Дисертації з теми "Normes culturelles"
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Anier, Nolwenn. "Le Rôle des Normes Culturelles d’Intégration dans l’Explication des Comportements de Discrimination : Le Cas de la Laïcité." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAL009/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe times in which we live constantly remind us that the fight against discrimination is a major challenge for our societies. In social psychology, the study of the causes of discrimination has been at the heart of research for many years. Nevertheless, the work done to date often offers explanations presented as identical in all countries and in all cultures. In the context of research on prejudice and discrimination, recent studies have highlighted the existence of culture-specific norms, derived from laws in each country and focused on the behaviors to be adopted to integrate within each society: the cultural norms of integration. The existence of such norms in a given society influences the level of prejudice of its members. On the basis of this work, the aim of this thesis is to study the effect of cultural integration norms on the emergence of discriminatory behaviors. Specifically, this thesis focuses on a political principle little studied in psychology: laïcité. Previous work has shown that this principle can be interpreted in two very different ways: a historical, inclusive form, and a new, exclusive form. Can cultural norms relating to this principle of laïcité be considered as important factors in the emergence of discrimination against ethnic or religious minorities? In order to study this fundamental question, this thesis is structured in six chapters: two theoretical chapters (chapters 1 and 6) and four empirical chapters, composed of eight studies (chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5). Chapter 1 introduces theoretically the different notions addressed in the thesis. Chapter 2 is composed of two pilot studies that form the basis of this thesis. Study 1 aims to compare five countries, including France, in terms of cultural norms of integration. This study highlights the importance of the norm of new laïcité in France. Study 2 aims to validate a computerized task to measure discriminatory behavior. In Chapter 3, two studies (Studies 3 and 4) were conducted to test the effect of new and historical laïcité norms on discrimination behaviors. The socio-political context at the time of these studies also led us to consider the influence of the real cultural context on the interpretation of the principle of laïcité. Chapter 4 explores another type of influence of integration norms. In fact, the two studies in this chapter (studies 5 and 6) suggest, both experimentally (Study 5) and from a more diverse sample (Study 6), that integration norms influence the requirements of members of majority groups concerning minority acculturation strategies. Finally, Chapter 5 introduces the study of the effect of laïcité norms in a country other than France: Belgium. Taken together, the results of this thesis highlight the importance of considering the influence of cultural context in social psychology studies. More specifically, these studies suggest that culture-specific integration norms can have a direct and indirect effect on intergroup attitudes and behaviors. In addition, the work of this thesis also suggests that the "real" cultural context in which a study is conducted may influence the effect of experimental manipulations performed in the laboratory. In the current context, putting the cultural context at the heart of the debate on replication in psychology, these works come to provide arguments supporting the importance of conceptual replication (which precisely proposes to take into account the specificities related to the context during replication). At applied level, this work also highlights the importance of promoting inclusive standards (such as historical laïcité in France) to improve intergroup relations
Deschênes, Ariane. "La règlementation des plateformes de diffusion numériques par le droit canadien : vers une meilleure protection de la diversité des expressions culturelles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34900.
Повний текст джерелаThis study suggests it would be possible for Canadian law to regulate a video-ondemand platform. In fact, distribution and broadcasting technologies have disrupted the cinematographic industry and the Canadian public broadcasting system with profound changes in the broadcast chain and the distribution channel. The video-on-demand platform has taken up a predominant position on the market, without being submitted to the financial contribution to a Canadian creation fund and to the obligation of broadcasting a percentage of Canadian content, while the role of traditional stakeholder, such as cable distributors, is being challenged. Furthermore, the diversity of cultural expression and promotion of Canadian content is not guaranteed on video-on-demand platforms. This study aims to demonstrate that it is possible to regulate the activities of such platforms by Canadian laws. Considering that the Canadian broadcasting policy is still relevant nowadays to maintain the presence of Canadian culture online, this research suggests reviewing the Canadian public broadcasting system in order to adapt it to the digital environment. Finally, this study suggests creating a new regulation system by introducing regulation for the specific intention of Canadian and foreign video-on-demand platforms. This would submit them to the obligation of financial contribution to a Canadian creation fund and to the promotion and discoverability of the Canadian audiovisual contents in the digital space.
Lamoureux, Marie. "L'importance de la congruence dans l'adoption de normes internationales : Le cas de la diversité culturelle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27612/27612.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBEAC, CHRISTINE. "Bonnes intentions, mauvaises impressions : normes culturelles et lois de la politesse dans les interactions verbales entre francais et australiens." Lyon 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO20021.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis takes cross-cultural miscommunication as its point of departure. It is based on an in-depth analysis of communication problems between a group of french speakers using english as a second language and their colleagues, who are native speakers of australian english. The paper shows that pragmatics pervades all levels of language usage. It highlights what the different sources of cross-cultural tensions are, how they affect various aspects of linguistic behaviour, and the king of mutual negative stereotyping which results from such encounters. The analysis of these facts points towards some fundamental differences between the two cultures in the perception of the self and of interpersonal relationships. Their cultural and historical background is used to explain some of their distinctive features. Finally, the thesis examines some of the consequences of these findings for the teaching of french as a foreign language and for cross-cultural business relations
Guillet-Descas, Emma. "Facteurs et processus de l'abandon sportif : du rôle de l'entraineur à l'impact des normes culturelles : une recherche longitudinale en handball féminin." Grenoble 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10155.
Повний текст джерелаTremblay, Johanne. "Aux pieds du grand escalier : ce que donne à voir l’attribution par le ministère de la Culture et de la Communication d’un label de «qualité» sur les opéras (nationaux) de région en France." Thesis, Avignon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AVIG1101/document.
Повний текст джерелаOur thesis discusses the process and consequences of the attribution, by the State, of a national label to five regional opera houses in France between 1996 and 2006. Through this event, we look closely at the current changes in the opera house as an organization which has traditionally been under municipal governance and is with this label repositioned under a governing body which includes the Region and the central State and its demands for greater visibility. Our objective is to understand the strategic renewal of opera houses outside Paris in a centralized political system where the State is said to guaranty cultural access and artistic quality. We do so by using the attribution of the national label as a marker and as a device that participates in the instrumentation of opera houses in a restricted market and a changing normative frame within which opera houses are brought to secure their own continuity. With a brief overlook at how opera houses have been transformed into a venue meant to entertain citizens and magnify cities, we give the reader an understanding of opera houses as conventional and regimented organizations forever bond to politics and the market. The particular organization of an opera house in France, the reasons behind the choices made and the applied methodology are then presented. Our inductive and multidisciplinary approach, supported by the critical posture adopted, leads us to the elaboration of a study where undetermined connections and human beings evolve within moderate constructivist ontology. We then suggest that the label, which gives rise to a perpetual strategic “remplissement” (Foucault), is inevitably remobilized to manage the side effects brought by its very existence. Power and legitimacy occupy in this dynamic a central place that we exemplify and discuss thoroughly. Our research presents an original way to understand the recent transformation of the French regional operas houses as expressed, and apprehended, by the attribution by the ministry of Culture and Communication of a “quality” label that enables them to gradually enter the growing mediated spheres already endorsed by cultural industries
Reckinger, Rachel. "Les pratiques discursives œnophiles entre normativité et appropriation : contribution à une sociologie des cultures alimentaires." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0169.
Повний текст джерелаSet in the context of an ever-increasing culturalisation of wine, this micro-sociological approach to contemporary œnophilic discursive practices in Luxembourg focuses on both inherent normativity and ordinary appropriation. The historical evolution is viewed through its rationalisation, leading to a governmentality of consumption. Its institutionalisation, in the form of evening-classes, conveys an epistemic type of normativity. The public which frequents this institution has forms of motivations which correspond to an interiorisation of experiences. The normativity is appropriated according to tactical usages. On the domestic level, the œnophiles' logics of action are stratégie and focused onto their personal and social life. Nonetheless, it is the aesthetic-based œnophilic canonisation that contains essential prerequisites of their sense of subjectivation. This shows the flexible interweaving of norms and pleasure, which lead to a personal and social empowerment
Jütte, Daniel. "Juliette Guilbaud, Nicolas Le Moigne, Thomas Lüttenberg (Hrsg.): Normes culturelles et construction de la déviance. Accusations et procès antijudaïques et antisémites à l’époque moderne et contemporaine/Kulturelle Normen und Konstruktion von Devianz. Antijüdische und antisemitische Beschuldigungen in derFrühen Neuzeit und in der Moderne / [rezensiert von] Robert Jütte." Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3889/.
Повний текст джерелаVlassis, Antonios. "Stratégie(s) d'acteur(s) et construction des cadres normatifs internationaux : de l'exception culturelle à la diversité culturelle." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529353.
Повний текст джерелаTremblay, Johanne. "Aux pieds du grand escalier : ce que donne à voir l'attribution par le ministère de la Culture et de la Communication d'un label de "qualité" sur les opéras (nationaux) de région en France." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00671908.
Повний текст джерелаVilleneuve, Francis. "L'émergence des normes internationales, le cas de la diversité culturelle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65415.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаKlop, Cornelis Jacobus. "De cultuurpolitieke paradox : noodzaak èn onwenselijkheid van overheidsinvloed op normen èn waarden /." Kampen : Uitg. Kok, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb401264536.
Повний текст джерелаOtašević, Ivana. "L'émergence d'une norme non écrite en matière de protection de la diversité culturelle en droit international." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31147.
Повний текст джерелаColacce, Maira. "Three essays on intra-household distribution of resources and poverty." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0121.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation analyzes the patterns of intra-household inequalities in non-developed countries and how they are affected by culture and policies. Using household expenditure surveys, I employ a collective model to analyze household consumption allocation and its drivers, and to assess its implications for individual poverty.In the first chapter, I present novel findings on intra-household resource distribution for 45 low- and middle-income countries. The results reveal that women are nearly twice as poor as men on a global scale, with children experiencing even greater deprivation. Furthermore, intra-household disparities are more pronounced in poor countries and, within countries, among poor households.In the second chapter, I investigate whether kinship-based post-marital residence customs—specifically, patrilocality (residing with the groom's parents) and matrilocality (residing with the bride's parents)—continue to influence household consumption sharing and individual poverty levels in Ghana and Malawi. Analysis indicates that ancestral patrilocality, compared to matrilocality, corresponds with reduced resource allocation to women and a notably higher incidence of poverty among women across various household consumption levels.In the third chapter, I examine the impact of Uruguay's largest social assistance program, which targets poor families with children and paid to women. Employing a regression discontinuity design within a structural estimation framework, I find a significant increase in resource allocation to eligible women in rural areas, with no effects on children. I translate these results into terms of individual poverty: all family members benefit from the income effect, but the bargaining effect reduces women's poverty even more
Azab, Lamiss. "Le traducteur en tant que médiateur culturel - L'exemple de Rifâ'a Al-Tahtâwî (1801-1873)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA007.
Повний текст джерелаThough mediation and cultural mediation seem to be enrooted in Translation Studies especially since the Cultural Turn, a specialized definition of these notions is still missing. Based on their definitions in other different domains – especially cultural communication – and on a causal theory of translation, we present a three-fold thesis on the translator as a cultural mediator and on his deliberate interventions. The three axes we develop here are based on identity, textual and functionalist approaches. First, we analyze the specificity of the identity of the translator seen as a construction that is not only marked by the linguistic formation and the sociocultural norms of his original community, but also by the actor’s empathy towards the Other and his system of norms. In this first fold, translation strategies are studied as mirrors of identity strategies the translator follows in order to keep the coherence and the valorization of his identity construction. Then, the texts and types of texts are considered as cultural creations that the translator re-presents to his community through making cultural differences understandable on the formal, lexical and discourse levels. To do so, he uses different writing norms from the most conforming to the most differentiating one. In this second fold, the translator’s preface is seen as a privileged place for a direct mediation, in which he already informs his reader about the translation he’s about to read and recommends the reading. Finally, we study two translation functions through which the translator acts on the cultural identity of his community based on his re-presentation of the text: the intellectual formation of the reader and the de-construction/ re-construction of his identity. By the means of a simple text or of an educational institution, the translator’s first aim is to inform the reader, and through this information, he acts on the re-definition of essential foundations of his identity construction
Velasco-Graciet, Hélène. "La frontiere, le territoire et le lieu. Norme et transgression dans les pyrenees occidentales." Pau, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PAUU1008.
Повний текст джерелаGeographers have always been interested in borders, since these appeared. In fact geography is the only science which considers border to be a field of research in itself. At the end of xixth c. And in the beginning of xxth, borders were approached in their political aspects only. After a period of oblivion and, paradoxically, at the time of the suppression of borders inside europe, contemporary geographers are interested again in their study, but from the economical, sociological and cultural more than geopolitical point of view. However the meaning of border exceeds these approaches; that is the reason why border is examined here in the light of the geographical concepts of territory and place. Observed in such a way, it has three aspects. First, as a symbol of nation, it may appear stiff and fixed, participating in the construction of the national territory, whose is is the end, fixed by norm. Secondly, if we try to come closer to the point of view of border populations in their daily life, this fixity disappears : being appropriated by them, integrated in their speech, border is one of the necessary components of the construction of a particular place, the border village. This place, built in such a way, is singular, since it is a space admittedly truncated by a limit imposed from outside, the national border. Finally, at the very core of the mind of border populations, as far as we can perceive it, another space appears : it is the place, along the national border, of endogenous (necessary to the construction of the group) and exogenous (through smuggling practices) transgressions. We call it "ante-place" because it both contrasts with the place constituted by the practices and representations of border populations and reinforces the archaic roots of the group identity. In spite of these three aspects, border is unique, its fragmentation and distortion resulting from the methods of approach. These different methods have been tested on the french-spanish border case in the west pyrenees
Moukengue, Roger. "Observances des normes ethniques et conduites sociales en milieu congolais essai sur le changement social et la dimension culturelle du développement /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376082701.
Повний текст джерелаLeys, Christophe. "Normes émotionnelles et jugement social: étude de l'influence de la perception du sentiment de culpabilité d'un transgresseur sur les processus d'attribution d'une peine en fonction de son appartenance culturelle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209949.
Повний текст джерелаIls ont accepté de résumer pour Justice-en-ligne le fruit de leurs recherches.
Le sentiment de culpabilité est essentiel dans le cadre d’un jugement parce qu’il induit celui qui la ressent à réparer son tort, que ce soit symboliquement, par des excuses, ou concrètement par des actes, comme le remboursement des dommages occasionnés.
Une première étude a montré qu’un prévenu, pris en flagrant délit, se sentant coupable sera moins sévèrement condamné que s’il ne se sent pas coupable, car il est perçu comme plus sociable, que son délit a tendance à être attribué à des circonstances externes, et qu’il semble moins susceptible de récidiver. Dans une seconde approche nous avons voulu savoir si l’influence des sentiments de culpabilité et de colère était la même en fonction de l’origine ethnique du prévenu, belge ou maghrébine. Lorsque l’on teste la présence ou l’absence de culpabilité et de colère, on obtient quatre comportements possibles du prévenu, qui peut :
se sentir coupable et ne pas être en colère ;
se sentir coupable et être en colère ;
ne pas se sentir coupable ni être en colère ;
ne pas se sentir coupable et être en colère.
Le premier et le dernier comportement sont attendus :la culpabilité va de pair avec une absence de colère et inversement. Par contre, la présence conjointe de culpabilité et de colère, ou l’absence de culpabilité et de colère sont des comportements surprenants. Dans le cas d’un prévenu belge, les comportements attendus conduisent à une sanction sévère, alors que les comportements surprenants conduisent à une peine plus modérée. Paradoxalement, exprimer de la culpabilité et pas de colère n’est donc pas une stratégie payante pour le prévenu car elle revient à reconnaître les faits sans évoquer de circonstances atténuantes. En revanche, un prévenu qui se sent coupable mais qui est en colère contre la société induit l’idée qu’il a compris sa transgression, mais que des circonstances atténuantes l’excusent partiellement.
Dans le cas d’un prévenu maghrébin, la situation diffère légèrement. Les Maghrébins souffrent de deux stéréotypes culturels (c’est-à-dire des croyances répandues dans la société à propos de leur groupe) négatifs à propos de ces émotions :ils sont perçus comme se mettant facilement en colère et comme se sentant rarement coupables. Il semble que les participants soient influencés, consciemment ou non, par ces stéréotypes. La condition cohérente, qui joint l’absence de culpabilité à la présence de colère conduit, comme pour le prévenu belge, à une peine sévère. Rien d’illogique :si un prévenu ne se sent pas coupable et de plus se rebelle, il ne doit pas s’attendre à de la clémence. Par contre, les deux conditions inattendues qui mènent à une peine moins sévère au prévenu belge n’ont pas cet effet chez le prévenu maghrébin. Tout se passe comme si, dès qu’il agit en accord avec ne fût-ce qu’un des stéréotypes négatifs de son groupe, il est puni sévèrement. Dès lors, s’il ressent de la colère ou qu’il ne se sent pas coupable, la peine est sévère. Par contre, lorsqu’il contredit ces stéréotypes, qu’il se sent coupable et n’est pas en colère, il est moins sévèrement puni. De toutes les conditions, Belges et Maghrébins confondus, c’est la situation qui conduit à la peine la plus basse. Il semble que, pour les prévenus maghrébins, les participants ne se soient pas tant centrés sur l’attribution de facteurs externes que sur une autre dimension, non pertinente chez un prévenu belge :le niveau d’intégration à la culture belge. Un maghrébin qui se sent coupable et n’est pas en colère est perçu comme bien intégré à la culture belge et moins condamné.
Peut-on parler de discrimination ?
Dans l’état actuel des recherches, il n’est pas question de discrimination, mais bien de raisonnements différents. Pour pouvoir invoquer la discrimination, il faudrait mettre en évidence plusieurs éléments :d’une part, ces études concernent essentiellement un échantillon de personnes qui ne sont pas magistrats, bien qu’une partie de l’échantillon était formée au droit. Même si aucune différence n’a été observée entre cet échantillon et le reste des participants, formés à d’autres disciplines que le droit, il se peut que les magistrats aient développé, par l’expérience, des stratégies de contrôle de ces effets.
D’autre part, la peine dépend avant tout du comportement émotionnel ;dès lors, si l’on imagine une situation dans laquelle tous les prévenus réagissent sans se sentir coupables et en étant en colère, la peine sera uniformément sévère quelle que soit l’origine. Par contre, si tous les prévenus réagissaient en se sentant coupables et en n’étant pas en colère, nos études sugèrent que ce sont les prévenus belges qui seraient discriminés. Les prévenus maghrébins seraient également discriminés si, par exemple, tous les prévenus réagissaient de manière inattendue. Mais nous n’avons que peu d’informations sur ces comportements lors des procès.
Quelques données supplémentaires
Outre les expériences, quelques observations de terrain ont soulevé des points qui peuvent alimenter le débat. Trois approches ont été réalisées :l’observation de procès, l’entretien avec des ex-détenus et l’entretien avec des magistrats. Les deux premières visaient avant tout à investiguer la gestion des émotions en fonction de l’origine culturelle. Les prévenus d’origine maghrébine ont-ils tendance à se sentir plus ou moins coupables que les prévenus d’origine belge ?Existe-t-il des différences culturelles quant aux normes relatives à la présentation d’excuses lorsque l’on a commis un délit ?Tous les prévenus ont-ils les moyens d’observer des rituels d’excuses complexes ?
L’observation de nombreux procès révèle une corrélation très forte entre les aptitudes linguistiques perçues du prévenu et sa tendance à présenter des excuses. Plus un prévenu éprouve des difficultés à s’exprimer en français, moins les stratégies d’excuses seront utilisées. A l’inverse, les Belges semblent s’excuser plus souvent, presque systématiquement même, dès lors qu’ils ne nient pas les faits.
Les ex-détenus, indépendamment de leur origine, ne se sentent a priori jamais coupables des délits qui leur ont été reprochés. Par contre, certains disent avoir présenté des excuses au tribunal. La culpabilité, lorsqu’elle était ressentie, concernait plutôt les conséquences du délit, comme les difficultés financières auxquelles étaient confrontées les familles des détenus, la violence imprévue durant les faits, ou encore, pour un cas, le délit lui-même (vente de stupéfiant) mais justifié par le fait que l’ex-détenu était toxicomane lors des faits. Il en ressort que, dans la plupart des cas, une justification morale avait déjà été trouvée lorsque les faits ont été commis, ce qui pose la question de l’intérêt d’un éventuel repentir et de l’impact qu’il faudrait lui donner sur la peine.
Les magistrats pensent pour la plupart qu’ils sont influencés par les émotions comme le seraient le commun des mortels. Seul un magistrat estime que l’expérience permet aux magistrats de maîtriser cet effet. Cependant, aucun ne peut quantifier l’importance de l’effet sur la peine. Certains l’estiment fort limité, d’autres plus important.
Conclusions
Ces recherches et observations posent les questions suivantes :doit-on prendre en compte, de manière contrôlée voire légiférée, l’effet des émotions comme la culpabilité sur la peine et, si oui, comment ?Dans certains pays, comme le Japon, les excuses ne peuvent pas être prises en compte. En effet, un prévenu s’excusera dans 99 % des cas, simplement parce que les normes de l’honneur l’imposent. Dès lors, alors que les excuses pourraient être interprétées comme un aveu de la transgression, elles ne sont pas autorisées car même un innocent pourrait s’excuser normativement. A quelles conclusions arriverions-nous si nous devions lever ce débat en Belgique ?
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Fabre, Sylvain. "Enseignement des arts plastiques au collège : approche disciplinaire et perspectives normatives en éducation artistique et culturelle." Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/17974352X#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Повний текст джерелаHe « plastic arts » discipline is considered as indicative of art education and School in France. An historic survey shows the difficulties for a discipline-based art education, as a result of the plurality of the purposes referred, and of the conception of art as creative, exploratory, and criticical practice. How to think an art teaching that balances didactization and respect for the artistic values? We make the assumption that art can be characterized by the ability to experience the action standards and processes, whatever their origin, as well as to invent new standards. Building on the work of Canguilhem, Schwartz, Le Blanc, and Rochex, we define a normative perspective and we show its interest. It allows us to characterize the actions of professional teachers of art, using interviews and an ethnographic observation of classes with special curriculum visual arts. Our study also focuses on student activity, and on the processes that determine the understanding of classroom situations. It proposes a typology of students that highlights the factors that influence the meaning given to the discipline. Two perspectives thus conjoin: a descriptive and analytical perspective and a normative perspective. Their complementarity leads us to propose the artistic education as the establishment of a "normative space", developing a culture of practice, a culture of discovery, as well as a culture of institutions
Moukengue, Roger. "Observance des normes ethniques et conduites sociales en milieu urbain : essai sur le changement social et la dimension culturelle du développement au Congo." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE2005.
Повний текст джерелаThrough an analysis of the attitudes of Brazzaville's young citizens towards certain ethnic rules, supplemented by an analysis of different types of public behaviour, the study brings out a paradox : on one hand there is a significant recourse to ethnic solidarity, particularly in the domain of personal social mobility or in contexts of ethno-regional leadership appropriation; on the other, an increasingly widespread questioning of reference to the ethnic norm in determining individual attitudes and in social integration. The study then shows how this paradox has a negative influence on the processes of social change and development currently in progress in congolese society, making them "pervers". The importance of this influence led us to outline a cultural rather than a culturalist explanation of congolese social forces. In the course of this outline the author defines the concept of the cultural dimension of development
Chapuis-Després, Stéphanie. "Femmes et féminité dans la société allemande (XVIe - XVIIe siècles) : normes, pratiques, représentations." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040252/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is about the female population of the Holy Roman Empire from about 1555, when the Peace of Augsburg, confirming the legitimacy of the Reformation was signed, until 1648, at the end of the Thirty Years’ War. The purpose of this work is to see how and why women, and particularly their bodies, were targeted by social discipline, and how it generated a redefinition and a precise codification of femininity in the age of Reformation and the confessionalization of societies. This thesis focuses on normative books written by theologians, protestant ministers and Jesuits, dealing with diverse subjects like education, marriage, maternity and widowhood. Laws and decrees about daily life have also been analysed, just like medical treaties revealing the mechanisms of the female body discipline in an interconfessional perspective. It shows how gestures, attitudes, appearance, sexuality and language were controlled in order to define a specific habitus. Beside the norms spread in the different documents under scrutiny, some practices related to the female body have been studied from letters, memoirs and statements of offence. This work crosses perspectives of social history, women and cultural history, as well as historical anthropology with an interconfessional comparison
Sun, Peidong. "La mode dans le contexte du totalitarisme : analyse contextuelle et pratiques vestimentaires des habitants des villes du Guangdong pendant la révolution culturelle chinoise." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0031.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis “Fashion in context of chinese Cultural Revolution” (1966-1976) is critical of the western sociological studies on fashion. They ignore partially or completely the role of power and political ideology in shaping the every day practice of dress code and the meanings that individual express in their choice of garments and style when the social context is totalitarian. This thesis is innovative in three areas. First, it shows how the dress is a powerful way of giving a popular picture of the basic class organization of a society; second, how the enemies of the political regime are made vulnerable at the local level through their unconventional or unusual ways of dressing; and third, how people not only reproduce the social order in following the dress code but also develop a strong feeling – most of the time, of attachment – for the way they dress. Hence, the social order becomes inevitably a kind of moral order. 65 men or women who have been young adults during the decade under review and were living at this time in Guandong province have been interviewed twice and the analysis is based on full transcriptions of all the interviews. A second source of data are published record of newspapers articles, photos and statistical data about consumption at that time
Gruet, Brice. "La rue à Rome, miroir de la ville : entre l'émotion et la norme." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040261.
Повний текст джерелаWe focus on three key-moments of the constitution of our modern urbanity through the study of the street in Rome. They can be understood as dialectical positions. The first is the foundation, warrant of a link between men and cosmos. The celebrations confirm it, and the street symbolizes this link. Social harmony relies on that special communication between men and their environment. The second movement appears with the perspective. Street becomes a mere tool for the esthetics of power, especially with popes. Finally, the Risorgimento unwinds the last movement with the destruction of the old streets and the appraisal of traffic as a new symbol of civilization. The street, then, is just useful as a highway or a nostalgic landmark. But it does not belong to the people anymore. That nostalgia feeds strong movements or militancy such as tourism, ecology, and patrimony
Monzalvo, Lopez Ana Karla. "Etude chez l'enfant normal et dyslexique de l'impact sur les réseaux corticaux visuel et linguistique d'une activité culturelle : la lecture." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066364.
Повний текст джерелаBanos, Vincent. "L'hypothétique construction des lieux ordinaires entre agriculteurs et non-agriculteurs en Dordogne : de l'idéologie patrimoniale à la recherche des échappés du territoire." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426652.
Повний текст джерелаHeimendinger, Nicolas. "L’Etat contre la norme : le tournant des institutions publiques vers l’art d’avant-garde, 1959-1977 (Allemagne de l’Ouest, Etats-Unis, France)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA080002.
Повний текст джерелаThe 1960s and 1970s are commonly regarded as the period of transition from modern art to contemporary art. My research aims to characterize this change, not only in terms of stylistic evolutions, but as a profound reconfiguration of the institutional structures of the art field. One of its main factors consists in the expansion of public intervention in the contemporary art field, following the general development of cultural policies in all the Western liberal democracies at that time. A crucial feature of this rapprochement between contemporary art and public institutions is the choice shared by many organizations to promote avant-garde art. Support to the most recent artistic innovations and recognition of their most unconventional aspects are the two faces of this evolution, which has also benefited to some radical historical avant-gardes that were previously neglected. This reorientation represents a major break in the history of the avant-gardes, which originated in a radical opposition to any official authorities, and can explain the exhaustion of their dynamics at the end of the 1970s. It also marks a turning point in the long history of the relationship between state and culture, and can be seen as a symptom of a broader redefinition of high culture.The investigation into the causes of this change has highlighted the determining role of the public intermediaries to whom artistic decisions are delegated, in order to prevent any state control on public tastes. Because these intermediaries draw their legitimacy primarily from the art field, their choices led to import the values of the avant-garde into public institutions. From the end of the 1960s, this mechanism has been intensified by the effects of the increasing demands to democratize the art world: for lack of being able to fully answer these claims for cultural democracy (or in order to circumvent them), these intermediaries have emphasized their support to unconventional art as a mean to demonstrate, at least, their solidarity with the contemporary protests against sociocultural hierarchies
Djavadzadeh, Keivan. "Wild women don't have the blues : genre, race et sexualité dans le rap féminin états-unien." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080063.
Повний текст джерелаOf all popular music genres, rap – a music born in the South Bronx in New York in the mid-1970s – is the one most commonly linked to a masculine and misogynistic discourse. Even female rappers often describe the genre as a male-dominated and even hostile environment. Still, numerous female rappers have entered this space since 1979, selling millions of records and contributing to the development of this genre, even though they usually don’t get the recognition they deserve. At the crossroads of political science and media studies, this study focuses on how working-class, black women find success in a male-dominated industry and reach social visibility in the public sphere. In their lyrics, female rappers openly discuss gender, race and sexuality and dispute hegemonic representations. Because representation is an organizing principle of social relations, a study of female rappers’ discourse provides us with a better understanding of the way norms of gender, race and sexuality are constituted – and challenged – through rap music. Rap is now one of the main spaces where these norms are (re)produced. It is the battlefield of an ongoing "war of position" involving ideologies of gender and race. In this space, black women express gender and race through performance and negotiate their identity far from the traditional gender norms
Byun, Oung. "Construire un monde par la culture-langue : essai sur les relations internationales de la Francophonie dans le contexte de la mondialisation : institution, norme, stratégie (de 1997 à nos jours)." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0083.
Повний текст джерелаThe main interest of thesis is focuses on ,the reconstruction of international politics of the Francophonie in the context of globalisation and it articulates on three axes: the institutional reorganisation on the basis of culture-language, the introduction of Cultural, Diversity as a new norm and finally the: adoption-of an original political strategy enhancing the value of culture language since the creation of the International Organisation of the Francophonie in Hanoi, 1997 up to the present time. Based on interviews with major institutional actors and, diverse archival sources, the thesis suggests an analysis and the understanding on the effective causal 'changes' of the institutional Francophonie by mobilising three conceptual notions (institution, norm, strategy). These three key concepts are developed 'by our own appropriation from the dialogue between, Ricoeur's theory of action and the retent historiographical innovation in French Annales School reoriented by two conceptual pillars : the action (in terms of powr -to-act or Agency) and the variation of scales in historiography. The mobilisation of these three notions permits to illustrate that the 'reconstruction' of the political Francophonie in front of the. Globalisation reveals a clear discontinuity with the practiçes and their precedent representation and demonstrates new forms of political action based on the Culture-Language, The analysis also permits to distinguish three 'principal scales of represetation. The first one is the international and intra-linguistic representation which forms a new regional and international organisation against other forms of dominant cultures, notaby Anglo-American one. The second one is the multilàteral representation which concerns political arrangement of internal affairs of the Francphone States of which the dysfunction and the inertia, constitute majors obstacles against the institutional enhancement. Lastly, it is the representation of terrain that of scholarly sector in particular which shows a possibility to construct a more coherent international politics from the concrete reality confronted by the actors. The thesis contributes to explain and ta understand better the complexity of political representation of the Francophonie, It unveils the way in which an active policy to reinforce the capability of actors of terrain permits to construct a more coherent international politics and it would be susceptible to incorporate the ensemble of actors regardless of their level of representation
Hauchecorne, Mathieu. "La fabrication transnationale des idées politiques : Sociologie de la réception de John Rawls et des "théories de la justice" en France (1971-2011)." Thesis, Lille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL20013.
Повний текст джерелаSpanning the sociology of elites, intellectual history, and reception studies, this research explores how theories and political ideas are circulated across countries and disciplines, as well as between the academic and political worlds. Starting in 1971, it studies the French intellectual and political reception of John Rawls’s theory of social justice, and more broadly of the debates it sparked in the English-speaking world. Contributing to a historical sociology of political ideas, this dissertation combines ethnography in think-tanks and academic conferences, as well as in online discussions, with a statistical survey, and the study of archives of publishers, academics and administrations. Through the exploration of references to Rawls, Sen or Walzer in academia, the press, political platforms or curricula, we show how this reception is an analyzer of broader changes, such as the growing dominance of English in transnational cultural exchanges, the declining recourse to Marxist and Keynesian paradigms in the French Left, and the questioning of centrality of structuralism in social sciences and the humanities in France. It shows that the very diverse ways in which “theories of justice” have been appropriated and circulated in France depend on the social location of their mediators, and on how their networks are structured. Whereas the sociology of reception has often overlooked the internal analysis of appropriations, this research shows how analyzing them sociologically helps explain why these mediators felt elective affinities with Rawls’s thought, despite national, disciplinary and sectoral boundaries
Djavadzadeh, Keivan. "Wild women don't have the blues : genre, race et sexualité dans le rap féminin états-unien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080063.
Повний текст джерелаOf all popular music genres, rap – a music born in the South Bronx in New York in the mid-1970s – is the one most commonly linked to a masculine and misogynistic discourse. Even female rappers often describe the genre as a male-dominated and even hostile environment. Still, numerous female rappers have entered this space since 1979, selling millions of records and contributing to the development of this genre, even though they usually don’t get the recognition they deserve. At the crossroads of political science and media studies, this study focuses on how working-class, black women find success in a male-dominated industry and reach social visibility in the public sphere. In their lyrics, female rappers openly discuss gender, race and sexuality and dispute hegemonic representations. Because representation is an organizing principle of social relations, a study of female rappers’ discourse provides us with a better understanding of the way norms of gender, race and sexuality are constituted – and challenged – through rap music. Rap is now one of the main spaces where these norms are (re)produced. It is the battlefield of an ongoing "war of position" involving ideologies of gender and race. In this space, black women express gender and race through performance and negotiate their identity far from the traditional gender norms
Valade, Pauline. "Réjouissances monarchiques et joie publique à Paris au XVIIIe siècle : approbation et interrogation du pouvoir politique par l'émotion (1715-1789)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30057.
Повний текст джерелаIn the society of Ancient Regime, the monarchical festivities and public manifestations of joy had an essential function for political power. Their organization and their progress, demonstrated a sustained attention to ways to amaze, amuse and provoke demonstrations of joy among the Parisian population. Deprived of any political speech, this one was convened to applaud and approve the royal power and government. However, the celebrations were primarily a space for dialogue between the elites and the population of the capital because it reserved the right to show or not his joy, in order to criticize or question the virtues of political power. By studying the decisions, rules for the organization and supervision of the festivities, this is to understand how the monarchy needed the festivities to show his power and virtues in a public space under political and police control. It appears that rejoicing was a duty of the subjects. Analysis of the means used to delight the population can reveal the elite perceptions of the population, strictly reduced sensory abilities. The study of fireworks, throwing money or charitable gestures of royal power nevertheless throws new light on interests to ensure well-calculated cheers. The final part examines the ways in which people responded to the demands of power. The analysis of the experiences of the public joy, helps understand that obedience never excluded a personal appropriation of events, for princes to the humblest Parisians. As official events of joy were subjects of negotiations as they were diversion for protester or transgressive purposes, especially in the last third of the eighteenth century. Thus, the culture of assertion, instilled throughout the century, paradoxically served a culture of protest since the duty to cheer became a right to rejoice
Pinheiro, Mariza de Oliveira. "Anayde Beiriz e a escrita de si: (Educa??o, hist?ria e rela??es de g?nero)." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14331.
Повний текст джерелаLe th?me de cette dissertation est l Histoire de l ?ducation de la femme. Une analyse des pratiques culturelles de la professeur Anayde da Costa Beiriz (1905-1930), dans le contexte paraibanais du d?but du XXe si?cle, est propos?e. Le r?f?rentiel th?oricom?thodologique de l Histoire Culturelle est utilis?, pour aller contre l histoire pass?e sous silence dans le canon traditionnel. Bas?e sur le concept de repr?sentation (Chartier, 1990), rompant avec les anciennes id?es de sens intrins?que, absolu, unique, li?e aux pratiques complexes, multiples et diff?renci?es, qui construisent le monde comme repr?sentation. Bas?e aussi sur le concept de configuration (Elias, 1980), en comprenant que apparemment individu et soci?t? sont deux objets qui existent ind?pendamment, mais en v?rit?, se rapportent ? deux niveaux ins?parables du monde social, sont unis par des liens d interd?pendance. Un dialogue est recherch? entre le pass? et le pr?sent et les diff?rentes dimensions: historique, sociale, politique et culturelle v?cues par la professeur Anayde Beiriz. Pour obtenir des informations sur ses pratiques culturelles, une recherche des marques de cette histoire dans de multiples sources est effectu?e: dans la bibliographie disponible parmi les domaines de la litt?rature, de l histoire, d?s sciences sociales et de l ?ducation; dans des archives de l Institut Historique et G?ographique de la Paraiba et de Natal; dans les Biblioth?ques de l Universit? F?d?rale de la Paraiba et du Rio Grande do Norte et chez des bouquinistes. L inventaire comprend: des p?riodiques, la l?gislation en vigueur, des ?crits de contemporains, d?s t?moignages oraux de parents, des lettres et des photos. On comprend de cette fa?on, que l id?e d ?plucher au travers de cette ?tude, des aspects qui n ont pas encore ?t? vus et rappel?s, peut non seulement r?pondre ? nos doutes, mais, peut ? partir de la r?flexion qui se fait, se traduire par une nouvelle compr?hension de cette histoire. En conclusion, des significations multiples sont contenues dans le processus d insertion de la femme dans l ?ducation ? partir des ?coles Normales, qui englobent les relations de genre, l histoire du pouvoir, de la morale, de surpassement, des luttes et insatisfactions. On per?oit l h?ritage de r?sistances et de conqu?tes. Cela a ?t? sous l inspiration des airs de la modernit? avec la Belle ?poque, en r?percutant dans le monde et aussi dans la Parahyba du Nord, que s est concr?tis?e la formation sociale de la professeur Anayde Beiriz et des femmes de son temps. L analyse de l ?criture de soi confirme le discours normatif du contr?le moral social, le joug et les pr?jug?s soufferts par Anayde Beiriz et l ?ducation diff?renci? de genre qui ont d?termin? ses habitudes et coutumes. C est-?dire, pour la femme, la permanence dans l espace priv?, la retenue, l anoblissement des t?ches m?nag?res et de la maternit? comme sa plus haute aspiration, le support moral de la famille, la pr?servation de la tradition et la perp?tuation des r?gles religieuses
O tema desta disserta??o ? a Hist?ria da educa??o da mulher. Prop?e-se, a analisar as pr?ticas culturais da professora Anayde da Costa Beiriz (1905-1930), no contexto paraibano de in?cio do s?culo XX. Utiliza-se o referencial te?rico-metodol?gico da Hist?ria Cultural, por inclinar-se contra a hist?ria silenciada no c?none tradicional. Aporta-se no conceito de representa??o em Chartier (1990), ao romper com antigas id?ias de sentido intr?nseco, absoluto, ?nico, compreendendo as pr?ticas complexas, m?ltiplas e diferenciadas, que constroem o mundo como representa??o. Tamb?m no conceito de configura??o em Elias (1980), ao abranger que aparentemente indiv?duo e sociedade s?o dois objetos que existem independentemente, mas na verdade, referem-se a dois n?veis insepar?veis do mundo social, est?o unidos por elos de interdepend?ncia. Busca-se um di?logo entre o passado e o presente e as diferentes dimens?es: hist?rica, social, pol?tica e cultural, vivenciadas pela professora Anayde Beiriz. Para obter as informa??es acerca das suas pr?ticas culturais, caminha-se na busca das marcas desta hist?ria em m?ltiplas fontes: na bibliografia dispon?vel entre as ?reas da Literatura, Hist?ria, Ci?ncias Sociais e Educa??o; em arquivos, do Instituto Hist?rico e Geogr?fico da Para?ba e de Natal; nas Bibliotecas da Universidade Federal da Para?ba e do Rio Grande do Norte e em Sebos de livros. A cataloga??o abrange: peri?dicos; a legisla??o vigente; escritos de contempor?neos; depoimentos orais de parentes; cartas e fotos. Entende-se desta forma, que a id?ia de esmiu?ar atrav?s deste estudo, aspectos que ainda n?o tenham sido vistos e lembrados, podem n?o apenas responder ao nosso questionamento, mas podem a partir da reflex?o que se faz traduzir-se num novo entendimento desta hist?ria. Conclui-se que no processo de inser??o da mulher na educa??o a partir das Escolas Normais, est?o contidos m?ltiplos significados, que envolvem as rela??es de g?nero, a hist?ria do poder, da moral, da supera??o, das lutas e insatisfa??es. Percebe-se o legado de resist?ncias e conquistas. Foi sob a inspira??o dos ares da modernidade com a Belle ?poque, repercutindo no mundo e tamb?m na Parahyba do Norte, que se concretizou a forma??o social da professora Anayde Beiriz e das mulheres do seu tempo. A an?lise da escrita de si confirma o discurso normativo de controle moral social, a subjuga??o e preconceitos sofridos por Anayde Beiriz e a educa??o diferenciada de g?nero que determinaram seus h?bitos e costumes. Ou seja, ? mulher, a perman?ncia no espa?o privado, o recato, o enobrecimento das fun??es do lar e da maternidade como a sua mais elevada aspira??o, a sustenta??o moral da fam?lia, a preserva??o da tradi??o e a perpetua??o das regras religiosas
Braga, Robson da Silva. "Eu era feio, agora tenho carro : encenações e práticas de consumo em clubes de forró de Fortaleza." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/109704.
Повний текст джерелаDe caráter etnográfico (Guber), a pesquisa analisou de que modo os consumidores de “forró estilizado” ou “forró eletrônico” se apropriam (Canclini) das formas simbólicas (Thompson) que compõem duas casas de show consideradas de "classe média" na capital cearense para produzir encenações de si (Goffman) com base nas categorias nativas de "modernidade" e "sofisticação". A investigação partiu da concepção de que Fortaleza, tida como "a capital do forró" estilizado, vem se inserindo num processo extremamente tardio de modernização, a partir da década de 1990, o que colabora para o espírito emergente que permeia a cultura popular urbana e a indústria cultural local. A pesquisa sistematizada foi dividida em quatro etapas, desenvolvidas de março a outubro de 2014: 1) pesquisa quantitativa (para definir o perfil sociodemográfico dos dois clubes); 2) observação não participante (para identificar formas simbólicas utilizadas nos clubes); 3) observação participante (para perceber de que modo os consumidores usam as formas simbólicas nas interações); 4) e entrevistas etnográficas (para compreender os sentidos sociais que sustentam tais formas simbólicas, as apropriações que são feitas delas e as encenações do “eu” através de processos interacionais). Uma das considerações finais diz respeito ao modo como a "classe média tradicional" e a "classe trabalhadora" (a chamada “nova classe média" brasileira) encenam tais noções de "modernidade" e "sofisticação", ambas as classes apropriando-se de formas simbólicas semelhantes (a exemplo de carros importados, uísques e roupas de marca), porém produzindo usos distintos para tais produtos, considerando-se as diferentes mediações (Martín-Barbero) e os distintos habitus (Bourdieu) que perpassam a história de vida de cada sujeito social.
An ethnographic research (Guber) has analyzed how consumers of “stylized forró” or “electronic forró” employ (canclini) symbolic forms (Thompson) that comprise two “middle class” venues in the capital of Ceará to produce presentations of self (Goffman) based on the local category of “modernity” and “sophistication”. The research started from the idea that Fortaleza, known as "capital of the stylized forró", is going through an extremely late process of modernization, from the 1990s, which contributes to the emerging spirit that pervades the city popular culture and the local cultural industry. The systematic research was divided into four stages, developed from March to October 2014: 1) a quantitative research (to determine the sociodemographic profile of both clubs); 2) a non-participant observation (to identify symbolic forms used in the clubs); 3) a participant observation (to understand how consumers use the symbolic forms in interactions); 4) and ethnographic interviews (to understand the social meanings that sustain such symbolic forms, their employments and the performance of the self through interaction processes). A final consideration concerns the way the "traditional middle class" and the "working class" (so-called "new middle class" of Brazil) act out such notions of "modernity" and "sophistication", both classes employing similar symbolic forms (such as imported cars, whiskey and designer clothes), but using such products differently, considering the different mediations (Martín-Barbero) and the different habitus (Bourdieu) of the life story each social individual.
De carácter etnográfico (Guber), la investigación analizó cómo los consumidores de "forró estilizado" o “forró electrónico” se apropian (Canclini) de las formas simbólicas (Thompson) las cuales componen dos salas de concierto consideradas de “clase media” en la capital de Ceará para producir presentaciones de la persona (Goffman) con base en las categorías nativas de “modernidad” y “sofisticación”. La investigación partió de la concepción de que Fortaleza, considerada “la capital del forró” estilizado, viene ingresando en un proceso extremamente tardío de modernización, a partir de la década de 1990, lo que contribuye al espíritu emergente que permea la cultura popular urbana y la industria cultural local. La investigación sistematizada fue dividida en cuatro etapas, desarrolladas desde marzo a octubre de 2014: 1) investigación cuantitativa (para definir el perfil sociodemográfico de los dos clubes); 2) observación no participante (para identificar formas simbólicas utilizadas en los clubes); 3) observación participante (para percibir cómo los consumidores usan las formas simbólicas en las interacciones); las entrevistas etnográficas (para comprender los sentidos sociales que sustentan tales formas simbólicas, las apropiaciones hechas de ellas e las escenificaciones del “yo” a través de procesos de interacción). Una de las consideraciones finales se refiere al modo como la “clase media tradicional” y la “clase trabajadora” (la denominada “nueva clase media” brasileña) escenifican tales nociones de “modernidad” y “sofisticación”, ambas las clases se apropiando de las formas simbólicas semejantes (por ejemplo coches importados, whiskies y ropas de marca), pero produciendo usos distintos para tales productos, considerando las diferentes mediaciones (Martín-Barbero) y los distintos habitus (Bourdieu) que atraviesan la historia de vida de cada sujeto social.
Sarzo, Matteo. "La structure de l'obligation internationale et l'effet direct." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010272.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis attempts to draw some general guidelines relating to the interpretation and implementation of international obligations within domestic law. An international rule, whereby States are obliged to achieve a certain result or to impede it, in most cases only prescribes a course of conduct. Therefore, it is through the application of domestic rules, intended as “means”, that the compliance with international law is ensured. From this point of view, domestic law in its entirety enables the implementation of international obligations, to the extent that the former grants to the organs of the State the power to behave in a precise manner in order to achieve a given objective. The issue of self-executing rules in international law is generally linked to the fact that the individual can successfully invoke against the domestic authorities the respect of an international rule accruing to him. International sub-systems, aimed at the protection of human rights, offer a standing point for validating this hypothesis, whenever they provide individuals for an access to international adjudication. Notably, an international judge may ascertain the domestic legal reasons whereby the organs of a State have breached an international obligation. In determining whether and how a domestic power has been performed, or directly assessing its conformity with the international rule breached, the international judge not only assesses the domestic conduct which gave rise to the breach, but also pinpoints the legal consequences flowing from it. On the contrary, if the international sub-system does not provide for international adjudication, the interpretation of the international rule is completely left to the organs of the State, which can discretionally find its self-executing character after examining its structure. For instance, an international obligation of “progressive” realization or due diligence would difficulty be applied by the organs of the State. Moreover, in certain areas of international law, in particular in economic relations, States excludes the domestic application of the international rule, thereby reserving to them the power to manage, at the interstate level, their commitments
Sarzo, Matteo. "La struttura dell'obbligo internazionale e l'effetto diretto La structure de l'obligation internationale et l'effet direct." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423594.
Повний текст джерелаLa struttura dell’obbligazione internazionale, letta nell’ottica del suo effetto diretto è finora stata oggetto di una trattazione completa solo nei limiti di alcuni studi riguardanti i diritti umani. Il concetto di effetto diretto è generalmente inteso come il fatto che il giudice interno applichi, nel corso di un processo, la regola internazionale per risolvere la questione giuridica sottopostagli. In questo caso, una delle parti allega che la regola internazionale è stata violata nei propri confronti nella misura in cui essa impone agli organi statali di riconoscerle un vantaggio materiale. Questa interpretazione dell’effetto diretto, intesto nel senso di effetto processuale, spiega solo in parte l’interazione fra il diritto internazionale e il diritto interno. In effetti, gli organi statali tengono determinati comportamenti per raggiungere un risultato pratico, materiale, in virtù di una regola interna che conferisce loro il potere di agire. D’altronde, anche le obbligazioni internazionali prescrivono spesso la realizzazione di un evento materiale. Da quest’ottica, tutte le norme interne dovrebbero permettere agli organi di tenere dei comportamenti volti al conseguimento dell’effetto utile dell’obbligo internazionale. In tale aspetto si scorge il presupposto logico di funzionamento del diritto internazionale, che si pone come superiore all’ordinamento giuridico nazionale. D’altronde, tale conseguenza dipende anche dalla struttura dell’obbligo internazionale. Nel momento in cui esso è formulato come obbligo negativo o positivo, di diligenza o di risultato, immediato o soggetto a termine, altrettanto diverse saranno le ricadute applicative nel diritto interno e l’accertamento di una sua violazione. Può ad esempio accadere che l’obbligo internazionale primario impegni lo Stato a realizzare un vantaggio nei confronti di un singolo e, al tempo stesso, lasciare liberi gli Stati di gestire le conseguenze giuridiche di tale violazione nell’ordinamento internazionale. Questa sembra la regola nei casi in cui una specifica regola pattizia non attribuisca all’individuo leso un diritto d’azione per far constatare un’eventuale violazione di fronte a un giudice sovra statuale. Ciò può benissimo accadere tanto se l’obbligo internazionale tutela un diritto dell’uomo quanto nel caso in cui esso regoli rapporti economici. Rispetto a quest’ultimo ambito, si rivela l’essenza dell’effetto diretto, una volta messi a confronto i meccanismi del diritto dell’unione europea con i trattati che compongono l’OMC. Appare così evidente che gli Stati hanno voluto limitare gli effetti interni della norma internazionale, così riservandosi un ampio margine di discrezionalità per gestire fra loro l’adempimento dei trattati e le conseguenze che derivino dalla loro violazione.
Blécourt, Manon. "Réflexion sociologique sur des problèmes d’éducation, de l’apprentissage des normes et des valeurs à l’invention culturelle chez les enfants du primaire." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9159.
Повний текст джерелаDiscussing educational problems in sociology is difficult without once again defining expressions such as « socialisation », « norms », « values » and without considering the relationships between the past and the future nor questioning the sociologists’ role in society. Our work intends to expose the debates regarding these delicate questions while suggesting other ideas that may further develop the reflection on that matter. Thus, through a field study involving primary school children, we shall bring forth what we label as cultural issues which solving depends on the human innovation capacity. Considering unwholesome practices hazardous to innovation’s development, we shall reflect upon the conditions for the safeguard of the human social life.
Beaulieu, Solange. "La coédition franco-québécoise et ses conséquences sur les oeuvres de fiction publiées en traduction." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11103.
Повний текст джерелаThe copublishing of the translated version of literary books in Quebec and then distributed under a French publishing brand, is a practice used by editors to broaden the outreach of their books. The process of copublishing is carried out through various methods which tend to evolve in an unpredictable way : editors and translators make compromises about the target language in order to reach their cross-Atlantic markets. What is the nature of these compromises? Are they terminological, lexicographical, cultural or merely subjective? How are they perceived by translators and publishers? This essay explores these questions through the study of four cases of literary works copublished by publishers and literary translators from Quebec. The analysis demonstrates that these compromises, be they cultural or not, have little impact on the quality of French in the copublishing market, which is often in France. But they sometimes create a feeling of cultural dominance on the part of France. This discourse is however nuanced by the type of copublishing practice and the position occupied by translators within the publishing structure. A clearer framework for copublishing practices and a better status for the translator of literary works would contribute to mitigate some of the tensions related to copublishing.
Baridon, Anaïs. "L'intervention en contexte de réduction des méfaits et consommation de drogue : ethnographie des négociations morales des intervenantes d'un organisme communautaire." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21238.
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