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Статті в журналах з теми "Non-Standard timber architecture":
1
Parigi, Dario. "Minimal-waste design of timber layouts from non-standard reclaimed elements: A combinatorial approach based on structural reciprocity." International Journal of Space Structures 36, no. 4 (December 2021): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09560599211064091.
Анотація:
The use of timber allows reducing the environmental impact in the construction sector. However, as the demand for construction timber rises, the pressure on the world’s forest is increasing too. To maintain an adequate supply of timber from sustainable forests in the coming decades, the building industry must adopt practices that reduce the impact on forestry. Reuse is one of the principles of Circular Economy (CE). Among the technical challenges of reuse are the variability and the short size of the stock of elements coming either from demolition or from new construction, such as cut-offs and temporary scaffolding. This work presents a study for the design of structural configurations with short and non-regular sized elements that would normally be considered waste. The configurations are based on the principle of structural reciprocity and are generated by an optimization algorithm that allows minimizing the material waste and maximizing the stock elements use. A computational strategy based on the SPEA-II multi-objective method is employed for the investigation of optimal trade-offs between competing objective functions, such as structural lightness and optimal use of stock inventory. The goal of this work is demonstrating the feasibility of an industrial process, borrowing key elements from the Industry 4.0 paradigm, for a streamlined and economical production of standardized building components using non-standard reclaimed elements.
2
Kuda, Daniel, and Monika Petříčková. "Modular Timber Gridshells." Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 28, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.28.1.27617.
Анотація:
Needs of considering environmental impacts and growing emphasise on using renewable resources is discussed also in the field of architecture and construction. Timber, as a key element, provides certain benefits with less negative environmental impact than non-renewable resources, represented by commonly used materials (e.g. concrete). Nevertheless, using the timber as a core element for constructing of multi-storey or large hall buildings can be more difficult due to limits of the wood. New task for architects and engineers therefore arises and the target is to come up with a feasible solution for using the timber as a core material, despite its features. One of the key requirements for wide use of load bearing timber structure systems is “modularity”. Many different forms of structures can be achieved by repeating the basic module to fulfil architect’s intentions. This article focuses on a large-span structure, based on gridshell type systems. Such modules could be simply prefabricated and connected to another module. Modules can be pretty small, which contributes to easy and cost-effective transportation. Nevertheless, technical requirement and limitation of such modules needs to be taken into consideration. Problems come up with using the same universal element in parts of structure with different character of load and stress. Also, universal element should fulfil various space and form requirements set by architect. Suggested construction system is based on “fractality”. The goal of the system is to fulfil requirement of final structure and space requirements by replacing the standard module by a predetermined number of sub-modules. Structure is then denser in exposed areas and sparser in others. Design module is than expected to be tested and put into practice for wide usage in construction projects where wood is desired as the core material.
3
De Gregorio, Stefania. "Reuse process for timber elements to optimise residual performances in subsequent life cycles." VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability 7, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvioijats.2022.18809.
Анотація:
The reuse of wooden elements is a sustainable operation, which makes the best use of the material’s grey energy. Currently, structural timber from selective demolition is mainly used for non-structural functions, with a lowering of its performance, due to the lack of standard and specific regulation. In fact, the visual grading used to define the structural characteristics of wood does not evaluate information deriving from the previous life cycles of the component. In the paper, taking samples of rectangular timber elements from selective demolitions made in the Valencian Community, the structural values that are assigned by visual strength grading legislation were compared with the real resistance values identified by experimental analysis to verify their compliance. The verification showed that the visual grading is not able to optimize the performance of the timber element in its reuse. Therefore, the purpose of the research, illustrated in the paper, is to find a reuse process for structural wooden elements to enhance residual performances. The identified process introduces additional steps compared in the current visual grading, that include a consideration of the effective modalities of reuse evaluated according to the worst defects and information arising from previous life cycles.
4
De Gregorio, Stefania. "Reuse process for timber elements to optimise residual performances in subsequent life cycles." VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability 7, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2022.18809.
Анотація:
The reuse of wooden elements is a sustainable operation, which makes the best use of the material’s grey energy. Currently, structural timber from selective demolition is mainly used for non-structural functions, with a lowering of its performance, due to the lack of standard and specific regulation. In fact, the visual grading used to define the structural characteristics of wood does not evaluate information deriving from the previous life cycles of the component. In the paper, taking samples of rectangular timber elements from selective demolitions made in the Valencian Community, the structural values that are assigned by visual strength grading legislation were compared with the real resistance values identified by experimental analysis to verify their compliance. The verification showed that the visual grading is not able to optimize the performance of the timber element in its reuse. Therefore, the purpose of the research, illustrated in the paper, is to find a reuse process for structural wooden elements to enhance residual performances. The identified process introduces additional steps compared in the current visual grading, that include a consideration of the effective modalities of reuse evaluated according to the worst defects and information arising from previous life cycles.
5
Manojlović, Dragan, Andrija Rašeta, Vladimir Vukobratović, Arpad Čeh, Ljiljana Kozarić, Đorđe Jovanović, and Anka Starčev-Ćurčin. "Simulation of Load–Slip Capacity of Timber–Concrete Connections with Dowel-Type Fasteners." Buildings 13, no. 5 (April 28, 2023): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051171.
Анотація:
Quality assessment of stiffness and load-carrying capacity of composite connections is of great importance when it comes to designing timber–concrete composite structures. The new European regulation intended explicitly for timber–concrete structures has made a significant contribution to this field, considering that until today there was no adequate design standard. Due to the proposed general expressions for determining the stiffness and load-carrying capacity of composite connections made with dowel-type fasteners, which are incapable of describing most of the commonly applied fasteners, engineering, and scientific practice remained deprived of a quality assessment of the essential mechanical properties of the connection. In order to overcome this problem, this paper proposes a numerical model of the connection suitable for determining the whole load–slip curve, allowing it to estimate the stiffness and load-carrying capacity of the connection. The model was developed by considering the non-linear behavior of timber and fasteners, which is determined through simple experimental tests. For the numerical model validation, experimental tests were carried out at the level of the applied materials and on the models of the composite connection. Through numerical simulations, analysis of obtained results, and comparison with experimental values, it can be confirmed that it is possible to simulate the pronounced non-linear behavior of the timber–concrete connection using the proposed model. The estimated values of stiffness and load-carrying capacity are in agreement with the conducted experimental testing. At the same time, the deviations are much less than the ones obtained from recommendations given by the new regulation. Additionally, apart from evaluating the value and the simulation of the complete curve, it is possible to determine local effects, such as the crushing depth in timber and concrete, the fastener’s rotation, and the participation of forces in the final capacity of the connection.
6
Kauniste, Maarja, Alar Just, Eero Tuhkanen, and Targo Kalamees. "Assessment on Strength and Stiffness Properties of Aged Structural Timber." Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 34, no. 1 (February 19, 2024): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.34.1.35534.
Анотація:
Despite the growing popularity of wood and wood-based products in the construction industry, there has been insufficient focus on assessing the condition, preservation, and potential reuse of existing timber. While numerous standards evaluate the quality of freshly sawn timber, there is currently no standardized system for assessing the strength properties of aged and reused timber. The lack of these guidelines is also one of the reasons the results obtained in numerous research are often fluctuating, and we cannot draw clear conclusions. The matter is further complicated by the lack of data on old in-situ wood and its exploitation, which would help to evaluate its condition. Consequently, there is a real practical need to assess the condition of old timber to avoid unnecessary demolition and the loss of valuable and structurally sound building material. What sets this study apart from others is that, in addition to destructive testing, the 4-point non-destructive (ND) bending tests were conducted on all four faces of test specimens. This provided an opportunity to assess the wood visually and then find connections to associate external characteristics with real properties. This methodology aimed to determine whether it is feasible to visually assess the most practical way to use wooden elements in construction. If this question arises, which face of the beam would be better suited for the tension side and which for the compression side? The old timber used in testing originated from an old library building located on Vaksali Street, Tartu, Estonia and is estimated to be about 120 years old. This paper investigates and compares the collected data with a Nordic standard for grading fresh-sawn timber and two established Italian standards for visually assessing aged timber. This comparison contributes to developing a standardized framework for future visual assessments. ND and destructive four-point bending tests were performed to validate and find appropriate visual characteristics to determine the strength and stiffness of the timber elements. The primary goals of this study were first to compare the results obtained from existing ND methods with actual results and secondly to provide guidelines for better visual grading of wood in the future, based on Nordic Standard INSTA 142 (2010) and Italian standards UNI 11119 (2004) and UNI 11035 (2010) Contrary to previous research conclusions, the visual assessment results yielded unexpected outcomes. The results show that the grading standards significantly underestimated the real strength of the wood, and even more, none of the visual assessments overestimated the real strength of the specimens. Therefore, based on prior research and the findings derived from this study, there is evident a substantial potential for extensive development and optimization within this field.
7
Hall, M. "EXPLORING FRAMEWORKS FOR A HISTORY OF EARTH BUILDING IN AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 969–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-969-2020.
Анотація:
Abstract. Aotearoa New Zealand has a unique earth building heritage. For centuries, Māori used earth for floors and as a binder for fibrous walling materials. When settlers arrived in the nineteenth century, they brought earth building techniques with them, and in the early days of colonisation, earth buildings were commonplace. Many still survive, but as processed timber became readily available, building in earth declined; by the middle of the twentieth century it had almost ceased. Following renewed interest after World War Two, earth building continued into the twenty-first century, albeit as a non-standard form of construction. Databases compiled by Heritage New Zealand, Miles Allen, and the author, supplemented by accounts from a variety of sources, provide a relatively detailed record of earth buildings from all over Aotearoa but no cohesive history has yet been written. This paper considers possible approaches to writing such a history. Methodologies employed in local and international architectural histories are analysed, and a number of structural hierarchies are identified: for instance, Ronald Rael organises his material firstly by technique and then chronology in Earth Architecture, while Ted Howard uses location and then chronology for his Australasian history, Mud and Man. Information from New Zealand sources is then applied to these frameworks to arrive at an appropriate structural hierarchy for a complete history of earth building in Aotearoa.
8
Mazur, Łukasz, Olga Szlachetka, Katarzyna Jeleniewicz, and Michał Piotrowski. "External Wall Systems in Passive House Standard: Material, Thermal and Environmental LCA Analysis." Buildings 14, no. 3 (March 9, 2024): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030742.
Анотація:
The construction sector, a significant consumer of energy, possesses the potential to realize substantial environmental and economic advantages through the adoption of innovative technologies and design approaches. Notably, the Passive House standard, exemplified by energy-efficient single-family homes, emerges as a prominent solution. This study analyzes five external wall systems across multiple stages: (i) a literature review and examination of external wall techniques within the passive standard, utilizing the Passive House Database; (ii) a material and technological assessment of three wood-based and two masonry constructions; (iii) an in-depth thermal performance analysis of selected external partitions; and (iv) a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the external wall systems. Our findings indicate that among the single-family homes built to the passive standard, 50.94% utilized timber constructions, while 34.21% employed masonry. Thermal analysis revealed that the masonry wall, EW-M-01, exhibited superior thermal efficiency with a heat transfer coefficient (U-value) of 0.0889 W/m2K. Meanwhile, the wooden wall, EW-T-01, led its category with a U-value of 0.1000 W/m2K. The LCA highlighted that the wooden wall EW-T-02 presented the lowest integrated non-renewable energy demand (PENTR) at 425.70 MJ/kg and the most favorable Global Warming Potential (GWP), with a reduction of 55.51 kg CO2e. Conversely, the masonry wall EW-M-01 recorded the highest energy demand and CO2e emissions, at 780.96 MJ/kg and 90.59 kg CO2e, respectively. Water consumption was lowest for the EW-T-02 wooden wall (0.08 m3) and highest for the EW-M-02 masonry wall (0.19 m3). Conclusively, our analysis of passive house external walls demonstrates that wood-based systems offer superior performance in terms of materials, thermal efficiency, and LCA indicators, positioning them as the preferred option for sustainable passive construction.
9
Zhang, Hou Jiang, Lei Zhu, Yan Liang Sun, Xi Ping Wang, and Hai Cheng Yan. "Determining Modulus of Elasticity of Ancient Structural Timber." Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (March 2011): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.407.
Анотація:
During maintenance of ancient timber architectures, it is important to determine mechanical properties of the wood component materials non-destructively and effectively, so that degraded members may be replaced or repaired to avoid structural failure. Experimental materials are four larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr.) components, which were taken down from the drum-tower of Zhengjue Temple of Yuanmingyuan (Old Summer Palace), Beijing, China. The larch components were cut into standard specimens first, and then stress wave transmission times, resistograph and densities were tested. Product of resitograph and stress wave speed squared is defined as modulus of stress-resistograph. Comparing with the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the specimens tested by the traditional bending test method, it is found that there is a linear relationships between the modulus of stress-resistograph and modulus of elasticity (MOE), and the correlation coefficients are 0.7111. In order to better evaluate the modulus of elasticity (MOE) with the modulus of stress-resistograph, 95% confidence regression lines are suggested to be used for the future calculation.
10
Ferlini, Frederico, Laio Oriel Seman, and Eduardo Augusto Bezerra. "Enabling ISO 26262 Compliance with Accelerated Diagnostic Coverage Assessment." Electronics 9, no. 5 (April 29, 2020): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050732.
Анотація:
Modern vehicles are integrating a growing number of electronics to provide a safer experience for the driver. Therefore, safety is a non-negotiable requirement that must be considered through the vehicle development process. The ISO 26262 standard provides guidance to ensure that such requirements are implemented. Fault injection is highly recommended for the functional verification of safety mechanisms or to evaluate their diagnostic coverage capability. An exhaustive analysis is not required, but evidence of best effort through the diagnostic coverage assessment needs to be provided when performing quantitative evaluation of hardware architectural metrics. These metrics support that the automotive safety integrity level—ranging from A (lowest) to D (strictest) levels—was obeyed. In this context, this paper proposed a verification solution in order to build an approach that can accelerate the diagnostic coverage assessment via fault injection in the semiconductor level (i.e., hardware description language). The proposed solution does not require any modification of the design model to enable acceleration. Small parts of the OpenRISC architecture (namely a carry adder, the Tick Timer peripheral, and the exception block) were used to illustrate the methodology.
Дисертації з теми "Non-Standard timber architecture":
1
Fréchard, Victor. "Contribution à l’étude de l’utilisation de la Stratoconception® pour la conception et la fabrication de composants non-standards pour l’architecture en bois." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0006.
Анотація:
L’architecture non-standard en bois explore l’étendue des possibilités techniques et esthétiques pour de nouveaux usages répondant à des exigences fonctionnelles cohérentes avec les enjeux environnementaux, sociétaux et économiques contemporains. Récemment introduite dans le secteur de la construction, mais absente des pratiques de la construction en bois, la fabrication additive, qui regroupe un ensemble de procédés, étend les limites des moyens de fabrication conventionnels par la liberté formelle accrue et la multifonctionnalisation des composants architecturaux qu’elle permet. Le procédé de Stratoconception® présente un fort potentiel d’application pour le développement d’architectures et de composants non-standards en bois, présentant une forte capacité d’adaptation aux moyens techniques et matériels de la construction en bois. Le procédé de Stratoconception®, en architecture, se limite à la réalisation de maquettes et de prototypes de petites dimensions et ne s’applique pas, jusqu’à présent, à la conception et à la fabrication de composants fonctionnels à usage structurel de petites comme de grandes dimensions. L’utilisation de ce procédé pour la réalisation de prototypes ou d’outillages pour l’industrie implique que la conception du processus de fabrication par Stratoconception® est indépendante de la conception des objets eux-mêmes, destinés à être réalisés par d’autres procédés de fabrication, alors que l’architecture non-standard privilégie un renforcement du lien entre la conception architecturale et les techniques de fabrication. Ce travail présente les résultats d’expériences de « conception-fabrication » par Stratoconception® de composants architecturaux menées, qui forment, avec l’étude bibliographique menée, une base de connaissance, orientée vers des enjeux identifiés, des mécanismes, des problématiques et des limites de l’utilisation de la Stratoconception® dans les pratiques de l’architecture et la construction en bois. Ces expériences ont mis en évidence le manque de flexibilité et d’outils d’évaluation du processus de production de composants architecturaux par Stratoconception® ainsi que l’interdépendance entre la conception et la fabrication. Nous avons également identifier des opportunités d’applications du procédé pour la conception et la production de composants architecturaux non-standards, particulièrement les nœuds d’assemblages en bois de treillis tridimensionnels et les parois. Afin d’obtenir un processus de conception applicable dans les pratiques de l’architecture et de la construction en bois, nous introduisons une méthode de conception pour la fabrication additive par Stratoconception® intégrant les contraintes et les opportunités du procédé dès l’étape de conception de la géométrie de la pièce en favorisant une évolution itérative de cette conception, orientée par les résultats de moteurs d’évaluation accompagnant le concepteur vers des prises de décision cohérentes avec des critères définis. La méthode proposée, implémentée dans des outils d’aide à la conception, permet la mise en place d’une continuité informationnelle numérique liant une conception paramétrique à une fabrication numérique en orientant le concepteur vers des solutions respectant des critères de faisabilité et de rationalisation de la production dès la phase amont de la conception de la géométrie du composant architecturalNon-standard timber architecture explores the scope of technical and aesthetic opportunities for new uses that correspond to functional requirements consistent with contemporary environmental, social and economic issues. Recently adopted by the construction industry, but absent from the timber construction practices, additive manufacturing, which brings a range of processes, extends the existing limitations of the subtractive and formatting manufacturing methods in the ability to produce complex shapes and multi-functionalized architectural components. The Stratoconception® process shares the technical and material means of the timber construction industry and presents a great potential to be implemented in the common practices to develop non-standard timber architecture and components. In architecture, the Stratoconception® process is limited to the production of small-scale models and prototypes and has not yet been applied to the design and the manufacturing of functional components, used for structural purposes, in either small or large dimensions. The use of this process to produce prototypes or tooling for the industry implies that the Stratoconception® manufacturing process design is independent of the design of the objects themselves, which are intended to be produced by other manufacturing processes, whereas non-standard architecture tends to strengthen the link between the architectural design and the manufacturing techniques. This work presents the results of Stratoconception® “design to manufacturing” experiences carried out on architectural components. These experiences, combined with the bibliographical study, constitute a knowledge base, oriented towards the issues, the mechanisms, the problems and the limits identified of the use of Stratoconception® in architecture and timber construction practices. These experiences have highlighted the lack of flexibility and development of evaluation tools of the Stratoconception® production process of architectural components, as well as the interdependence between design and manufacturing. We have also identified the opportunities to apply the process to the design and the production of non-standard architectural components, especially the timber assembly of the gridshell or lattice structures and the walls. To achieve a design process that can be applied in the timber architecture and construction practices, we introduce a design for additive manufacturing by Stratoconception® method, that integrates the constraints and the opportunities of the process right from the part geometry design stage and fosters the iterative evolution of the design, guided by the results of evaluation engines that support the designer in his decision-making. The proposed method, implemented in design support tools, creates a digital information continuum that connects parametric design to digital manufacturing, guiding the designer towards solutions that meet feasibility and production rationalization criteria right from the early design phase of the architectural component’s geometry
2
Gámez, Bohórquez Oscar. "Fab-Cell : outil d'aide à la conception de parois non standards en bois." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0053/document.
Анотація:
L’intégration du langage informatique dans l’architecture et l’ingénierie a commencé dès les années 1960, mais a connu un réel essor dans les années 1990. Les outils de modélisation ont alors progressivement fait émerger une nouvelle architecture. Tout d’abord baptisée « architecture blob », on lui a ensuite attribué le nom de « blobisme » et ses dérivés sont aujourd’hui appelés « architecture non standard ». Au cours de la dernière décennie, certains chercheurs comme Mario Carpo ou praticiens comme Patrick Schumacher ont introduit les termes de « paramétrisme », « customisation de masse », et « architecture non standard » pour définir ces nouvelles constructions complexes. Elles ne sont pas nécessairement savantes, mais ont été conçues grâce à des outils numériques et réalisées avec des méthodes de fabrication digitales. Cette thèse prend appui sur le postulat qu’une approche non standard dans un projet est loin de se résumer à une démarche purement plastique ou fonctionnelle : elle est destinée à produire des objets constructibles. Le domaine d’étude est celui des murs et enveloppes construites en bois et plus particulièrement les parois de type cellulaire. Ce travail inclut donc un outil paramétrique d’aide à la conception (ACPT, Aided-Conception Parametric Tool) et à la fabrication qui peut accompagner les concepteurs dans l’exploration de solutions non-standards pour des problèmes architecturaux spécifiques Cet outil paramétrique et intégré s’appuie sur une modélisation géométrique et technique des parois murales et des différents dispositifs cellulaires qui les composent. L’approche paramétrique autorise le développement de nombreuses variantes morphologiques. Sa dimension intégrée permet la production et l’optimisation des données tant topologiques que constructives. La production grandeur nature d’une paroi réalisée par un robot de coupe a servi de cadre expérimental pour démontrer les potentialités de notre approche mais aussi en identifier les difficultés. Les améliorations effectuées ont conduit à produire une série de clusters (groupes de fonctions) pour Rhinoceros-Grasshopper (RGH) qui ont permis de mettre en oeuvre la première version opérationnelle de cet outil, baptisée Fab-CellThe integration of computing language into architecture and engineering has been present since the 1960s but it only proved practical by the 1990s when modeling tools started to participate in an architectural shift that has conceptually mutated through the years. By then, the trend was called “blob architecture” and thirteen years ago, trends succeeding “blobism” were named as non-standard architecture. In the last ten years, academicians like Mario Carpo and practitioners such as Patrick Schumacher nested the terms parametricism, mass customization, and nonstandard architecture to define those complex –not necessarily complicated architectures created by using of digital tools and aided-manufacturing methods. This thesis is underpinned on the fact that using the non-standard approach in any architectural project needs more than just a plastic or functional intention but the means to translate that intention into actual buildable objects. The aims of this study are therefore oriented towards architectural elements using cellular-like patterns as morphologic resource. This work brings up an Aided-Conception Parametric Tool (ACPT) that actually helps designers to explore non-standard solutions to specific architectural problems regarding timber-built walls and envelopes. This ACPT is meant then to succeed architectural intentions in which geometric patterns –as morphologic modifiers- are used to provide walls and envelopes with a particular language (a cellular structure) that might require morphologic form searching (Carpo, 2015a) and topologic optimization by means of parametric generative modeling. The previously mentioned aims were validated by means of a full-scale prototyping exercise in which the first version of the ACPT is tested. Furthermore A series of modeling improvements regarding pattern generation, jointing calculation and fabrication simulation, helped fixing the difficulties found during the first validation stage in order to produce a set of Rhinoceros-Grasshopper (RGH) functional clusters that embody the early operational state of this ACPT called Fab-Cell
3
Gámez, Bohórquez Oscar. "Fab-Cell : outil d'aide à la conception de parois non standards en bois." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0053.
Анотація:
L’intégration du langage informatique dans l’architecture et l’ingénierie a commencé dès les années 1960, mais a connu un réel essor dans les années 1990. Les outils de modélisation ont alors progressivement fait émerger une nouvelle architecture. Tout d’abord baptisée « architecture blob », on lui a ensuite attribué le nom de « blobisme » et ses dérivés sont aujourd’hui appelés « architecture non standard ». Au cours de la dernière décennie, certains chercheurs comme Mario Carpo ou praticiens comme Patrick Schumacher ont introduit les termes de « paramétrisme », « customisation de masse », et « architecture non standard » pour définir ces nouvelles constructions complexes. Elles ne sont pas nécessairement savantes, mais ont été conçues grâce à des outils numériques et réalisées avec des méthodes de fabrication digitales. Cette thèse prend appui sur le postulat qu’une approche non standard dans un projet est loin de se résumer à une démarche purement plastique ou fonctionnelle : elle est destinée à produire des objets constructibles. Le domaine d’étude est celui des murs et enveloppes construites en bois et plus particulièrement les parois de type cellulaire. Ce travail inclut donc un outil paramétrique d’aide à la conception (ACPT, Aided-Conception Parametric Tool) et à la fabrication qui peut accompagner les concepteurs dans l’exploration de solutions non-standards pour des problèmes architecturaux spécifiques Cet outil paramétrique et intégré s’appuie sur une modélisation géométrique et technique des parois murales et des différents dispositifs cellulaires qui les composent. L’approche paramétrique autorise le développement de nombreuses variantes morphologiques. Sa dimension intégrée permet la production et l’optimisation des données tant topologiques que constructives. La production grandeur nature d’une paroi réalisée par un robot de coupe a servi de cadre expérimental pour démontrer les potentialités de notre approche mais aussi en identifier les difficultés. Les améliorations effectuées ont conduit à produire une série de clusters (groupes de fonctions) pour Rhinoceros-Grasshopper (RGH) qui ont permis de mettre en oeuvre la première version opérationnelle de cet outil, baptisée Fab-CellThe integration of computing language into architecture and engineering has been present since the 1960s but it only proved practical by the 1990s when modeling tools started to participate in an architectural shift that has conceptually mutated through the years. By then, the trend was called “blob architecture” and thirteen years ago, trends succeeding “blobism” were named as non-standard architecture. In the last ten years, academicians like Mario Carpo and practitioners such as Patrick Schumacher nested the terms parametricism, mass customization, and nonstandard architecture to define those complex –not necessarily complicated architectures created by using of digital tools and aided-manufacturing methods. This thesis is underpinned on the fact that using the non-standard approach in any architectural project needs more than just a plastic or functional intention but the means to translate that intention into actual buildable objects. The aims of this study are therefore oriented towards architectural elements using cellular-like patterns as morphologic resource. This work brings up an Aided-Conception Parametric Tool (ACPT) that actually helps designers to explore non-standard solutions to specific architectural problems regarding timber-built walls and envelopes. This ACPT is meant then to succeed architectural intentions in which geometric patterns –as morphologic modifiers- are used to provide walls and envelopes with a particular language (a cellular structure) that might require morphologic form searching (Carpo, 2015a) and topologic optimization by means of parametric generative modeling. The previously mentioned aims were validated by means of a full-scale prototyping exercise in which the first version of the ACPT is tested. Furthermore A series of modeling improvements regarding pattern generation, jointing calculation and fabrication simulation, helped fixing the difficulties found during the first validation stage in order to produce a set of Rhinoceros-Grasshopper (RGH) functional clusters that embody the early operational state of this ACPT called Fab-Cell
Частини книг з теми "Non-Standard timber architecture":
1
Luo, Dan, Joseph M. Gattas, and Poah Shiun Shawn Tan. "Real-Time Defect Recognition and Optimized Decision Making for Structural Timber Jointing." In Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES, 36–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_4.
Анотація:
AbstractNon-structural or out-of-grade timber framing material contains a large proportion of visual and natural defects. A common strategy to recover usable material from these timbers is the marking and removing of defects, with the generated intermediate lengths of clear wood then joined into a single piece of full-length structural timber. This paper presents a novel workflow that uses machine learning based image recognition and a computational decision-making algorithm to enhance the automation and efficiency of current defect identification and re-joining processes. The proposed workflow allows the knowledge of worker to be translated into a classifier that automatically recognizes and removes areas of defects based on image capture. In addition, a real-time optimization algorithm in decision making is developed to assign a joining sequence of fragmented timber from a dynamic inventory, creating a single piece of targeted length with a significant reduction in material waste. In addition to an industrial application, this workflow also allows for future inventory-constrained customizable fabrication, for example in production of non-standard architectural components or adaptive reuse or defect-avoidance in out-of-grade timber construction.
2
Brehm, N., D. Lübke, and J. Gómez. "Federated Enterprise Resource Planning Systems." In Handbook of Enterprise Systems Architecture in Practice, 290–305. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-189-6.ch017.
Анотація:
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems consist of many software components, which provide specific functionality. As ERP systems become more complex, the financial expenditures that are associated with the application of such systems dramatically increase. Furthermore, ERP system development of nowadays is product-oriented and coordinated by only one instance at any one time. Consequently, each product has a separate data model, which is the basis for the integration of various types of business applications. Based on this fact, the selection of the covered functional enterprise sectors as well as the implemented functions is controlled by the respective vendor, too. Thus, enhancements and modifications of the standard software product are incumbent upon the software vendors. A cross-vendor standardization of data models for ERP systems and the establishment of unified architectural model, however, would change this situation. The new idea is to develop a novel ERP system architecture, which facilitates an overall reusability of individual business components (BC) through a shared and non-monolithic architecture based on Web services. The presented approach uses Web services to wrap up ERP components that are provided within a distributed system, which appears as an ERP community and serves as a vendor-independent platform.
3
Ma, Maode, and Jinchang Lu. "QoS Support Mechanisms in WiMAX." In Wireless Network Traffic and Quality of Service Support, 330–46. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-771-8.ch013.
Анотація:
Quality of service (QoS) provisioning is an important issue in the deployment of broadband wireless access networks e.g. WiMAX (IEEE Std 802.16-2004, 2004) networks with real-time and non-real-time traffic integrated. To design a QoS support framework tailored for WiMAX networks is more challenge as wireless channel has unique characteristics such as time-varying channel and limited channel capacity. This chapter presents various QoS support mechanisms in WiMAX networks. Existing proposals with the state-of-the-art technology have been classified into three main categories: QoS support architecture, bandwidth management mechanism, and packet scheduling schemes. Representative schemes from each of the categories have been evaluated with respect to major distinguishing characteristics of the WiMAX MAC layer and PHY layer as specified in the IEEE 802.16d standard. Suggestions and research trends on QoS support in WiMAX networks are highlighted.
4
Kherwa, Pooja, Sonali Singh, Saheel Ahmed, Pranay Berry, and Sahil Khurana. "Articulated Human Pose Estimation Using Greedy Approach." In Artificial Intelligence. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99354.
Анотація:
The goal of this Chapter is to introduce an efficient and standard approach for human pose estimation. This approach is based on a bottom up parsing technique which uses a non-parametric representation known as Greedy Part Association Vector (GPAVs), generates features for localizing anatomical key points for individuals. Taking leaf out of existing state of the art algorithm, this proposed algorithm aims to estimate human pose in real time and optimize its results. This approach simultaneously detects the key points on human body and associates them by learning the global context. However, In order to operate this in real environment where noise is prevalent, systematic sensors error and temporarily crowded public could pose a challenge, an efficient and robust recognition would be crucial. The proposed architecture involves a greedy bottom up parsing that maintains high accuracy while achieving real time performance irrespective of the number of people in the image.
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Serugendo, Giovanna Di Marzo, Jose Luis Fernandez-Marquez, and Francesco Luca De Angelis. "Engineering Spatial Services." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing, 136–59. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6178-3.ch006.
Анотація:
A new category of services based on data propagation among mobile devices is evolving. Traditionally, distributed applications are engineered on top of a mobile infrastructure in an ad hoc manner that does not conform to standard software engineering practices, such as modularization and reuse. Furthermore, current service-oriented approaches are not suited to this new generation of services that are dispersed on diffused Clouds, are subjected to dynamicity in the underlying mobile and computing infrastructures, and are required to handle time-related and space-related data. This chapter describes the notion of Spatial Services and delineates the design of these services and applications using self-organizing services that implement the active tuple space model inspired by chemical reactions. It explores the spontaneous self-composition of services, self-management of non-functional aspects, and separation of concerns to guarantee specified quality of service. The chapter presents an architectural style and describes execution models to implement such services.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Non-Standard timber architecture":
1
Gray, Ian, and Neil C. Audsley. "Exposing non-standard architectures to embedded software using compile-time virtualisation." In the 2009 international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1629395.1629417.
2
Atta-Konadu, Rodney, Sherman Y. T. Lang, Peter Orban, and Chris Zhang. "Performance Evaluation of a Distributed Reconfigurable Controller Architecture for Robotic Applications." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81619.
Анотація:
Recent research in controller architecture has had some focus on reconfigurability and associated concepts such as modularity and openness. These paradigms advocate non-proprietary components such as commercial off-the-shelves (COTS) with standard interconnection interfaces. The tradeoffs of such a controller architecture are performance challenges such as network-induced delays and synchronization problems, especially where non-real time entities such as Ethernet are involved. In our quest to address some of these challenges we have developed a modular control architecture for machine and robotic control as a test platform. The advantage of this architecture is cost-effectiveness and openness, achieved through the use of COTS components. Each machine axis is controlled by a real-time Java micro-controller and all the controllers communicate through a switched-Ethernet communication network. The architecture is designed to support reconfiguration of both hardware and software resources by the use of modularity and service-discovery protocols in the software and hardware design. Therefore devices such as axes and sensors may be reorganized, removed or added easily. Our research presents performance results and applications typical of industrial or real life for our control architecture. The performance criteria analyzed include network delays, synchronization resolutions and error analyses.
3
Skvarc Bozic, Gasper, Ibai Irigoyen Ceberio, Matthias Ernst, and Albrecht Mayer. "A New Generation Automotive Tool Access Architecture for Remote in-Field Diagnosis." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0848.
Анотація:
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Software complexity of vehicles is constantly growing especially with additional autonomous driving features being introduced. This increases the risk for bugs in the system, when the car is delivered. According to a car manufacturer, more than 90% of availability problems corresponding to Electronic Control Unit (ECU) functionality are either caused by software bugs or they can be resolved by applying software updates to overcome hardware issues. The main concern are sporadic errors which are not caught during the development phase since their trigger condition is too unlikely to occur or is not covered by the tests. For such systems, there is a need of safe and secure infield diagnosis. In this paper we present a tool software architecture with remote access, which facilitates standard read/write access, an efficient channel interface for communication and file I/O, and continuous trace. This enables the remote access of latest automotive Microcontroller Units (MCUs)’ trace systems, which provide non-intrusive system observation without compromising safety, security, or real-time performance. The tool access architecture is designed such that the physical interface is agnostic for the tool. A target can be connected with any standard tool interface as well as with Ethernet. With today’s increased silicon performance, Ethernet can be a viable option as tool interface, from development to the field. The implementation includes an agent firmware that can either run on an application core or as a sand-boxed sub-task of the security core. With the next generation vehicles’ E/E architectures moving towards an Ethernet backbone, this gives developers an option to include remote access to target systems without additional tool hardware.</div></div>
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Debernardi, Pierre, Marco Fasolini, and Fabio Ferrara. "Enhancing the safety and the availability of wheel slide protection function for railways applications." In EuroBrake 2022. FISITA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/eb2022-ibc-009.
Анотація:
"In the European railways market, the Wheel Slide Protection (WSP) function is regulated by the EN 15595 standard. This standard defines the basic features of the Wheel Slide Protection function and introduces the requirements for a watchdog (safety timer) functionality that prevents unwanted and extended reduction of brake effort, especially (but not exclusively), during an emergency braking activation. The typical WSP architectures developed according to this standard perform this safety timer function by means of an electronic hardware timer that counts the time during which the WSP electro-pneumatic valves are energized by the WSP control software, and forces the de-energization of these valves, thus disabling the WSP control function, when this time exceeds a given threshold. Once the timer has expired and has triggered the de-energization of the WSP valves, this state can be changed, and WSP control can be re-enabled, only if specific conditions are fulfilled, such as that the train has come to a full stop. These architectures, although widely deployed by all brake system suppliers for all the types of rolling stock, have in the recent years generated concerns about their safety integrity, because of the potential for the WSP control software to spuriously interrupt the hardware timer counting or to unduly reset the hardware timer after its triggering and before the system reaches a true “safe state”. This paper describes a solution to enhance the safety, yet improving the availability, of the WSP function by means of an electronic system developed with adequate Safety Integrity Level (SIL) that can be introduced in the traditional WSP architecture, offering an additional and independent safety barrier against a potentially unsafe behaviour of the WSP control software. The present paper describes the use of a supervising device, named WSP Supervisor, arranged to monitor the behaviour of the associated WSP system and, through direct or indirect actions on the timer devices of said WSP system, to increase its overall safety level, so that it can reach the expected safety integrity for a brake system during the emergency braking phase. The WSP Supervisor is arranged to: acquire the instantaneous linear speeds of the associated train axles and compare such instantaneous speeds with the linear reference speed of the railway vehicle monitor the state of the braking pressure available to the brake actuators Based on the above-mentioned inputs, the WSP Supervisor determines, for each axle in sliding phase, whether the WSP control software is working in a safe manner or not, depending on pre-determined operating conditions, and to cut-off the WSP control software when it is deemed to be working in an unsafe manner. Moreover, the WSP Supervisor can maintain or increase the preloaded time value for the safety timer associated with each axle when the WSP control software is deemed to be working properly, with the aim of fully “using” the available adhesion between wheel and rail to improve the braking performance. To guarantee an adequate safety integrity of the brake system especially during the emergency braking phase, the WSP Supervisor shall be developed with a Safety Integrity Level (SIL) 4 according to the standards EN50128/EN50657 and EN50129 respectively for its software and hardware. This invention introduces a high safety integrity calculator in traditional WSP architectures, that are typically designed to reach a maximum SIL2 integrity level, and revolutionize the way in which the WSP safety timer is performed, moving from a “non-intelligent”, purely hardware-based, safety timer to an intelligent safety timer function that has the technologies and the means to maximize the performance adapting the safety timer to the real conditions of the train (axle inertia) and the rail (available adhesion). This invention will bring the following benefits for future beneficiaries: Increased safety of the braking system, with reduced efforts in the Train Acceptance and Homologation phases Ensure an optimized availability of the WSP function, thus reducing the occurrence of wheel flats, with consequent wheel re-profiling Possibility to integrate the WSP Supervisor into existing WSP systems, with minimal integration and installation constraints "
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Moreira, Fernanda, Antonio Nogueira, Hilma Santos, Amilton Arruda, and Elton Cristóvão. "Eco parametric architecture: circular design & digital fabrication." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003359.
Анотація:
New design concepts and paradigms enable innovations that not only apply to the technological environment, but also result in great opportunities to generate relevant social impacts. A good example is the use of creative tools for adaptability of buildings, such as Biomimicry that makes it possible to bring inspiration from nature to inspire new ideas. The circular economy is a model that combines economic development with responsible use of natural resources and minimizes environmental impact. It reinserts waste back into the production process, using it as raw material for new products and reducing the volume of waste that reaches nature. On the other hand, digital manufacturing allows the production of non-standard construction components through parametric modeling, and additive or subtractive manufacturing. This optimizes production time and allows new compositional configurations without wasting resources. In this context, Biodesign principles are a viable and effective option. Thereby, this article intends to reflect on the architecture of popular housing, making the interaction between the concepts of the biodesign with the technological resources and the new paradigms already mentioned, resulting in something that we can classify as eco-parametric architecture. For this purpose, we will analyze the social context of the residents of the city of Recife, Brazil. Thus, in order to reflect on how the design professional can contribute to solve the lack of housing that persists for decades, this article intends to propose a concept of eco-parametric architecture for low-income housing that involves such innovations.
6
Ma, Yuqing, Xianglong Liu, Shihao Bai, Lei Wang, Dailan He, and Aishan Liu. "Coarse-to-Fine Image Inpainting via Region-wise Convolutions and Non-Local Correlation." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/433.
Анотація:
Recently deep neural networks have achieved promising performance for filling large missing regions in image inpainting tasks. They usually adopted the standard convolutional architecture over the corrupted image, where the same convolution filters try to restore the diverse information on both existing and missing regions, and meanwhile ignores the long-distance correlation among the regions. Only relying on the surrounding areas inevitably leads to meaningless contents and artifacts, such as color discrepancy and blur. To address these problems, we first propose region-wise convolutions to locally deal with the different types of regions, which can help exactly reconstruct existing regions and roughly infer the missing ones from existing regions at the same time. Then, a non-local operation is introduced to globally model the correlation among different regions, promising visual consistency between missing and existing regions. Finally, we integrate the region-wise convolutions and non-local correlation in a coarse-to-fine framework to restore semantically reasonable and visually realistic images. Extensive experiments on three widely-used datasets for image inpainting tasks have been conducted, and both qualitative and quantitative experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches, especially for the large irregular missing regions.
7
Cotrim, Lucas P., Alex S. Huang, Gustavo A. Bisinotto, Rodrigo Da S. Cunha, Rodrigo A. Barreira, Anna H. R. Costa, Edson S. Gomi, and Eduardo A. Tannuri. "Combining Model-Based and Data-Driven Methods to Estimate the Roll Motion of a Spread-Moored FPSO." In ASME 2023 42nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2023-102044.
Анотація:
Abstract The roll motion of a Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) unit has complex interactions that are difficult to be modeled precisely: non-linear damping depending on the motion amplitude and velocity and influence of the mooring lines forces, for example. In order to improve the estimation of the roll motion of an FPSO, a new model is proposed combining the already established physics model with a regression neural network developed to calculate the residue between the physics model and the vessel’s actual measured motions. More specifically, the regression neural network corrects the maximum roll amplitude and its standard deviation obtained from a time domain simulation of the physics model. This study considers a typical spread-moored FPSO located offshore on the Brazilian coast. The physics model considers the 6 degrees of freedom dynamics of a floating body subject to different drafts, mooring lines and environmental forces (wind, current, waves). A conventional Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network is trained with data from more than 44,000 samples taken from actual environmental conditions and corresponding measurements of the platform roll motion between the years 2007 and 2014. The resulting hybrid physics-MLP model receives as input the environmental conditions and the FPSO draft, executes a 1-hour simulation of the physics model, derives the maximum roll amplitude and its standard deviation, and then the MLP compensates for the expected residue of the physics model. By adding information from real measurements to the mathematical model, the previously non-modeled effects are now considered. The present paper concludes that the hybrid architecture combining a physics-based model and an MLP has improved the estimation of the roll motion, correcting the overdamping previously observed.
8
Kraft, Benjamin, Edgar Zaunick, Johannes Löhr, Patrick Bergner, Domenico Reggio, Jerome Bourdon, and Georg Wiedermann. "AstroBus NEO - A Flexible Satellite Platform Product for Earth Observation Missions." In ESA 12th International Conference on Guidance Navigation and Control and 9th International Conference on Astrodynamics Tools and Techniques. ESA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa-gnc-icatt-2023-183.
Анотація:
Modern satellite missions require a flexible platform covering a wide range of missions from small to large satellites, optical to radar instruments with precise pointing performance or agility needs, for institutional and commercial customers. This flexibility is key, not only to allow for efficient re-use of existing architectures, but also to enable efficient adaptations instead of instantiating several rigid product lines with different solutions to maintain. In the context of Europe’s Copernicus missions, a common platform has been established based on the AstroBus standard developed by Airbus Defence and Space. The newest evolution, called the AstroBus Neo platform, complies with latest operational standards and state-of-the art AOCS architectures and algorithms, which makes use of modular building blocks and well established processes for avionics development. This paper will present the AstroBus mission perimeter, the AOCS architecture and indicate the modular approach and associated processes. It demonstrates mission capabilities in terms of orbit range, mode architecture and equipment architecture. The key elements of the AstroBus product are its modularity and its sophisticated tool chain, the Functional AOCS Multipurpose Environment (FAME). It is implemented in Matlab/Simulink. Depending on the mission dependant needs, equipment and AOCS related functionalities can be selected from a product catalogue. It is used to automatically generate a project specific instantiation of the AOCS algorithm and its associated simulation environment. Based on the project instantiation, which is embedded within FAME, the C-code of the AOCS algorithm can be automatically generated from the Matlab/Simulink implementation and directly integrated in the Central Software. Items needed by Functional Verification and Data Base, e. g. parameter files for the real-time simulator, software and operations related documents, are also included in the Auto-Coding process. Quality is ensured by applying automatic check routines already during early implementation phase. Results of the checks and the maturity status of the algorithms can be automatically documented and reported to the quality assurance engineer. The FAME also includes a tool chain to generate test documentation for functional and performance verification. Due to the high level of automation, the effort to perform deliveries to other disciplines is very limited, which makes the process perfectly suitable for agile development. Furthermore, the environment and the process allows a high level of flexibility to react on special project specific needs. Improvements made in projects flow back to the product such that other project can profit. The process also allows incremental deliveries. Another advantage of the high level of automation is a stable quality and reliability of all deliverable items. AstroBus Neo is the backbone for the common platform development in the frame of the ESA Copernicus missions CRISTAL and LSTM. The satellites have a distinctive difference in satellite shape, mass and orbit, driven by two completely different instrument types and performance needs. Nevertheless they share a large common core in terms of AOCS operations and algorithms in order that they can be operated with the same look and feel from Ground. The common core is enhanced by specific building blocks from the AstroBus Neo catalogue, e.g. to satisfy (dedicated) attitude performance needs by enhanced filtering algorithms and an unconditional live pointing antenna pointing mechanism guidance on LSTM, or a dedicated Earth Pointing Safe Mode Option for CRISTAL to cope with a drifting orbit. Upcoming missions demand for target-based observations with high resolution sensors and usually smaller fields of views. This requires fast platform attitude changes towards and during data-takes: The steering of body-fixed instruments (e.g. radar or optical) on specific attitude trajectories during data-takes and slews of minimal duration in-between emerges imposes a whole set of additional requirements on the product. The modularity of the AstroBus Neo product enables the native extension of the existing mode-diagram to agile missions, maintaining the existing capabilities of the product catalogue for non-agile operation, like station keeping or safe-mode options. The agile extension of the AstroBus Neo product will be generic and usable for different types of steerings, slew methods, actuators and their configurations.
9
Malik, Tahir Nadeem, Aftab Ahmad, and Shahab Khushnood. "Economic Dispatch Using Genetic Algorithm Based Hybrid Approach." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89805.
Анотація:
Power Economic Dispatch (ED) is vital and essential daily optimization procedure in the system operation. Present day large power generating units with multi-valves steam turbines exhibit a large variation in the input-output characteristic functions, thus non-convexity appears in the characteristic curves. Various mathematical and optimization techniques have been developed, applied to solve economic dispatch (ED) problem. Most of these are calculus-based optimization algorithms that are based on successive linearization and use the first and second order differentiations of objective function and its constraint equations as the search direction. They usually require heat input, power output characteristics of generators to be of monotonically increasing nature or of piecewise linearity. These simplifying assumptions result in an inaccurate dispatch. Genetic algorithms have used to solve the economic dispatch problem independently and in conjunction with other AI tools and mathematical programming approaches. Genetic algorithms have inherent ability to reach the global minimum region of search space in a short time, but then take longer time to converge the solution. GA based hybrid approaches get around this problem and produce encouraging results. This paper presents brief survey on hybrid approaches for economic dispatch, an architecture of extensible computational framework as common environment for conventional, genetic algorithm & hybrid approaches based solution for power economic dispatch, the implementation of three algorithms in the developed framework. The framework tested on standard test systems for its performance evaluation.
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Ortega, Arturo, Ausberto Rivera, Ole Jørgen Nydal, and Carl M. Larsen. "On the Dynamic Response of Flexible Risers Caused by Internal Slug Flow." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83316.
Анотація:
Slug flow through flexible risers is a frequent phenomenon which occurs during production of a mixture of oil and gas. The dynamic nature of the slug pattern induces time varying forces, which leads to structural vibrations of the riser. These vibrations can produce large deflections and stresses, which can leave it to fail by fatigue, excessive bending or local buckling. In this work the influence from slug flow on the structural dynamic response of a lazy wave flexible riser is analyzed using a computational tool consisting of one program for calculation of slug flow dynamics, and another program for structural dynamic response. Both programs apply a time integration method, and since slug flow will lead to dynamic motion response of the riser, and riser motion dynamics will influence slug flow dynamics, the two codes need to exchange information during the integration process. Information exchange is established by making a federation based on High Level Architecture (HLA). The federation is composed of SLUGIT and RISANANL. SLUGGIT is a two-phase flow code written in C++ which simulates dynamic slug flow through pipes and riser using a Lagrangian tracking model. RISANANL is a FORTRAN program for static and dynamic structural analysis of slender marine structures based on a finite element formulation. Using the HLA standard these two programs can carry out synchronized time integration and exchange information for each time step. In this work the structural analysis code accomplishes the dynamic response using a linear finite element (FE) formulation. Hence, forces from centripetal acceleration of the internal flow, relative velocity between the riser and surrounding water, and varying gravity of the pipe and content will be accounted for in the dynamic analysis. Displacements, stresses, internal pressure, and outlet flow rates of liquid and gas will be accounted for. The results encourage us to carry out a fully non-linear finite element analysis, in order to have a better understanding of the dynamic behaviour of flexible risers undergoing an unsteady internal two-phase flow.