Готові списки джерел за темами / Non-sentential

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Non-sentential"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Non-sentential"

1

Stainton, Robert J. "Non-sentential assertions and semantic ellipsis." Linguistics and Philosophy 18, no. 3 (June 1995): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00985446.

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2

Allott, Nicholas, and Benjamin Shaer. "Some linguistic properties of legal notices." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 58, no. 1 (March 2013): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100002516.

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AbstractIn this article, we consider legal notices of various forms, including imperative, indicative, and non-sentential. We argue that these convey various illocutionary forces depending on their particular content. In particular, those that prohibit actions — unlike laws that do so — typically have “directive” illocutionary force, with different linguistic classes of legal notices achieving this force through different means, given their distinct linguistic properties. We propose a “bare phrase” treatment of non-sentential notices, whereby these are underlyingly and not just superficially non-sentential; and a semantic treatment in terms of Discourse Representation Theory, which perspicuously describes their contribution to interpretation. Finally, we argue that assigning such sparse syntactic and semantic representations to non-sentential notices has conceptual and empirical advantages over analyses that posit richer underlying structure, capturing a broader range of data, including patterns involving default case and the absence of articles, and minimizing the need to posit linguistic ambiguity.
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3

Progovac, Ljiljana. "Non-sentential vs. Ellipsis Approaches: Review and Extensions." Language and Linguistics Compass 7, no. 11 (November 2013): 597–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.12044.

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4

GINZBURG, JONATHAN, and DIMITRA KOLLIAKOU. "Answers without questions: The emergence of fragments in child language." Journal of Linguistics 45, no. 3 (September 30, 2009): 641–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226709990053.

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Анотація:
Non-sentential utterances (NSUs), utterances that lack an overt verbal (more generally predicative) constituent, are common in adult speech. This paper presents the results of a corpus study of the emergence of certain classes of NSUs in child language, based primarily on data from the Manchester Corpus from CHILDES. Our principal finding is the late short query effect: the main classes of non-sentential queries (NSQs) are acquired much later than non-sentential answers (NSAs). At a stage when the child has productive use of sentential queries, and has mastered elliptical declaratives and the polar lexemes ‘yes’ and ‘no’, non-sentential questions are virtually absent. This happens despite the fact that such questions are common in the speech of the child's caregivers and that the contexts are ones which should facilitate the production of such NSUs. We argue that these results are intrinsically problematic for analyses of NSUs in terms of a single, generalized mechanism of phonological reduction, as standard in generative grammar. We show how to model this effect within an approach of dialogue-oriented constructionism, wherein NSUs are grammatical words or constructions whose main predicate is a contextual parameter resolved in a manner akin to indexical terms, the relevant aspect of context being the discourse topic. We sketch an explanation for the order of acquisition of NSUs, based on a notion which combines accessibility of contextual parameters and complexity of content construction.
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5

Lam, Chit Fung, and Stephen Matthews. "Inter-sentential Code-switching and Language Dominance in Cantonese–English Bilingual Children." Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech 2, no. 1 (September 26, 2020): 73–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jmbs.13308.

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Анотація:
This paper examines the relationship between language dominance and the under-investigated topic of inter-sentential code-switching in Hong Kong Cantonese–English bilingual children. Longitudinal data for six children showing different dominance patterns were analysed. MLU differentials (Yip & Matthews, 2006) were adopted to measure dominance based on five criteria: methodological compatibility, typological comparability, gradient measurement, variance validity, and multifaceted compatibility. Our results showed that bilingual children produced more inter-sentential code-switching in the context of their non-dominant language and less in their dominant-language context. We account for this asymmetry in relation to mechanisms of inhibitory control (Gross & Kaushanskaya, 2015). Further, we propose that intrasentential and inter-sentential code-switching each have a different status in bilingual children’s developing grammar, underlining the methodological importance of separating the two constructs in future investigations. We also suggest that, in societies where intra-sentential code-switching is a social norm, inter-sentential code-switching could serve as signs of early bilinguals’ dominance status.
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6

Dragone, Paolo, and Pierre Lison. "Classification and Resolution of Non-Sentential Utterances in Dialogue." Italian Journal of Computational Linguistics 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/ijcol.353.

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7

Raftery, J. G. "A Non-finitary Sentential Logic that is Elementarily Algebraizable." Journal of Logic and Computation 20, no. 4 (November 20, 2008): 969–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exn087.

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8

Martín‐González, Javier. "(Non‐)occurrence of sentential no in Spanish negative sentences." Transactions of the Philological Society 98, no. 1 (May 2000): 161–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-968x.00061.

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9

Kashi, Hanieh. "Effect of Inter-sentential vs Intra-sentential Code-Switching: With a Focus on Past Tense." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 7, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.2p.163.

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Анотація:
The current study aimed at the comparative effect of inter-sentential vs intra-sentential code-switching on learning past tense. Initially, through non-random convenient sampling, the researcher chose 90 female EFL learners at the elementary level. Next, Key English Test (KET) was administered to the 90 learners and the results were used to select 60 participants for the purpose of this study. The participants were then divided into two groups each consisting of 30 learners. Afterwards, a grammar pretest having 30 items focusing on past simple tense was given to both groups. Following that, the grammatical explanations were provided for the two groups for ten sessions using code-switching. The first experimental group received inter-sentential code switching in line with Reyes’s (2004) as a switch between two languages, where a sentence in one of the languages is completed and the next sentence starts with the other language (Reyes, 2004). In the second experimental group, in line with Reyes’s (2004), the switching occurred within a sentence. The results of statistical analysis indicated that inter-sentential code-switching proved more effective compared to intra-sentential code-switching on the learning of past tense by EFL learners. Based on the findings of the present study, EFL teachers are encouraged to use inter-sentential code-switching more compared to intra-sentential code-switching when it comes to teaching grammar.
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10

Kenyon, Tim. "Non-Sentential Assertions and the Dependence Thesis of Word Meaning." Mind and Language 14, no. 4 (December 1999): 424–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0017.00119.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Non-sentential"

1

Stainton, Robert James Harold. "Non-sentential assertions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12501.

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2

Fernández, Rovira Raquel. "Non-sentential utterances in dialogue : classification, resolution and use." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441949.

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3

Schlangen, David. "A coherence-based approach to the interpretation of non-sentential utterances in dialogue." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/318.

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Анотація:
This thesis is concerned with the syntax, compositional semantics and contextually-situated interpretation of a certain kind of non-sentential utterance occuring in dialogue, namely one where the utterance, despite its ‘incomplete’ syntactic form, is intended to convey a proposition, a question or a request. Perhaps the most prominent type of such utterances is the short answer, as in “A: Who came to the party? — B: Peter.”, but there are many other types as well. Following (Morgan 1973) and (Ginzburg 1999b) and others, we will call such utterances fragments. Clearly, the interpretation of fragments is highly context dependent. We will provide evidence that there are complex syntactic, semantic and pragmatic constraints governing the use of fragments. In particular, following (Ginzburg 1999b), we will present evidence that while the main resolution must be semantic, some limited syntactic information nevertheless has to persist beyond the boundaries of sentences to allow for the formulation of certain constraints on fragments. We will argue that consequently only a theory that has at its disposal a wide array of information sources —from syntax through compositional and lexical semantics to domain and world knowledge, and reasoning about cognitive states— can do justice to the complexity of their interpretation. As we will show, however, it is desirable to encapsulate these knowledge sources as much as possible, in order to maintain computability. Our main thesis then is that the resolution of the intended content of fragments can be modelled as a by-product of the establishment of coherence in dialogue, which (following much of the work on discourse) we define as the establishment of certain connections of the content of the current utterance to the content of its discourse context. We will show that all constraints on the form and content of fragments follow from how they are connected to the context. The central role of discourse coherence in our account of fragments, together with having access to different kinds of information, distinguishes our theory from prior attempts. The work of Jonathan Ginzburg and colleagues ((Ginzburg 1999b, Ginzburg & Sag 2001) inter alia), for example, provides an approach to some types of fragments which is based on unification-operations on HPSG-signs. This approach, as we will show, fails to offer a convincing model of the interpretation of fragments where missing content is linguistically implicit and has to be inferred. Carberry (1990), on the other hand, employs computationally expensive plan-recognition techniques for the interpretion of fragments. This fails to predict certain empirical facts and we will furthermore show that the complex reasoning with cognitive states that she employs can often be replaced with much simpler inferences based on linguistic information. In this thesis, we offer an analysis of the syntax and compositional semantics of fragments, and we provide a computational and formally precise theory of how the compositional semantics is supplemented with further content via reasoning about the context—both linguistic and non-linguistic. We also describe an implementation of our approach, based on an extension of a wide-coverage grammar and an accompanying discourse reasoning component for a simple domain.
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4

Wong, Kwong Cheong. "Classifying Conversations." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC096/document.

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Анотація:
Le fait que toute activité linguistique et toute interactivité soient relatives à un jeu de langage / un genre / un type de conversation a été reconnu depuis longtemps par divers spécialistes. Néanmoins, jusqu'à présent, aucune théorie systématique n'a pas été construite qui peut fournir en une manière formelle la composition et la gamme des types de conversation actuels et possibles. Dans cette thèse, nous adoptons une approche topologique pour classifier les conversations et développons une théorie formelle des types conversationnels dans le cadre de Type Theory with Records. Énoncés non phrastiques (ENP) - des énoncés fragmentaires qui sont des phrases sans prédicat mais qui expriment néanmoins un sens complet dans un contexte donné - sont un phénomène caractéristique de la conversation. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les ENP dans un corpus chinois et examinons la distribution des ENP dans les genres parlés du Corpus National britannique (BNC). Cette thèse aborde le sujet de l'élaboration d'une théorie des types conversationnels qui peut expliquer la résolution des énoncés non phrastiques à travers des différents types conversationnels. En revanche, nous testerons l’hypothèse que la variation entre des distributions des énoncés non phrastiques peut servir à structurer l’espace des types conversationnels
That all linguistic activity and interactivity is relative to a domain/language-game /genre/conversational type has long been acknowledged by various scholars. Nonetheless, hitherto there has been no systematic theory that tries to propose a formal account regarding the make-up and range of actual and possible conversational types. In this thesis, we take a topological approach to classifying conversations and develop a formal theory of conversational types in the framework of Type Theory with Records (TTR). Non-sentential utterances (NSUs)—fragmentary utterances which are incomplete sentences but nevertheless convey a complete sentential meaning in the given context—are a characteristic phenomenon of conversation. In this thesis, we study NSUs in a Chinese corpus and investigate the distribution of NSUs across the spoken genres of the British National Corpus (BNC).This thesis tackles the topic of developing a theory of conversational types that can be used to explicate the resolution of NSUs across different conversational types. Conversely, we investigate whether the variation in the distribution of NSUs can serve as a means of structuring the space of conversational types
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5

Pénault, Anaïg. "Les énoncés non-phrastiques en français oral : une analyse intégrant les niveaux syntaxique, sémantique et interactionnel." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0483.

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Анотація:
Les énoncés non-phrastiques, en tant que phénomènes particuliers de l’oral intéressent l’ensemble des niveaux linguistiques mais leur étude n’avait encore jamais abouti à une classification pour le français. Dans nos analyses syntaxiques, sémantiques et interactionnelles portant sur des données orales semi-spontanées, nous avons eu comme objectif d’établir une classification articulant leurs formes et leurs fonctions. Notre étude de corpus a débuté par l’extraction objective et la sélection des séquences non-phrastiques au sein de trois corpus existants (CID, MapTask-AIX, DVD). Une analyse macrosyntaxique a permis la classification des séquences en catégories syntaxico-discursives. L’examen des indices sémantiques et pragmatiques d’intégration a abouti à l’identification de trois modes sémantiques d’intégration des énoncés non-phrastiques à leur source: la redondance, l’ajout et le remplacement. L’identification et la caractérisation de relations fonctionnelles d’ordre sémantique et interactionnel reliant les énoncés à leur source a permis de constituer un inventaire systématique des fonctions. Enfin, une typologie des énoncés non-phrastiques comportant quatre types a été constitué - les prophrases simples ou à topique contrastif et les fragments à source linguistique ou extralinguistique-, ainsi qu'une classification articulant les modes d’intégration sémantique et les fonctions des énoncés non-phrastiques, un modèle d’interprétation ainsi qu’un modèle d’intégration applicables à tous les types d’énoncés non-phrastiques
Non sentential utterances, as specific oral phenomena, concern all linguistic levels, but their study has never yet resulted in a classification for French. In our syntactic, semantic and interactional analyzes of semi-spontaneous oral data, our goal was to establish a classification articulating their forms and functions. Our corpus study began with objective extractions and a selection of non-sentential sequences within three existing corpora. Macrosyntactic analysis allowed a classification of the sequences into syntactic-discursive categories. The examination of semantic and pragmatic integration indices led to the identification of three semantic modes of integration of non-sentential utterances to their source: redundancy, addition and replacement. The identification and characterization of functional relations of semantic and interactional order between the utterance and its source made it possible to build up a systematic inventory of functions. Finally, a typology of non-sentential utterances comprising four types has been established - simple or contrastive topical prophrases and fragments with a linguistic or extralinguistic source- as well as a classification articulating semantic integration modes and utterance functions, an interpretation model as well as an integration model, applicable to all four types of non-sentential utterances
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6

Zhang, Jun. "Scope interaction between universal quantifiers and sentential negation in non-native English : the roles of UG and L1 grammar in L2 acquisition." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2013. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1521.

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7

Dias, Sammy Cardozo. "Aquisição da factividade: complementação infinitiva e extração-QU no português brasileiro." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4196.

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Анотація:
O fenômeno da factividade, no âmbito da linguística, em sentido amplo, está relacionado à propriedade que certos itens lexicais ou determinados predicadores gramaticais possuem de introduzir um pressuposto, que pode estar implícito ou explícito. No domínio verbal, Kiparsky e Kiparsky (1971) remetem a um conjunto de verbos, os quais admitem uma sentença como complemento e cujo uso pressupõe a veracidade da proposição aí expressa. Em termos aquisicionais, não há consenso acerca da idade em que factividade estaria dominada. Hopmann e Maratsos (1977), por exemplo, propuseram que seu domínio se daria a partir dos 6 anos. Para Abbeduto e Rosenberg (1985), no entanto, isso ocorreria mais cedo, por volta dos 4 anos de idade. Já Schulz (2002; 2003), defende uma aquisição gradual, que se daria por estágios e se estenderia até os 7;0 anos de idade. Léger (2007), por sua vez, afirma que o domínio da factividade, especificamente dos semifactivos, só se daria após os 11 anos. Scoville e Gordon (1979), por fim, propõem que só por volta dos 14 anos a criança seria capaz de dominar a factividade em todos os seus aspectos. Essa falta de consenso corrobora a ideia de uma aquisição gradual, uma vez que esse fenômeno envolve vários aspectos: identificação de uma subclasse de verbos, uma interpretação semântica específica, uma subcategorização sintática variável entre as línguas e um comportamento característico no que diz respeito ao movimento-QU. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo geral contribuir para os estudos sobre aquisição da factividade, particularmente no que diz respeito ao português, debruçando-se mais especificamente sobre dois aspectos pouco explorados na literatura da área: uma questão de variação translinguística, que diz respeito à possibilidade de se admitirem complementos não-finitos factivos em português, e a questão da interpretação de interrogativas-QU em contextos factivos, com propriedades características de ilha fraca. O quadro obtido é discutido frente às análises linguísticas propostas para os verbos/ predicados factivos, que têm considerado uma distinção sintática (KIPARSKY E KIPARSKY, 1971; MELVOLD, 1991; SCHULZ, 2003; AUGUSTO, 2003; LIMA, 2007), com repercussões de ordem lógico/ semântica (LEROUX E SCHULZ, 1999; SCHULZ, 2002; 2003)
In the realm of linguistic theory, the phenomenon of factivity is, in a broad sense, related to the property some lexical items or predicates exhibit of introducing an implicit or explicit presupposition. In the verbal domain, Kiparsky and Kiparsky (1971) assume that factive verbs carry the presupposition that the complement clause they may subcategorize expresses a true proposition. From the acquisition point of view, there is no clear consensus about the age of mastery of the properties of factive sentences. Hopmann & Maratsos (1977) conclude that factive sentences are mastered around age 6. For Abbeduto & Rosenberg (1985), children age 4 have already achieved it. Schulz (2002; 2003) argues for a stepwise acquisition pattern, suggesting stages children pass through up to 7 years old. Léger (2007) adds to Schulzs yet another stage in order to account for some semifactive verbs, for which the right distinction wouldnt be in place before 11 years old. At last, Scoville & Gordon (1979) suggest that only 14 year olds would be able to fully master factivity. This variety of results corroborate the idea of a stepwise acquisition pattern, let alone the different aspects involved in the phenomenon of factivity: the identification of a class of verbs allowing a factive reading, its presuppositional character, interlinguistic variation concerning possible subcategorization frames and a specific behavior as far as extraction in complex sentences is considered. This study aims at contributing for the investigation of the acquisition of factivity in Portuguese, focusing specifically on two underexplored aspects: the possibility of some factive predicates allowing non-finite complements in this language and the extraction patterns in factive complex sentences. The results obtained are discussed in the light of linguistic analyses, which couch on distinct syntactic features assigned to the factive predicates, (KIPARSKY E KIPARSKY, 1971; MELVOLD, 1991; SCHULZ, 2003; AUGUSTO, 2003; LIMA, 2007), with logical/semantic outcomes (LEROUX E SCHULZ, 1999; SCHULZ, 2002; 2003)
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8

Botalla, Marie-Amélie. "Modélisation de la production des énoncés averbaux ˸ le cas des compléments différés." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCA040/document.

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Анотація:
Le complément différé se présente comme une unité à la fois prosodiquement ou graphiquement autonome et syntaxiquement dépendante d’un énoncé antérieur, appelé énoncé support. Notre objectif au cours de cette thèse est de concevoir une modélisation de la production des compléments différés. Nous effectuons pour cela une étude des caractéristiques syntaxiques de 893 compléments différés, extraits de corpus écrits et oraux. Nous observons ainsi la présence d’éléments averbaux (noms, prépositions, etc.) parmi les gouverneurs des compléments différés. Cela contredit les notions antérieures, telles que l’épexégèse de Bally (1944:§75), qui n’envisageaient ces unités que sous la gouvernance d’un verbe. En outre, nous mettons en évidence les différents usages que les locuteurs font du complément différé au cours de l’interaction, et montrons ainsi sa polyvalence et son intérêt en tant qu’outil à la disposition des locuteurs. Le complément différé peut en effet servir au locuteur à ajouter une nouvelle information, mais aussi à préciser, modifier ou corriger une information apportée par l’énoncé support, à questionner son interlocuteur ou à lui répondre. De même, son autonomie prosodique ou graphique ainsi que sa dépendance syntaxique à l’énoncé support jouent un rôle dans sa réception et son interprétation, et nous montrons que produire un complément différé n’équivaut strictement ni à produire un complément non différé, ni à produire une unité syntaxiquement autonome. Nous proposons finalement une modélisation de la production des compléments différés, illustrant leur rattachement à l’énoncé support ainsi que l’implication du locuteur vis-à-vis de l’information qu’ils apportent
The postponed complement is a prosodically or graphically independant unit which is syntactically dependent on a previous utterance, called support utterance. In this thesis, we aim to develop a modeling of the production of postponed complements. For this purpose, we conduct a study of the syntactic features of 893 postponed complements from written and oral corpora. We note the presence of non-verbal elements (nouns, prepositions, etc.) among the syntactic governors of postponed complements. This contradicts earlier notions, such as Bally's epexegesis (1944:§75), which only conceived these units under the governance of a verb. In addition, we highlight the different uses that speakers make of the postponed complement during an interaction, and we thus demonstrate its versatility and interest as a tool available to the speakers. A postponed complement can be used by the speaker to add new information, but also to specify, modify or correct the information provided by the support statement and to question or answer the interlocutor. Its prosodic or graphic autonomy and syntactic dependence on the support utterance also play a role in its reception and interpretation, and we show that producing a postponed complement is strictly equivalent neither to producing a non-postponed complement nor to producing a syntactically autonomous unit. Finally, we propose a model of the production of postponed complements, illustrating its connection to the support statement as well as the speaker's involvement towards the information provided
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9

Hadji, Moradlou Sara. "Early child grammars." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/HADJI_MORADLOU_Sara_va2.pdf.

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Анотація:
Cette thèse combine le travail sur corpus, la spécification formelle et l'investigation expérimentale, pour caractériser les étapes initiales de l'apprentissage des langues - l'étape mono-mot. Dans la première moitié de cette thèse, nous développons une taxonomie des énoncés d'un mot en nous inspirant de travaux sur les Énoncés non phrastiques des adultes et d'études antérieures sur la pragmatique du langage des jeunes enfants. Nous fournissons des descriptions formelles pour les types de notre taxonomie qui permettent de représenter le contenu sémantique des énoncés d'un seul mot en utilisant les mêmes outils que ceux utilisés dans les grammaires pour adultes. Comme dans les énoncés non phrastiques de l'adulte, la signification des énoncés d'un seul mot de l'enfant repose fortement sur des éléments contextuels. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous examinons de plus près les interactions questions--réponses. Nous décrivons la structure dialogique de ces interactions parent-enfant et donnons une théorie sur la façon dont le sens des questions peut être appris de façon interactive. Nous comparons ensuite l'émergence des réponses aux questions partielles (wh-questions en anglais: où, quoi, qui, etc.) et questions totales (polar questions en anglais, les questions dont la réponse est oui ou non), à l'aide d'études de corpus et d'expériences de lecture de livres partagés en allemand et en mandarin. Nous montrons qu'une sous-catégorie de questions partielles émerge (en tant que réponses) avant les questions totales, et discutons des facteurs contribuant à cette conclusion contre-intuitive, à la lumière de nos propositions antérieures fortement dépendantes du contexte sur la façon dont les significations des questions sont acquises
This thesis combines corpus work, formal specification, and experimental investigation, to characterize the beginning stages of language learning---the single-word stage. In the first half of this thesis, we develop a taxonomy of one word utterances drawing inspiration from work on adult non-sentential utterances, and previous studies of early child language pragmatics. We provide formal descriptions for the types in our taxonomy that allow representation of semantic content of single-word utterances using the same tools employed in adult grammars. As in adult non-sentential utterances, meaning in children's one-word utterances relies heavily on contextual elements. In the second half of the thesis, we take a closer look at question--answer interactions. We describe the dialogical structure of such parent--child interactions, and provide a theory of how question meanings might be learned interactively. We then compare emergence of answers to wh- and polar questions, using corpus studies, and shared book reading experiments in German and Mandarin. We show that a subclass of wh-questions emerge (as answerable) before polar questions, and discuss factors contributing to this counter-intuitive finding, in light of our earlier heavily context-dependent proposals for how question meanings are acquired
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Книги з теми "Non-sentential"

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Sainsbury, Mark. Attitudes on Display. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198732570.003.0010.

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Intentional states are representational states, involving the exercise of conceptual structures, which are vehicles of representation. Structures evaluable as true or false are called “thoughts”. We can describe two categories of intentional states: those involving thoughts, call them “propositional attitudes”, and those not involving thoughts, call them “objectual attitudes”. We can distinguish among attributions of attitudes between those that involve full sentential complements, like “She believes that it will rain today” (call these “sentential attributions”), and those like “She wants rain” which do not (call these “non-sentential attributions”). Are the kinds of attribution fundamentally different? The main claim of the chapter is that they are not. In both kinds of attribution a conceptual structure is put on display, and the attribution is correct just if the displayed structure is suitably related to the structure in the intentional state of the subject of the attribution.
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2

Nikolaeva, Irina. Analyses of the Semantics of Mood. Edited by Jan Nuyts and Johan Van Der Auwera. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199591435.013.3.

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This article examines the semantics of “mood”, both in the sense of the opposition among clause types, that is, “sentential/sentence moods,” or “sentential forces”, and in the sense of the distinction between realis and irrealis, or indicative and subjunctive. It begins by considering the most important sentence moods, namely, declaratives, imperatives, interrogatives, exclamatives and optatives. It then discusses the notions of realis and irrealis or indicative and subjunctive. It concludes by underscoring the importance of a study of interpretive effects in elucidating the interaction between semantics and pragmatics, since the semantics of mood appears to depend on a set of contextual clues which arise from different sources and provide non-conceptual input to the pragmatic process of utterance interpretation.
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3

Danckaert, Lieven. The decline of Latin VOAux. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747307.003.0013.

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This chapter is concerned with the diachrony of the Latin word order pattern ‘verb-object-auxiliary’ (VOAux). In the classical and late classical period (c.100 BC–200 AD), this order is productively available, but it is by and large absent in Late Latin. It is suggested that this change is related to the order VPAux being derived differently in Classical and in Late Latin. More specifically, it is proposed that only Late Latin VPAux-clauses are derived by means of roll-up movement, which gives rise to restrictions on possible word orders inside the verb phrase (Biberauer, Holmberg, and Roberts’s Final-Over-Final Constraint). In addition, it is proposed that this difference between Classical and Late Latin is an indirect result of an independent change, namely, the incorporation of the pre-verbal sentential negator non into the hierarchically highest verb, an evolution which can be considered part of Jespersen’s Cycle.
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Частини книг з теми "Non-sentential"

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Clapp, Lenny. "On the Interpretation and Performance of Non-Sentential Assertions." In Ellipsis and Nonsentential Speech, 109–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2301-4_6.

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2

Waskan, Jonathan. "Applications of an Implementation Story for Non-sentential Models." In Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology, 463–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15223-8_26.

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3

Golińska-Pilarek, Joanna, Taneli Huuskonen, and Michał Zawidzki. "Tableau-based Decision Procedure for Non-Fregean Logic of Sentential Identity." In Automated Deduction – CADE 28, 41–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79876-5_3.

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AbstractSentential Calculus with Identity ($$\mathsf {SCI}$$ SCI ) is an extension of classical propositional logic, featuring a new connective of identity between formulas. In $$\mathsf {SCI}$$ SCI two formulas are said to be identical if they share the same denotation. In the semantics of the logic, truth values are distinguished from denotations, hence the identity connective is strictly stronger than classical equivalence. In this paper we present a sound, complete, and terminating algorithm deciding the satisfiability of $$\mathsf {SCI}$$ SCI -formulas, based on labelled tableaux. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first implemented decision procedure for $$\mathsf {SCI}$$ SCI which runs in NP, i.e., is complexity-optimal. The obtained complexity bound is a result of dividing derivation rules in the algorithm into two sets: decomposition and equality rules, whose interplay yields derivation trees with branches of polynomial length with respect to the size of the investigated formula. We describe an implementation of the procedure and compare its performance with implementations of other calculi for $$\mathsf {SCI}$$ SCI (for which, however, the termination results were not established). We show possible refinements of our algorithm and discuss the possibility of extending it to other non-Fregean logics.
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Platzack, Christer. "The Swedish Supine: An Active Verb Form or the Non-agreeing Form of the Past Participle?" In Sentential Complementation and the Lexicon, edited by Dany Jaspers, Yvan Putseys, Wim Klooster, and Pieter Seuren, 305–20. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110878479-021.

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Kaunisto, Mark, and Juhani Rudanko. "Variation Between Sentential Complements: The Case of Work At -ing and Work On -ing." In Variation in Non-finite Constructions in English, 15–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19044-6_2.

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6

Rickman, Paul, and Juhani Rudanko. "Null Objects and Sentential Complements, with Evidence from the Corpus of Historical American English and Hansard." In Corpus-Based Studies on Non-Finite Complements in Recent English, 75–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72989-3_5.

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7

Ginzburg, Jonathan. "Non-Sentential Utterances in Conversation." In The Interactive Stance, 217–65. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199697922.003.0007.

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Stainton, Robert J. "In Defense of Non-Sentential Assertion." In Semantics versus Pragmatics, 383–458. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199251520.003.0011.

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Dragone, Paolo, and Pierre Lison. "An Active Learning Approach to the Classification of Non-Sentential Utterances." In Proceedings of the Second Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics CLiC-it 2015, 115–19. Accademia University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.aaccademia.1464.

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10

Spevak, Olga. "Introduction." In Nominalization in Latin, 1–13. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192866011.003.0001.

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Abstract This chapter discusses various approaches to nominalization and defines it as ‘a noun (phrase) which has a systematic correspondence with a clause structure’. Such nouns are called ‘verbal nouns’. Verbal nouns lack sentential properties. They are compared with non-finite verb forms (participles, infinitives, gerunds, and gerundives), which show a lack of sentential properties (desententialization) to various extents. It is argued that verbal nouns retain some verbal properties, especially the requirement of arguments or obligatory constituents and aspectual (lexical) properties of the corresponding verbs. On the basis of their combinability with temporal expressions, four classes of verbal nouns can be distinguished expressing activities, accomplishments, achievements, or states. Many verbal nouns are polysemous: they can be used as verbal nouns with a verbal meaning, or as nouns with a concrete meaning to denote physical entities.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Non-sentential"

1

Fernández, Raquel, and Jonathan Ginzburg. "Non-sentential utterances." In the 19th international conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1072228.1072363.

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2

Fernández, Raquel, and Jonathan Ginzburg. "Non-sentential utterances in dialogue." In the 3rd SIGdial workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1118121.1118124.

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Cinková, Silvie. "Semantic representation of non-sentential utterances in dialog." In the 2nd Workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1626296.1626300.

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4

Munteanu, Dragos Stefan, and Daniel Marcu. "Extracting parallel sub-sentential fragments from non-parallel corpora." In the 21st International Conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1220175.1220186.

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Raghu, Dinesh, Sathish Indurthi, Jitendra Ajmera, and Sachindra Joshi. "A statistical approach for Non-Sentential Utterance Resolution for Interactive QA System." In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w15-4645.

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6

de Colnet, Alexis, and Stefan Mengel. "A Compilation of Succinctness Results for Arithmetic Circuits." In 18th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2021}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2021/20.

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Arithmetic circuits (AC) are circuits over the real numbers with 0/1-valued input variables whose gates compute the sum or the product of their inputs. Positive AC – that is, AC representing non-negative functions – subsume many interesting probabilistic models such as probabilistic sentential decision diagram (PSDD) or sum-product network (SPN) on indicator variables. Efficient algorithms for many operations useful in probabilistic reasoning on these models critically depend on imposing structural restrictions to the underlying AC. Generally, adding structural restrictions yields new tractable operations but increases the size of the AC. In this paper we study the relative succinctness of classes of AC with different combinations of common restrictions. Building on existing results for Boolean circuits, we derive an unconditional succinctness map for classes of monotone AC – that is, AC whose constant labels are non-negative reals – respecting relevant combinations of the restrictions we consider. We extend a small part of the map to classes of positive AC. Those are known to generally be exponentially more succinct than their monotone counterparts, but we observe here that for so-called deterministic circuits there is no difference between the monotone and the positive setting which allows us to lift some of our results. We end the paper with some insights on the relative succinctness of positive AC by showing exponential lower bounds on the representations of certain functions in positive AC respecting structured decomposability.
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