Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Non-minimal Supersymmetric Model"

We study coset construction of superconformal minimal models using admissible representations of Kac-Moody algebra. In particular, we study supersymmetric minimal models of Wn algebra, and in particular we argue that c = −5/2 cannot be considered as a minimal model of superconformal or super-W3 algebra. In the second part of the paper, we consider superconformal field theories whose perturbations correspond to breather-breather scattering in supersymmetric sine-Gordon equations, and find a family of theories with c = −3N(4N + 3)/2(N + 1), N = 1, 2, 3, …, which is the counterpart of the family of non-unitary theories with c = −2N(6N + 5)/(2N + 3), N = 1, 2, 3, …, among which N = 1 (c = −22/5) is the Yang-Lee edge singularity.

We show that a non-abelian global S U ( 2 ) R R-symmetry acting on the quartic part of the two Higgs Doublet Model leads, at tree-level, to an automatic alignment without decoupling. An example of phenomenologically viable model with this feature is the the low energy effective field theory of the Minimal Dirac Gaugino Supersymmetric Model in the limit where the adjoint scalars are decoupled. We discuss here how the S U ( 2 ) R can be identified with the R-symmetry of the N = 2 supersymmetry in the gauge and Higgs sectors. We also review how the radiative corrections lead to a very small misalignment.

We compute the exact S matrix for the non-linear sigma model with symmetry SO(D)/SO(2)⊗SO(D−2) coupled to fermions in a minimal or supersymmetric way. The model has some relevance in string theory with non-zero external curvature.

Supersymmetry is an attractive extension of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. The minimal supersymmetric extension (MSSM) provides gauge coupling unification, a dark matter candidate particle and can explain the breaking of the electroweak symmetry dynamically. However, it suffers from the little hierarchy and the mu-problem. Non-minimal supersymmetric extensions of the SM with a larger particle content or a higher symmetry can evade the problems of the MSSM. Such models may be well-motivated by Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) and can provide a rich new phenomenology with an extended Higgs sector, exotic particles, additional interactions and a close connection to String Theory. Interesting examples are the Next-to Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM), which is motivated by the mu-problem, and the Exceptional Supersymmetric Standard Model (E6SSM), which is inspired by E6 GUTs. For phenomenological investigations of supersymmetric (SUSY) models the pole mass spectrum must be calculated from the fundamental model parameters. This task, however, is non-trivial as the spectrum must be consistent with measured low-energy observables (fine-structure constant, Z boson pole mass, muon decay etc.) as well as electroweak symmetry breaking and potential universality conditions on the soft supersymmetry breaking parameters at the GUT scale. Programs, which calculate the SUSY mass spectrum consistent with constraints of this kind are called spectrum generators. In this thesis four different contributions to the prediction of mass spectra and model parameters in non-minimal SUSY models are presented. (i) One-loop matching corrections of the E6SSM gauge and Yukawa couplings to the SM are calculated to increase the precision of the mass spectrum prediction in the constrained E6SSM. (ii) The beta-functions of vacuum expectation values (VEVs) are calculated in a general and supersymmetric gauge theory at the one- and two-loop level. The results enable an accurate calculation of the renormalization group running of the VEVs in non-minimal SUSY models. (iii) An NMSSM extension of Softsusy, a spectrum generator for the MSSM, is implemented. It represents a precise alternative to the already existing spectrum generator NMSPEC. (iv) FlexibleSUSY is presented, a general framework which creates a fast, modular and precise spectrum generator for any user-defined SUSY model. It represents a generalization of the hand-written SUSY spectrum generators and allows the study of a large variety of new SUSY models easily with high precision.

Il a longtemps été pensé que le modèle standard (MS) est une description incomplète de notre univers, mais les résultats expérimentaux obtenus jusqu'à présent ne confirment rien de plus. La supersymétrie minimale, concrétisée par le modèle standard supersymétrique minimal (MSSM), est une extension compétitive du MS et a été bien étudiée, en particulier dans le contexte de modèles simplifiés, au niveau des collisionneurs. Cependant, les techniques de recherche actuelles n'utilisent peut-être pas de manière optimale la capacité du collisionneur à tester l'espace de paramètre accessible. Au lieu d'utiliser un veto statique sur le momentum du jet pour minimiser les processus d'arrière-plan indésirables dans les recherches de signaux, il peut être démontré que l'utilisation d'un veto au jet dynamique construit à partir de plusieurs mesures d'activité hadronique et leptonique peut augmenter le potentiel de découverte des balayages MSSM simplifiés. Dans le même temps, il est indéniable que les limites imposées aux modèles simplifiés ne représentent pas fidèlement des scénarios plus complexes - en particulier les modèles de supersymétrie non minimaux dans lesquels les signatures de désintégration sont modifiées par un spectre plus complexe de chargino et de neutralino. Les gauginos de Dirac (DG) constituent une extension non minimale bien motivée qui semble plus plausible que le MSSM, qui est de plus en plus constraint par les observations. Ce travail peut être divisé en deux parties: (1) il étudie comment le contenu en particules élargi des modèles DG peut modifier les limites actuelles de la masse de gluino et de squark du Run 2 du LHC, et (2) effectue une étude approfondie du secteur de Higgs dans de tels modèles, qui est automatiquement aligné en raison de la supersymétrie étendue qui relie les couplages de Yukawa aux couplages de jauge dans le secteur électrofaible
It has long been thought that the Standard Model (SM) is an incomplete description of our universe, yet experimental results thus far do not confirm anything beyond it. Minimal supersymmetry, embodied by the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), is a competitive extension of the SM and has been well investigated, especially in the context of simplified models, at colliders. However, current search techniques may not be making optimal use of the collider's ability to test the accessible parameter space. Instead of using a static veto on jet momentum to minimise undesirable background processes in signal searches, it can be shown that employing a dynamic jet veto constructed out of several measures of hadronic and leptonic activity can heighten the discovery potential of simplified MSSM scans. At the same time, it cannot be denied that the limits placed on simplified models are not a true representation of more complex scenarios - especially non-minimal supersymmetry models where decay signatures are altered by a more complex chargino and neutralino spectrum. Dirac gauginos (DG) are a well-motivated non-minimal extension that restore the naturalness being lost by the ever more stringent constraints on the MSSM. Here this work looks down two avenues: it (1) investigates how the enlarged particle content of DG models can lead to altered bounds on current gluino and squark mass limits from Run 2 of the LHC, and (2) makes an in depth study of the Higgs sector in such models, which is automatically aligned owing to extended supersymmetry that links the Yukawa couplings to the gauge couplings in the electroweak sector

This thesis is based on work that investigates the fine tuning in low scale non-minimal supersymmetric models. We present a comparative and systematic study of the fine tuning in Higgs sectors in three scale-invariant NMSSM models: the first being the standard Z3 invariant NMSSM; the second is the NMSSM plus additional matter filling 3(5 + 5) representations of SU(5) and is called the NMSSM+; while the third model comprises 4(5 + 5) and is called the NMSSM++. Naively, one would expect the fine tuning in the plus-type models to be smaller than that in the NMSSM since the presence of extra matter relaxes the perturbativity bound on λ at the low scale. This, in turn, allows larger tree-level Higgs mass and smaller loop contribution from the stops. However we find that LHC limits on the masses of sparticles, especially the gluino mass, can play an indirect, but vital, role in controlling the fine tuning. In particular, working in a semi-constrained framework at the GUT scale, we find that the masses of third generation stops are always larger in the plus-type models than in the NMSSM without extra matter. This is an RGE effect which cannot be avoided, and as a consequence the fine tuning in the NMSSM+ (Δ ~ 200) is significantly larger than in the NMSSM (Δ ~ 100), with fine tuning in the NMSSM++ (Δ ~ 600) being significantly larger than in the NMSSM+. Moreover, supersymmetric unified models in which the Z’ couples to the Higgs doublets, as in the E6 class of models, have large fine tuning dominated by the experimental mass limit on the Z’. To illustrate this we investigate the degree of fine tuning throughout the parameter space of the Constrained Exceptional Supersymmetric Standard Model (cE6SSM) that is consistent with a Higgs mass mh ~ 125 GeV. Fixing tan β = 10, and taking specific values of the mass of the Z’ boson, with MZ’ ~ 2-4 TeV. We find that the minimum fine tuning set predominantly from the mass of Z’ and varies from ~200-400 as we vary MZ’ from~ 2-4 TeV. However, this is lower than the fine tuning in the constrained Minimal Supersymmetic Standard Model (cMSSM) of 0(1000), arising from the large stop masses required to achieve the Higgs mass. Finally, it was found that varying tan β below and above 10 does not correspond to lower fine tuning in the cE6SSM, nor does lowering the mass of the Z’ by lowering its associated coupling g’.

Malgré les nombreux succès du Modèle Standard de la physique des particules, plusieurs éléments montrent qu'il ne s'agit que d'une théorie effective à basse énergie. En effet, la masse des neutrinos et la matière noire ne sont pas expliqués dans ce modèle, qui ne prend pas en compte non plus la gravitation dont la version quantique n'a toujours pas été établie. De plus, les divergences quadratiques des corrections à la masse du boson de Higgs dans ce modèle pose un problème de naturalité. Tous ces problèmes indiquent la nécessité de trouver une nouvelle physique, qui doit être décrite par une extension du Modèle Standard. Une des possibilités est d'ajouter une nouvelle symétrie de l'espace-temps, la Supersymétrie, reliant les bosons et le fermions. Dans son extension miminale, la Supersymétrie permet déjà de résoudre le problème de la matière noire en proposant un candidat naturel, le neutralino, et de supprimer les dangereuses corrections quadratiques à la masse du boson de Higgs.Dans cette thèse, les travaux se sont concentrés sur une extension supersymétrique non minimale du Modèle Standard, le NMSSM. Afin de confronter la théorie aux expériences, il est nécessaire de calculer précisément les différentes observables. Ces calculs étant complexes, il est naturel de les automatiser, ce qui a été réalisé à l'aide du code SloopS. Avec ce code, nous avons pu dans un premier temps nous intéresser à la désintégration du boson de Higgs en un photon et un boson Z. Ce mode de désintégration a la particularité d'être généré directement à une boucle, ce qui le rend sensible à la présence de nouvelles particules. Il a commencé à être mesuré lors du Run 1 du LHC et les données vont continuer à s'accumuler avec le Run actuel (Run 2). La possibilité d'une déviation du signal mesuré avec celui prédit par le modèle Standard, requiert donc une analyse théorique préliminaire, que nous avons effectué dans le cadre du NMSSM. Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressé aux corrections radiatives pour des processus plus généraux.Il a d'abord fallu réaliser et implémenter la renormalisation dans SloopS afin de réguler les divergences apparaissant dans ces calculs à une boucle. Puis nous avons pu utiliser le modèle renormalisé pour calculer les corrections radiatives aux masses et largeurs de désintégration des différentes particules supersymétriques et des bosons de Higgs, en comparant les résultats obtenus dans différents schémas de renormalisation
Although the Standard Model has been very successful so far, it presents several limitations showing that it is only an effective low energy theory. For example, the neutrino masses or dark matter are not predicted in this model. Gravity is also not taken into account and we expect that it plays a quantum role at energies around the Planck mass. Moreover, radiative corrections to the Higgs boson mass suffer from quadratic divergences. All these problems underline the fact that new physics should appear, and this has to be described by an extension of the Standard Model. One well-motivated possibility is to add a new space-time symetry, called Supersymmetry, which link bosons and fermions. In its minimal extension, Supersymmetry can already solve the dark matter paradox with a natural candidate, the neutralino, and provide a cancellation of the dangerous quadratic corrections to the Higgs boson mass.In this thesis, we focussed on the Next-to-Minimal SuperSymmetric extension of the Standard Model, the NMSSM. To compare theoretical predictions with experiments, physical observables must be computed precisely. Since these calculations are long and complex, automatisation is desirable. This was done by developping SloopS, a program to compute one-loop decay width and cross-section at one-loop order in Supersymmetry. With this code, we first analysed the decay of the Higgs boson in a photon and a Z boson. This decay mode is induced at the quantum level and thus is an interesting probe of new physics. Its measurement has been started during Run 1 of the LHC and is continued now in Run 2. The possibility of deviation between the measured signal strength and the one predicted by the Standard Model motivates a careful theoretical analysis in beyond Standard Models which we realised within the NMSSM. Our goal was to compute radiative corrections for any process in this model. To cancel the ultraviolet divergences appearing in higher order computations, we had to carry out and implement the renormalisation of the NMSSM in SloopS. Finally, it was possible to use the renormalised model to compute radiatives corrections to masses and decay widths of Higgs bosons and supersymmetric particles in the NMSSM and to compare the results between different renormalisation schemes

It is generally agreed upon the fact that the Standard Model of particle physics can only be viewed as an effective theory that needs to be extended as it leaves some essential questions unanswered. The exact realization of the necessary extension is subject to discussion. Supersymmetry is among the most promising approaches to physics beyond the Standard Model as it can simultaneously solve the hierarchy problem and provide an explanation for the dark matter abundance in the universe. Despite further virtues like gauge coupling unification and radiative electroweak symmetry breaking, minimal supersymmetric models cannot be the ultimate answer to the open questions of the Standard Model as they still do not incorporate neutrino masses and are besides heavily constrained by LHC data. This does, however, not derogate the beauty of the concept of supersymmetry. It is therefore time to explore non-minimal supersymmetric models which are able to close these gaps, review their consistency, test them against experimental data and provide prospects for future experiments. The goal of this thesis is to contribute to this process by exploring an extraordinarily well motivated class of models which bases upon a left-right symmetric gauge group. While relaxing the tension with LHC data, those models automatically include the ingredients for neutrino masses. We start with a left-right supersymmetric model at the TeV scale in which scalar \(SU(2)_R\) triplets are responsible for the breaking of left-right symmetry as well as for the generation of neutrino masses. Although a tachyonic doubly-charged scalar is present at tree-level in this kind of models, we show by performing the first complete one-loop evaluation that it gains a real mass at the loop level. The constraints on the predicted additional charged gauge bosons are then evaluated using LHC data, and we find that we can explain small excesses in the data of which the current LHC run will reveal if they are actual new physics signals or just background fluctuations. In a careful evaluation of the loop-corrected scalar potential we then identify parameter regions in which the vacuum with the phenomenologically correct symmetry-breaking properties is stable. Conveniently, those regions favour low left-right symmetry breaking scales which are accessible at the LHC. In a slightly modified version of this model where a \(U(1)_R × U(1)_{B−L}\) gauge symmetry survives down to the TeV scale, we implement a minimal gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking mechanism for which we calculate the boundary conditions in the presence of gauge kinetic mixing. We show how the presence of the extended gauge group raises the tree-level Higgs mass considerably so that the need for heavy supersymmetric spectra is relaxed. Taking the constraints from the Higgs sector into account, we then explore the LHC phenomenology of this model and point out where the expected collider signatures can be distinguished from standard scenarios. In particular if neutrino masses are explained by low-scale seesaw mechanisms as is done throughout this work, there are potentially spectacular signals at low-energy experiments which search for charged lepton flavour violation. The last part of this thesis is dedicated to the detailed exploration of processes like μ → e γ, μ → 3 e or μ−e conversion in nuclei in a supersymmetric framework with an inverse seesaw mechanism. In particular, we disprove claims about a non-decoupling effect in Z-mediated three-body decays and study the prospects for discovering and distinguishing signals at near-future experiments. In this context we identify the possibility to deduce from ratios like BR(\(τ → 3 μ\))/BR(\(τ → μ e^+ e^−\)) whether the contributions from ν − W loops dominate over supersymmetric contributions or vice versa
Man ist sich einig darüber, dass das Standardmodell der Teilchenphysik in seiner aktuellen Form nicht der Weisheit letzter Schluss ist – zu viele grundlegende Fragen lässt es offen. Lediglich die genaue Form der nötigen Erweiterung wird heiß debattiert. Supersymmetrische Modelle gehören zu den vielversprechendsten Ansätzen zu Physik jenseits des Standardmodells, da sie gleichzeiting das Hierarchieproblem lösen und die Dichte der beobachteten dunklen Materie im Universum erklären können. Obwohl das minimale supersymmetrische Modell weitere Vorzüge vorzuweisen hat – hierzu gehört die Vereinheitlichung der Eichkopplungen an großen Skalen sowie radiative elektroschwache Symmetriebrechung – sprechen die aktuellen Messungen am LHC eine andere Sprache. Zudem sind auch in diesem Modell die Neutrinos masselos, sodass es nicht die endgültige Theorie darstellen kann. Dies mindert jedoch nicht die Schönheit des Konzepts der Supersymmetrie, weshalb es an der Zeit ist, nichtminimale supersymmetrische Modelle zu untersuchen, welche die o. g. Probleme nicht aufweisen. Diese Modelle müssen auf Herz und Nieren geprüft werden, bevor man sie mit experimentellen Daten vergleichen und Vorhersagen für zukünftige Experimente treffen kann. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, zu diesem wichtigen Prozess beizutragen. Hierzu soll die besonders aussichtsreiche Klasse von supersymmetrischen Modellen, welche auf einer links-rechts-Eichsymmetrie basieren, genau untersucht werden. Diese Modelle sind deutlich weniger von LHC-Ausschlussgrenzen betroffen und sagen zudem rechtshändige Neutrinos voraus, mit welchen die leichten Neutrinomassen erklärt werden können. Zu Beginn wenden wir uns einem links-rechts-supersymmetrischen Modell an der TeV-Skala zu, in welchem \(SU(2)_R\) -Tripletts sowohl für die Brechung der Links-Rechts-Symmetrie als auch für die Generation von Neutrinomassen verantwortlich sind. Zur führenden Ordnung in der Störungstheorie beinhaltet diese Art von Modellen ein tachyonisches doppelt geladenes Skalarfeld. Wir wenden uns der Ermittlung der zugehörigen Masse auf dem Einschleifenniveau zu und zeigen erstmals in einer konsistenten, vollständigen Berechnung derselben, dass die Masse im Allgemeinen reell ist. Anschließend werden die Beschränkungen an die Links-Rechts-Brechungsskala aus aktuellen LHC-Daten ermittelt. Wir zeigen, dass unser Modell gewisse Signal- Uberschüsse in jenen Daten erklären kann – der aktuelle LHC-Lauf wird klären, ob diese tatsächlich neuer Physik oder doch nur statistischen Fluktuationen entsprechen. Schließlich bestimmen wir in einer Untersuchung der Vakuumstruktur auf dem Einschleifenniveau diejenigen Parameterregionen, in welchen die phänomenologisch korrekte elektroschwache Symmetriebrechung angenommen wird. Passenderweise werden Regionen bevorzugt, welche messbare Signale am LHC vorhersagen. In einem leicht unterschiedlichen Modell, in dem eine \(U(1)_R × U(1)_{B−L}\) bis herunter an die TeV-Skala überleben kann, implementieren wir einen über Eichwechselwirkungen vermittelten Supersymmetrie-Brechungsmechanismus, mit besonderem Augenmerk auf die eichkinetische Mischung in den Randbedingungen. Durch die erweiterte Eichgruppe wird die Higgsmasse bereits auf führender Ordnung erhöht. Wir ermitteln die Konsequenzen für die Skala der Supersymmetrie-Brechungsskala. Anschließend untersuchen wir die am LHC zu erwartende Phänomenologie und zeigen auf, in welchen Prozessen sich dieses Modell von Standard-Szenarien unterscheidet. Durch diese Arbeit hinweg nehmen wir an, dass die leichten Neutrinomassen duch einen Seesaw-Mechanismus an der TeV-Skala erklärt werden. Dass dies zu potentiell höchst interessanten Signalen in Niederenergieexperimenten führt, wird im letzten Teil dieser Arbeit thematisiert. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf Lepton-Flavour-verletzenden Prozessen wie μ → e γ, μ → 3 e oder die μ−e-Umwandlung in Atomkernen, welche wir im Rahmen eines supersymmetrischen Modells mit inversem Seesaw-Mechanismus genauer untersuchen. Insbesondere widerlegen wir Behauptungen von nichtentkoppelnden Z-Pinguin-Diagrammen und untersuchen die Aussichten, Signale an zukünftigen Experimenten zu messen sowie Rückschlüsse auf das zugrundeliegende Modell ziehen zu können. In diesem Zusammenhang demonstrieren wir die Möglichkeit, durch die relativen Verhältnisse von Verzweigungsverhältnissen wie BR(\(τ → 3 μ\))/BR(\(τ → μ e^+ e^−\)) unterscheiden zu können, ob die zugehörigen Prozesse hauptsächlich durch supersymmetrische oder durch W − ν-Diagramme herbeigeführt wurden