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Riaz, Fahid, Fu Zhi Yam, Muhammad Abdul Qyyum, Muhammad Wakil Shahzad, Muhammad Farooq, Poh Seng Lee, and Moonyong Lee. "Direct Analytical Modeling for Optimal, On-Design Performance of Ejector for Simulating Heat-Driven Systems." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 2819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102819.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper describes an ejector model for the prediction of on-design performance under available conditions. This is a direct method of calculating the optimal ejector performance (entrainment ratio or ER) without the need for iterative methods, which have been conventionally used. The values of three ejector efficiencies used to account for losses in the ejector are calculated by using a systematic approach (by employing CFD analysis) rather than the hit and trial method. Both experimental and analytical data from literature are used to validate the presented analytical model with good agreement for on-design performance. R245fa working fluid has been used for low-grade heat applications, and Engineering Equation Solver (EES) has been employed for simulating the proposed model. The presented model is suitable for integration with any thermal system model and its optimization because of its direct, non-iterative methodology. This model is a non-dimensional model and therefore requires no geometrical dimensions to be able to calculate ejector performance. The model has been validated against various experimental results, and the model is employed to generate the ejector performance curves for R245fa working fluid. In addition, system simulation results of the ejector refrigeration system (ERS) and combined cooling and power (CCP) system have been produced by using the proposed analytical model.
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Haselschwerdt, Megan L., Kathleen Hlavaty, Camille Carlson, Mallory Schneider, Lauren Maddox, and Megan Skipper. "Heterogeneity Within Domestic Violence Exposure: Young Adults’ Retrospective Experiences." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 7 (June 1, 2016): 1512–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516651625.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Using Holden’s taxonomy of domestic violence (DV) exposure as a guiding framework, the current study examined young adults’ diverse DV exposure experiences. Twenty-five young adults (ages 19-25) exposed to father-perpetrated DV during their childhood and adolescence were interviewed using a qualitative descriptive design. Data analyses focused on coercive control exposure through reports of non-physical abuse tactics, types of exposure (e.g., direct, indirect), physical violence exposure (e.g., severity, frequency), and child abuse and harsh parenting practices. DV-exposed young adults were directly and indirectly exposed to physical violence and an array of non-physical abuse tactics toward their mothers. Young adults categorized as having been exposed to coercive controlling violence reported exposure to ongoing, non-physical abuse tactics and more frequent and severe physical violence. These young adults were also more likely to intervene and become victimized during physical violence and reported repeated episodes of child abuse and harsh parenting. Although coercive control appeared to be associated with physical violence and child abuse, generalizations should be made with caution as a few participants exposed to situational conflict were exposed to frequent and severe DV. The findings suggest that DV exposure should be measured in methodologically sophisticated ways to capture the heterogeneity in experiences, with the goal of promoting empirically driven intervention and prevention initiatives that are tailored to individual and family needs.
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Formentin, S., S. M. Savaresi, and L. Del Re. "Non-iterative direct data-driven controller tuning for multivariable systems: theory and application." IET Control Theory & Applications 6, no. 9 (2012): 1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2011.0204.
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Ray, Markqayne, Elyse Swallow, Kavita Gandhi, Christopher Carley, Vanja Sikirica, Travis Wang, Nicolae Done, James Signorovitch, and Arash Mostaghimi. "Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Part I—Real-World Treatment Patterns, Healthcare Resource Utilization, and Associated Costs in Later Lines of Therapy in the United States." Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research 9, no. 2 (July 29, 2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36469/jheor.2022.36229.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease of hair loss affecting people of all ages. Alopecia totalis (AT) and universalis (AU) involve scalp and total body hair loss, respectively. AA significantly affects quality of life, but evidence on the economic burden in adolescents is limited. Objectives: To assess healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and all-cause direct healthcare costs, including out-of-pocket (OOP) costs, of US adolescents with AA. Methods: IBM MarketScan® Commercial and Medicare databases were used to identify patients aged 12-17 years with ≥2 claims with AA/AT/AU diagnosis (prevalent cases), from October 1, 2015, to March 31, 2018, enrolled for ≥12 months before and after the first AA diagnosis (index). Patients were matched 1:3 to non-AA controls on index year, demographics, plan type, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Per patient per year HCRU and costs were compared post-index. Results: Patients comprised 130 AT/AU adolescents and 1105 non-AT/AU adolescents (53.8% female; mean age, 14.6 years). Post-index, AT/AU vs controls had more outpatient (14.5 vs 7.1) and dermatologist (3.6 vs 0.3) visits, higher mean plan costs ($9397 vs $2267), including medical ($7480 vs $1780) and pharmacy ($1918 vs $487) costs, and higher OOP costs ($2081 vs $751) (all P<.001). The non-AT/AU cohort vs controls had more outpatient (11.6 vs 8.0) and dermatologist (3.4 vs 0.4) visits, higher mean plan costs ($7587 vs $4496), and higher OOP costs ($1579 vs $805) (all P<.001). Discussion: This large-sample, real-world analysis found that adolescents with prevalent AA had significantly higher HCRU and all-cause costs than matched controls. The greater burden was driven by more frequent outpatient visits, and higher payer medical and pharmacy costs in comparison with controls. Oral corticosteroid use was higher among patients with AT/AU; topical and injectable corticosteroid use was higher for non-AT/AU. Although the data preclude the identification of AA-attributable costs, the matched-control design allows an estimation of incremental all-cause costs associated with AA. Conclusions: Adolescents with AA incurred substantial incremental healthcare costs, with greater costs incurred among those with AT/AU. Study findings suggest that AA incurs costs as a medical condition with a high burden on adolescent patients and health plans.
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Wang, Rongrong, Yangchun Wei, and Ronghu Chi. "Enhanced data-driven optimal iterative learning control for nonlinear non-affine discrete-time systems with iterative sliding-mode surface." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 42, no. 11 (January 28, 2020): 1923–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331219900593.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this work, an enhanced data-driven optimal iterative learning control (eDDOILC) is proposed for nonlinear nonaffine systems where a new iterative sliding mode surface (ISMS) is designed to replace the traditional tracking error in the controller design and analysis. It is the first time to extend the sliding mode surface to the iteration domain for systems operate repetitively over a finite time interval. By virtual of the new designed ISMS, the control design becomes more flexible where both the time and the iteration dynamics can be taken into account. Before proceeding to the controller design, an iterative dynamic linear data model is built between two consecutive iterations to formulate the linear input-output data relationship of the repetitive nonlinear nonaffine discrete-time system. The linear data model is virtual and does not have any physical meanings, which is very different to the traditional mechanism mathematical model. In the sequel, the eDDOILC is proposed by designing an objective function with respect to the proposed two-dimensional ISMS. Rigorous proof is provided to show the convergence of the proposed eDDOILC method. Furthermore, the results have been extended to a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) nonaffine nonlinear discrete-time repetitive system. In general, the proposed eDDOILC is data-driven where no explicit model information is included. It is illustrated that the presented eDDOILC is effective when applied to the nonlinear nonaffine uncertain systems.
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Stackpole, C. A., I. J. Clarke, A. I. Turner, and A. J. Tilbrook. "276. Sex difference in the effect of cortisol on the LH response of the pituitary to exogenous GnRH in hypothalamo-pituitary disconnected gonadectomised sheep." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 9 (2005): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb05abs276.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We have used the hypothalamo-pituitary disconnected (HPD) sheep model to investigate direct pituitary actions of cortisol to suppress LH secretion in response to exogenous GnRH. We previously observed that, during the non-breeding season, treatment with cortisol did not suppress the LH response to GnRH in HPD gonadectomised rams or ewes.1 In the present experiment, we tested the effect of cortisol on the LH response to exogenous GnRH in gonadectomised HPD sheep during the breeding season. Using a cross-over design, HPD gonadectomised Romney Marsh rams (n = 6) and ewes (n = 5) received a saline or cortisol (250 μg/kg/h) infusion for 30 h on each of two days, one week apart. All animals were treated with 125 ng i.v. injections of GnRH every 2 h during a 6h control period preceding the infusion and during the infusion. Jugular blood samples were taken during the control period and the first 6 h and last 6 h of the infusion (over 3 LH pulses). Mean plasma concentrations of LH and LH pulse amplitudes, driven by programmed GnRH injections, were similar in gonadectomised rams and ewes and there were no significant effects of saline infusion between the control periods or the saline infusion in either sex. The amplitude of LH pulses was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in rams during the first 6 h of the cortisol infusion compared to the control period, but there were no effects of the cortisol infusion in ewes. These data show that, in the absence of sex steroids, there is a sex difference in the mechanism by which cortisol acts at the pituitary to reduce LH secretion in response to exogenous GnRH in HPD gonadectomized sheep during the breeding season. We conclude that the effect of cortisol to reduce secretion of LH involves an action on the pituitary, at least in gonadectomised rams. (1)Stackpole CA, Turner AI, Clarke IJ and Tilbrook AJ (2003) Biology of Reproduction 36(Supplement 1), 288.
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Larson, Paul D. "Corruption, gender inequality and logistics performance." International Journal of Logistics Management 31, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 381–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-02-2019-0062.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop and test theory-driven hypotheses on the influence of corruption and gender inequality on logistics performance. Design/methodology/approach This paper develops hypotheses based on a review of the literature and theory linking corruption, gender inequality and logistics performance. Testing the hypotheses draws on the following secondary data sources: the World Bank Logistics Performance Index, Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index and the United Nations Development Programme Gender Inequality Index. Regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses. Findings A significant direct effect is evident between corruption perceptions and perceived logistics performance. Corruption is detrimental to logistics. Further, there is evidence of an indirect effect, via gender inequality. Gender inequality is also linked directly to lower logistics performance. Gross domestic product/capita enters the analysis as a control variable. Research limitations/implications While the analysis uses secondary data, sources are credible and their methods – while not perfect – are logical and appear to be reasonable. It is possible that excluded variables could further explain the relationships under study. This implies future research opportunities, perhaps involving case studies of specific nations. Practical implications The results should inspire businesses, non-governmental organizations and governments to invest in, aid, advocate for and legislate toward greater gender equality – and against corruption. Logistics educators have an important role in disseminating this message. Social implications Gender inequality and corruption are current, global social issues. Moving forward toward equality and away from corruption are the right moves. Such moves appear to also yield better logistics. Originality/value This paper is among the first linking corruption and gender inequality to logistics performance. It shows how social issues impact logistics performance at a national level.
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Lorenti, Gianmarco, Carlo Stefano Ragusa, Maurizio Repetto, and Luigi Solimene. "Data-Driven Constraint Handling in Multi-Objective Inductor Design." Electronics 12, no. 4 (February 4, 2023): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040781.
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This paper analyses the multi-objective design of an inductor for a DC-DC buck converter. The core volume and total losses are the two competing objectives, which should be minimised while satisfying the design constraints on the required differential inductance profile and the maximum overheating. The multi-objective optimisation problem is solved by means of a population-based metaheuristic algorithm based on Artificial Immune Systems (AIS). Despite its effectiveness in finding the Pareto front, the algorithm requires the evaluation of many candidate solutions before converging. In the case of the inductor design problem, the evaluation of a configuration is time-consuming. In fact, a non-linear iterative technique (fixed point) is needed to obtain the differential inductance profile of the configuration, as it may operate in conditions of partial saturation. However, many configurations evaluated during an optimisation do not comply with the design constraint, resulting in expensive and unnecessary calculations. Therefore, this paper proposes the adoption of a data-driven surrogate model in a pre-selection phase of the optimisation. The adopted model should classify newly generated configurations as compliant or not with the design constraint. Configurations classified as unfeasible are disregarded, thus avoiding the computational burden of their complete evaluation. Interesting results have been obtained, both in terms of avoided configuration evaluations and the quality of the Pareto front found by the optimisation procedure.
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Gorbaslieva, Ivana, Dana Mustafa, Robin Colenbier, Marc Peeters, Dirk Ysebaert, Vera Saldien, Luigi Brancato, Oleg Rudenko, Johan Van den Bossche, and John Paul Bogers. "Abstract A023: First in-human, safety and preliminary efficacy study of (neo)adjuvant, model-based, whole-body hyperthermia treatment in advanced solid cancer patients or stage IV (TxNxM1) metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients: Liquid biopsies." Cancer Research 82, no. 22_Supplement (November 15, 2022): A023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.panca22-a023.
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Abstract Hyperthermia, the procedure of raising the temperature of a part of the entire body above normal for a defined period of time, is applied alone or as an adjunctive treatment to various established cancer treatment modalities such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Whole-Body Hyperthermia (WBHT), in contrast to local or regional hyperthermia, represents the only hyperthermia modality available for patients with disseminated malignancies. The biological rationale for the treatment of malignant disease by heat is driven by a number of reasons; a) the survival of cells depends on the temperature and duration of heating in a predictable and repeatable way; b) the tumor cell environment (such as hypoxia, poor nutrition, and low pH) that negatively influences the tumor cell killing by ionizing radiation and some chemotherapy regimens, is beneficially influenced by heat therapy; c) the differential sensitivity of normal and tumor cells to heat is dependent on cell type and environmental conditions; d) heat treatment enhances the biological effect of both radiation and chemotherapy agents. The biological rationale is based on a direct cell-killing effect at temperatures in the range of 41– 42°C. A systematic review of van der Horst et al, 2018, addressed clinical trials that used local or whole-body hyperthermia treatment (at variable temperatures) in pancreatic cancer patients. In those described trials, the weighted estimate of the treated population median overall survival was 11.7 compared to 5.6 for the control cohorts. In addition, locoregional hyperthermia (42-44°C) clinical trials showed that the weighted estimate median overall survival of the treated population was 15 months compared to 9 months in control cohorts. The MATTERS trial is a first in-human clinical investigation in advanced solid cancer patients or pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients (TxNxM1). The justification of the design is based on evaluation of pre-clinical data and clinical evaluation of clinical data, safety and/or performance of similar devices/therapies. The study is a mono-centric, non-randomized trial in which the safety and preliminary efficacy of whole-body hyperthermia will be evidenced. Well designed and performed early-stage correlative studies have the potential to strongly influence further clinical development of oncology clinical trials, and correlative data obtained from early stage trials has the potential to provide important guidance on the design and ultimate success of later stage trials. Blood samples will be collected for analysis of immunological panels (e.g. cytokines, chemokines), exosome research, RNA expression profiles. Urine will be collected for analysis of exosome research. The samples will be collected during different timepoints (before, during and after treatment). Citation Format: Ivana Gorbaslieva, Dana Mustafa, Robin Colenbier, Marc Peeters, Dirk Ysebaert, Vera Saldien, Luigi Brancato, Oleg Rudenko, Johan Van den Bossche, John Paul Bogers. First in-human, safety and preliminary efficacy study of (neo)adjuvant, model-based, whole-body hyperthermia treatment in advanced solid cancer patients or stage IV (TxNxM1) metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients: Liquid biopsies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr A023.
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Francis, S. A., J. Elyan, M. Ogden, B. D. Franklin, K. L. Mattick, A. Kajamaa, and S. Yardley. "Prescribing and medication use for symptom control in palliative care: stakeholder engagement within an activity theory study." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 30, Supplement_1 (April 1, 2022): i43—i44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riac019.061.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Introduction People with palliative care needs often use prescription medication to achieve symptom control. Prescribing and medication use are complex, multi-step processes influenced by prescribers, patients, carers, and contexts. They are shaped by historically established divisions of labour and normative rules. However, in the care of palliative patients, approximately 20% of NHS serious incident reports involve prescription medications with causes and contributing factors poorly understood (1). Understanding the mismatches between what is intended to happen and what is experienced in practice is key to improving safety and confidence in palliative care. Phase one of this study focuses on how the processes of prescribing and medication use are intended to happen, and comprises stakeholder engagement (presented here) and a scoping review. Aim To develop a model of intended processes of prescribing and medication use for symptom control in palliative care across the contexts of home, hospital, and hospice. Methods Stakeholder engagement was undertaken with a purposive sample of participants who had an interest in, or direct experience of, palliative medications. Invitations to participate were sent to professional networks and a patient and public involvement group. Informal conversations with a topic guide including known steps in the processes of prescribing and medication use were held either via video-call (recorded with permission) or by email. Conversations were examined for content relating to steps in the processes, and for themes that ran across multiple steps. An iterative cycle of listening, identifying steps, theme attribution and development of an intended processes model was undertaken with each recording. Results Twenty video and one email conversations were conducted with 7 family carers, 4 pharmacists/pharmacy researchers, 4 specialist palliative care professionals, 3 non-clinical researchers and 3 general practitioners. Different steps in the intended processes of prescribing and medication use at home and in hospital were identified. Themes of decision-making, prescribing, monitoring/supply, use/administration, and stopping/disposal were all represented. Further themes of deprescribing, anticipatory medicines, and contexts of practice - including out-of-hours care - were all raised. The processes model that resulted was not linear and incorporated complex feedback loops that facilitated ‘tinkering’, safe-to-fail experiments, and negotiations balancing ‘gut feeling’ with protocols and patients’ wishes. Conclusion Engaging with carer and professional stakeholders as a preliminary step in our study provided opportunity for clarification of key concepts, exploration of the nature and diversity of experiences, and identification of knowledge gaps. Whilst our engagement work may have been limited with the inclusion of only one nursing representative and little discussion of the hospice context, these aspects together with the content and themes identified will inform the design of our scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute framework. Data from the stakeholder engagement and the scoping review will be combined to finalise a model of intended processes in prescribing and medication use in symptom control in palliative care. Phase two of this study is a focussed ethnography to develop an experienced processes model. Synthesising the intended (phase one) and experienced (phase two) processes models using activity theory (2) will lead to when, how, and why processes in prescribing and medication use are misaligned and to ways in which systems can be improved to support patients and their families. References (1) Yardley I, Yardley S, Williams H, Carson-Stevens A, Donaldson LJ. Patient safety in palliative care: A mixed-methods study of reports to a national database of serious incidents. Palliat Med. 2018;32(8):1353–62. (2) Engeström Y, Davydov V, Toulmin S, Lektorsky V, Tolman C, Cole M, et al. Theoretical Issues. In: Engeström Y, Miettinen R, Punämaki R-L, editors. Perspectives on Activity Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1999. p. 1–146.
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Lecky, Fiona, Wanda Russell, Gordon Fuller, Graham McClelland, Elspeth Pennington, Steve Goodacre, Kyee Han, et al. "The Head Injury Transportation Straight to Neurosurgery (HITS-NS) randomised trial: a feasibility study." Health Technology Assessment 20, no. 1 (January 2016): 1–198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta20010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BackgroundReconfiguration of trauma services, with direct transport of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients to neuroscience centres (NCs), bypassing non-specialist acute hospitals (NSAHs), could potentially improve outcomes. However, delays in stabilisation of airway, breathing and circulation (ABC) and the difficulties in reliably identifying TBI at scene may make this practice deleterious compared with selective secondary transfer from nearest NSAH to NC. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance and systematic reviews suggested equipoise and poor-quality evidence – with regard to ‘early neurosurgery’ in this cohort – which we sought to address.MethodsPilot cluster randomised controlled trial of bypass to NC conducted in two ambulance services with the ambulance station (n = 74) as unit of cluster [Lancashire/Cumbria in the North West Ambulance Service (NWAS) and the North East Ambulance Service (NEAS)]. Adult patients with signs of isolated TBI [Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of < 13 in NWAS, GCS score of < 14 in NEAS] and stable ABC, injured nearest to a NSAH were transported either to that hospital (control clusters) or bypassed to the nearest NC (intervention clusters). Primary outcomes: recruitment rate, protocol compliance, selection bias as a result of non-compliance, accuracy of paramedic TBI identification (overtriage of study inclusion criteria) and pathway acceptability to patients, families and staff. ‘Open-label’ secondary outcomes: 30-day mortality, 6-month Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions.ResultsOverall, 56 clusters recruited 293 (169 intervention, 124 control) patients in 12 months, demonstrating cluster randomised pre-hospital trials as viable for heath service evaluations. Overall compliance was 62%, but 90% was achieved in the control arm and when face-to-face paramedic training was possible. Non-compliance appeared to be driven by proximity of the nearest hospital and perceptions of injury severity and so occurred more frequently in the intervention arm, in which the perceived time to the NC was greater and severity of injury was lower. Fewer than 25% of recruited patients had TBI on computed tomography scan (n = 70), with 7% (n = 20) requiring neurosurgery (craniotomy, craniectomy or intracranial pressure monitoring) but a further 18 requiring admission to an intensive care unit. An intention-to-treat analysis revealed the two trial arms to be equivalent in terms of age, GCS and severity of injury. No significant 30-day mortality differences were found (8.8% vs. 9.1/%;p > 0.05) in the 273 (159/113) patients with data available. There were no apparent differences in staff and patient preferences for either pathway, with satisfaction high with both. Very low responses to invitations to consent for follow-up in the large number of mild head injury-enrolled patients meant that only 20% of patients had 6-month outcomes. The trial-based economic evaluation could not focus on early neurosurgery because of these low numbers but instead investigated the comparative cost-effectiveness of bypass compared with selective secondary transfer for eligible patients at the scene of injury.ConclusionsCurrent NHS England practice of bypassing patients with suspected TBI to neuroscience centres gives overtriage ratios of 13 : 1 for neurosurgery and 4 : 1 for TBI. This important finding makes studying the impact of bypass to facilitate early neurosurgery not plausible using this study design. Future research should explore an efficient comparative effectiveness design for evaluating ‘early neurosurgery through bypass’ and address the challenge of reliable TBI diagnosis at the scene of injury.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN68087745.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment; Vol. 20, No. 1. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Meng, Max Q.-H., and Hong Zhang. "Perspectives of Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 8, no. 3 (May 20, 2004): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2004.p0235.
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As people attempt to build biomimetic robots and realize automation processes through artificial intelligence, computational intelligence plays a very important role in robotics and automation. This special issue contains several important papers that address various aspects of computational intelligence in robotics and automation. While acknowledging its limited coverage, this special issue offers a range of interesting contributions such as intelligent trajectory planning for flying and land mobile robots, fuzzy decision making, control of rigid and teleoperated robots, modeling of human sensations, and intelligent sensor fusion techniques. Let us scan through these contributions of this special issue. The first paper, "Planar Spline Trajectory Following for an Autonomous Helicopter," by Harbick et al., proposes a technique for planar trajectory following for an autonomous aerial robot. A trajectory is modeled as a planar spline. A behavior-based control system stabilizes the robot and enforces trajectory following of an autonomous helicopter with a reasonable trajectory tracking error on the order of the size of the helicopter (1.8m). In the second paper, "A Biologically Inspired Approach to Collision-Free Path Planning and Tracking Control of a Mobile Robot," by Yang et al., a novel biologically inspired neural network approach is proposed for dynamic collision-free path planning and stable tracking control of a nonholonomic mobile robot in a non-stationary environment, based on shunting equations derived from Hodgkin and Huxley's biological membrane equation. The third paper, "Composite Fuzzy Measure and Its Application to Decision Making," by Kaino and Kaoru, builds a composite fuzzy measure from fuzzy measures defined on fuzzy measurable spaces using composite fuzzy weights by the authors, with a successful application to an automobile factory capital investment decision making problem. In "Intelligent Control of a Miniature Climbing Robot," by Xiao et al., a fuzzy logic based intelligent optimal control system for a miniature climbing robot to achieve precision motion control, minimized power consumption, and versatile behaviors is presented with validation via experimental studies. The fifth paper, "Incorporating Motivation in a Hybrid Robot Architecture," by Stoytchev and Arkin, describes a hybrid mobile robot architecture capable of deliberative planning, reactive control, and motivational drives, which addresses three main challenges for robots living in human-inhabited environments: operating in dynamic and unpredictable environment, dealing with high-level human commands, and engaging human users. Experimental results for a fax delivery mission in a normal office environment are included. In the next paper, "Intelligent Scaling Control for Internet-based Teleoperation," by Liu et al., an adaptive scaling control scheme, with a neural network based time-delay prediction algorithm trained using the maximum entropy principle, is proposed with successful experimental studies on an Internet mobile robot platform. The next paper, "Feature Extraction of Robot Sensor Data Using Factor Analysis for Behavior Learning," by Fung and Liu, discusses important knowledge extraction of sensor data for robot behavior learning using a new approach based on the inter-correlation of sensor data via factor analysis and construction of logical perceptual space by hypothetical latent factors. Experimental results are included to demonstrate the process of logical perceptual space extraction from ultrasonic range data for robot behavior learning. "Trajectory Planning of Mobile Robots Using DNA Computing," by Kiguchi et al., presents an optimal trajectory planning method for mobile robots using Watson-Crick pairing to find the shortest trajectory in the robot working area with the DNA sequences representing the locations of the obstacles removed during the process. The proposed algorithm is especially suitable for computing on a DNA molecular computer. In the ninth paper, "Computational Intelligence for Modeling Human Sensations in Virtual Environments," by Lee and Xu, cascade neural networks with node-decoupled extended Kalman filter training for modeling human sensations in virtual environments are proposed, with a stochastic similarity measure based on hidden Markov models to calculate the relative similarity between model-generated sensations and actual human sensations. A new input selection technique, based on independent component analysis capable of reducing the data size and selecting the stimulus information, is developed and reported. The next paper, "Intelligent Sensor Fusion in Robotic Prosthetic Eye System," by Gu et al., is concerned with the design, sensing and control of a robotic prosthetic eye that moves horizontally in synchronization with the movement of the natural eye. It discusses issues on sensor failure detection and recovery and sensor data fusion techniques using statistical methods and artificial neural network based methods. Simulation and experimental results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the results. The final contribution in our collection is a paper by Sun et al., entitled "A Position Control of Direct-Drive Robot Manipulators with PMAC Motors Using Enhanced Fuzzy PD Control." It presents a simple and easy-to-implement position control scheme for direct-drive robot manipulators based on enhanced fuzzy PD control, incorporating two nonlinear tracking differentiators into a conventional PD controller. Experiments on a single-link manipulator directly driven by a permanent magnet AC (PMAC) motor demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach. The Guest Editors would like to thank the contributors and reviewers of this special issue for their time and effort in making this special issue possible. They would also like to express their sincere appreciation to the JACIII editorial board, especially Profs. Kaoru and Fukuda, Editors-in-Chief and Kenta Uchino, Managing Editor, for the opportunity and help they provided for us to put together this special issue.
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Elnashef, B., and S. Filin. "DIRECT ESTIMATION OF THE RELATIVE ORIENTATION IN UNDERWATER ENVIRONMENT." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-2-2020 (August 3, 2020): 665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-2-2020-665-2020.
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Abstract. While accuracy, detail, and limited time on site make photogrammetry a valuable means for underwater mapping, the establishment of reference control networks in such settings is oftentimes difficult. In that respect, the use of the coplanarity constraint becomes a valuable solution as it requires neither knowledge of object space coordinates nor setting a reference control network. Nonetheless, imaging in such domains is subjected to non-linear and depth-dependent distortions, which are caused by refractive media that alter the standard single viewpoint geometry. Accordingly, the coplanarity relation, as formulated for the in-air case does not hold in such environment and methods that have been proposed thus far for geometrical modeling of its effect require knowledge of object-space quantities. In this paper we propose a geometrically-driven approach which fulfills the coplanarity condition and thereby requires no knowledge of object space data. We also study a linear model for the establishment of this constraints. Clearly, a linear form requires neither first approximations nor iterative convergence scheme. Such an approach may prove useful not only for object space reconstruction but also as a preparatory step for application of bundle block adjustment and for outlier detection. All are key features in photogrammetric practices. Results show that no unique setup is needed for estimating the relative orientation parameters using the model and that high levels of accuracy can be achieved.
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Bennett, Kevin B., Adam Bryant, and Christen Sushereba. "Ecological Interface Design for Computer Network Defense." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 60, no. 5 (May 9, 2018): 610–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720818769233.
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Objective: A prototype ecological interface for computer network defense (CND) was developed. Background: Concerns about CND run high. Although there is a vast literature on CND, there is some indication that this research is not being translated into operational contexts. Part of the reason may be that CND has historically been treated as a strictly technical problem, rather than as a socio-technical problem. Methods: The cognitive systems engineering (CSE)/ecological interface design (EID) framework was used in the analysis and design of the prototype interface. A brief overview of CSE/EID is provided. EID principles of design (i.e., direct perception, direct manipulation and visual momentum) are described and illustrated through concrete examples from the ecological interface. Results: Key features of the ecological interface include (a) a wide variety of alternative visual displays, (b) controls that allow easy, dynamic reconfiguration of these displays, (c) visual highlighting of functionally related information across displays, (d) control mechanisms to selectively filter massive data sets, and (e) the capability for easy expansion. Cyber attacks from a well-known data set are illustrated through screen shots. Conclusion: CND support needs to be developed with a triadic focus (i.e., humans interacting with technology to accomplish work) if it is to be effective. Iterative design and formal evaluation is also required. The discipline of human factors has a long tradition of success on both counts; it is time that HF became fully involved in CND. Application: Direct application in supporting cyber analysts.
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Al-Kazzaz, Dhuha A. "Constraint-Based Design Formation - A Case Study of Wind Effects on High-Rise Building Designs." International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 17, no. 2 (April 27, 2022): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.170210.
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The use of constraint-based knowledge assists designers in making well-informed decisions at different stages of digital design process. A constraint is conceived as a direct control on design formation, or as a filter which does not impose a control over a formation process. The paper aims to gain insights into the ways the designers manipulate constraints in the digital design process. It investigated whether the same type of buildings, designed by the same or different architects, presents different approaches to deal with the same constraint. Scenarios of handling a constraint using shaping and validation processes were identified before initial modelling, through modelling, and after modelling. Constraints can effectively participate in design formation by proposing a new shape or a typical shape at pre-modelling. They are refining or developing the initial design through modelling, and optimizing or enhancing the design after modelling. Furthermore, constraints play significant roles in the feasibility study of design solutions. This is done by evaluating the initial forms and selecting the fittest through modelling, in addition to testing and filtering the solution space after modelling, and approving the final design. The paper examined the impact of wind on the morphology of twelve contemporary tower designs. The findings support the opinion that constraints may not restrict the designer’s free will, inspiration, and creativity. They revealed that different scenarios of wind-driven processes had implemented at different design stages even by the same designer. The wind constraint had a substantial impact on the derivation of new morphologies. Through modelling, it had an active role in the refinement of the initial architectural and structural design. Constraint-based design was handled in iterative processes of evaluating and developing or refining the initial forms through modelling; and optimizing or enhancing, testing, and approving the final forms after modelling.
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Marcsa, Daniel, and Miklós Kuczmann. "Closed loop voltage control of a solenoid using parallel finite element method." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 35, no. 4 (July 4, 2016): 1439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-09-2015-0339.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the importance of model accuracy in closed loop control by the help of parallel finite element model of a voltage-fed solenoid with iron core. Design/methodology/approach – The axisymmetric formulation of the domain decomposition-based circuit-coupled finite element method (FEM) is embedded in a closed loop control system. The control parameters for the proportional-integral (PI) controller were estimated using the step response of the analytical, static and dynamic model of the solenoid. The controller measures the error of the output of the model after each time step and controls the applied voltage to reach the steady state as fast as possible. Findings – The results of the closed loop system simulation show why the model accuracy is important in the stage of the controller design. The FEM offers higher accuracy that the analytic model attained with magnetic circuit theory, because the inductance and resistance variation already take into account in the numerical calculation. Furthermore, parallel FEM incorporating domain decomposition to reduce the increased computation time. Originality/value – A closed loop control with PI controllers is applied for a voltage driven finite element model. The high computation time of the numerical model in the control loop is decreased by the finite element tearing and interconnecting method with direct and iterative solver.
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Azul, Melissa, and David K. Wood. "Voxelotor Improves Sickle Red Blood Cell Flow Under Hypoxia in a Microfluidic Venule." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-139529.
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Introduction Sickle cell disease affects a large population both nationally and globally. The disease is characterized by the presence of sickle hemoglobin, HbS, which polymerizes the red blood cell into a stiff, sickle shape upon deoxygenation. This polymerization causes several complications, most notably, vaso-occlusion. Voxelotor (Oxbryta, Global Blood Therapeutics) is a newly FDA approved therapeutic for the treatment of sickle cell disease that, when bound to HbS, maintains the oxy-Hb state and inhibits polymerization. Previous studies have demonstrated voxelotor's ability to improve the deformability of the sickle red blood cell (sRBC) via micropippeting and reduce viscosity under hypoxia through using a viscosmeter(Dufu et al, 2018), however its effect under dynamic flow conditions has yet to be explored. Microfluidic devices have served as useful tools to study sickle cell disease, allowing investigation under physiologic conditions of the rheological properties of the sRBC. In this experimental study we aim to examine voxelotor's effect on rheological properties of blood using a microfluidic platform that allows for direct observation of sickled blood flow in a physiologic relevant system. Materials and Methods Whole blood was drawn from 6 patients with sickle cell disease (HbSS or HbSC) as a part of routine blood work under an IRB approved protocol. The cohort included both pediatric and adult patients both on and off hydroxyurea. A stock solution of voxelotor in DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) was mixed and stored in -20C until use. Red blood cells (RBCs) were isolated using centrifugation and fixed to 25% hematocrit with saline. Voxelotor was added to the blood samples for a final concentration of 500 uM. Voxelotor treated samples were then incubated at 37C for one hour. An untreated, non-incubated aliquot from each patient sample was also obtained to serve a control. From two patient samples, a DMSO vehicle control was also incubated at 37C for one hour to serve as an additional control. Using an electronic pressure regulator, blood from each treatment was then driven through a microfluidic device at a constant pressure and was exposed to hypoxic conditions while RBC velocity data was collected. The microfluidic device design and fabrication in this experiment is described in previously published studies(Wood et al, 2012; Valdez et al, 2019). Briefly, a 3-layer microfluidic device constructed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) consists of a blood, hydration, and gas layer. Saline is perfused through the hydration layer to prevent blood evaporation throughout the experiment. Oxygen gas is pushed through the gas layer, exposing flowing blood to a specific oxygen tension achieved using a mixing setup supplied by air and nitrogen tanks. A fiber optic sensor records oxygen tension within the gas layer throughout the experiment. Deoxygenation-oxygenation cycles were conducted using oxygen saturations from 0 to 21% (0 to 160mmHg pO2). With each deoxygenation cycle after 0%, oxygen saturations were up titrated in a stepwise fashion until oxygen-independent flow was observed. RBC velocity was evaluated by tracking cell movement in the microchannel using high frame-rate imaging and computation video processing. Results and Conclusion A reduction in velocity occurs when sickle RBCs are exposed to deoxygenated conditions as seen in one sample example tracing in figure 1. However, the addition of voxelotor at 500 uM improved the blood flow response to deoxygenation, as RBCs treated with voxelotor had a reduction in velocity change compared to vehicle control and untreated samples when exposed to hypoxic conditions as low as 0 mmgHg oxygen (figure 2). Additionally, voxelotor treated samples began to experience oxygen-independent velocity at lower oxygen tensions compared to the controls. By inhibiting polymerization, voxelotor improves sensitivity of sickle RBC blood flow response in hypoxic conditions. While polymerization is one aspect of sickle cell disease, we would like to explore further effects of voxelotor on other aspects of the understood pathophysiology of the disease such as effects on adhesion in future experiments. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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da Costa Ferreira, Douglas, Fábio Roberto Chavarette, Cláudio Henrique Cerqueira Costa Basquerotto, and Nelson José Peruzzi. "Non-Ideal Excitation Approach for Piezoelectric Vibration Based Energy Harvesting." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 2160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.2160.
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Common solution for energy harvester device is project design according harmonic excitation around natural frequency matching excitation source. Environment vibration is random and wide band causing short time of resonance in disagreement of project objectives. Control driven of energy harvesting to take advantage of the higher vibration range can results in greater energy converted. This study investigates a non-ideal excitation behavior and their efficiency in convert electricity via piezoelectric direct effect from the available system energy compared to harmonic excitation source. Numeric evaluation was performed based in bimorph piezoelectric beam in dimensionless consideration. Chaos behavior and harvest energy capability were compared from non-ideal to harmonic excitation. Results demonstrate considerable higher quantity of energy available for non-ideal approach compared to harmonic resonant design and encourages advance study to control and enhance energy from random and wide band vibration source.
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Tian, Lu, Zi Ye, and Lin Gui. "A Study of Dielectrophoresis-Based Liquid Metal Droplet Control Microfluidic Device." Micromachines 12, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12030340.
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This study presents a dielectrophoresis-based liquid metal (LM) droplet control microfluidic device. Six square liquid metal electrodes are fabricated beneath an LM droplet manipulation pool. By applying different voltages on the different electrodes, a non-uniform electric field is formed around the LM droplet, and charges are induced on the surface of the droplet accordingly, so that the droplet could be driven inside the electric field. With a voltage of ±1000 V applied on the electrodes, the LM droplets are driven with a velocity of 0.5 mm/s for the 2.0 mm diameter ones and 1.0 mm/s for the 1.0 mm diameter ones. The whole chip is made of PDMS, and microchannels are fabricated by laser ablation. In this device, the electrodes are not in direct contact with the working droplets; a thin PDMS film stays between the electrodes and the driven droplets, preventing Joule heat or bubble formation during the experiments. To enhance the flexibility of the chip design, a gallium-based alloy with melting point of 10.6 °C is used as electrode material in this device. This dielectrophoresis (DEP) device was able to successfully drive liquid metal droplets and is expected to be a flexible approach for liquid metal droplet control.
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Tang, Kunhao, Sanhua Zhang, and Youlong Wu. "Optimization and control of fuel cell thermal management system based on neural network." Thermal Science 25, no. 4 Part B (2021): 2933–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2104933t.
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Aiming at the direct methanol fuel cell system is too complicated, difficult to model, and the thermal management system needs to be optimized. The article attempts to bypass the internal complexity of direct methanol fuel cell, based on experimental data, use neural networks to approximate arbitrarily complex non-linear functions ability to apply neural network identification methods to direct methanol fuel cell, a highly non-linear thermal management system optimization modelling. The paper uses 1000 sets of battery voltage and current density experimental data as training samples and uses an improved back propagation neural network to establish a battery voltage-current density dynamic response model at different temperatures. The simulation results show that this method is feasible, and the established model has high accuracy. It makes it possible to design the real-time controller of the direct methanol fuel cell and optimize the thermal energy manage?ment system?s efficiency.
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Ahmadi, Seyed Mohammad, and Mohammad Mehdi Fateh. "On the Taylor series asymptotic tracking control of robots." Robotica 37, no. 3 (October 12, 2018): 405–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574718001078.
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SUMMARYAchieving the asymptotic tracking control of electrically driven robot manipulators is a challenging problem due to approximation/modelling error arising from parametric and non-parametric uncertainty. Thanks to the specific property of Taylor series systems as they are universal approximators, this research outlines two robust control schemes using an adaptive Taylor series system for robot manipulators, including actuators' dynamics. First, an indirect adaptive controller is designed such as to approximate an uncertain continuous function by using a Taylor series system in the proposed control law. Second, a direct adaptive scheme is established to employ the Taylor series system as a controller. In both controllers, not only a robustifying term is constructed using the estimation of the upper bound of approximation/modelling error, but the closed-loop stability, as well as the asymptotic convergence of joint-space tracking error and its time derivative, is ensured. Due to the design of the Taylor series system in the tracking error space, our technique clearly has an advantage over fuzzy and neural network-based control methods in terms of the small number of tuning parameters and inputs. The proposed methods are simple, model free in decentralized forms, no need for uncertainty bounding functions and perfectly capable of dealing with parametric and non-parametric uncertainty and measurement noise. Finally, simulation results are introduced to confirm the efficiency of the proposed control methods.
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Prüßmann, Jannik, Georg Männel, Christian Brendle, and Philipp Rostalski. "Feedback Linearization of a Blower in an Anesthesia Workstation." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 8, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2022-1070.
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Abstract Radial compressors, Blowers, which are often used in modern devices for medical ventilation, are known to have non-linear dynamics regarding the generated pressure. To make them accessible for the large field of linear control theory their model needs to be linearized. This paper uses a gray box model of a blower driven by a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor to design a controller based on feedback linearization. The controller is designed to achieve approximate linear closed loop behavior of the system. The controller is then evaluated concerning reference tracking and disturbance rejection in simulation and on a demonstrator system. The evaluation showed that an approximate linear closed loop behavior was achieved.
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Arianti, Baiq Ida, Hairunnisyah Sahidu, Ahmad Harjono, and Gunawan Gunawan. "Pengaruh Model Direct Instruction Berbantuan Simulasi Virtual Terhadap Penguasaan Konsep Siswa." Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika dan Teknologi 2, no. 4 (April 22, 2017): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jpft.v2i4.307.
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Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan desain non-equivalent control grup design. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas X MIA MAN 2 Praya. Sampel penelitian diperoleh siswa kelas X MIA-1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas X MIA-2 sebagai kelas kontrol. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan uji-t polled varians dengan taraf signifikan 5%, dan diperoleh hasil thitung =2,54 dan ttabel = 2,02. Oleh karena thitung >ttabel, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa model direct instruction berbantuan simulasi virtual berpengaruh terhadap penguasaan konsep fisika siswa
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Reddix, Michael D., Matthew E. Funke, Micah J. Kinney, John L. Bradley, Greg Irvin, Everett J. Rea, Christina K. Kunkle, Mary B. McCann, and Jacqueline Gomez. "Evaluation of Aircrew Low-Intensity Threat Laser Eye Protection." Military Medicine 184, Supplement_1 (March 1, 2019): 593–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usy335.
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Abstract Prototype low-intensity threat laser eye protection (LIT-LEP) spectacles were evaluated for US Coast Guard (USCG) cockpits and night vision goggle compatibility. The impetus for interest in aviation LIT-LEP is driven in part by the fact that easily accessible 0.5–2.0 W high-power laser pointers exceed safety standards for direct on-axis viewing. A repeated-measures experimental design was used to assess LIT-LEP performance relative to a no-LEP control for the following tasks: Near- and far contrast acuity, night vision goggle far-contrast acuity, emissive and non-emissive light source color-vision screening, and USCG multifunctional display color symbol discrimination reaction time and accuracy. Near- and far-contrast acuity results demonstrated good LIT-LEP performance for typical in- and out-of-cockpit lighting conditions. Night vision goggle performance suffered marginally at only one contrast level (85%; 20/30 acuity line). Color vision test results showed good color balance in that S-, M-, and L-cone performance did not demonstrate a clinical diagnostic color defect for emissive or non-emissive light sources when wearing LIT-LEP. Color symbol discrimination reaction-time-task results based on inverse efficiency scores revealed that some non-primary flight display colors exhibited a combination of slower speed and decreased accuracy. The findings will contribute to an acquisition decision as well as guide future LEP designs.
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Lee, ShiKeat, Zhenguo Nie, Handing Xu, Kai Hu, Hanwei Lin, Fugui Xie, and Xin-jun Liu. "Intramedullary Skeletal Distraction Robot: Novel Design and Optimization of Implantable Lengthening Nail." Machines 10, no. 10 (September 23, 2022): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10100843.
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Leg Length Discrepancy (LLD) is a critical problem which not only impacts the quality of life but also causes other physical ailments such as limping and severe back pain. Most people had a non-negligible difference in the length of their two legs, and 0.1% of the population with differences of 20 mm or more are diagnosed as a difference in limb length. The Ilizarov external fixator is commonly used in treating LLD as conventional therapeutic equipment, but often causes serious complications that cannot be prevented. Therefore, intramedullary leg-lengthening treatment has become popular in distraction osteogenesis to eliminate extracorporeal surgery. This paper presents a study on the design and optimization of a novel electromagnetic-driven Intramedullary Skeletal Distraction Robot (ISDR) with robust mechanical stiffness and surplus electromagnetic driving force. Compared with PRECICE, the split structure of ISDR eases the optimal design and manufacturing difficulties to strengthen mechanical stiffness, and the electromagnetic configuration allows improving the distraction force by adjusting the Permanent Magnet Brushless Direct Current (PMBLDC) motor parameters. ISDR, which is implanted in the medullary cavity, has the Von-Mises stress of 952.15 MPa, and the first mode of natural frequency is 28.823 Hz indicating that it can withstand the load during the walking gait phases. On the other hand, the ISDR distraction force encounters resistance from muscle fibers, and an average driving torque of 9 Nmm ensures its distraction. Based on the results, ISDR is proven secure and reliable during and after leg-lengthening treatment, which can significantly reduce lifestyle disruption and medical complications.
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Xia, J., Y. Han, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhang, and S. Wan. "Non-additive effect of day and night warming on soil respiration in a temperate steppe." Biogeosciences Discussions 6, no. 2 (April 21, 2009): 4385–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-6-4385-2009.
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Abstract. This study was conducted to examine potentially differential effects of day and night warming on soil respiration in a temperate steppe in northern China. A full factorial design with day and night warming was used in this study, including control (C), day (6 a.m.–6 p.m., local time; D) warming, night (6 p.m.–6 a.m.; N) warming, and diurnal warming (W). Day warming showed neutral effect on soil respiration, whereas night warming significantly increased soil respiration by 7.1% over the first 3 growing seasons. The insignificant effect of day warming on soil respiration could be attributable to the offset of the direct positive effects by the indirect negative effects via aggravating water limitation and suppressing ecosystem C assimilation. The positive effects of night warming on soil respiration were largely due to the stimulation of ecosystem C uptake and substrate supply via over-compensation of plant photosynthesis. In addition, day and night warming showed antagonistic effects on soil respiration, which could be ascribed to their contrasting effects on ecosystem C assimilation. The results suggest differential and non-additive effects of day and night warming on soil respiration, which was driven by the treatment-induced changes in substrate supply.
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Ayustiani, Ayustiani, Aceng Haetami, and Yuniati Tewa. "PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KIMIA SISWA KELAS X IPA PADA MATERI POKOK LARUTAN ELEKTROLIT DAN NON ELEKTROLIT." Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Halu Oleo 6, no. 2 (September 7, 2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36709/jpkim.v6i2.18731.
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This study aims to determine: (1) Description of students' chemistry learning outcomes on electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution materials taught using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model and by using the direct learning model; and (2) increasing student learning outcomes (N-gain) on electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solution materials taught using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model and by using the direct learning model. The method used in this study was a quasi-experimental design using a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample in this study were students of class X IPA1 as the experimental class who were treated using the Problem Based Learning learning model and class X IPA2 as the control class treated with the direct learning model. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the data were: (1) Description of Chemistry learning outcomes of students who were taught using the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model obtained an average value of 63.64 for the pre-test and 76.46 for the post-test. Meanwhile, the learning outcomes of students who were taught with the direct learning model had an average pre-test of 54.43 and an average post-test score of 61.57; (2) The increase in student learning outcomes after learning using Problem Based Learning (PBL) of 0.35 (medium category) is greater than the increase in student learning outcomes in learning using the direct learning model of 0.15 (low category). This indicates that the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model is applied effectively to students' chemistry learning outcomes.
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Longtine, Craig A., David W. Ragsdale, and Edward B. Radcliffe. "Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1997A." Arthropod Management Tests 23, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/23.1.127a.
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Abstract This trial was located in a non-irrigated commercial potato field near Hollandale in southern Minnesota. Plots consisted of a single treatment row 25 ft in length bordered on each side by two untreated guard rows. Plant spacing was 36 inches between rows and 12 inches between plants within rows. Treatments were replicated four times in a completely randomized design. Treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer fitted with a single Teejet 8003-E flat-fan nozzle delivering 40 gpa/acre at 35 psi. All treatments were applied on 2 Jul. Spraying conditions were windy, but winds were constant. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of early instars (first and second) and late instars (third and fourth) were made on every plant in each plot on 3 Jul. The data were subjected to analyses of variance following log10(x +1) transformation.
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Paul, Justin, and Pravin Jadhav. "Institutional determinants of foreign direct investment inflows: evidence from emerging markets." International Journal of Emerging Markets 15, no. 2 (August 9, 2019): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-11-2018-0590.
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Purpose Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a strategic decision for achieving competitive advantage by multinational enterprises. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of institutional determinants of FDI using data from 24 emerging markets including China, India, Indonesia, Turkey, Thailand, Malaysia and Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach In order to identify factors that attract FDI in emerging markets, this study has used data from sources such as the World Bank, Index of Economic Freedom and UNCTAD. Findings The findings of this research indicate that infrastructure quality, trade cost measured by tariff and non-tariff barriers, institutional quality measured by effective rule of law, political stability, regulatory quality and control on corruption are significant determinants of FDI in emerging markets. Originality/value This is the first study to analyze the sectoral institutional determinants of Inward FDI in the important emerging economies, to the best of authors’ knowledge.
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Hassan, Marwa, Alsnosy Balbaa, Hanady Issa, and Noha El-Amary. "Asymptotic Output Tracked Artificial Immunity Controller for Eco-Maximum Power Point Tracking of Wind Turbine Driven by Doubly Fed Induction Generator." Energies 11, no. 10 (October 2, 2018): 2632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102632.
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This paper aims to design a controller for a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) targeting the Eco-Maximum Power Point Tracking (EMPPT) for environmental aspects. The proposed controller consists of two clusters, which are the novel Artificial Immunity sensorless Eco-Maximum Power Point Tracking (AI EMPPT) and the asymptotic non-linear control techniques. The main target of the AI EMPPT is to reduce the carbon dioxide emission by generating the maximum possible power from the renewable electrical energy resource, which is wind electrical power generation to replace the fossil-fuel conventional generation. To build the AI EMPPT, an Artificial Immunity System Estimator (AISE) based on artificial immunity technique and a Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) are used to estimate the DFIG rotor speed. Then, the AI EMPPT is applied to provide the reference electromagnetic torque signal. Subsequently, the reference electromagnetic torque interacts with the estimated generator speed, determined by the wind mechanical power, to supply the wind electrical power. The second cluster is the asymptotic non-linear control technique which proposes the reference signal tracking of the rotor direct and quadratic current, respectively. Thus, assigning specific zeros through feedback ensures the reproduction of an output that converges asymptotically to a required reference rotor current. For online operation, the Artificial Immunity Technique (AIT) is utilized to deal with the generated control reference signal. A proposal hardware implementation on Field Programmed Gate Array (FPGA) is also presented. The introduced approach was applied to a wind turbine generator driving a 3.7 kW load. MATLAB program was used to simulate and test the performance of the proposed control methods. The results to show the effectiveness of the proposed technique. The reduction in CO2 emission was calculated.
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Maule, Luca, Alessandro Luchetti, Matteo Zanetti, Paolo Tomasin, Marco Pertile, Mattia Tavernini, Giovanni M. A. Guandalini, and Mariolino De Cecco. "RoboEye, an Efficient, Reliable and Safe Semi-Autonomous Gaze Driven Wheelchair for Domestic Use." Technologies 9, no. 1 (February 24, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies9010016.
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Any severe motor disability is a condition that limits the ability to interact with the environment, even the domestic one, caused by the loss of control over one’s mobility. This work presents RoboEYE, a power wheelchair designed to allow users to move easily and autonomously within their homes. To achieve this goal, an innovative, cost-effective and user-friendly control system was designed, in which a non-invasive eye tracker, a monitor, and a 3D camera represent some of the core elements. RoboEYE integrates functionalities from the mobile robotics field into a standard power wheelchair, with the main advantage of providing the user with two driving options and comfortable navigation. The most intuitive and direct modality foresees the continuous control of frontal and angular wheelchair velocities by gazing at different areas of the monitor. The second, semi-autonomous modality allows navigation toward a selected point in the environment by just pointing and activating the wished destination while the system autonomously plans and follows the trajectory that brings the wheelchair to that point. The purpose of this work was to develop the control structure and driving interface designs of the aforementioned driving modalities taking into account also uncertainties in gaze detection and other sources of uncertainty related to the components to ensure user safety. Furthermore, the driving modalities, in particular the semi-autonomous one, were modeled and qualified through numerical simulations and experimental verification by testing volunteers, who are regular users of standard electric wheelchairs, to verify the efficiency, reliability and safety of the proposed system for domestic use. RoboEYE resulted suitable for environments with narrow passages wider than 1 m, which is comparable with a standard domestic door and due to its properties with large commercialization potential.
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Afgani, Muhammad Win, Didi Suryadi, and Jarnawi Afgani Dahlan. "The enhancement of pre-service mathematics teachers’ mathematical understanding ability through ACE teaching cyclic." Journal of Technology and Science Education 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jotse.441.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study was to investigate the enhancement of the mathematical understanding ability of pre-service mathematics teachers through Activity-Class Discussion-Exercise (ACE) teaching cyclic based on APOS theory. This study used a quasi-experiment method with non-equivalent pre-post test control group design. The subjects of this study were 120 pre-service mathematics teachers from two universities in Palembang, Indonesia. The subjects were divided into two class, that is, experiment and control class. Experiment class was a class that is applied ADE teaching cyclic based on APOS theory, whereas control class was a class that is applied direct learning. The subjects were also divided into three groups of mathematical initial ability, that is, high, average, and low. The Instruments used in this study were mathematical initial ability test, mathematical understanding ability test, observation, and interview. Data analysis tests used in this study were statistic test of parametric and non-parametric. The results of data analysis showed that 1) there is no significant difference between the improvement of mathematical understanding ability of pre-service mathematics teachers applied ACE teaching cyclic based on APOS theory and direct learning in terms of overall and the group of mathematical initial ability, 2) there is no interaction between learning factors (APOS and direct learning) and the group of mathematical initial ability (high, average, and low) to the improvement of mathematical understanding ability of pre-service mathematics teachers.
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Relaiza, Héctor Raúl Santa María, Luis Alberto Lira Núñez, María Milagros Sánchez Temple, Percy Samuel Yabar Miranda, and Irma Esperanza Aybar Bellido. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Control." International Journal of Professional Business Review 8, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): e936. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i1.936.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between CSR and financial control; to achieve this, references were taken from different authors reviewing the state of the art with the purpose of an exhaustive understanding of the subject. Methodology: The research was based on a quantitative approach, non-experimental, cross-sectional design and a sample of 60 private educational institutions. Data were collected through two instruments that counted with reliability and validity: the CSR instrument obtained a reliability of 0.824 and the financial control, a 0.821. Conclusions: As a result, it was found that 96.7% of the promoters showed high social responsibility and financial control of the institutions in their charge. Likewise, a Spearman's Rho of 0.769 was obtained with a p= 0.000. It is concluded that there is a direct, significant and positive relationship between CSR and financial control; therefore, it was determined that educational institutions, under the supervision of the Local Educational Management Unit, improve their financial control. Implications of the Research: The world is focused on how companies practice corporate social responsibility (CSR) due to the fact that economic activities, which each company exercises, affect society and the environment.
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Islamiyah, Zulfa Husniatul, and Windra Eka Lestari. "Pengaruh Model Project-Based Learning Berbasis Alat Peraga Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas VII MTS Raudhatul Thalabah." Al-Khwarizmi: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/jpmipa.v6i2.300.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract:The purpose of this research was to know the influence of Project-Based Learning models by Props toward critical thinking of the seventh grade students in Mathematic learning. The design of the study was true-experimental research design with non-equivalent post-test only control group design. On the experimental group it was applied Project-Based Learning model, where as in the control group it was applied a conventional learning model. The data were collected through documentations as written test. This study concluded that students who follow the cooperative project-based learning are more critical thinking better learning outcomes than the other class who follow the direct instruction strategy. So, there is the influence of Project-Based Learning models by props toward critical thingking ability of the seventh grade students at MTs Raudhatul Thalabah.Abstrak:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model Project-Based Learning berbasis alat peraga terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada pembelajaran Matematika. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian true-experiment dengan rancangan non-equivalent post-test only control group design. Pada kelompok eksperimen diterapkan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol diterapkan model pembelajaran konvensional. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan dokumentasi berupa tes tulis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa yang mengikuti cooperative Project-Based Learning lebih baik dibandingkan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran langsung seperti yang dilaksanakan selama ini. Dengan kata lain ada pengaruh model pembelajaran Project-Based Learning berbasis alat peraga terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas VII MTs Raudhatul Thalabah.
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Powrie, Benita, Jodie Copley, Merrill Turpin, Jenny Ziviani, and Niina Kolehmainen. "The meaning of leisure to children and young people with significant physical disabilities: Implications for optimising participation." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 83, no. 2 (November 5, 2019): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308022619879077.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction The facilitation of meaningful leisure participation for children and young people requires an understanding of what leisure means to them. This study aimed to understand meaningful leisure from the perspective of children and young people with complex physical and communication disabilities. Method A hermeneutic phenomenological research design was used. Data was gathered through multiple interviews with six young people supported by photo elicitation, Talking Mats and direct observation. Individual case studies were analysed, together with six autobiographies of people with similar disabilities. Data analysis was iterative and multi-directional, alternating between segments and the whole throughout interpretation. Results Leisure experience meanings were uniquely constructed for each person, based on preferences, personality and circumstances. The tree of leisure emerged as a useful metaphor for three essential features (control, engrossing, enjoyment) and four key meanings (escape, exploration, exchange and expression) of leisure. Children and young people experienced five meaningful outcomes that lasted beyond the leisure activity (restoration, protection, construction, reflection and connection). Conclusion For children and young people with disabilities, a balanced array of diverse leisure experiences provides a powerful and accessible route to wellbeing. Implications for practice include understanding the individual, focusing on the social environment, supporting self-advocacy and promoting opportunities for free movement.
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Abdulamer, D. "Investigation of flowability of the green sand mould by remote control of portable flowability sensor." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 112, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6289.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: The useful data and information during the sand compaction process steps should be collected. Direct measurement methods of the sand mould properties during the actual moulding process are not adopted yet. Design/methodology/approach: In this work, a remote control system [1] have been integrated into a new flowability sensor [2]. Findings: To overcome the complexity of the tools and equipment that existed in laboratory, and in foundry. Research limitations/implications: In order to investigate, and control behavior of the moulding process of bentonite-bonded green sand process, the sensors have been equipped with the Bluetooth technology for a wireless transmission of the measured data to computers. Originality/value: This technique contributes to improve of the compaction process based on the non-destructive tests, enhances prediction of the optimum parameter conditions, and reduced the energy, and the compaction time consumed for the green sand moulding process.
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Malik, Adam, Ayu Wandira, Dedi Kuntadi, and Andi Rohendi Nugraha. "How can interactive multimedia direct instruction model improve student cognitive learning outcomes?" Momentum: Physics Education Journal 6, no. 2 (June 17, 2022): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21067/mpej.v6i2.6686.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to determine the implementation of the direct instruction model based on interactive multimedia and the lecture model as well as the differences in the improvement of students' cognitive learning outcomes after the two models are applied to the material of effort and energy. The method in this study uses a quasi-experimental method, with a Noneequivalent Control Group design. The research sample consisted of two classes, namely class X-IPA 1 as the experimental class and class X-IPA 2 as the control class, each consisting of 20 students. Data on the implementation of learning were obtain-ed through observation sheets and students' cognitive learning outcomes were obtained through multiple-choice tests. The data analysis technique used the calculation of the observation sheet, N-gain, and t-test. The results showed that the average percentage of all meetings on the implementation of learning in the experimental class was 82.78% with very good interpretation and 71.85% in the control class with good interpretation. The increase in students' cognitive learning outcomes in the experimental class was 0.58 in the medium category and in the control class was 0.29 in the low category. The results of hypothesis testing using an independent sample t-test showed the value of tcount (3.56) > ttable (2.02). The results showed that there were differences in the cognitive learning outcomes of students who studied with an interactive multimedia-based direct instruction model and lecture model. Thus, the interactive multimedia-based direct instruction model is better in improving students' cognitive learning outcomes in the matter of effort and energy. This study could be implemented in schools with proper or non-proper laboratory facilities for supporting the learning of physics.
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Fu, Bai Xue, and Sheng Hai Hu. "Study for the Method of Automobile Oil Consumption Measuring Based on Ultrasonic Wave." Applied Mechanics and Materials 26-28 (June 2010): 962–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.26-28.962.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In response to the problems of automobile oil consumption direct test and indirect test, Ultrasonic technology and microcontroller control technology can be used to research automobile oil consumption testing technique. Deciding on the method of automobile oil consumption testing is based on the fluid testing principle of ultranonic wave technology and build a mathematical model of automobile oil consumption tesing, According to the functional requirements of oil consumption, design the automobile oil consumption system hardware, control circuit and control automation programming to achieve the oil consumption inteligence non-disintegrated measuring. By means of tests and data processing analaysis and modifying the theoretical model, the theory used by the system is feasible and oil consumption measuring system with low power consumption and high accuracy.
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Bahri, Arsad, Devi Putriana, and Irma Suryani Idris. "Peran PBL dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Pemecahan Masalah Biologi." Sainsmat : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam 7, no. 2 (November 23, 2018): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.35580/sainsmat7273642018.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan keterampilan pemecahan masalah biologi pada peserta didik yang dibelajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan model pembelajaran langsung pada mata pelajaran biologi konsep pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tumbuhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kuasi eksperimen non-equivalent control group design. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa SMAN 12 Luwu kelas XII IPA yang dipilih secara random sampling. Data dianalisis dengan uji ancova. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan nilai p ≤ α 0,05 (p=0,010) yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan keterampilan pemecahan masalah biologi antara peserta didik yang dibelajarkan dengan model PBL dan model Direct Instruction. Hasil keterampilan pemecahan masalah biologi peserta didik yang dibelajarkan dengan model PBL lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang dibelajarkan menggunakan model Direct Instruction. Penggunaan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dalam proses pembelajaran perlu disesuaikan dengan materi yang akan diajarkan sehingga pembelajaran lebih efektif.
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Nurjannah, Nurjannah. "PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TERPADU TIPE CONNECTED BERBANTUAN MEDIA GAMBAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA." JPPSD:Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Sekolah Dasar 1, no. 4 (April 10, 2022): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/pjppsd.v2i2.32348.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this study is to determine the differences of study’s product in learning science between students who learned with connected model assisted picture media and students who learned with the direct instruction model. The population of this study is all of the fourth grade students in SDN 49 Pare-Pare in Gugus IV, District, in academic year 2019/2020, numbered 186 people. The sample of this study are two classes; they are the students in IVA numbered 28 people as the experiment group, and the students in IVB SDN 46 Pare-Pare numbered 28 people as the control group. The researcher decided the sample through random sampling. The research design of this study is quasi experiment with Non Equivalent Post-test Only Control Group Design. The data of study’s product gathered with the objective test. Then, the data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (t-test). The result shown that there are significant differences of study’s product in learning science between the groups of students who learned with connected model assisted picture media and students who learned with the direct instruction model. Those differences can be seen based on the result, the t-test is higher than ttable (ttest=3,815>ttable=2,021) with 5% significant. In other words, if both of those techniques compared, connected model assisted picture media have positive effect on the study’s product in learning science rather than direct instruction model.
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Husein, Sudi Yahya, Roudhotul Jannah Munawaroh, and Firmansyah Firmansyah. "Pembelajaran Kolaboratif untuk Pengajaran Keterampilan Membaca Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Aliyah." Kalimātunā: Journal of Arabic Research 1, no. 1 (March 22, 2022): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/kjar.v1i1.25301.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Arabic learners often face various difficulties in reading activities. The research used the quantitative approach of the experimental method by non-equivalent control group design. The study population for this research is 60 students. The 30 students are decided to represent the experimental group and 30 students to represent the control group. The researcher used the t-test rule in analyzing the data to reveal the effectiveness of using cooperative learning strategy. As for the methods that the researcher used in all of them, they are: direct observation, personal interview, pre and post written test. The researcher concluded that the use of the cooperative learning strategy in the reading skill of pupils in this school is effective.
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Righi, Michele, Giacomo Moretti, David Forehand, Lorenzo Agostini, Rocco Vertechy, and Marco Fontana. "A broadbanded pressure differential wave energy converter based on dielectric elastomer generators." Nonlinear Dynamics 105, no. 4 (August 11, 2021): 2861–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-021-06721-8.
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AbstractDielectric elastomer generators (DEGs) are a promising option for the implementation of affordable and reliable sea wave energy converters (WECs), as they show considerable promise in replacing expensive and inefficient power take-off systems with cheap direct-drive generators. This paper introduces a concept of a pressure differential wave energy converter, equipped with a DEG power take-off operating in direct contact with sea water. The device consists of a closed submerged air chamber, with a fluid-directing duct and a deformable DEG power take-off mounted on its top surface. The DEG is cyclically deformed by wave-induced pressure, thus acting both as the power take-off and as a deformable interface with the waves. This layout allows the partial balancing of the stiffness due to the DEG’s elasticity with the negative hydrostatic stiffness contribution associated with the displacement of the water column on top of the DEG. This feature makes it possible to design devices in which the DEG exhibits large deformations over a wide range of excitation frequencies, potentially achieving large power capture in a wide range of sea states. We propose a modelling approach for the system that relies on potential-flow theory and electroelasticity theory. This model makes it possible to predict the system dynamic response in different operational conditions and it is computationally efficient to perform iterative and repeated simulations, which are required at the design stage of a new WEC. We performed tests on a small-scale prototype in a wave tank with the aim of investigating the fluid–structure interaction between the DEG membrane and the waves in dynamical conditions and validating the numerical model. The experimental results proved that the device exhibits large deformations of the DEG power take-off over a broad range of monochromatic and panchromatic sea states. The proposed model demonstrates good agreement with the experimental data, hence proving its suitability and effectiveness as a design and prediction tool.
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Jha, Prabhat. "The Future of Disease Control Priorities Comment on "Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Is Published: A Theory of Change Is Needed for Translating Evidence to Health Policy"." International Journal of Health Policy and Management 8, no. 3 (December 10, 2018): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2018.119.
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The Disease Control Priorities (DCP) project has substantially influenced national and global health priorities since 1993. DCP’s basic framework involves identification of disease burdens based on premature deaths and disability and application of the most cost-effective interventions to the largest burdens, taking into account local feasibility. The future impact of DCP will need to take into account growing national wealth and needs for endogenous capacity to design and implement evidence-based interventions, the rapid emergence of non-communicable disease (NCD), and the universal health coverage (UHC) agenda. This in turn requires three improvements to the DCP framework: greater local capacity, supported by a global effort to cost health interventions, stronger national and international technical capacity and networks, and the use of direct, versus modelled, mortality data to assign priorities and to assess progress. Properly done, DCP could be as important over the next 25 years as it has been in the past 25 years.
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Jo, Gahyung, Jae-Min Kwon, Ara Cho, Hyun-Kyung Chung, and Bong-Guen Hong. "Cost Assessment of a Tokamak Fusion Reactor with an Inventive Method for Optimum Build Determination." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 18, 2021): 6817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206817.
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An inventive method was applied to determine the minimum major radius, R0, and the optimum build of a tokamak fusion reactor that simultaneously meets all physics, engineering, and neutronics constraints. With a simple cost model, tokamak systems analyses were carried out over ranges of system parameters to find an optimum build of a tokamak fusion reactor at minimum cost. The impact of a wide range of physics parameters and advanced engineering elements on costs were also addressed. When a central solenoid was used to ramp up a plasma current, design solutions with a cost of electricity (COE) between 109 and 140 mills/kWh, direct capital cost between 5000 and 6000 M/USD, and net electric power, Pe between 1000 and 1600 MW could be found with a minimum R0 between 6.0 and 7.0 m, and fusion power, Pfusion between 2000 and 2800 MW. When the plasma current was driven by a non-inductive external system, the system size and costs could be reduced further; a COE between 98 and 130 mills/kWh, direct capital cost between 4000 and 5000 M$, and Pe between 1000 and 1420 MW could be found with a minimum R0 between 5.1 and 6.7 m, and Pfusion between 2000 and 2650 MW.
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Carlina, Ellin, and Djukri. "Science Project-based Learning Integrated with Local Potential to Promote Student’s Environmental Literacy Skills." Advanced Journal of Social Science 4, no. 1 (July 3, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ajss.4.1.1-7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The learning process of science requires teaching which gives students the opportunity to be active in direct experience learning and thinking about the problems in real-life. However, science learning method that is widely used so far only conventionally, so it has not accommodated students in providing direct experience and solutions to real life problems. In order to realize the science learning that allows students to build their own understanding of real life problems, suitable learning model is needed and one of which is project-based learning. This research was conducted to know the effectiveness of science project-based learning which is integrated with natural potential of Baruppu’ in Junior High School students’ environmental literacy skills. Sample consisted of 50 students in grade VII of SMPN 1 Baruppu’. Quasi-experimental with Non-equivalent Control-Group Design was used to know the effectiveness of learning model in student’s environmental literacy skills: cognitive skill and environmental affect components. The study design consists of two groups: 26 students of class VIIA as experimental group and 24 students of class VIIB as control group. Data collected consisted of scores that measured cognitive skill and scores from environmental affect survey. Data analysed utilizing an independent samples t-test to determine any differences in environmental literacy skills between experimental and control groups after treatment. The result showed that the science project-based learning which is integrated with natural potential of Baruppu’ was effective to promoted student’s environmental literacy skills.
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Jensen, Nathan M. "The effect of economic development incentives and clawback provisions on job creation: A pre-registered evaluation of Maryland and Virginia programs." Research & Politics 4, no. 2 (April 2017): 205316801771364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053168017713646.
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Economic development incentives target individual firms for financial or non-financial benefits to induce capital investment or job creation. Previous studies have found a mixed impact of incentives on economic development, with numerous studies pointing to no impact of incentives on economic growth or job creation. I add to this literature by analyzing two different state economic development incentive programs using the same methods and time-period, allowing for direct comparability. My analysis is the first, “pre-registered” study of incentives, where all of the data collection, design and methodological decisions were made and documented prior to receiving the data. Using a pre-registered matching method design, I estimate the impact of Maryland and Virginia’s flagship economic development incentives on job creation. My main finding is that these incentive programs had essentially zero impact on job creation when they are compared to a control group of similar firms. My secondary results find that even after removing firms from the analysis that were subject to “clawbacks” based on non-compliance with the incentive agreement do not improve the overall performance of the program.
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Meronda, Devi Apriana, Aceng Haetami, and Yuniati Tewa. "PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MELALUI MEDIA ANIMASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR KIMIA SISWA KELAS X PADA MATERI LARUTAN ELEKTROLIT DAN NONELEKTROLIT." Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Halu Oleo 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36709/jpkim.v6i1.16238.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to find out students’ activity, students’ response and to compare students’ achievement who have participated in the problem based learning model (PBL) through the media of animation and student’ achievement who have participated in the direct learning model on the material of electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution. This study applied a quasi experimental design. The sample of this study consists of 35 students of class X MIA 2 (experimental class) and for the control class consists of 31 students of X MIA 1 who were taken by random sampling technique. The instruments were, observation sheet of students’ activity, the written test which consists of pre-test and post-test, and the questionnaire was filled by the students. The technique of data analysis was the t-test. The result of data analysis showed that there is a significant difference between students’ achievement who have participated in the problem based learning model (PBL) through the media of animation and student’ achievement who have participated in the direct learning model on the material of electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution. So, it can be concluded that the implementation of the problem based learning model (PBL) through the media of animation was not implemented successfully especially on the material of electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution.
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SUKMAWATI, Fatma, Punaji SETYOSARI, Sulton SULTON, and Purnomo PURNOMO. "THE EFFECT OF PROJECT-BASED COLLABORATIVE LEARNING ON CONCEPT MASTERY OF MUSHROOM: THE CASE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN INDONESIA." Periódico Tchê Química 17, no. 34 (March 20, 2020): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n34.2020.63_p34_pgs_45_52.pdf.
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Biology learning is highly recommended to be presented contextually following daily experience and phenomena. This study, a quasi-experimental research using a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design, aimed to understand the effect of project-based collaborative learning towards the concept mastery of mushrooms. The subjects of the study were 75 tenth grade of high school students in Surakarta City, Indonesia, divided into two classes: 38 students in the experimental class 37 in the control class. In the experimental class, the students were treated with project-based collaborative learning strategies. In project-based collaborative learning strategy, students were challenged to create a project on oyster mushroom cultivation (Pleurotus ostreatus) With the media garden waste such as sawdust. In the control class, the students were treated with direct instruction. The instrument used was a multiple-choice test and essay developed by researchers to measure students' concept mastery towards mushrooms. Research data were analyzed by independent sample t-test. The results found that the average n-gain score for the experimental and the control classes were 63.09% and 45.73%, respectively. Moreover, all indicators of mushroom concept mastery showed the n-gain scores for the experimental class higher than the control class. Analysis of independent sample t-test proved that the significant differences existed between direct instruction and project-based collaborative learning in improving the concept mastery of mushroom. Finally, This research concluded that project-based collaborative learning is more effective in enriching the concept mastery than direct instruction.
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Brady, Marian C., Jon Godwin, Helen Kelly, Pam Enderby, Andrew Elders, and Pauline Campbell. "Attention control comparisons with SLT for people with aphasia following stroke: methodological concerns raised following a systematic review." Clinical Rehabilitation 32, no. 10 (June 17, 2018): 1383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215518780487.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: Attention control comparisons in trials of stroke rehabilitation require care to minimize the risk of comparison choice bias. We compared the similarities and differences in SLT and social support control interventions for people with aphasia. Data sources: Trial data from the 2016 Cochrane systematic review of SLT for aphasia after stroke Methods: Direct and indirect comparisons between SLT, social support and no therapy controls. We double-data extracted intervention details using the template for intervention description and replication. Standardized mean differences and risk ratios (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) were calculated. Results: Seven trials compared SLT with social support ( n = 447). Interventions were matched in format, frequency, intensity, duration and dose. Procedures and materials were often shared across interventions. Social support providers received specialist training and support. Targeted language rehabilitation was only described in therapy interventions. Higher drop-out ( P = 0.005, odds ratio (OR) 0.51, 95% CI 0.32–0.81) and non-adherence to social support interventions ( P < 0.00001, OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.09–0.37) indicated an imbalance in completion rates increasing the risk of control comparison bias. Conclusion: Distinctions between social support and therapy interventions were eroded. Theoretically based language rehabilitation was the remaining difference in therapy interventions. Social support is an important adjunct to formal language rehabilitation. Therapists should continue to enable those close to the person with aphasia to provide tailored communication support, functional language stimulation and opportunities to apply rehabilitation gains. Systematic group differences in completion rates is a design-related risk of bias in outcomes observed.
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Xu, Zheng, and Qi Zhu. "Analysis on Risk Factors and Spatial Variation of Pollution Sources in Urban Areas." Learning & Education 10, no. 3 (November 7, 2021): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/l-e.v10i3.2406.
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In this paper, two mathematical models are used to discuss the impact of urban pollutants on human living environment, and it is concluded that pollutants are the main cause of environmental pollution and have no direct relationship with pollution sources. Through the data of human health indicators and fitting the data sets of the two models, we want to investigate whether there are any variables related to the increase of skin cancer risk and whether the increase of cancer risk is related to the distance from coal-fired power stations in the Slovakian town of Novaky. In this work, we comparing two models, it indicates that environmental and urinary arsenic have significant impact on the cancer risk, but the spatial location cannot be consider as a direct factor on nonmelanoma skin cancer.. By comparing both models, it indicates that environmental and urinary arsenic have significant impact on the cancer risk, but the spatial location can not be consider as a direct factor on non-melanoma skin cancer. The project case, the specific planning and engineering design, should focus on strengthening the control of the pollution source, rather than merely considering spatial layout of pollutants.