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Статті в журналах з теми "Non-Hôte"
Vo Thanh, Tan, Valentina Kirova, and Roxane Daréous. "L’organisation d’un méga-événement sportif et l’image touristique de la ville hôte." Méga-événements sportifs 33, no. 1 (June 14, 2016): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1036722ar.
Повний текст джерелаKupferman, Lucien. "La construction passive ense faire." Journal of French Language Studies 5, no. 1 (March 1995): 57–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269500002507.
Повний текст джерелаMolnar, Tim. "Hospitality and the Hôte: Revealing Responsibility Through Found Poetry." LEARNing Landscapes 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2010): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36510/learnland.v4i1.369.
Повний текст джерелаSaez, Frédérique. "C-Quand et hôtes non verbaux : entre syntaxe et sémantique." SHS Web of Conferences 46 (2018): 14004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184614004.
Повний текст джерелаGreen, Nancy L. "Juifs et Noirs aux États-Unis. La rupture d'une « alliance naturelle »." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 42, no. 2 (April 1987): 445–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1987.283394.
Повний текст джерелаPoirier, Patrick. "À Demeure." Études françaises 38, no. 1-2 (August 18, 2004): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/008397ar.
Повний текст джерелаBenaroyo, Lazare. "Les recherches de Theodor Kocher sur l'étiologie de l'ostéomyélite et de la strumite aiguës." Gesnerus 49, no. 2 (November 27, 1992): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-04902004.
Повний текст джерелаRousseau, Phillip. "De la dérive ethnographique." II- L’espace du terrain. Réflexions théoriques et épistémologiques, no. 61 (December 12, 2017): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1042369ar.
Повний текст джерелаLabroussaa, Fabien, Vincent Baby, Sébastien Rodrigue, and Carole Lartigue. "La transplantation de génomes." médecine/sciences 35, no. 10 (October 2019): 761–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2019154.
Повний текст джерелаLabouret, Mathilde, Ulrich Meinzer, and Émilie Viennois. "Microbiote et miARN intestinaux." médecine/sciences 39, no. 5 (May 2023): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2023065.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Non-Hôte"
Ollivier, Rémi. "Caractérisation des bases génétiques et des déterminants moléculaires impliqués dans la résistance du pois (Pisum sativum) face au puceron du pois (Acyrthosiphon pisum)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARB366.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of sustainable agriculture, understanding the molecular mechanisms that determine the specificity of aphids to plants is an essential step in developing pest management strategies. However, the mechanisms leading to compatibility or incompatibility between the plant and the aphid remain unknown. This thesis aimed to identify the genetic basis and molecular determinants involved in pea resistance to the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. The natural genetic variability of pea resistance to pea-adapted and non-adapted biotypes of the A. pisum was identified by screening a collection of 240 pea genotypes. An association genetics study identified the ApRVII locus controlling pea resistance to both adapted and non-adapted A. pisum biotypes.This study, coupled with transcriptomic studies of selected pea genotypes, identified candidate genes underlying ApRVII that are potentially involved in pea resistance to A. pisum. These genes indicated the involvement of biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites in ApRVII mediated resistance to the aphids. In addition, the transcriptomic studies identified pea molecular pathways specifically repressed during the infestation by the adapted biotype, suggesting a possible manipulation of pea transcriptome by the aphid infestation. The knowledge provided during this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the compatibility and incompatibility between plants and aphids
Cotin-Galvan, Laetitia. "Relation plante-hôte / Frankia dans les symbioses actinorhiziennes : cas particulier des souches non-isolables capables de sporuler in-planta." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10183/document.
Повний текст джерелаSporulation is a phenomenon present in many microorganisms, usually involved in the mechanisms of dispersion and/or resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions. Sporulation occurs in some Frankia strains (a diazotrophic actinobacteria) during their symbiotic interaction with actinorhizal plants, which is paradoxical in a context where the bacterium has a favorable ecological niche for its development. These particular Frankia strains, called Sp+, represent a unique model of symbiont capable of sporulation within the host cells. The ecological role and the evolutionary meanings of this in-planta sporulation still remain understood. The two main objectives of this thesis aimed to (i) understand the influence of in-planta sporulation on the symbiotic capacity of Sp+ strains in terms of infectivity and competitiveness and (ii) understand the impact of this sporulation on the functioning of the symbiotic complex by a metabolic profiling approach. These studies have confirmed the symbiotic characteristics of Sp+ strains (greater infectivity and competitiveness) and have shown significant differences in the primary and secondary metabolism of the symbiotic complex associated with the presence of Frankia spores
Dianne, Lucile. "Caractérisation du rôle du stade non-infectieux du parasite acanthocéphale Pomphorhynchus laevis dans la manipulation comportementale de son hôte intermédiaire amphipode." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866995.
Повний текст джерелаBouraï, Mehdi. "Caractérisation d'un interactome virus-hôte : l'exemple du virus du Chikungunya." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077183.
Повний текст джерелаThe lifting of many technological barriers in recent years has allowed the development of « functional genomics », an innovative systemic approach to molecular and cell biology. Viruses, being intracellular parasites, interact with several components of the cell to replicate. Thus, defining and improving our knowledge of the interactions between viral and cellular proteins ensures a better understanding of the viral replication cycle and pathogenesis and opens the pathway to new therapeutic approaches. In my thesis, I defined the interaction map, or interactome, of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a virus whose interactions with the cell at the molecular level have been poorly understood. For this, I performed high throughput two-hybrid approaches in yeast (HT-Y2H) and validations in mammalian cells (including protein complementation assay technique or PCA). We screened all the CHIKV mature proteins across three different human cDNA libraries and a normalized 12,000 human full-length open reading frames (ORF) library. We identified 22 interactions, the majority of which involve non-structural protein 2 (nsP2) of CHIKV. Among the identified cellular interactors, we showed the important role of hnRNP-K (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K) and ubiquilin 4 in virus replication in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated the involvement of the TTC7B protein (tétratricopeptide 7B) in the transcriptional inhibition activity induced by the nsP2 protein of CHIKV. Such techniques conducted in the laboratory also allowed me to participate in thé charaterization of three virus-host interactions identified by a fellow PhD student and contribute to researching the replication of measles virus (MV) and type 3 human parainfluenza virus (hPIV3). In particular, I was able to accurately map the peptide domains involved in these interactions, using a technique adapted from Y2H. This work has allowed me to not only understand the current techniques for defining virus-host interactomes and consequently produce a map of virus-host interactions for CHIKV, but also to shed some light on the viral mechanisms involved in the replication cycle and the pathogenesis of this virus
Zriki, Ghais. "Etude intégrative des interactions au sein d’une association lâche, hôte-microprédateur-arthropodes non hématophages cohabitant avec lui : vers une gestion agro-écologique des bâtiments d’élevage de volaille." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG025.
Повний текст джерелаNatural enemies such as predatory arthropods play an important role in controlling pest populations in agroecosystems. Laying-hen farms are agroecosystems of intensive production that incorporate a high diversity of arthropods: hen parasites and manure arthropods (predators, detritivorous, etc.). The poultry red mites Dermanyssus gallinae is the most damaging ectoparasite in laying-hen farms. Infestations with D. gallinae cause both welfare and economic problems. Dermanyssus gallinae is a nidicolous ectoparasite that lives close to its host in an environment shared by the naturally-occurring predatory arthropods in laying-hen farms.In this thesis, our objective was to improve our knowledge on the impact of native arthropods predators in laying-hen farms on D. gallinae. Based on three methodological approaches –descriptive, correlative and experimental–, the present work explored predator-prey interactions (with focus on D. gallinae) and the impact of arthropods predators on D. gallinae at three levels: 1) individual level: building the food web of native arthropods (in vitro), 2) species level: analyzing the covariation of the abundances of D. gallinae and its predators in farm buildings, 3) population level: measuring in an experimental system (hen-D. gallinae-predator) in mesocosms the impact of native arthropod predators on the development of D. gallinae populations.The analysis of native arthropods food web showed that D. gallinae is a potential prey for ten predatory species. These predators showed a significant disparity in predation frequency on D. gallinae and in their preferences for prey species between D. gallinae and detritivorous mites as alternative prey. In laying-hen farms, analysis of the relative abundances of D. gallinae and native predators supported the presence of interactions between D. gallinae and predatory species that showed high predation frequencies on it in vitro. The experiments in mesocosm allowed the development of D. gallinae, native arthropod predators and detritivorous mites. Under our experimental conditions, native arthropod predators did not show any detectable effect on the development of D. gallinae populations when other alternative prey species were present. These results suggest that, under our experimental conditions, the development of D. gallinae populations seemed to be limited by food resources (the hen) and not by the predation effect. The presence of alternative prey (detritivorus mites) may have reduced predators’ impact on D. gallinae populations. Through our experimental system, we also showed that mass-reared and commercially available predatory mites currently used to control D. gallinae in laying farms, did not have a negative effect on non-target species such as native predatory mites.Our results uncovered important gaps in our understanding of D. gallinae biology and population dynamics. These results also demonstrate the importance of further investigating the impact of alternative prey species in the absence of a regulatory effect of native predators on D. gallinae populations
Enchéry, François. "Étude de la modulation de la voie canonique d'activation de NF-kB par les protéines non structurales du virus Nipah." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN093/document.
Повний текст джерелаNipah virus (NiV), from Henipavirus genus, is a zoonotic paramyxovirus, which emerged in 1998. In humans, it causes acute respiratory distress and encephalitis with a high lethality. Conversely, the natural hosts of NiV, bats from the Pteropodidae family, are asymptomatic. The mechanisms by which the Pteropodidae control infection are unknown to date. NiV produces non-structural proteins, V, W and C, which are virulence factors. V, W and C inhibit the type 1 interferon pathways. Moreover, W inhibits the production of chemokines in vitro and modulates the inflammatory response in vivo, but its mechanism remains unknown. The NF-κB pathway being the main regulator of the inflammatory response, we hypothesized that W could modulate the NF-κB pathway. We demonstrated that protein W inhibits the activation of the NF-κB canonical pathway induced by TNFα and IL-1β. The specific C-terminal region of W is necessary for this effect. We have also identified which nuclear import and export signals of W are necessary for its inhibitory effect and thus highlight the importance of the nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking of W for the inhibition of NF-κB. The study of the interactions of W with the cellular proteins allowed us to identify a promising partner known for its role in the negative feedback of NF-κB. Finally, the role of W in the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway was demonstrated during the infection with NiV. The results obtained open the way to understanding the mechanism by which W modulates the inflammatory response. Finally, to better understand the control of the infection of NiV by its natural host, we generated primary and immortalized cell lines of Pteropus giganteus bat. These cells should provide a better understanding of the mechanisms by which these bats control viral infection
Bakhache, William. "Interactions de la protéine nsP1 du virus Chikungunya avec les membranes de l’hôte et conséquences fonctionnelles." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT008.
Повний текст джерелаPositive strand RNA ((+) RNA) viruses share the common capacity to rearrange cellular membranes into vesicular organelles. These membranous compartments referred to as replication organelles (ROs), are seen as providing an appropriate environment recruiting all viral components and cofactors required for replication. Because of their strict necessity for viral replication, these compartments and the molecular mechanisms required for their assembly have generated an intense interest in recent years. Contrasting with the consequential advances made in this field for other (+)RNA viruses, virtually no mechanistic data has been produced on the formation of ROs by Alphaviruses which in the last decade have proven to be medically paramount viruses, especially with the recent spread of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). CHIKV is a re-emerging virus transmitted by mosquitoes that has caused outbreaks with devastating socio-economic impact in countries where it propagates. Symptoms include high fever and rash, with a significant percentage of patients suffering of long-term, often incapacitating, joint pain. Currently there is no vaccine or anti-viral treatment for this virus.CHIKV ROs appear as 50-60 nm electron translucent bulb-shaped spherules resulting from negative curvature at the plasma membrane. Inside these compartments, the replication machinery is anchored to the membrane through the direct interaction of the non-structural protein 1 (nsP1) with the lipid bilayer. When expressed as an isolated protein nsP1 dramatically remodels cellular membranes into filopodia-like protrusions. Therefore, this designated nsP1 as a critical factor in cellular membrane reshaping observed during infection. In this context, the aim of this thesis, with nsP1 at its centerpiece, is to characterize nsP1 interactions with cellular membranes and to define their functional consequences on viral replication. In this investigation, we have demonstrated the role of host cell lipid metabolism in nsP1 membrane anchoring and viral infection. Our results indicate that fatty acid synthesis is required for viral life cycle and favors nsP1 interaction with membranes. We also provide the very first information on the role of unsaturated fatty acids in Alphavirus replication. In-depth studies on the role of cholesterol revealed that palmitoylated nsP1 anchored CHIKV non-structural proteins to cholesterol-rich microdomains with functional consequences on replication. Finally, we have identified nsP1 interactome in order to identify host-cofactors required for the membrane deformation induced by this viral protein. Taken together, this thesis provides new information on nsP1/membrane lipids and host cofactors interplay. This work will allow the further comprehension of the mechanisms behind membrane deformation observed during Alphavirus replication
Delafont, Vincent. "Diversité et implication des amibes libres dans la survie et la persistance des mycobactéries non tuberculeuses au sein d'un réseau d'eau potable." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2278/document.
Повний текст джерелаFree-living amoebae are unicellular eukaryotes whose ecology in drinking water networks remains poorly understood. They may represent a public health concern, because of their ability to favour the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria, among which are mycobacteria.A sampling scheme based on Paris drinking water network allowed identifying the diversity of both freeliving amoebae and their bacterial microbiome, using ribosomal RNA targeted pyrosequencing. These analyses indicated the major presence of Acanthamoeba, Vermamoeba, Echinamoeba and Protacanthamoeba genera. The microbiome was highly diverse and dominated by Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas and Pseudoxanthomonas. The coupling of physicochemical parameters to this analysis allowed underlining the importance of water origin, temperature, pH and chlorine concentration in shaping amoebal populations. Also an original endosymbiosis between V. vermiformis and a bacterium of the TM6 phylum was described. Free-living amoebae were frequently co-isolated with mycobacteria in the water network, mainly M. llatzerense and M. chelonae species. Infection experiments on A. castellanii illustrated the capacity of these species to resist and grow in presence of amoebae. Through genomics and transcriptomics approaches, several virulence factors, conserved between M. llatzerense, M. chelonae and M. tuberculosis were identified, and found to be upregulated during infection experiments. These results suggest their involvement in mycobacterial resistance to amoebal predation.Altogether, this work helped to better understand the ecology of free-living amoebae and their microbiome in drinking water networks, as well as the role of free-living amoebae in the survival and persistence of mycobacteria in such environments
Massoud, Kamal. "Résistance induite chez arabidopsis thaliana : la résistance à Fusariumoxysporum et la potentialisation des réponses de défense par le Phosphite." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112090.
Повний текст джерелаPlants have developed during their evolution an innate immunity system consisting of preformed barriers and induced defence responses against pathogens. This work studies resistances in Arabidopsis thaliana induced either naturally against the root pathogen Fusarium oxysporum spp. (Fo), or after application of phosphite (Phi) against the leaf pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa). In a first part, roles of secondary metabolites (SM) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in basal and non-host resistances of roots to the special forms conglutinans (Foco) and melonis (Fom) of Fo, respectively, were analyzed. We demonstrated the involvement of the indolic phytoalexin camalexin, in basal resistance of Arabidopsis to Foco. In contrast, the phenolic phytoalexin, scopoletin, and ROS play essential roles in non-host resistance to Fom. These data underscore the key role of MS and ROS in basal and non-host resistances of Arabidopsis. In a second part, the mode of action of Phi, an oxyanion of phosphorous acid (H3PO3) protecting Arabidopsis against the Hpa isolate Noco2 was studied. Effect of low doses of Phi is abolished in Arabidopsis mutants affected in salicylic acid (SA) signalling, indicating that induced resistance to Hpa is mediated by SA-dependent mechanisms. Phi primes defence responses against Hpa Noco2 via EDS1-PAD4, two essential components of basal resistance, as well as NPR1 and PR1. Expression of the MAP kinase MPK4, a negative regulator of resistance to Hpa, is decreased by Phi after inoculation with Hpa Noco2. Our results demonstrate that priming of defence responses by Phi is associated with down-regulation of MPK4
Bichara, Derdeï. "Etude de modèles épidémiologiques : stabilité, observation et estimation de paramètres." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0011/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this thesis is on the one hand to study stability of equilibria of some epidemic models and secondly to construct an observer to estimate the non-measured states and a key parameter in a within host model. We propose extensions of classical models SIR, SIRS and SIS and we study the global stability of their equilibria. In presence of multiple pathogen strains, we proved that competitive exclusion principle holds: the strain having the largest threshold wins the competition by eliminating the others. It turns out that the winning strain is the one for which the equilibrium gives the minimum of the susceptible host population. This can be interpreted as pessimization principle. By considering the same model with two strains and a frequency-dependent type of the contact law, we prove that dynamics changes and a coexistence equilibrium exists and it is globally asymptotically stable under some conditions. The asymptotic behavior of the two other boundary equilibria is also established. The stability study of equilibrium states is mainly done by construction Lyapunov functions combined with LaSalle's invariance principle. We consider an age-structured within-host model of the Plasmodium falciuparum parasite with a general infection force. We develop a method to estimate the total parasite burden that cannot be measured by the current methods. To this end, we use some tools from control theory, more precisely observers with unknown inputs, to estimate the non measured states from the measured ones (data). From this, we deduce a method to estimate an unknown parameter that represents infection rate of healthy reed blood cells by the parasites
Частини книг з теми "Non-Hôte"
"Gaulle. Seuls, les Bulgares et les orale s’est faite exclusivement en [...] Roumains reviennent avec français. La traduction simultanée ne En fait, les problèmes linguistiques soulagement au français si, dans les fonctionnait qu’en cas de visite d’un à la Commission sont le reflet de la nombreuses réunions de travail entre commissaire ou d’un hôte de marque. situation prévalant sur le Vieux les Quinze et leurs partenaires, un natif Les journalistes britanniques – plus de Continent, où la jeunesse cultivée est de l’Hexagone ose prendre l’initiative quatre-vingts, dont une vingtaine pour de moins en moins capable de de recourir à sa langue, ce qui n’est la seule agence Reuter – se sont pliés à communiquer dans une autre langue pas toujours le cas, malgré les cette obligation, pour eux unique au que l’anglo-américain. Actuellement, consignes de Paris. monde. Non sans d’insidieuses dans l’Europe des Quinze, parmi les [...] manœuvres, afin d’amener les orateurs élèves de l’enseignement secondaire, % apprennent l’anglais comme première ou seconde langue étrangère,." In Francotheque: A resource for French studies, 240–48. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/978020378416-43.
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