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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Non-Equilibrium conditions"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 25 січня 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "Non-Equilibrium conditions"

Kempshall, B. W., B. I. Prenitzer, and L. A. Giannuzzi. "Grain boundary segregation: equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions." Scripta Materialia 47, no. 7 (October 2002): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6462(02)00141-0.

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Sciortino, Francesco, Cristiano De Michele, and Jack F. Douglas. "Growth of equilibrium polymers under non-equilibrium conditions." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 20, no. 15 (March 4, 2008): 155101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/20/15/155101.

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Tzur, Dora, and Emilia Kirowa-Eisner. "Consecutive titrations under non-equilibrium conditions." Analytica Chimica Acta 355, no. 1 (November 1997): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(97)81615-7.

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Chen, Rui, Simona Neri, and Leonard J. Prins. "Enhanced catalytic activity under non-equilibrium conditions." Nature Nanotechnology 15, no. 10 (July 20, 2020): 868–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-0734-1.

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Vitenberg, A. G., and N. I. Kalacheva. "Quantitative headspace analysis under non-equilibrium conditions." Journal of Chromatography A 368 (January 1986): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(00)91043-4.

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Bormann, R. "Phase reactions under highly non-equilibrium conditions." Materials Science and Engineering: A 226-228 (June 1997): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(96)10628-6.

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Fahr, Hans J., and M. Heyl. "Debye screening under non-equilibrium plasma conditions." Astronomy & Astrophysics 589 (April 18, 2016): A85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201628082.

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Del Cerro, J., J. M. Martin, and S. Ramos. "Specific heat measurements under non-equilibrium conditions." Journal of thermal analysis 47, no. 6 (December 1996): 1691–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01980914.

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Muriel, A. "Initial conditions in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 129, no. 3 (February 1985): 577–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(85)90187-6.

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Hegemann, Dirk, Paula Navascués, and Ramses Snoeckx. "Plasma gas conversion in non-equilibrium conditions." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 100 (January 2025): 548–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.12.351.

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Дисертації з теми "Non-Equilibrium conditions"

Abdedou, Nazim. "Non-equilibrium conditions at solid/liquid interfaces." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0346.

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Notre travail porte sur la fusion dite solutale survenant lorsque l'on met deux métaux en contact à une température comprise entre leurs températures de fusion respectives. L'interface solide/liquide se retrouve initialement fortement hors-équilibre et la cinétique propre à son retour à l'équilibre semble mettre en défaut les modèles généralement employés pour décrire la solidification et la fusion. Pour progresser dans la compréhension du processus, nous avons abordé le problème sous trois angles complémentaires. Dans un premier temps, nous avons réalisé des expériences in-situ de fusion solutale du système Au-Ag en utilisant la tomographie par rayons X. L'analyse critique des résultats semble montrer que l'interface solide-liquide reste hors équilibre pendant la fusion solutale, avec la persistance inattendue de gradients de concentration à la fin des expériences. Dans un deuxième temps, dans le but de mieux comprendre les expériences, nous avons mis en œuvre un modèle reposant sur la thermodynamique des processus irréversibles appliquée aux échanges d'espèces chimiques à travers une interface solide/liquide abrupte. Une paramétrisation des coefficients de transfert interfaciaux permet au modèle de reproduire qualitativement les comportements observés dans les expériences. Enfin, nous avons cherché à justifier les paramètres cinétiques du modèle thermodynamique en utilisant la dynamique moléculaire (DM) dans le système Cu-Ni. Nous avons ainsi démontré que les coefficients interfaciaux dépendent des concentrations à l'interface, en accord avec la paramétrisation du modèle thermodynamique
Our work focuses on solutal melting, which occurs when two metals are brought into contact at a temperature between their respective melting temperatures. The solid/liquid interface is initially far from equilibrium, and the kinetics governing its return to equilibrium appear to challenge the models commonly used to describe solidification and melting. To advance our understanding of the process, we approached the problem from three complementary angles. First, we conducted in-situ experiments on the solutal melting of the Au-Ag system using X-ray tomography. Critical analysis of the results appears to indicate that the solid-liquid interface remains out of equilibrium during solutal melting, with the unexpected persistence of concentration gradients at the end of the experiments. Second, in an effort to better understand the experiments, we developed a model based on the thermodynamics of irreversible processes applied to the exchange of chemical species across a sharp solid/liquid interface. Parametrization of interfacial transfer coefficients enables the model to qualitatively reproduce the behaviors observed in the experiments. Finally, we sought to justify the kinetic parameters of the thermodynamic model using molecular dynamics (MD) in the Cu-Ni system. We thus demonstrated that the interfacial coefficients depend on the concentrations at the interface, consistent with the parametrization of the thermodynamic model

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Martinelli, Alessandro. "Density relaxations across the glass-transition under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/302591.

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Cooling down a liquid below its melting temperature can lead to an amorphous frozen system commonly known as a glass. Despite glasses are common in everyday life, the nature of the glass transition still remains one of the most intriguing unsolved problems of condensed matter physics. In this Thesis the atomic length-scale rearrangements of glassy systems close to the glass transition temperature are explored under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions with X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS). In particular, we explore the role of directional stresses on the dynamics in a colloidal glass of silica nanoparticles dispersed in a binary solvent. Our results show that the macroscopic stress stored in this glass relaxes via the cooperative ballistic motion of groups of particles with a characteristic size of the order of ten particle diameters. The role of stresses is further investigated in borate-based glasses, where the dynamics well below the glass transition are dictated by the recently discovered X-ray beam-induced dynamics. We show that these dynamics are related to the topology of the network, with peculiar similarities with the stress-phenomenology observed in colloids and metallic glasses.

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Zhang, Qingteng. "Properties of Ferroelectric Perovskite Structures under Non-equilibrium Conditions." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4422.

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Ferroelectric materials have received lots of attention thanks to their intriguing properties such as the piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects, as well as the large dielectric constants and the spontaneous polarization which can potentially be used for information storage. In particular, perovskite crystal has a very simple unit cell structure yet a very rich phase transition diagram, which makes it one of the most intensively studied ferroelectric materials. In this dissertation, we use effective Hamiltonian, a first-principles-based computational technique to study the finite-temperature properties of ferroelectric perovskites. We studied temperature-graded (BaxSr1-x )TiO3 (BST) bulk alloys as well as the dynamics of nanodomain walls (nanowalls) in Pb(ZrxTi1-x )O3 (PZT) ultra-thin films under the driving force of an AC field. Our computations suggest that, for the temperature-graded BST, the polarization responds to the temperature gradient (TG), with the "up" and "down" offset observed in polarization components along the direction of TG, in agreement with the findings from experiments. For the nanowalls in PZT, the dynamics can be described by the damped-harmonic-oscillator model, and we observed a size-driven transition from resonance to relaxational dynamics at a critical thickness of 7.2 nm. The transition originates from the change in the effective mass of a nanowall as a film thickness increases. Some of the findings may find potential applications in various devices, such as thermal sensors, energy converters, or novel memory units.

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Opdyke, Daniel Robert. "Probabilistic groundwater transport of chemicals under non-equilibrium sorption conditions /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Yang, F. "Radiation transfer characteristics and transport properties of nitrogen-polytetrafluoroethylene mixture plasma under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3004928/.

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Nitrogen constitutes a natural part of air and is a non-global warming gas. There have been recent attempts to use it as a working medium in high voltage circuit breakers to replace SF6, which is an excellent insulating and arc quenching gas but also a strong greenhouse gas with a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 23,900 and a life time of 3,200 years. To employ the full potential of nitrogen for use in high voltage circuit breakers, the properties and radiation characteristics of its mixture with Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) vapour, an electrical and thermal insulation material, need to be known, forming the objectives of the present work. This research has investigated the capability of nitrogen and SF6 on insulating and quenching an electric arc in a high voltage circuit breaker. Depending on the current of the electric arc range from 100 A to 330 A, the arc can be extinguished in 25-50 ms with nitrogen gas flow, while it takes 20-45 ms with SF6. The peak voltage of the electric arc with SF6 is 10% higher than it is with nitrogen. According to the preliminary data obtained in the experimental investigation, it seems possible that SF6 can be replaced by nitrogen as the operation gas in high voltage circuit breakers. Research on the properties and radiation characteristics of a gas mixture of nitrogen and PTFE is required to allow modelling of a nitrogen filled circuit breaker. Net Emission Coefficient (NEC) describes the radiation characteristics of the hottest area in an electric arc. The NEC of a nitrogen and PTFE mixture is computed by using the most advanced method considering both continuum and line radiation. The result shows that the influence of PTFE on the NEC cannot be neglected. The influence of uncertainty in atomic data on the calculated NEC is studied. A 50% adjustment in the uncertainty of the atomic data on high energy levels results in a 0.001% variation of the NEC because of the low population density of the particles with high energy levels involved. Due to the lack of experimental results of the mixture, the validity of the model is confirmed by a good agreement between the results calculated and those obtained by experiments or those predicted by the other research groups for pure nitrogen gas and pure PTFE vapour. Results show that influence of PTFE vapour on the NEC of the mixture is substantial. It has been determined that the NEC of the mixture cannot be estimated by NEC of the pure gases multiplied by their proportions in the mixture. Re-absorption has to be considered when the temperature is lower than 25,000 K. To solve the Radiation Transfer Equation (RTE), the P1 and Discrete Ordinate Method (DOM) have been used to calculate the radiation with re-absorption. The P1 approximation is computationally cheaper but it has poor accuracy. The accuracy of DOM is determined by the number of calculation bands. It is obvious that the more bands used, the higher the accuracy. A comparison of the DOM 8-5 and 5-3 methods indicates a balanced compromise between accuracy and cost of calculation with DOM 8-5. A two-temperature model was applied to solve the properties of the plasma in non-LTE condition when the temperature gradient is sufficiently high. A number of existing calculation methods are discussed. A modification of Godin's method has been proposed to satisfy the two-temperature model. Results of a gas mixture composition, obtained by different methods, are analysed. The modified method leads to results that agree very well with those from the existing methods but with better convergence that when the Newton-Raphson algorithm is used to obtain the solution. Results with different molar percentages of PTFE vapour have been presented and discussed. The results for pure nitrogen and pure PTFE vapour have been compared with existing data to verify the validity of the method.

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Sakamoto, Souichi. "Open Quantum Dynamical Theory of Thermodynamics under Non-Perturbative Conditions: Entropy Production and Non-Equilibrium Work." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263489.

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Taubert, Daniela [Verfasser]. "Electronic transport experiments on low-dimensional nanostructures at non-equilibrium conditions / Daniela Taubert." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1022535692/34.

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Fabiano, Federico <1988&gt. "Inversion of remote sensing measurements of Middle and Upper Planetary Atmospheres under non-equilibrium conditions." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8332/1/fabiano_federico_tesi.pdf.

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This thesis treats the inversion of remote sensing measurements (infrared spectra) of middle and upper planetary atmospheres, through bayesian inversion strategy. The first part of the work regards the study of the middle and upper atmosphere of Titan, through inversion of VIMS measurements, a spectrometer aboard the Cassini mission. VIMS measured emission from CO, CH4, HCN and C2H2 in the 3-5 μm region, in conditions of non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (non-LTE). The CO concentration in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere of Titan has been determined from the inversion of a set of day-side VIMS limb measurements around 4.7 μm. This represents the first measurement of the CO VMR (Volume Mixing Ratio) profile between 200 and 500 km on Titan. The latitudinal and seasonal variations in the distribution of CH4, HCN and C2H2 in the upper atmosphere of Titan between 500 and 1000 km were studied from VIMS measurements in the 2.8-3.5 μm region. The significance of the preliminary results is discussed with regard to the small coverage at the polar latitudes and the observed correlation between the retrieved CH4 VMR and SZA at high altitudes. A bias observed in the results of the inversion of CH4 brought to the development of SpectRobot (SR), a new code for radiative transfer modeling and inversion of atmospheric quantities, that considers the full 3D geometry of the problem. The second part of this work regards the study of the first measurements acquired by JIRAM, an infrared imager/spectrometer aboard the Juno mission to Jupiter. In the 3-4 μm region JIRAM measures the emission from H3+, which is a great tracer for the auroral phenomena, since it is produced by the precipitation of energetic electrons. Maps of the average retrieved H3+ column density, emission temperature and CH4 column density have been produced for the two auroral regions.

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Anderson, Mark Jule Jr. "Cooperative Behavior in Driven Lattice Systems with Shifted Periodic Boundary Conditions." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30606.

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We explore the nature of driven stochastic lattice systems with non-periodic boundary conditions. The systems consist of particle and holes which move by exchanges of nearest neighbor particle-hole pairs. These exchanges are controlled by the energetics associated with an internal Hamiltonian, an external drive and a stochastic coupling to a heat reservoir. The effect of the drive is to bias particle-hole exchanges along the field in such a way that a particle current can be established. Hard-core volume constraints limit the occupation of only one particle (hole) per lattice site. For certain regimes of the overall particle density and temperature, a system displays a homogeneous disordered phase. We investigate cooperative behavior in this phase by using two-point spatial correlation functions and structure factors. By varying the particle density and the temperature, the system orders into a phase separated state, consisting of particle-rich and particle-poor regions. The temperature and density for the co-existence state depend on the boundary conditions. By using Monte Carlo simulations, we establish co-existence curves for systems with shifted periodic boundary conditions.
Ph. D.

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Книги з теми "Non-Equilibrium conditions"

Atingi, Michael. Uganda's equilibrium real exchange rate and its implications for non-traditional export performance. Nairobi: African Economic Research Consortium, 2004.

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Goulder, Lawrence H. Trade liberalization in general equilibrium: Intertemporal and inter-industry effects. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989.

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1945-, Gilbert Richard J., and Jacquemin Alexis, eds. Barriers to entry and strategic competition. London: Routledge, 2001.

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Vidal, Christian. Non-Equilibrium Dynamics in Chemical Systems: Proceedings of the International Symposium, Bordeaux, France, September 3-7, 1984. Brand: Springer, 2011.

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Sklar, Lawrence. Causation in Statistical Mechanics. Edited by Helen Beebee, Christopher Hitchcock, and Peter Menzies. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279739.003.0033.

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In statistical mechanics causation appears at the micro-level as the postulation that the full state of a system at one time can be specified by the dynamical state of all its micro-constituents (the positions and momenta of the molecules in a gas or, alternatively the wave function of these at one time), and that this state at one time generates, following the laws of dynamics (classical or quantum) the future dynamical state of the system characterized in these micro-constituent terms. So what is ‘non-causal’ in nature in explanations in statistical mechanics? This article explores two issues: The peculiar ‘transcendental’ nature of explanation in equilibrium theory in statistical mechanics; The need for introducing some a priori probability posit over initial conditions of systems in non-equilibrium theory.

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North, Jill. Time in Thermodynamics. Edited by Craig Callender. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199298204.003.0011.

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It is often claimed, or hoped, that some temporal asymmetries are explained by the thermodynamic asymmetry in time. Thermodynamics, the macroscopic physics of pressure, temperature, volume, and so on, describes many temporally asymmetric processes. Heat flows spontaneously from hot objects to cold objects (in closed systems), never the reverse. More generally, systems spontaneously move from non-equilibrium states to equilibrium states, never the reverse. Delving into the foundations of statistical mechanics, this chapter reviews the many open questions in that field as they relate to temporal asymmetry. Taking a stand on many of them, it tackles questions about the nature of probabilities, the role of boundary conditions, and even the nature and scope of statistical mechanics.

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Bayly, Brian. Chemical Change in Deforming Materials. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195067644.001.0001.

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This book is the first to detail the chemical changes that occur in deforming materials subjected to unequal compressions. While thermodynamics provides, at the macroscopic level, an excellent means of understanding and predicting the behavior of materials in equilibrium and non-equilibrium states, much less is understood about nonhydrostatic stress and interdiffusion at the chemical level. Little is known, for example, about the chemistry of a state resulting from a cylinder of deforming material being more strongly compressed along its length than radially, a state of non-equilibrium that remains no matter how ideal the cylinder's condition in other respects. M. Brian Bayly here provides the outline of a comprehensive approach to gaining a simplified and unified understanding of such phenomena. The author's perspective differs from those commonly found in the technical literature in that he emphasizes two little-used equations that allow for a description and clarification of viscous deformation at the chemical level. Written at a level that will be accessible to many non-specialists, this book requires only a fundamental understanding of elementary mathematics, the nonhydrostatic stress state, and chemical potential. Geochemists, petrologists, structural geologists, and materials scientists will find Chemical Change in Deforming Materials interesting and useful.

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Nicholson, Daniel J. Reconceptualizing the Organism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779636.003.0007.

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This chapter draws on insights from non-equilibrium thermodynamics to demonstrate the ontological inadequacy of the machine conception of the organism. The thermodynamic character of living systems underlies the importance of metabolism and calls for the adoption of a processual view, exemplified by the Heraclitean metaphor of the stream of life. This alternative conception is explored in its various historical formulations, and the extent to which it captures the nature of living systems is examined. Next, the chapter considers the metaphysical implications of reconceptualizing the organism from complex machine to flowing stream. What do we learn when we reject the mechanical and embrace the processual? Three key lessons for biological ontology are identified. The first is that activity is a necessary condition for existence. The second is that persistence is grounded in the continuous self-maintenance of form. And the third is that order does not entail design.

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Zaanen, Jan. On Time. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780198920793.001.0001.

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Abstract This text revolves around a new and unusual view on the most fundamental puzzle of physics. It focusses on the key aspect that makes the role of the time dimension fundamentally different, dealing on the one hand with general relativity and quantum theory, and on the other hand: causality. The implicit and intuitive way by which causality is usually taken for granted is just made explicit and less self-evident, shedding new light on the gravity–quantum conflict. The case is made that gravity is a necessary condition for a causal universe. But upon turning to the ‘pure’ unitary quantum physics explaining the nature of matter, one is dealing with the strictly acausal time expressed through the thermal quantum field theory machinery. When this acausal microscopic and causal macroscopic world meet, one encounters the wavefunction collapse, that itself may be rooted in the quantum–gravity conflict. Modern ideas are discussed resting on eigenstate thermalization, showing how this may lie eventually at the origin of the irreversible thermodynamics, with its famous second law setting also a direction of time. The case is anchored in the sophisticated modern mathematical machinery of both general relativity and quantum physics, which is typically barely disseminated beyond the theoretical physics floors. The book is unique in the regard that the consequences of this machinery—Riemannian geometry and Penrose diagrams, thermal quantum fields, quantum non-equilibrium, and so forth—are explained in an original, descriptive language, conveying the conceptual consequences while avoiding mathematical technicalities.

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Частини книг з теми "Non-Equilibrium conditions"

Simon, Sindee L. "Dynamics of Confined Glass-Forming Liquids Near Equilibrium Conditions." In Non-equilibrium Phenomena in Confined Soft Matter, 245–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21948-6_11.

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Chvoj, Z. "Dynamics of Interacting Adparticles Under Non-Equilibrium Conditions." In Collective Diffusion on Surfaces: Correlation Effects and Adatom Interactions, 143–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0816-7_13.

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Vattulainen, I., J. Merikoski, T. Ala-Nissila, and S. C. Ying. "Studies of Surface Diffusion Under Non-Equilibrium Conditions." In Surface Diffusion, 625–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0262-7_55.

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Zanatta, S. C., F. F. Ivashita, K. L. da Silva, C. F. C. Machado, and A. Paesano. "Processing of gadolinium–iron garnet under non-equilibrium conditions." In LACAME 2012, 301–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6482-8_36.

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Stricker, Laura, and Lamberto Rondoni. "Microscopic Models for Vibrations in Mechanical Systems Under Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Conditions." In Understanding Complex Systems, 3–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17037-4_1.

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Armanini, Aronne. "Variation of bed and transport mean diameters in non-equilibrium conditions." In Fluvial Hydraulics of Mountain Regions, 459–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0011208.

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Sundberg, R. L., J. W. Duff, J. H. Gruninger, L. S. Bernstein, M. W. Matthew, S. M. Adler-Golden, D. C. Robertson, R. D. Sharma, J. H. Brown, and R. J. Healey. "SHARC, a Model for Calculating Atmospheric Infrared Radiation Under Non-Equilibrium Conditions." In The Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere: A Review of Experiment and Theory, 287–95. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm087p0287.

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Spiesz, Przemek, and Jos Brouwers. "Electrically accelerated transport of chlorides in concrete considering non-linear chloride binding in non-equilibrium conditions." In Advances in Modeling Concrete Service Life, 119–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2703-8_12.

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Prociuk, Alexander, and Barry D. Dunietz. "On the Electronic Spectra of a Molecular Bridge Under Non-Equilibrium Electric Potential Conditions." In Advances in the Theory of Atomic and Molecular Systems, 265–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2985-0_13.

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Hassani, Riad, Patrick Hild, and Ioan Ionescu. "Analysis of Eigenvalue Problems Modelling Friction: Sufficient Conditions of Non-Uniqueness for the Elastic Equilibrium." In Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, 133–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1154-8_15.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Non-Equilibrium conditions"

Kodanova, S., T. Ramazanov, N. Djienbekov, and N. Bastykova. "Heat Transfer Parameters in Two-Dimensional Yukawa Systems Under Uniform Magnetic Field Conditions: A Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamic Study." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS), 1. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icops58192.2024.10626139.

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Mueller, B. Y., I. Klett, and B. Rethfeld. "Laser excited metals under non-equilibrium conditions." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH POWER LASER ABLATION 2012. American Institute of Physics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4739913.

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Surzhikov, Sergey, Olivier Rouzaud, Tristan Soubrie, Vsevolod Gorelov, and Aleksandr Kireev. "Prediction of Non-Equilibrium and Equilibrium Radiation for Re-Entry Conditions." In 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-1188.

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X. L. Jiang, N. Xu, and L. J. Han. "Point-effect and non-equilibrium conditions in electrolysis experiments." In Anomalous nuclear effects in deuterium/solid systems. AIP, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.40718.

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Masana, F. N. "Correction to Thermal Impedance Measurements Made Under Non-Equilibrium Conditions." In 2007 14th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mixdes.2007.4286186.

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Mettu, Balachandra R., and Pramod K. Subbareddy. "Wall modeled LES of compressible flows at non-equilibrium conditions." In 2018 Fluid Dynamics Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-3405.

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Binauld, Quentin, Philippe Riviere, and Anouar Soufiani. "CO2 RADIATION IN EXPANDING FLOWS UNDER VIBRATIONAL NON-EQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS." In Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Radiative Transfer, RAD-19. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/rad-19.490.

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Tamaki, Yoshiharu, Yuma Fukushima, Yuichi Kuya, and Soshi Kawai. "Large-eddy simulation of airfoil flows at near-stall conditions using equilibrium/non-equilibrium wall models." In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-1646.

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Yang, Yuhao, Qinwen Fu, Xiaoli Li, Jyun-Syung Tsau, Reza Barati, and Shahin Negahban. "Experimental and Mechanism Study of CO2 and Bakken Oil Interactions at Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Conditions." In Unconventional Resources Technology Conference. Tulsa, OK, USA: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2019-498.

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Zhang, Xingyu, Kunio Fujiwara, and Masahiko Shibahara. "CALCULATION OF INTERFACIAL THERMAL RESISTANCE IN EQUILIBRIUM AND NON-EQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS BY USING MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS." In 7th Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference (TFEC). Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/tfec2022.emt.041156.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Non-Equilibrium conditions"

Viney, Christopher, Anne E. Huber, Dwayne L. Dunaway, Steven T. Case, and David L. Kaplan. Processing Natural and Reconstituted Silk Solutions Under Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Conditions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada281552.

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Prigogine, I. The behavior of matter under non-equilibrium conditions: Fundamental aspects and applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5262586.

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Malhotra, Vivak. Risk Assessment and Monitoring of Stored CO2 in Organic Rocks Under Non-Equilibrium Conditions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1163227.

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Prigogine, I. The behavior of matter under non-equilibrium conditions: Fundamental aspects and applications. Progress report, July 15, 1991--July 14, 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10146560.

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Crowley, David, Yitzhak Hadar, and Yona Chen. Rhizosphere Ecology of Plant-Beneficial Microorganisms. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695843.bard.

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Rhizoferrin, a siderophore produced by Rhizopus arrhizus, has been shown in previous studies to be an outstanding Fe carrier to plants. However, calculations based on stability constants and thermodynamic equilibrium lead to contradicting conclusions. In this study a kinetic approach was employed to elucidate this apparent contradiction and to determine the behavior of rhizoferrin under conditions representing soil and nutrient solutions. Stability of Fe3+ complexes in nutrient solution, rate of metal exchange with Ca, and rate of Fe extraction by the free ligand were monitored for rhizoferrin and other chelating agents by 55Fe labeling. Ferric complexes of rhizoferrin, desferri-ferrioxamine-B (DFOB), and ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (EDDHA) were found to be stable in nutrient solution at pH 7.5 for 31 days, while ferric complexes of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and mugineic acid (MA) lost 50% of the chelated Fe within 2 days. Fe-Ca exchange in Ca solutions at pH 8.7 revealed rhizoferrin to hold Fe at non-equilibrium state for 3-4 weeks at 3.3 mM Ca and for longer periods at lower Ca concentrations. EDTA lost the ferric ion at a faster rate under the same conditions. Fe extraction from freshly prepared Fe-hydroxide at pH 8.7 and with 3.2 mM Ca was slow and followed the order. DFOB > EDDHA > MA > rhizoferrin > EDTA. Based on these results we suggest that a kinetic rather than equilibrium approach should be the basis for predictions of Fe-chelates efficiency. We conclude that the non-equilibrium state of rhizoferrin is of crucial importance for its behavior as a Fe carrier to plants.

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Perdigão, Rui A. P., and Julia Hall. Spatiotemporal Causality and Predictability Beyond Recurrence Collapse in Complex Coevolutionary Systems. Meteoceanics, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46337/201111.

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Causality and Predictability of Complex Systems pose fundamental challenges even under well-defined structural stochastic-dynamic conditions where the laws of motion and system symmetries are known. However, the edifice of complexity can be profoundly transformed by structural-functional coevolution and non-recurrent elusive mechanisms changing the very same invariants of motion that had been taken for granted. This leads to recurrence collapse and memory loss, precluding the ability of traditional stochastic-dynamic and information-theoretic metrics to provide reliable information about the non-recurrent emergence of fundamental new properties absent from the a priori kinematic geometric and statistical features. Unveiling causal mechanisms and eliciting system dynamic predictability under such challenging conditions is not only a fundamental problem in mathematical and statistical physics, but also one of critical importance to dynamic modelling, risk assessment and decision support e.g. regarding non-recurrent critical transitions and extreme events. In order to address these challenges, generalized metrics in non-ergodic information physics are hereby introduced for unveiling elusive dynamics, causality and predictability of complex dynamical systems undergoing far-from-equilibrium structural-functional coevolution. With these methodological developments at hand, hidden dynamic information is hereby brought out and explicitly quantified even beyond post-critical regime collapse, long after statistical information is lost. The added causal insights and operational predictive value are further highlighted by evaluating the new information metrics among statistically independent variables, where traditional techniques therefore find no information links. Notwithstanding the factorability of the distributions associated to the aforementioned independent variables, synergistic and redundant information are found to emerge from microphysical, event-scale codependencies in far-from-equilibrium nonlinear statistical mechanics. The findings are illustrated to shed light onto fundamental causal mechanisms and unveil elusive dynamic predictability of non-recurrent critical transitions and extreme events across multiscale hydro-climatic problems.

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Ferreira, Clodomiro, Julio Gálvez, and Myroslav Pidkuyko. Housing tenure, consumption and household debt: life-cycle dynamics during a housing bust in Spain. Madrid: Banco de España, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/37293.

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The housing bust in Spain was characterised by a significant and rapid drop in home ownership among the younger cohorts, a relatively homogeneous but significant decrease in consumption and significant movements in the rent-to-house price ratio. To uncover the causes of these movements, we solve and estimate an equilibrium life-cycle model with non-linear income, mortgage and housing and rental market dynamics, and simulate a series of counterfactual policy changes and macroeconomic conditions observed in Spain during the period. The lion’s share of the observed drop in home ownership and consumption and the housing market dynamics can be explained by the tightening of credit conditions and the major shift in income dynamics observed in Spain between the boom and bust phases.

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Banin, Amos, Joseph Stucki, and Joel Kostka. Redox Processes in Soils Irrigated with Reclaimed Sewage Effluents: Field Cycles and Basic Mechanism. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695870.bard.

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The overall objectives of the project were: (a) To measure and study in situ the effect of irrigation with reclaimed sewage effluents on redox processes and related chemical dynamics in soil profiles of agricultural fields. (b) To study under controlled conditions the kinetics and equilibrium states of selected processes that affect redox conditions in field soils or that are effected by them. Specifically, these include the effects on heavy metals sorption and desorption, and the effect on pesticide degradation. On the basis of the initial results from the field study, increased effort was devoted to clarifying and quantifying the effects of plants and water regime on the soil's redox potential while the study of heavy metals sorption was limited. The use of reclaimed sewage effluents as agricultural irrigation water is increasing at a significant rate. The relatively high levels of suspended and, especially, dissolved organic matter and nitrogen in effluents may affect the redox regime in field soils irrigated with them. In turn, the changes in redox regime may affect, among other parameters, the organic matter and nitrogen dynamics of the root zone and trace organic decomposition processes. Detailed data of the redox potential regime in field plots is lacking, and the detailed mechanisms of its control are obscure and not quantified. The study established the feasibility of long-term, non-disturbing monitoring of redox potential regime in field soils. This may enable to manage soil redox under conditions of continued inputs of wastewater. The importance of controlling the degree of wastewater treatment, particularly of adding ultrafiltration steps and/or tertiary treatment, may be assessed based on these and similar results. Low redox potential was measured in a field site (Site A, KibutzGivat Brenner), that has been irrigated with effluents for 30 years and was used for 15 years for continuous commercial sod production. A permanently reduced horizon (Time weighted averaged pe= 0.33±3.0) was found in this site at the 15 cm depth throughout the measurement period of 10 months. A drastic cultivation intervention, involving prolonged drying and deep plowing operations may be required to reclaim such soils. Site B, characterized by a loamy texture, irrigated with tap water for about 20 years was oxidized (Time weighted average pe=8.1±1.0) throughout the measurement period. Iron in the solid phases of the Givat Brenner soils is chemically-reduced by irrigation. Reduced Fe in these soils causes a change in reactivity toward the pesticide oxamyl, which has been determined to be both cytotoxic and genotoxic to mammalian cells. Reaction of oxamyl with reduced-Fe clay minerals dramatically decreases its cytotoxicity and genotoxicity to mammalian cells. Some other pesticides are affected in the same manner, whereas others are affected in the opposite direction (become more cyto- and genotoxic). Iron-reducing bacteria (FeRB) are abundant in the Givat Brenner soils. FeRB are capable of coupling the oxidation of small molecular weight carbon compounds (fermentation products) to the respiration of iron under anoxic conditions, such as those that occur under flooded soil conditions. FeRB from these soils utilize a variety of Fe forms, including Fe-containing clay minerals, as the sole electron acceptor. Daily cycles of the soil redox potential were discovered and documented in controlled-conditions lysimeter experiments. In the oxic range (pe=12-8) soil redox potential cycling is attributed to the effect of the daily temperature cycle on the equilibrium constant of the oxygenation reaction of H⁺ to form H₂O, and is observed under both effluent and freshwater irrigation. The presence of plants affects considerably the redox potential regime of soils. Redox potential cycling coupled to the irrigation cycles is observed when the soil becomes anoxic and the redox potential is controlled by the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple. This is particularly seen when plants are grown. Re-oxidation of the soil after soil drying at the end of an irrigation cycle is affected to some degree by the water quality. Surprisingly, the results suggest that under certain conditions recovery is less pronounced in the freshwater irrigated soils.

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Jury, William A., and David Russo. Characterization of Field-Scale Solute Transport in Spatially Variable Unsaturated Field Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568772.bard.

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This report describes activity conducted in several lines of research associated with field-scale water and solute processes. A major effort was put forth developing a stochastic continuum analysis for an important class of problems involving flow of reactive and non reactive chemicals under steady unsaturated flow. The field-scale velocity covariance tensor has been derived from local soil properties and their variability, producing a large-scale description of the medium that embodies all of the local variability in a statistical sense. Special cases of anisotropic medium properties not aligned along the flow direction of spatially variable solute sorption were analysed in detail, revealing a dependence of solute spreading on subtle features of the variability of the medium, such as cross-correlations between sorption and conductivity. A novel method was developed and tested for measuring hydraulic conductivity at the scale of observation through the interpretation of a solute transport outflow curve as a stochastic-convective process. This undertaking provided a host of new K(q) relationships for existing solute experiments and also laid the foundation for future work developing a self-consistent description of flow and transport under these conditions. Numerical codes were developed for calculating K(q) functions for a variety of solute pulse outflow shapes, including lognormal, Fickian, Mobile-Immobile water, and bimodal. Testing of this new approach against conventional methodology was mixed, and agreed most closely when the assumptions of the new method were met. We conclude that this procedure offers a valuable alternative to conventional methods of measuring K(q), particularly when the application of the method is at a scale (e.g. and agricultural field) that is large compared to the common scale at which conventional K(q) devices operate. The same problem was approached from a numerical perspective, by studying the feasibility of inverting a solute outflow signal to yield the hydraulic parameters of the medium that housed the experiment. We found that the inverse problem was solvable under certain conditions, depending on the amount of noise in the signal and the degree of heterogeneity in the medium. A realistic three dimensional model of transient water and solute movement in a heterogeneous medium that contains plant roots was developed and tested. The approach taken was to generate a single realization of this complex flow event, and examine the results to see whether features were present that might be overlooked in less sophisticated model efforts. One such feature revealed is transverse dispersion, which is a critically important component in the development of macrodispersion in the longitudinal direction. The lateral mixing that was observed greatly exceeded that predicted from simpler approaches, suggesting that at least part of the important physics of the mixing process is embedded in the complexity of three dimensional flow. Another important finding was the observation that variability can produce a pseudo-kinetic behavior for solute adsorption, even when the local models used are equilibrium.

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