Дисертації з теми "Non-Emergence"
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Adams, Scott, and scott@tcl net au. "Time and Emergence: Designing the non-instant landscape." RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080123.091331.
Albert, Steven P. "Supportive Community Housing: Addressing the Emergence of Non-Traditional Households." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1112140212.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on April 26, 2007). Keywords: supportive community housing; housing for non-traditional families; non-traditional households; multi-family housing; housing design; housing Includes bibliographical references.
Van, Zyl Jandre. "Leadership behaviour that facilitate shared leadership emergence in internationally dispersed non-formal teams." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79673.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
pt2021
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
Liao, Carol. "For-profit, non-profit, and hybrid : the global emergence of legally 'good' corporations and the Canadian experiment." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59549.
Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
Li, Shuang. "Molecular mechanisms leading to the emergence of mouse regulatory T lymphocytes specific to non-inherited maternal antigens." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/327043.
[FR]Il est bien illustré que la génération périnatal de Treg est le principal mécanisme responsable du maintien de la tolérance immunitaire fœtale qui se développe suite à l'exposition aux antigènes maternels non-hérités (NIMA). De plus, la présence de Tregs spécifiques des NIMA dans l'utérus des femmes enceintes favorise la capacité de reproduction en renforçant la tolérance maternelle aux mêmes antigènes paternels exprimés par le fœtus pendant les grossesses de prochaine génération. Cependant, la raison pour laquelle la lignée des cellules T fœtales est biaisée en faveur de la tolérance immunitaire est mal comprise. Chez la souris, en raison du manque d'expression de la désoxynucléotidyl transférase terminale (TdT), les cellules T néonatales ont un répertoire de TCR moins diversifié. Ceci est connu pour limiter leur spécificité et augmenter leur affinité pour les complexes CMH / peptide. Au début du présent travail, nous avons émis l'hypothèse que l'expression de TCRs de haute affinité pourrait être la raison qui force le développement de Treg spécifiques chez les nouveau-nés. Nous avons plus particulièrement entrepris notre étude dans le but d'étudier les mécanismes sous-jacents au développement de Tregs spécifiques des NIMA chez la souris pendant la période périnatale. En utilisant le modèle de souris hétérozygotes pour 2W1S-OVA+ dans lequel l'antigène 2W1S a été transformé en NIMA pour la moitié de la progéniture, nous avons observé une fréquence accrue de Tregs spécifiques de 2W1S chez les animaux exposés au NIMA. De plus, nous avons également observé que les Treg NIMA-2W1S dérivés de la périphérie avaient un répertoire de TCRs moins diversifié et étaient phénotypiquement distincts des Tregs spécifiques de SELF-2W1S dérivés du thymus. Afin de déterminer si le manque de diversité était responsable du développement de Tregs néonataux spécifiques de NIMA, nous avons généré des souris transgéniques où l'expression de TdT était appliquée dans les cellules T avant la naissance. Nous avons constaté que le TdT transgénique ajoutait une diversité de TCR clonale, mais n'empêchait pas le développement de clones de cellules T avec un répertoire TCR de type néonatal et ne modifiait pas la fréquence des Treg néonataux spécifiques du NIMA. Au contraire, l'expression de TdT a augmenté de manière significative la génération de Tregs spécifiques de SELF-2W1S à des niveaux similaires à ceux des Treg spécifiques de NIMA-2W1S. Prises ensembles, nos données indiquent que les voies de développement du répertoire des Tregs néonataux spécifiques de NIMA et SELF sont différentes en termes d'induction et de maintien de la tolérance néonatale.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Hind, Colene. "Organisational practices and individual innovation behaviour: a non-linear approach to modelling the emergence of corporate entrepreneurship." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29870.
Ahuka, Mundeke Steve. "Identification et caractérisation moléculaires des rétrovirus simiens et évaluation du risque de transmission à l'homme en Afrique Centrale." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON1T002.
SIVs and SLTVs infecting apes and monkeys in Africa are the progenitors of HIV and HTLV. Numerous African non-human primates are infected with SIV and STLV and humans continue to be exposed to these viruses by hunting and handling of primate bushmeat. Therefore the risk of cross-species transmissions from primates to humans is still persistent. We showed that SIVagi infecting captive agile mangabey is most closely related to SIVrcm from a wild-caught red capped mangabey from Cameroon. We observed also phylogeographic clustering among SIVdeb strains from Cameroon, DRC and Uganda, but also among distinct areas in Cameroon. We adapted and evaluated a novel high troughput immune assay that included 34 different HIV and SIV antigens in a single well. Using this tool and others, we found a high SIV and STLV prevalence especially among the most hunted monkeys in DRC. We identified also new SIV and STLV lineages. On the other hand, we did not find any evidence of SIV infection in bonobos. However, we showed, for the first time, that fecal samples could be used to detect STLV infection in bonobos that are naturally infected with STLV-2 and 3. The results obtained during this thesis contribute to the improvement of our knowledge on retroviral infections in nonhuman primates from Central Africa, complete information on HIV and HTLV reservoirs and provide background information on human transmission risk of these infections in central Africa especially in DRC
Strange, Heather. "Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis and testing : perspectives on the emergence and translation of a new prenatal testing technology." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/90887/.
Awasthi, Smita. "Emergence of vocalization in non vocal children with a diagnosis of autism : building an evidence base for interventions." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2017. https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/emergence-of-vocalization-in-non-vocal-children-with-a-diagnosis-of-autism-building-an-evidence-base-for-interventions(e0005530-9415-4229-88fd-6dce404962a1).html.
Stillpass, Zoe. "Vers le non-humain : quelques sujets émergents de l'art récent (1987-2018)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH109.
In recent years, the authority of human exceptionalism has increasingly come into question by a number of contemporary artists. Their non-anthropocentric works acknowledge the fundamental role that non-human actors play in artistic production. For them, the non-human includes both biological and non-biological, corporeal and incorporeal entities. This dissertation examines several artistic practices that, in various ways since the 1990s, draw attention to non-human agency. To this end, I analyze these works in the context of corresponding cross-disciplinary theories which developed concurrently with these practices. In addition, I contrast them with influential theoretical approaches that reduce art to social constructions. This dissertation is divided into three parts, each matching the three boundaries that Donna Haraway identified as dissolving at the end of the 20th century: the boundary between humans and animals, between organisms and machines, and between the material and the immaterial. With the dissolution of these boundaries and the granting of agency to non-human entities, the art world begins to encompass more complex and multifarious assemblages. Accordingly, this paper attempts to show the novel forms and meaning that emerge as artists adopt a non-anthropocentric point of view
Al-Sabah, Shamayel Ahmad Khaled. "Designing emergent business process : the case of the foreign procurement process of Kuwait Ministry of Defence." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11625.
KARRAR, ELFADIL. "Traditions, modernisation et emergence des conflits ethniques : desuetude des theories dualistes face aux societes non-capitalistes etude d'un cas du kordofan(soudan)." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL12001.
This study is mainly concerned by the analyses of the socio-economic consequences followed the sudanese policy of the modernization of the traditional sector(in 1969) showing us the relationship of causality exists between the programmes of economic development on one hand and the stagnation of the modern sector and the emergence of the ethnic conflicts on the other hand. The case study of southern kordofan(western sudan) giving us the permision not only to reject the dualisme of the development scientists, like boeke and his scolars-dualisme which was taken as the theoretical reference of the economic development programmes-but also to citisize their opponants
Voorsluijs, Valérie. "Emergent properties of nonlinear compartmentalised dynamics." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/273993.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ismail, Suzianah Nhazzla. "Understanding the emergence, development and trajectories of new social movements (NSMs) in industrial countries & non-post-materialist societies : the case of animal protection movement in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18405/.
Anders, Nils H. "Norms and non-governmental advocacy on conventional arms control : dynamics and governance." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4449.
Binauld, Cédric. "Tentative de renouveau d'un écosystème : les processus individuels et collectifs à la base de la non-émergence d'un écosystème d'innovation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILA018.
The concept of ecosystem imported by Moore (1993) in strategy is increasingly used by practitioners and explored by researchers both theoretically and empirically. Conceived in this work as "a community of hierarchically independent, yet interdependent, heterogeneous participants who collectively generate an ecosystem outcome", the organizations involved face specific strategic issues, e.g. positioning in the structure, management of bottlenecks. During the renewal phase, organizations try, for example, to define the Value Proposition and to capture the value activated by the resulting innovation. Our literature review shows that the renewal phase is little investigated empirically and that, in general, the strategic issues are approached according to a functionalist approach or according to a voluntarist approach centered on a focal organization. In order to take relational dynamics into account, we ask the following question: “What are the individual processes and the collective organizational processes implemented during an attempt to renew an ecosystem? ". We answer this question with a single longitudinal case study with embedded units. We observe the failure of an attempted renewal project of an ESI. Data is collected continuously for more than three years using intervention and observation tactics. The analysis is carried out by means of a thematic coding based on an adaptation of the Gioia method. The results show that the organizations involved seek to limit changes in their own Business Models (BM hereafter) and, with regard to the need for BM matching, also seek to minimize changes in the partners' BM. The economic model thus proves to be structuring for the renewal of the ecosystem. The ecosystem we are studying is subject to a legal monopoly for the distribution network management activity. We observe that this situation gives significant power to the organization that benefits from it even though it does not own this network. We contribute to the literature on ecosystems by showing that the renewal of an ecosystem cannot take place in the absence of agreement on its new structure. We show the challenge for members to master the definition of PV and the governance of the ecosystem. We show the presence of a bottleneck creation strategy that does not only concern the technical aspects. We bring together the literature of ecosystems with that of BMs. The BM gives meaning to organizational and inter-organizational behaviors and specifies the parts of the environment with which an organization enters into a relationship. We observe that without pairing the BMs concerned, innovation cannot be introduced and the ecosystem cannot be renewed. We also conclude that the activity of Business Model Innovation (BMI hereafter) is a business activity. On the managerial level, we underline the necessary reassessment by the State of the legal structuring of an ecosystem with regard to new goals. We also provide managers with a tool and an approach to enable them to decide in an ecosystemic universe
Gillard, Tristan. "Auto-organisation multi-échelle pour l’émergence de comportements sensorimoteurs coordonnés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0353.
Non-associative learning is widely observed throughout phylogeny and appears to be fundamental for the adaptation and, thus, the survival of living organisms. This thesis explores adaptation mechanisms inspired by these non-associative learnings. We propose three computational models of habituation, three models of site-specific sensitization and one model of pseudo-conditioning. We develop these models within the framework of the Iterant Deformable Sensorimotor Medium (IDSM), a recently developed abstract model of sensorimotor behavior formation. The characteristics of the presented models are studied and analyzed in light of our long-term goal of investigating new unsupervised learning mechanisms for autonomous artificial agents
Kagi, Reinaldo Kenji. "Fragmentos de complexidade aplicados ao mercado financeiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11518.
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The rise of complexity in financial markets has been reported by Rajan (2005), Gorton (2008) and e Haldane & May (2011) as one of the main features that led to the increase of systemic risk, which climaxed in the financial crisis of 2007/08. The Bank for International Settlements (2013) covers the matters of complexity in the context of banking regulation and discusses the comparability of capital adequacy among banks and jurisdictions. Nonetheless, definitions for concepts such as complexity and complex adaptive systems are omitted from the major discussions. This paper elucidates some concepts related to the Theories of Complexity, how this phenomenon arises, how they may be applied to financial markets. We discuss the use of two tools in the context of complex adaptive systems: Agent Based Models (ABMs) and entropy. We come to the conclusion that although the complexity research agenda still leaves us some gaps, it most definitely contributes to the economic research in understanding the mechanisms that trigger systemic risks, as well as adding tools that allows us model interacting heterogeneous agents, which leads to the rise of emergent phenomena in the system. Some research hypotheses are suggested for later development.
O aumento da complexidade do mercado financeiro tem sido relatado por Rajan (2005), Gorton (2008) e Haldane e May (2011) como um dos principais fatores responsáveis pelo incremento do risco sistêmico que culminou na crise financeira de 2007/08. O Bank for International Settlements (2013) aborda a questão da complexidade no contexto da regulação bancária e discute a comparabilidade da adequação de capital entre os bancos e entre jurisdições. No entanto, as definições dos conceitos de complexidade e de sistemas adaptativos complexos são suprimidas das principais discussões. Este artigo esclarece alguns conceitos relacionados às teorias da Complexidade, como se dá a emergência deste fenômeno, como os conceitos podem ser aplicados ao mercado financeiro. São discutidas duas ferramentas que podem ser utilizadas no contexto de sistemas adaptativos complexos: Agent Based Models (ABMs) e entropia e comparadas com ferramentas tradicionais. Concluímos que ainda que a linha de pesquisa da complexidade deixe lacunas, certamente esta contribui com a agenda de pesquisa econômica para se compreender os mecanismos que desencadeiam riscos sistêmicos, bem como adiciona ferramentas que possibilitam modelar agentes heterogêneos que interagem, de forma a permitir o surgimento de fenômenos emergentes no sistema. Hipóteses de pesquisa são sugeridas para aprofundamento posterior.
Drouin, Annie. "Input and Language Acquisition : A Comparison of Native and Non-Native Signers." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40440.
Geneston, Elvis L. "Emergence of Complexity from Synchronization and Cooperation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6107/.
Chen, Chongjian. "Emergence of novel noncoding elements in eukaryotic genomes." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112310.
It is appearent that noncoding RNAs/elements play indispensible roles in biological systems. Our knowledge about the identification, function and evolution of noncoding RNAs/elements has greatly accumulated, however it seems that we are just at the gate of the hidden noncoding world since majority of genome sequences hitherto have not been annotated. Ln this dissertation, to better understrand the unannoated regions of sequenced genomes, I have made different attempts on the identification of noncoding RNAs/elements and elucidation of emergence and evolution of noncoding RNAs/elements. Ln the first two projects, I have utilized known snoRNA programs combined with specially designed filter based on the additional sequence and structural features to have comprehensive analyses of snoRNAs in C. Elegans and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii genome. The emergence and evolution of snoRNAs have been widely discussed. Ln the third project, I have addressed the emergence of polyadenylation (polyA) sites via the exaptation of transposable elements. I have confirmed the exaptation events in Alu-borne polyA sites and proposed the probable emergence models for polyA sites. Ln the fourth project, I have presented a novel approach to identify noncoding RNAs/elements emerged from duplications. Ln total, ≈ 4000 noncoding RNAs/elements have been predicted. Ln the last project, I have attempted to investigate the emergence of small RNAs. I have developed a new strategy to identify miRNAs in deep sequence pools. Ln two deep sequencing pools of rice calli, I have identified 24 novel miRNAs and also isolated specific small RNA fragments derived from 5' and 3' termini of tRNAs
Yarrison, Fritz William. "A Theoretical and Methodological Advancement of Identity Theory: The Emergence of Context Specific Salience." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1510401466933009.
Hadji, Moradlou Sara. "Early child grammars." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/HADJI_MORADLOU_Sara_va2.pdf.
This thesis combines corpus work, formal specification, and experimental investigation, to characterize the beginning stages of language learning---the single-word stage. In the first half of this thesis, we develop a taxonomy of one word utterances drawing inspiration from work on adult non-sentential utterances, and previous studies of early child language pragmatics. We provide formal descriptions for the types in our taxonomy that allow representation of semantic content of single-word utterances using the same tools employed in adult grammars. As in adult non-sentential utterances, meaning in children's one-word utterances relies heavily on contextual elements. In the second half of the thesis, we take a closer look at question--answer interactions. We describe the dialogical structure of such parent--child interactions, and provide a theory of how question meanings might be learned interactively. We then compare emergence of answers to wh- and polar questions, using corpus studies, and shared book reading experiments in German and Mandarin. We show that a subclass of wh-questions emerge (as answerable) before polar questions, and discuss factors contributing to this counter-intuitive finding, in light of our earlier heavily context-dependent proposals for how question meanings are acquired
Grose, Robert. "The emergence of the documentary real within relational and post-relational political aesthetics." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/311131.
Serra, Lopes Francisco. "De mystica sive obscenum. Hermenèutica negativa com a procés de compresió de la poesia de Fernando Echeverría i com a via d'autoconeixement del lector." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7452.
Before the work of Portuguese poet Fernando Echevarría (born 1927), a phenomenological reading is intended. Observing the limits of such phenomenology, and paying attention to the lectural relation that develops, I proceed discerning which qualities may be more capable of describing and understanding that poetic discourse: intension, emergence, praise and good without intermittence. These qualities, confirmed by a philosophic approach that gets closer to them in the form of intuitive reason, manifest the possibility of identifying the Echevarrian discourse as mystical poetry. The place of the reader is reconsidered as negativity while the uses of the expression 'negative hermeneutics' allow for a description of both its distinctiveness and the consequences this hermeneutic disposition may have for the life of a community of readers.
Elliott, Julie R. "The Role of Faith-Based Congregations during Disaster Response and Recovery: A Case Study of Katy, Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1752353/.
Jansen, Christopher Paul. "Leadership development through appreciative inquiry : complexity thinking in the non-government (NGO) sector." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Educational Studies and Leadership, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9885.
Nottale, Matthieu. "Ancrage d'un lexique partagé entre robots autonomes dans un environnement non-contraint." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004260.
Gunduz, Burcu. "Contest In The Boundaries Of Corporate Social Responsibility: Emergence Of Nongovernmental Systems Of Labour Regulation In The Textile And Apparel Industry." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611347/index.pdf.
Rouchier, Juliette. "La confiance à travers l'échange. Accès aux pâturages au Nord-Cameroun et échanges non-marchands : des simulations dans des systèmes multi-agents." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349010.
Ouellet, Paul. "Évaluation d'une perfusion d'algosédation guidée soit par l'échelle de Ramsay soit par la technologie BIS sur le temps d'émergence et sur la synchronie patient-ventilateur auprès d'adultes non communicatifs durant la phase aiguë de ventilation mécanique en soins critiques." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6249.
Phelan, Daniel Patrick. "Cobaltites : emergence of magnetism and metallicity from a non-magnetic, insulating state /." 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3283295.
Ramos, Ana Patrícia Parracho Filipe 1988. "Understanding emergence and cell cycle dynamics of non-apical progenitors in the zebrafish retina." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/7580.
A retina, como parte do sistema nervoso central, é formada a partir do tubo neural. O neuroepitélio que dá origem à retina, apresenta muitas similaridades com o neuroepitélio que origina o cérebro. Desta forma, o estudo da neurogenese na retina tem permitido a compreensão dos processos envolvidos durante o desenvolvimento do restante sistema nervoso central. O neuroepitélio é constituído por apenas uma camada de células neuroepiteliais. Estas estão ligadas à superfície apical e, no extremo oposto, à superfície basal. Por sua vez, o núcleo destas células, migra ao longo de todo o eixo apical-basal, de uma forma que está dependente do ciclo celular. A esta migração nuclear deu-se o nome de migração inter nuclear (Interkinetic nuclear migration ou IKNM). O facto de os núcleos migrarem dentro das células e adquirirem diferentes posições ao longo do tempo, faz com que o neuroepitélio adquira uma estrutura pseudoestratificada. A característica mais particular da IKNM é o facto de as células dividirem-se apenas quando o núcleo se encontra junto da superfície apical. Para tal, este migra activamente em direcção à superfície apical durante a fase G2 do ciclo celular. A retina é composta por cinco tipos de neurónios, três dos quais são excitatórios - foto-receptores, células bipolares e células ganglionares – e dois tipos de interneurónios – células amácrinas e células horizontais. Estes neurónios estão distribuídos por três camadas nucleares distintas. Os foto-receptores constituem a camada mais externa (outer nuclear layer ou ONL) , junto à superfície apical; enquanto que células horizontais, bipolar e amácrinas distribuem-se pela camada interna (inner nuclear layer ou INL). Células ganglionares compõem a camada ganglionar (ganglion cell layer ou GCL), a camada mais basal da retina. Todas os neurónios na retina provêm do mesmo grupo de células neuroepiteliais. Estas células estão sujeitas a IKNM e por isso dividem-se exclusivamente na superficie apical. Até há pouco tempo pensava-se que todos os neurónios eram formados na superfície apical após a divisão de uma célula neuroepithelial. Esta divisão seria procedida pela migração da célula pós-mitótica para a camada final onde se iria diferenciar. No entanto, foi descoberto que em peixe-zebra (Danio rerio) a camada de células horizontais é totalmente formada a partir da divisão de progenitors em posições não apicais, no local onde a futura camada destas células se vai formar. Para além das células horizontais, trabalhos recentes no nosso laboratório conduziram à descoberta de que a camada de células bipolares também é formada parcialmente pela divisão de progenitores não apicais. Tanto os progenitores que dão origem às células horizontais como aqueles que originam as células bipolares são unipotentes e expressam marcadores específicos da linhagem que vão originar. Progenitores não apicais das células horizontais expressam o factor de transcrição Ptf1a e o marcador celular Cx55.5; progenitores não apicais das células bipolares expressam o factor de transcrição Vsx1. A retina do peixe-zebra desenvolve-se num curto espaço de tempo e às 72 horas após a fertilização (hpf) a neurogenese está praticamente completa. Por isso mesmo, os progenitores têm de proliferar e formar neurónios rapidamente. Além disso, a diferenciação dos diferentes tipos de neurónios ocorre em períodos de tempo que se sobrepõem, isto leva a que numa determinada janela temporal, várias camadas de células estejam a ser formadas ao mesmo tempo. A junção destes factores pode levar ao aparecimento de constrangimentos dentro do tecido podendo influenciar a proliferação celular, neurogeneses e migração. Foi com base nestes pressupostos que neste trabalho quisemos perceber se as características do tecido poderiam ter influência no aparecimento dos progenitores não apicais. Os resultados previamente obtidos no laboratório apontavam para o facto de que os primeiros progenitores não apicais das células bipolares, surgirem ao mesmo tempo que o desenvolvimento da camada de células foto-receptoras Esta camada de células localiza-se justaposta à superfície apical, o que poderá limitar o seu acesso por parte dos progenitores. Tentou-se então perceber se o desenvolvimento da camada de células foto-receptoras poderia estar na base do surgimento dos progenitores de células bipolares não apicais. Para tal pretendeu-se eliminar a camada de células foto-receptoras e verificar se o numero deste tipo de progenitores poderia ser alterado. Para além de limitações no acesso à superfície apical, outros factores dentro do tecido podem influenciar o surgimento de progenitores não apicais. Aquando da ablação genética de determinados tipos de células, a retina mantém a sua estrutura e compensa as células perdidas produzindo um maior número de células de outro tipo. Por exemplo, quando as células ganglionares são eliminadas, estas são substituídas por células que expressam Ptf1a, um factor de transcrição essencial para a diferenciação dos progenitores em células horizontais e amacrinas. Por outro lado, quando células horizontais e amácrinas são eliminadas, a INL é totalmente ocupada por células bipolares que são produzidas em maior número. Com este projecto tentou-se perceber onde é que este número supérfluo de células era originado (se na superfície apical ou noutro local da retina). Para tal, as células ganglionares e interneurónios foram eliminadas recorrendo a dois morfolinos que inibem a expressão dos factores de transcrição essenciais para a produção destes dois tipos celulares: Ath5 (essencial para o desenvolvimento de células ganglionares) e Ptf1a (essencial para o desenvolvimento de interneurónios). Para percebermos onde é que as células se dividiam, as retinas dos embriões onde estes neurónios foram eliminados, foram marcadas com um anticorpo especifico para células que estão na fase mitótica e analisados em diversos estadios do desenvolvimento. A análise dos embriões trouxe resultados surpreendentes. Aquando da eliminação das células ganglionares, vários conjuntos de células foram observados a dividirem-se perto da superfície basal. Algumas destas divisões ocorrem após o estabelecimento da GCL, isto é, após a grande parte dos neurónios desta camada já estarar diferenciada e com sinapses estabelecidas. Divisões celulares em posições tão basais nunca foram descritas antes. Na análise dos embriões onde os interneurónios foram eliminados, observou-se que a frequência de progenitores não apicais que expressam Vsx1 diminuiu. Este facto é bastante intrigante uma vez que são as células positivas para Vsx1 que originam a maior parte das células bipolares. No entanto observou-se também que existe um aumento no número de progenitores não apicais que não expressam Vsx1. Estes resultados para além de intrigantes deixam muitas questões em aberto. No caso em que as células ganglionares são eliminadas, ficamos por descobrir porque é que estas células se dividem tão basalmente. Específicamente será importante perceber se se tratam de células diferenciadas ou de progenitores indiferenciados. Depois será também preciso clarificar o porquê destas células se dividirem nesta região. Tendo em conta que a GCL está a ser preenchida por um tipo de células que normalmente não a compõem é indicativo que a ausência desta camada tem influência no comportamento das células. Na situação em que as células horizontais e amácrinas foram eliminadas também será importante saber o que vão originar os progenitores não apicais observados, que não expressam Vsx1. Os resultados aqui apresentados apontam para a existência de factores externos, nomeadamente factores ligados à estrutura celular do tecido que influenciam o aparecimento de progenitores não apicais. Uma futura exploração mais detalhada destas observações irá tornar possível o esclarecimento de como é que a estrutura e morfologia de um tecido poderão influenciar a proliferação celular.
Until recently it was thought that all the neurons in the retina were formed by the division of multipotent progenitors at the apical surface, followed by migration of the post-mitotic cell to the prospective neuronal layer. However, it was recently shown that, in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) retina the layer of horizontal cells (HCs) is formed solely by committed precursors that divide in non-apical positions. This finding was further expanded to the formation of the bipolar cell (BC) layer, by the discovery that BCs precursors can also divide at non-apical positions. Both pools of non-apical precursors are unipotent and express markers of the cell lineage that they will give rise to: Ptf1a and Cx55.5 in the case of HC precursors; Vsx1 in the case of BCs precursors. The rapid proliferation and neurogenesis upon the development of the zebrafish retina might lead to the emergence of tissue constraints, specifically space constraints. In this work we set out to understand the occurrence of non-apical progenitors in the retina taking tissue architecture into account. Upon elimination of the most basal layer in the retina (the ganglion cell layer) we found that subset of cell can divide in regions close to the basal lamina. Divisions at such basal positions were never described. Furthermore we found that, upon ablation of the interneurons, a pool of non-apical cells, negative for the expression of Vsx1 emerges. The results shown in these works point towards the existence of external factors, like the cellular structure of the tissue, that play a role in the emergence of non-apical progenitors. A further exploration of these observations will allow understanding how the structure and morphology of the tissue can influence cellular proliferation.
Streckfuss, David. "Creating "The Thai" the emergence of indigenous nationalism in non-colonial Siam 1850-1980 /." 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/16402614.html.
Weinshenker, Allan. "The emergence of new strategies and alliances among community-based non-profit organizations in a gentrifying inner-city neighbourhood : a case study of non-profit organizations in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/21543.
Mendonça, Catarina Ribeiro. "Epidemiological survey of the pattern of colonization and infection caused by species of the Candida genus in Hospitals of the Lisbon area: emphasis on azole resistance and emergence of non-conventional species." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/43456.
Até hoje já foram conduzidos em Portugal alguns estudos epidemiológicos focados na caracterização da candidemia invasiva, no entanto, pouco se sabe sobre qual o padrão de colonização das espécies do género Candida em nichos considerados não estéreis onde estas espécies podem existir como comensais. Estudos recentes têm demonstrado o papel importante que as populações comensais podem desenvolver enquanto focos de infeção invasiva. Nesse sentido, neste trabalho foi analisada a frequência de isolamentos de Candida spp. em mais de 1000 isolados recolhidos de amostras estéreis e não estéreis em 5 grandes centros hospitalares e num conjunto de Postos de Recolha da área de Lisboa. Para além da caracterização da frequência dos isolados das espécies nos diferentes produtos, foi analisada a suscetibilidade de um conjunto alargado destes isolados a 3 antifúngicos com relevância na prática clínica, anfotericina B, fluconazol e voriconazol. No geral, os resultados obtidos confirmam a elevada prevalência de C. albicans enquanto espécie colonizadora de amostras estéreis e não estéreis. Apesar disso, uma percentagem significativa de isolados (26 %) pertencentes a espécies Candida não-albicans foi observada, com ênfase para as espécies C. glabrata (14 %), C. parapsilosis (5 %) e C. tropicalis (4 %). Esta distribuição é consistente com os resultados reportados em estudos epidemiológicos desenvolvidos anteriormente em Portugal e ao redor do mundo. A prevalência de resistência aos antifúngicos observada foi baixa em todas as espécies (0,36 %) tendo sido possível identificar pelo menos 1 isolado de C. glabrata, recolhido de exsudado vaginal, resistente a fluconazol e voriconazol. Tentou-se verificar se este fenótipo de resistência estaria subjacente à existência de mutações de ganho de função na sequência do regulador transcricional CgPdr1 tendo-se identificado 3 mutações, nomeadamente, V91I, L98S e D243N.
To date, some epidemiological studies focused on cases of invasive candidemia have been conducted in Portugal, however, little is known about what the pattern of colonization of species of the genus Candida in niches considered non-sterile where this species can exist as commensals. Recent studies have shown the important role that commensal population can develop as foci of invasive infections. In this sense, in this work it was examined the frequency of isolation of Candida spp. in more than 1000 isolates collected from sterile and non-sterile samples in 5 major hospital centers and in a set of Collection stations of the Lisbon area. Besides the characterization of the frequency of species isolates in the different products, it was also tested the susceptibility to 3 antifungals with relevance in the clinical practice, amphotericin B, fluconazol and voriconazol. In general, the results obtained confirmed the high prevalence of C. albicans while colonizer species in sterile and non-sterile samples. Nevertheless, a significant percentage of isolates (26 %) belonging to non-Candida albicans Candida species was also observed with emphasis on C. glabrata (14 %), C. parapsilosis (5 %) and C. tropicalis (4 %). This distribution is consistent with the results reported in other epidemiological surveys undertaken in Portugal and worldwide. The incidence of resistance to antifungals observed was low in every species (0,36 %) and it was possible to identify at least 1 C. glabrata isolate, from a vaginal niche, resistant to fluconazol and voriconazol. It was attempted to verify if this phenotype of resistance would be underlying the existence of gain of functions mutations in the transcriptional regulator CgPDR1 sequence and 3 mutations were identified, namely, V91I, L98S e D243N.
Instituto Superior Técnico da Universidade de Lisboa; Farmácia Ibéria
Louro, Joao Manuel Trigueiro. "Susceptibility of influenza a viruses to antiviral drugs : Targeting the NS1 dealer as a new anti-influenza virus strategy." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/26845.
The global circulation of adamantane-resistant virus variants has led to the use of neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) as the anti-influenza agents of choice. However, the virus may develop resistance to NAIs drugs and the widespread use of antivirals raises a growing concern about the potential emergence of resistance. In addition to NAIs and combination therapies, new agents targeting other viral elements must be investigated since antivirals are the only treatment method for influenza. In this context, this review aims to identify promising targets for influenza and elucidate virus-host interactions during the course of infection, in order to further the study of the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza virus as a putative emerging antiviral target. The high sequence conservation in some RNA-binding domain and effector domain (ED) sections overlaps with potential binding sites rendering the nonstructural protein an excellent drug-target for small-molecule antiviral drug discovery. Targeting the binding pocket critical for CPSF30 (cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 30) binding and ED dimerization, the NS1-p85ß interaction or potential binding sites near the RNA binding region emerge as valuable promising strategies for antiviral design. Here, it is worth highlighting the NS1-p85ß interaction, that plays an important role in critical steps and essential functions required for proper replication of influenza A virus. This review may contribute as a starting point for the development of new research projects under the specific exploration for new antiviral targets, where NS1 protein plays a central role.
Reimann, Kim DoHyang. "Late developers in global civil society domestic barriers, international socialization and the emergence of international NGOs in Japan /." 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/51853070.html.
Greissler, Elisabeth. "Contraintes et conditions d’émergence de l’engagement des jeunes en situation de marginalité." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10524.
This doctoral research attempts to outline the understanding and interpretation of the conditions leading to the emergence of engagement of young people on the fringe of society. Studies have shown that being on the fringe is a serious obstacle to engagement, due to a lack of personal, organizational and cultural resources. The general tendency is to emphasize the fact that young people do not want to be activists, when in fact, significant collective actions (student or community movements) or initiatives led by individual citizens (blogging or signing petitions) contradict these assertions. In fact, in some cases, taking a standpoint, particularly within the private sphere, elude all analyses and are mistaken for non-involvement, individualism or even apathy. Based on a qualitative, exploratory and interpretative approach, the methodological process of this research favors participative observation and focus groups in order to collect the point of view of young people on the subject of their engagement or non-engagement, as well as observing a certain number of collective actions. Through the intervention of community organizations for young people (OCJ) in Montreal, we were able to meet with about hundred young people between September 2010 and December 2011. The iterative data analysis is based on the principles of Grounded Theory. The first level of descriptive analysis allowed us to highlight the constraints and conditions of the emergence of involvement, as well as performances of youths on the fringe of society. Various forms of engagement have been explored, then put in perspective of the following spaces: “original”, “intermediary” and “negative”. The “original” space corresponds, in this research, to traditional means of action (voting, political activism). Our results show that the positioning of young people within this frame is much divided. In fact, not only do these modes of action rarely emerge, but when they do, they are mostly supported by social worker. In another space, young people sometimes develop particular, more radical positions or, on the contrary, positions of withdrawing and non-involvement. This reflects what could be called a negative space. In that case, constraints inherent to their marginal situation push some young people to distance themselves from engagement and to position themselves at the margin of the spaces of involvement. Opposition to all traditional forms of engagement leads some young people to consider more radical forms of action that may also be included in that negative space. Finally, one finds totally different dynamics as to how some young people position themselves within what we have called the intermediary space. The scope and preferred means of action are as eclectic as the street itself, the personal social circle or the underground creative production. More complex and sometimes ambivalent, the positioning of the young people we have met towards engagement demonstrates a search for an alternative: the elaboration of particular means of action. The dynamic analysis of the constraints and conditions of emergence of engagement of young people shows that their positioning youths go beyond the simple dialectics of involvement vs. noninvolvement. Thus, what could be called “alter-engagement” emerges through the positioning of these young people, particularly within the intermediary space. This concept is developed to outline forms of engagement that are more intimate, more linked to the community or to artistic forms of expression. Alter-engagement therefore defines itself as a critical, a-political standpoint, in reaction at the same time towards traditional engagement, positions of withdrawing and more radical positions.
Boyle, Bettina Helth Arnum. "Online Tables & Tablecloths: Facilitating Space for Online Learning & Collaboration." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/18115.
Carrier, Allison Mary. "The emergence of democratic educational and experiential educational philosophies in the practice of outdoor education." 2004. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=95274&T=F.
Paley, Valerie. "Founders and Funders: Institutional Expansion and the Emergence of the American Cultural Capital, 1840-1940." Thesis, 2011. https://doi.org/10.7916/D82F8VCF.
Magrath, Bronwen. "Advocacy as Political Strategy: The Emergence of an “Education for All” Campaign at ActionAid International and the Asia South Pacific Association for Basic and Adult Education." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/43657.
Kadio, Kadidiatou. "Politique publique de protection sociale au Burkina Faso : vers une compréhension des logiques des acteurs de la mise en forme et de la mise en œuvre." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22604.
The development of social protection policies in Africa raises complex issues, including its rationale and choice of content (Merrien, 2013). This thesis is the first of its kind to analyze the development of social protection policies in Burkina Faso other than those in the field of health. Through an analysis of the National Social Protection Policy and pilot program of Social Protection in the Health of the Poor, this thesis answers the following questions: why and how social protection has become a government priority; and what factors have influenced the shaping of these two public policies and the implementation of the solidarity program? Based on analytical frameworks from various disciplinary perspectives (political science, sociology, anthropology), the process of developing public social protection policies is the result of the interaction of a multitude of actors and their diverse interests: international organizations, bilateral cooperation, state structure, associations, and local NGOs. The methodology is essentially qualitative. This thesis collects data thorough semi-structured interviews, literature review, and informal interviews. The results are structured in five scientific articles. The desire for social cohesion to maintain peace and social order motivated the decision to formulate these two policies (Articles 1 and 4). The formulation process did not lead to a reflection on the problem to be solved, to identify the specific needs of the beneficiaries, to evaluate the capacity of the solutions to choose the appropriate ones. The motive of the national actors was to maintain their financial assets and to mobilize additional resources. International actors have been guided by the logic of promoting a social protection instrument in line with their values, their ideas, and their missions, for the implementation of their institutional mandate. This implementation gave rise to the empirical observation of "non-design" or non-formulation (Article 2 and 4), revealed the influence of the ideas and interests of the actors in the choice of solutions, but also showed that it is important for choices to meet the needs of the poor and vulnerable. In addition, knowledge derived from research data was used very little compared to knowledge from gray literature (Article 3). Political gains, that is, the perception of social and political consequences associated with a recommendation based on scientific knowledge, influence the latter's consideration. The iv analysis of the implementation of the solidarity program shows that formulation gaps influence the effectiveness of a policy. Thus, the implementation offers opportune circumstances for adaptations and reformulations to integrate the specificities of the context and the needs of the beneficiaries with an aim of improving efficiency (Article 5). However, these opportunities have not been utilized by program implementers, helping to keep those who are impoverished excluded from health services.
Hardy, Nicholas James. "Reconciling the Discursive and the Material Dimensions of Social Stability and Social Change: A Critical Retheorisation and Non-syncretic Synthesis of Bhaskar, Foucault, and Althusser." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7528.
Thesis (Ph.D, Sociology) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-27 12:38:25.909