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1
Waldon, Tracy Charles. "Urban Producer Theory." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3590578.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urban producer theory introduces a production function which incorporates congestion in production with inputs possessing a quality component that influences productivity. These features yield cost-minimizing behavior in which firms respond to higher space rent by increasing the quality of the inputs used in production. This behavior generates demand-side sorting of high quality inputs into high rent areas. The prediction of sorting based on input quality is tested on attorneys employed in the Cleveland CBSA. Evidence of the sorting into high rent areas of attorneys based upon the national ranking of the law school attended is found. A 1% increase in rent leads to a 1.26% to 2.89% increase in the number of the highest quality attorneys employed in high rent districts. Ability sorting poses a significant risk in biasing the measurement of agglomeration economies based on wages.
2
Salisbury, Karli A. "Examining Market Channels for Local Produce: Consumer Affordability and Producer Profitability." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7408.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examines the price differences of commonly consumed produce between farmers’ markets and grocery stores in Utah. Our first objective is to compare price differences of a basket of produce between farmers’ markets and grocery stores. We compare these price differences in terms of low-income consumer affordability and if an individual can afford a market basket of produce using a combination of Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) dollars and Double Up Food Bucks (DUFB) incentive dollars. Our second objective for this study is to establish the price premiums of individual produce items based on where the produce was sold, time of season, market channel (farmers’ market versus grocery store), as well as production method used (conventional versus organic).
The findings from this research can inform policy makers of the affordability of farmers’ market produce and apply incentive programs more effectively. We can inform consumers of the price differences so they can maximize their food budgets. We can use the research to help producers make market strategies that can then maximize their profits.
3
Alev, Isil. "Operational perspectives on extended producer responsibility for durable and consumable products." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54382.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis consists of three essays that contribute to the understanding of
the economic implications of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) for certain
durable (e.g. electronics) and consumable (e.g. pharmaceuticals) products from an
operational perspective. In the first essay, we investigate the effect of EPR-based
policy on a durable good producer’s secondary market strategy. Our analysis uncovers
possible strategic approach of durable good producers to EPR obligations, which may
result in unintended outcomes. We provide insights into how to set EPR obligations
to avoid these adverse outcomes. In the second essay, we examine the operational
details of market-based EPR implementation on the ground. We analyze whether the
advocated premises of the marked-based approach hold by focusing on the Minnesota
Electronics Recycling Act. Based on evaluation reports and stakeholder interviews,
we find that the Minnesota Act achieves the premises of the market-based approach,
but this occurs at the expense of several unintended outcomes, following unforeseen
market dynamics and associated stakeholder interactions. In the third essay, we
explore how the EPR-based policies can be effectively operationalized for managing
pharmaceutical overage by analyzing the interactions between major stakeholders and
moderating factors for these interactions. We demonstrate that the preferred policy
depends on the healthcare and externality characteristics of the medicine together
with collection-related requirements. Additionally, we investigate the perspectives of
pharmaceutical stakeholders on the policy choice and identify the influential factors
in this context.
4
Houtman, Martijn. "Nonparametric consumer and producer analysis." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1995. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5770.
Повний текст джерела
5
Augusteijn, Michael J. (Michael James) 1974. "Extended producer responsibility and comparative advantage." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9560.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Technology and Policy Program, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-114).
Extended producer responsibility is a business strategy whereby a firm assumes responsibility for the environmental impacts of a product throughout its entire lifecycle. By taking such responsibility, a firm realizes an incentive to design environmentally preferable products that are easier to recycle, reuse, or re-manufacture. Many extended producer responsibility strategies involve product take-back, whereby the producer can harvest residual value of the product at the end of its useful lifetime. This strategy is connected to sustainable development in that producers are taking responsibility for the products they are offering. Society is faced with many global environmental problems that threaten ecological stability and social wellbeing. Extended producer responsibility facilitates awareness of these problems and encourages the design of innovative products with minimal environmental impacts. This awareness is an important step toward the possibility of sustainable development. There are three requirements for successful differentiation of a product. First, consumers must be willing to pay for the new product. Second, credible information must be available regarding the product. Third, barriers must be erected to prevent competitors from imitating the product. A producer who attempts to satisfy these requirements is exhibiting rational economic behavior. Hence, this thesis asks whether firms that invest in sustainable product differentiation through extended producer responsibility are exhibiting rational economic behavior. Four products are examined in extensive detail. These include Xerox's Document Center 265, Interface's environmental flooring products including the Evergreen Lease, Kodak's single use camera, and Deep E. Co.' s environmental footwear. Each case study has shown evidence of rational economic behavior. However, Interface and Deep E. Co. have also displayed strong environmental propensities that seem to prohibit successful differentiation. Furthermore, two other requirements are found that are particularly important for extended producer responsibility. First, the producer must invest in an extensive R&D relationship with its suppliers. Second, to harvest residual value of the product, reverse logistics systems must be in place. The thesis concludes that regulation is not necessary for products such as those studied here. However, voluntary programs resembling EPA's Energy Star program may help in communicating the benefits of extended producer responsibility to other businesses.
by Michael J. Augusteijn.
S.M.
6
Fischer, Manfred M. "The Economic Role of Producer Services." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1990. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4228/1/WSG_DP_0590.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
7
Juleff, Linda E. "Advanced producer services and urban growth." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1989. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19889/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Service industries have traditionally been viewed as secondary to, and at best supportive of, manufacturing industries. This thesis is designed to challenge this view with regard to a particular group of services, advanced producer services. It contends that this group makes both direct and indirect contributions to economic growth at urban region level by operating in two ways: firstly, by providing intermediate inputs into the production of finished products and secondly, in its own right, selling its services to clients outside of the region. This contradicts the expectations of theoretical models of urban growth such as export base theory which cast services in an entirely dependent role. Analysis of the spatial distribution of advanced producer services reveals a significant degree of regional inequality in their provision which given the contribution they make to growth has potentially serious implications for the economic regeneration of many of Britain's depressed areas.
8
Muir, Pete. "The art of the record producer." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999.
Знайти повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The record producer has played an extensive role in the development of music aesthetics since the 1950's yet has remained virtually anonymous, save for a few notable
exceptions. In this time, producers have developed an art form that exists within the design, capture and rendering of sound. This art form is distinct from the music composition and performance and should receive appropriate acknowledgment. This paper identifies the defining factors of art. These elements are explored through theoretical and practical discussions to establish the artistic contributions of the producer.
Through the use of technique - the producer's craft in recording technology, and through the use of form - the producer's design of various layers of recording from
composition to mastering, they control the artistic outcomes of the record, which ultimately impact aesthetically on the listener. Therefore the producer is indeed an artist.
9
Hienerth, Christoph, Christopher Lettl, and Peter Keinz. "Synergies among Producer Firms, Lead Users, and User Communities: The Case of the LEGO Producer-User Ecosystem." Wiley-Blackwell, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12127.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
While many firms today proactively involve users in their new product development efforts using a wide variety of
methods such as the lead user method, firm-hosted user communities, or mass customization toolkits, some pioneering
firms are experimenting with the creation of sustainable producer-user ecosystems designed for the continuous
exploration and exploitation of business opportunities. In this paper, the functioning of such ecosystems is studied with
particular emphasis on the synergies they can yield. Based on an explorative and longitudinal multiple case study
design, the producer-user ecosystem of the firm LEGO is analyzed, and three main actors in the ecosystem are
identified: entrepreneurial lead users who aim to start their own businesses, a vibrant user community, and the LEGO
company as the focal producer firm and facilitator for multiple user-to-user and user-to-producer interactions. Our
study reveals three kinds of synergies: (1) reduced risk for entrepreneurial lead users and the focal producer firm, (2) the extension of the design space of the focal producer firm's products, and (3) the creation of buzz within the user community. Finally, the theoretical and managerial implications of our findings for innovation researchers and
practitioners are discussed. (authors' abstract)
10
Gottberg, Annika. "Producer responsibility for WEEE as a driver of ecodesign: Case studies of business responses to producer responsibility charges." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/745.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to potential environmental, resource and health problems associated with waste, waste
minimisation is a prioritised waste management strategy in many countries. Producer
responsibility policies promote waste minimisation by stipulating separate collection and
recycling of particular waste streams. In addition, a purpose of the policy is to encourage
product development that reduces waste generation and improves recyclability. It is
sometimes assumed that the financial responsibility assigned to producers for collection
and recycling of their end-of-life products will instigate waste minimising product
development in order to reduce costs. However, this view has also been contested.
Following the adoption of the WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC) all EU member states have to
implement producer responsibility for WEEE. Taking a qualitative multiple case study
approach, this study explores company responses to the costs of existing national producer
responsibility policies for WEEE in relation product development. The purpose is to inform
policy-making on the effectiveness of producer responsibility charges in achieving waste
minimising product development.
The study comprises both large companies and SMEs in the lighting equipments sector. It
also includes companies in EU member states without producer responsibility for WEEE in
order to see if there are any differences in waste-minimising product design among
countries and if national policies have an impact beyond national borders. Economic
principles and previous research findings on ecodesign make up the analytical framework
for the study.
Quantitative data on cost-benefits of ecodesign and waste minimisation achievements were
scarce. However, the company responses show that the costs imposed on the producers by
the WEEE policy have had little effect on product development so far. The costs can
generally be transferred to customers via product prices. The price increases were generally
small and without any negative effects on competitiveness. Other drivers such as bans on
certain substances, environmental industry product declarations, commercial advantages
including direct customer demands from for instance public procurers, are more effective.
11
Pinxit-Gregg, Quinty. "The transdisciplinary creative producer: The role and practice of a creative producer in festivals; emerging and ever-evolving." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/207338/1/Quinty_Pinxit-Gregg_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research project defines specific attributes and characteristics that reflect the creative role and professional practice of a Transdisciplinary Creative Producer in the context of festivals. Bridging the gap between contrasting disciplines such as art and business, highlighting an ‘in-between’, a Creative Producer encapsulates a multitude of disciplinary knowledge. By using transdisciplinary practices combined with servant-leadership the role is subject to leading large teams. The outcome of the research is derived through a practice-led methodology and uses three case-studies of three significant festivals in 2018: Brisbane Street Art Festival, Jungle Love Music and Arts Festival, and Ars Electronica Futurelab Academy.
12
Gokce, Bugra. "Spatial Dynamics Of Producer Services In Ankara." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609653/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the last three decades, depending on advances in communication technologies, there is a popular discussion that urban functions can be located independent from space. In other words, each urban function can locate to any zones of a city due to communication technology-based connections, in a so called deterritorialization. These new sprawl-based locations can be seen in the central business districts (CBD) of cities, especially by producer service functions. This thesis will investigate the validity of deterritorialization-based post-modern theoretical studies concerning recent transformation of CBDs based solely on the Western city, with reference to the distribution of such activities in Ankara and its CBD structure. Producer services can be used to test the space relations of urban functions due to their complexity and more flexible connection capacities.
For this purpose, first the concepts and the fields of concepts that are based on CBDs and producer services are examined. Thereafter, these theoretical and analytical frameworks are tested in a comprehensive evaluation of urban and central growth. Ankara has been chosen as the subject of the case study due to the new locational nodes in the city and the significant threat of decline in the CBD of Kizilay, which is still the main core of city. The relations between urban space and the locational preferences of producer services in Ankara are assessed to illustrate the reterritorialization-based movements within the urban space. Finally, the implications and contributions of the study and also suggestions for possible further studies are presented as concluding remarks.
13
Lagace, Vincent. "Financing rural producer organizations: Assessing market innovations." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28895.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rural producer organizations are being increasingly recognized for their efforts in improving the livelihoods of small farmers across the developing world. Caught between microfinance and commercial banks, these organizations however often struggle to access the necessary funds to bring their product to market or finance much-needed infrastructure.
In recent years, a growing recognition of the problem has led to the emergence of a new generation of specialized financial institutions (commonly called alternative lenders). Using innovative supply-chain oriented strategies such as reverse factoring, these lenders aim to catalyze the emergence of local financial markets that meet the needs of rural producer organizations. This thesis evaluates the need for these financial innovations, their impact as well as the business case for lending to rural producer organizations. This assessment is achieved through documentary research, literature review and three case studies of coffee rural producer organizations in the Mexican states of Oaxaca, Veracruz and Chiapas.
This thesis concludes that although a RPO financing gap was indeed identified in Mexico in the early 2000s, this gap was found to be receding in recent years due to the Mexican government's success in encouraging commercial lending to the sector through FIRA, a second-tier development bank, and changes in the financial regulatory framework allowing the rise of two categories of non-bank financial institutions, the SOFOL and SOFOM.
The study also found a business case for profitable lending to rural producer organizations. All three studied organizations, despite their challenges, were found to be dynamic businesses with financing needs undoubtedly beyond what the microfinance market has to offer. This thesis however identifies several risk factors for potential lenders: vulnerability to price fluctuations and local competition, the politicized nature of RPOs, dependence on public and private subsidies as well as low internal capacity in financial management and accounting.
This thesis evaluated the impact of recent financial innovations to be moderately positive at worst and transformational at best on rural producer organizations. The loans provided by alternative lenders allowed the organizations to gain precious credit experience while capitalizing on market opportunities that could have otherwise been out of reach.
Finally, this thesis concluded by suggesting a few strategies that could be used by alternative lenders to maximize their impact, including adjusting their interest rates to market conditions, working with local financial institutions, diversifying their client base, taking more risks, strengthening RPO capacity through capacity-building programs and leveraging RPO internal credit funds to unlock underserved rural microfinance markets.
14
Riley, John Michael. "Producer perception of fed cattle price risk." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/968.
Повний текст джерела
15
Skyborn, Lovisa. "The Growth of the Producer Service Sector." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Economics, Finance and Statistics, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-27501.
Повний текст джерела
16
Quinn, Shannon E. "Extended Producer Responsibility: Examining Global Policy Options." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1306498569.
Повний текст джерела
17
Hines, Jessica. "Linking detritus and primary producer based communities." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Entomology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
18
Ernawati, Ni Made. "Producer–market orientation of community-based tourism (CBT) products: A case study in Bali, Indonesia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1685.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Community-based tourism (CBT) provides an attractive alternative to mass tourism. In Bali, Indonesia, it is a potentially significant contributor to tourism development. The aim of this research was to obtain a greater understanding of CBT through an examination of relevant issues, and the perceptions of the host communities and tourists regarding CBT products. This study used a mixed methods approach to collect data from the host communities and tourists who visited the villages in Bali.
Five main elements of CBT products came to light during a review of the literature in the preliminary phase of the research. Subsequently, aspects of authenticity and change for development as important features of sustainable CBT products were identified and added to the study during the qualitative phase of the research. At the conclusion of Research Phase 1, the qualitative stage, four additional elements had been identified, making a total of 10. These 10 CBT product elements were then further subdivided and formed the variables for the data collection instrument used in Research Phase 2, the quantitative study.
The Research Phase 1 qualitative results indicate that the CBT tourists clearly identified their expectations of CBT products and were supportive of a sustainable industry to preserve the villagers‟ way of life and the rural environment. However, they were also concerned about safety and hygiene. The Research Phase 2 quantitative results consistently show similar findings. Furthermore, a significant number of tourists expressed a willingness to use and consume products and services provided by the community.
As part of the research, two types of CBT tourists were identified – „overnighters‟ and “daytrippers‟. Both groups sought the same type of attractions, albeit in different degrees of intensity, yet they required different types and standards of services and facilities. The overnighter group intermingled, they wanted to experience the local culture and lifestyle, and were more accepting of the local amenities. By contrast, the daytrippers experienced a snap-shot of village life while on excursions away from their resort hotel accommodation.
The Research Phase 1 qualitative results show that the host communities were aware ofthe intrinsic value of the tourist attractions in their villages, but lacked the confidence to share them with visitors. The community respondents in this phase of the study also demonstrated limited awareness of tourists‟ needs. The Research Phase 2 quantitative results indicate an adequate understanding of CBT features, but enhancements were needed in some areas, such as product packaging, information and narration, and service provision.
Tri hita karana (THK) is a Balinese life value that has been adopted as an underpinning principle of a sustainable approach to tourism development in Bali. According to the principles of THK, a harmonious balance within and between the three relationships of a human to Universe-spirit, a human to humans, and a human to nature is necessary for human contentment. For the CBT product match, all three THK relationships were „represented harmoniously‟, rather than „represented equally‟. It is also shown that the components of both the Balinese THK and the global sustainability values are represented in the CBT products.
The overall survey results indicate that the host communities and tourists had considerable agreement about CBT product items, with an average rating of most variables for both groups of around 2 (moderate agreement). This high level of concurrence may be due to a majority of respondents, who are sustainable tourists, and the host communities‟ innate connection with THK principles, thereby slanting the results towards sustainability in both groups. The results of this research provide a greater understanding of the nexus of host communities‟ and tourists‟ perceptions, which can be used as guidelines for future CBT product developments.
19
Calazans, Dinara Leslye Macedo e. Silva. "Fatores que afetam a competitividade do queijo artesanal: um estudo explorat?rio no Serid?/RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14887.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2008-09-01This article presents a study on the research of the factors that affect the competitiveness of cheese produced in a craft in the Serid? of Rio Grande do Norte in the perception of rural producers. His theory is based on factors of competitiveness and definitions of craft production. This research was performed in the important area of production and marketing of cheeses from the state. The methodology used was exploratory research descriptive type survey. The research field of 213 returned questionnaires validated. those interviewed were rural producers of artisanal cheese, with properties distributed in the districts located in the region. The results showed the production of artisanal cheese in Serid? / RN's main points of difficulty to compete: the great marketing in the informality, workforce has low skills and education, has little technical assistance, low acceptance by technological innovations and absence of integration between producers which creates low productivity and qualification of the production chain
Este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a investiga??o dos fatores que na percep??o dos produtores rurais afetam a competitividade do queijo produzido de forma artesanal no Serid? do Rio Grande do Norte. Para tanto, traz seu arcabou?o te?rico estruturado nos fatores que influenciam nas diversas formas de competir e nas defini??es de produ??o artesanal. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida em importante regi?o de produ??o e comercializa??o de queijos artesanais do Estado. A abordagem metodol?gica utilizada foi de pesquisa explorat?ria descritiva com a condu??o de um levantamento do tipo survey. A pesquisa de campo obteve 213 question?rios v?lidos, cujos entrevistados foram produtores rurais de queijo artesanal, que possuem suas propriedades distribu?das nos munic?pios localizados na regi?o. Os resultados mostraram que na percep??o dos agricultores, em rela??o ao n?vel de competitividade do queijo produzido de forma artesanal, o setor agroindustrial de produ??o artesanal de queijo no Serid?/RN tem pontos de gargalo em alguns aspectos a considerar, sendo os principais: a grande comercializa??o na informalidade, m?o-de-obra tem baixa qualifica??o e escolaridade, tem pouca assist?ncia t?cnica, baixa aceita??o por inova??es tecnol?gicas e aus?ncia de integra??o entre os produtores o que gera baixa produtividade e qualifica??o da cadeia produtiva
20
Salahuddin, Sharmin. "Extended producer responsibility in Asia drivers and barriers /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B34614758.
Повний текст джерела
21
Forslind, K. H. "Return to sender : essays on extended producer responsibility /." Linköping : Ekonomiska institutionen, Linköpings universitet [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8218.
Повний текст джерела
22
Forslind, Helén. "Return to Sender : Essays on Extended producer Responsibility." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8218.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this thesis to increase the understanding of how Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) affects the economy. EPR is a principle stating that producers should be responsible for the environmental impact of their products throughout the life cycle. In four out of five essays, scrapping of end-of-life vehicles in Sweden is used as an example. In Essay I the interdependency of the consumers’ and the producers’ responsibilities are stressed. It is concluded that the financial solution should be separated from the producer in order to ensure that future liabilities can be met. The main contribution of Essay II is that an increased premium will result in an increased number of returned vehicles. In Essay III it is shown that when the environmental harm is constant and relatively low, a deposit-refund system is preferred to an unfounded system. In cases where high environmental harm occurs the optimal choice would be a system combining both deposits and fines. Essay IV concludes that a funded system would have been a better way to finance the premium than an unfunded system in terms of higher rate of return. In Essay V the analysis is no longer limited to ELVs, and a model with endogenous growth is applied to the case where all the products in the economy are covered by EPR. It is found that both the growth and the level of output is favoured by the choice of a funded scheme.Syftet med avhandlingen är att studera hur ekonomin påverkas av utökat producentansvar. Utökat producentansvar är ett sätt att internalisera miljökostnader i marknadspriset. Producentansvaret för bilar, så som det implementerats i den svenska lagstiftningen, har lagts till den tidigare lagstiftningen utan några större anpassningar. Effekterna av detta har inte tidigare utretts. Först analyseras dess konsekvenser i en översiktlig artikel. Därefter följer en ekonometrisk artikel vars syfte är att testa effekten av den nuvarande bilskrotningspremien. Det visade sig att en höjd premie ökar antalet återlämnade fordon. Sedan används en rättsekonomisk ansats för att förutsättningslöst, dvs. utan att ta den befintliga lagstiftning som utgångspunkt, analysera nedskräpningsproblematiken. Möjligheten att använda ett pantsystem jämförs med att använda böter för att styra individernas beteende. Det visade sig att om miljöpåverkan är relativt liten så är ett pantsystem att föredra, men om även fall med stor miljöpåverkan inkluderas skulle det optimala vara att använda både böter och pant. Därefter jämförs två alternativa sätt att finansiera premien, ett fonderat system jämförs med ett ”Pay-As–You-Go” system. Resultatet indikerar att ett fonderat system hade varit att föredra under den studerade perioden. Slutligen studeras effekterna av producenternas framtida åtaganden till följd av det utökade producentansvaret med hjälp av modell med endogen tillväxt. Det visade sig att både tillväxttakten och nivån på produktionen skulle ha gynnats av ett fonderat system.
23
Mason, Adrienne. "Translating landscape history : the translator as knowledge-producer." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/f3d12ed9-d82d-49d3-839d-4adc2ac79823.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Authorship is a key indicator of individual scholarly distinction. Academic translators, however, are not academic authors and their status as co-producers of new knowledge is denied by the prevalent institutional assumption that they do no more than reproduce existing scholarship. My aim in this thesis is to challenge that preconception by showing how translators work interactively with others to produce texts which contribute independently to scholarship as hybrid discourses of knowledge, and by demonstrating that translation practice expands our knowledge of translation itself. As the basis for these claims, I use my translation of a French monograph on landscape history by Michel Baridon (1926-2009), published in 2006 by Actes Sud. Within a framework combining Bourdieusian approaches and Latour’s actor-network-theory, I analyse my participation in the ‘making’ of that translation within a global production network. All academic texts are produced and validated collaboratively in the academic communities to which they contribute. I argue that new technologies create a bilingual ‘laboratory’ in which authorial, translatorial and editorial roles and responsibilities can be holistically combined to increase the transformative potential of translation projects and expand the social limits of the translator-function. My construction of scholarly comparability between source and target texts during the translation process illustrates the translator’s role as a co-producer of new knowledge and evidences the interpretative power of translated texts in the production of new historical narratives. My contribution to Translation Studies is twofold: I show how interactive networks of translation production can optimise the epistemological and discursive hybridity of translated academic texts, and I demonstrate that translation practice can make a distinctive, independent contribution to scholarship. On that basis, I argue that practitioner-researchers should be mainstreamed within research communities as co-producers of knowledge and translations acknowledged as a research output.
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Murray, Andrea Clare. "Smallholder tea producer experiences of Voluntary Private Standards." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/smallholder-tea-producer-experiences-of-voluntary-private-standards(5b4f451a-5403-4b84-ac3c-6278242c9dbd).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
I analyse smallholder tea producer experiences of dual-certification to Fairtrade and Organic Voluntary Private Standards (VPSs). Dual-certification represented a gold-standard in pro-development certifications, implying alignment between the standards and producer priorities. Yet certification required smallholders to implement two different and challenging standards simultaneously, and the smallholder category was heterogeneous. Gaps in knowledge persisted regarding smallholder implementation of dual-certification in South Indian tea. The main contribution of this research was empirical, investigating 1) reasons for the extension of dual-certification, 2) implications for export-market access and 3) conflicts of practice with norms among tea farmers. I adopted an agricultural marketing network scope to tether Global Value Chain analytical tools into producer contexts. This maintained the connection of producers with global tea buyers and global standards, contributing to understanding the exercises of power by institutions. This research examined the context of South Indian tea, identifying tea production and marketing networks of industry actors, local institutions, industry conventions and Fairtrade-Organic governance. The use of secondary data was complimented by qualitative techniques. I used a case study approach, recruiting one Fairtrade-Organic, dual-certified producer group and one non-certified producer group of smallholders. I sampled key power nodes in networks to generate interview data with key agents including farmers, producer group managers, tea buyers, standard setters and background institution informants. I held 40 interviews with 60 participants during 7 months in South India and the UK.Global Value Chain analysis represented the founding framework that considered standards as governing production and trade in certified commodities. GVC approaches analysed the distribution of benefits and market access between actors in GVCs. Powerful lead firms controlled chain coordination, shaped competition, market access and costs of compliance. The sociological redefinition of power led to standards theorised as legitimated conceptions of the good, the fair and the environmental, with attention turning to producer accounts of governance and standards. The thesis contributes to a growing literature highlighting agency, governmentality, and powers of institutions, in GVCs. Global standards were expressions of fragmented power in governmentality. I analysed accounts of the extension of dual-certification, attendant changes to market access and performances of implementation, seeing through farmers‘ eyes. I derived from data 3 empirical contributions. Firstly, producer institutions and gatekeepers exercised power by affecting smallholder certifications. Yet smallholders were purposeful agents who drove their certification statuses. Secondly, certification did not define market access; quality remained paramount. Fairtrade-Organic standards carried definitions of quality that were intangible, taking the ascertainment of leaf quality from the hands of farmers. Finally, smallholder agent behaviours were analysed as negotiations of Fairtrade-Organic and tea industry valuations of good tea practices. Standards were not pre-defined, bringing compliance costs; rather, Fairtrade-Organic existed in, was constituted by, smallholder performances. Attempts to enhance the legitimacy of FLO governance by aligning standards with producer priorities involved producer regional forums. Alignment was skewed by FLO‘s failure to distinguish smallholder from plantation priorities. This parallels a pro-market pragmatism about the future of Fairtrade.
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Valman, Matilda. "Three faces of HELCOM - institution, organization, policy producer." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-108455.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite early initiatives during the 1960s and 1970s, and continuing efforts ever since, the Baltic Sea remains in poor condition. The Helsinki Commission (HELCOM) is the governing body tasked with protecting the marine environment from further deterioration through intergovernmental collaboration between the Baltic Sea states and the EU. In 2007, HELCOM launched a new tool – the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP), of which the so-called ecosystem approach is a cornerstone. However, how and why the BSAP reform was launched, and also what consequences such management reforms can have for transboundary resource management, is unknown. By using institutional theory, organizational theory and the advocacy coalition framework, in combination with content analysis of official documents derived from HELCOM, this thesis argues that the BSAP is the end result of a gradual process of change within institutional structures and actor beliefs. This thesis also shows that HELCOM's capacity to detect, process, and react in response to changes in its regulatory objective has not changed as a consequence of the BSAP. In contrast to earlier research, it seems HELCOM responds better to slow and opaque changes than to quick and visible ones. Finally, by comparing HELCOM with two other similar cases, the thesis shows that HELCOM's adaptive capacity could be improved in line with the recommendations of the ecosystem approach. This thesis illustrates the importance of studying the emergence of new tools for governing transboundary resources from several theoretical perspectives. The thesis uses an innovative quantitative content analysis and concludes that new methods might be required to enable such studies. The different perspectives used here give various explanations concerning the causes and consequences of the BSAP. In a future Baltic Sea, where environmental changes are likely to be abrupt, a multitude of understandings regarding the governance of the Baltic Sea will be crucial.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 3: Submitted. Paper 4: In press.
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Irwin, Emily. "Labor on Vermont Dairy Farms: A Producer Perspective." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/968.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To compete with larger, more efficient dairy farms, build resilience against increasingly volatile milk prices, and increase farm income, farms in traditional dairy states such as New York, Wisconsin, and Vermont, have been forced to expand their herds and increase production. Many dairy farmers do not have formal training in human resources management, and find the transition to a larger, non-family workforce to be challenging. In addition, farmers who have transitioned to a primarily Latinx workforce also face considerable cultural and language barriers. The quality of human resource management can have a significant impact on a farm business, and evidence suggests that intentional human resource management can result in healthier cows, higher profits, and lower employee turnover (Billikopf & Gonzalez, 2012; Erskine, Martinez, & Contreras, 2015; Stup, 2006).
This thesis explores two essential components of human resource management on dairy farms: the employer-employee relationship, and the components of a competitive wage and non-wage benefit package. Both articles rely upon thirty surveys conducted in Addison County, Vermont, from December 2017 to January 2018. In the first article, using the qualitative data collected in the survey, I apply the concept of precarious employment to the employer-employee relationship on dairy farms in Addison County. Although I discover some evidence of precarity, I also find examples of worker control over working conditions, specifically regarding worker recruitment, termination, wage rates, and hours.
In the second article, I use the quantitative data we collected regarding wages, and the estimates provided by farmers for the value of the non-wage benefits offered to employees, to outline the structure of a typical compensation package for Addison County dairy employees. I find that that more than half of employers provide Latinx employees with housing, utilities, internet, satellite TV, a bonus, transportation, farm products, and vacation time. In terms of non-wage benefits offered to U.S. workers, more than half of employers provide housing, utilities, a bonus, farm products, sick time, and vacation time. I also find that including the producer-estimated value of the typical non-wage benefits offered to employees, the median total hourly compensation for Latinx workers is $12.62. American dairy workers in Addison County earn a median total hourly compensation with a range of $21.32 to $24.02.
I end with a discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of our research. I also include a few recommendations for future research.
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Khodaparast, Youssef. "Producer cooperatives and industrial democracy: a comparative study of the performance of cooperative and conventional plywood plants." PDXScholar, 1986. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/520.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Widely differing theoretical expectations exist concerning the economic performance of labor-managed firms or producer cooperatives (PCs). While a good number of theoretical studies of these firms by economists have been undertaken, there remain considerable gaps in the empirical record. This is especially true in the case of American PCs. In general, theoretical controversies have not been tempered by enough empirical analysis. While some expect good performance from PCs, others are much less sanguine. This study compares the economic performance of a group of eight worker-owned producer co-op plants with that of eight conventional mills in the Pacific Northwest softwood plywood industry. The purpose is to test the validity of several propositions that are typically maintained in the analysis of PCs suggesting that this type of organization basically lacks the incentive to utilize labor inputs efficiently, and is therefore less productive when compared to conventionally organized producing units. Using secondary data, pooled time-series cross-section equations are estimated. Results indicate that growth in annual output per employee per year is 18 percent greater in the co-ops than in their conventional counterparts. The study provides strong evidence that the two groups of plants differ significantly in their behavior. The major conclusion that emerges is that worker-owned co-ops are a viable and productive form of economic organization that utilize labor inputs efficiently and in doing so can achieve higher worker productivity than their conventional counterparts. In a public policy context, government support of employee ownership and establishment of worker-owned co-ops is viewed as a viable policy option to plant closings.
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Dahlman, Linn. "Cepicafé: Empowering Small-scale Coffee Producers in Piura, Peru? : Participation and power in a Fairtrade/organic producer organisation." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Geography, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-2272.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis looks at Cepicafé, a Fairtrade/organic coffee producer organisation in Piura, Peru. It discusses the contributions made to empowerment of the members, and identifies some of the obstacles to participation and empowerment, both within the organisation and outside.
Small-scale coffee producers often find themselves in a vulnerable and disempowered position in relation to the world market. The Fairtrade and organic market initiatives focus on improving trade relations and demanding social, economic and environmental standards in production. They only work with organised producers, hence my subject for the analysis is a producer organisation. Cepicafé's aim is sustainable development, improving quality of life and eradication poverty among small-scale producers in Piura. This will involve a process of empowerment, as poverty is also considered to be powerlessness and voicelessness.
The theoretical, conceptual and analytical foundation for this thesis is concerned with empowerment through participation and collective action. Empowerment is seen to be a process which involves enabling social, political and psychological power. Power is considered to be a fluid concept and actors are seen to hold varying degrees of these powers, relative to the time, place and relations they find themselves in. The ultimate goal is collective empowerment. This involves participation aimed at achieving radical change in the producers' circumstances. Hence, there is a need to include political claims and confront forces outside of the organisation. Cepicafé's role in a multi-levelled, global/local network presents a great potential for this.
The empirical data aims at showing the research participants' multiple realities. Knowledge is produced through interviews, observation and informal conversations with coffee producers and staff in Cepicafé during a two months long field work in Piura, Peru in 2007.
The analysis looks at firstly the services provided by Cepicafé as a way of strengthening social power. Commercialisation, credit support, and technical assistance and knowledge transfers are the main functional areas through with support is given. However, as the producers in the organisation are a heterogeneous group with reference to agency and socio-economic status, both perceived and actual benefits vary. Second, information flows and knowledge transfers related to decision-making as well as the fluidity of power relations amongst actors is put under scrutiny in order to understand the producers' access to participation and political power, which is an important step towards empowerment. The mentioned heterogeneity, a lack of understanding of issues related to Fairtrade and the market, as well as existing power relations between the actors at the local level are seen to affect the ability to participate in decisionmaking. The organisation seems also to mainly focus on service provision, and does not really engage in political advocacy. There is a need to consolidate the efforts among the different levels in the multi-levelled network that Cepicafé is a part of, in order to also include the producers in this struggle.
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Nordell, Nina, and Mikaela Claesson. "Producer in the Experience Economy : How to deliver experiences." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-412.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Experiences have become a new trend within the world economy today and a new way to add value to companies. A new economy is emerging named the Experience Economy. The customers’ demands of experiences are increasing and companies need to satisfy these demands and adapt them-selves to this emerging economy. The Experience Economy is today the fastest growing industry in Sweden and has grown steadily during the last decade. The Experience Economy is something that needs to be adapted within all industries in the society and is seen as the key factor towards economic success.
Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to study how Swedish compa-nies have implemented experiences in the society and give future recommendations for their industries.
Frame of reference: In this section theories and definitions regarding the Experience Economy from a producer perspective are presented. The theoretical frame does also contain the evolvement, culture, design and added value of experiences in today’s society.
Method: In order to answer the purpose of the thesis a qualitative method has been utilized. The data collection contains of 14 companies within 13 sections of industries providing experiences in the Swedish market.
Conclusion: The results presents the spreading of experiences in the Swedish society, the industries that are better suited for the Experience Economy and further more the future aspects of the development of this economy.
Upplevelser har utvecklats till att bli en ny trend inom världsekonomin idag. Denna trend är sedd som ett nytt sätt att generera mervärde till företag. En ny ekonomi har uppkommit vid namn Upplevelseekonomi. Konsumenterna idag efterfrågar mer upplevelser vilket företagen måste tillfredsställa. Upplevelseekonomin är idag den snabbaste växande industri i Sverige och har ökat under det senaste årtiondet. Upplevelseekonomin är något som är nödvändigt att implementeras inom alla samhällets industrier och ses idag som nyckeln till ekonomisk framgång.
Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera hur svenska företag har implementerat upplevelser i det svenska samhället och vidare ge framtida rekommendationer för de olika industri-erna.
Referensram: I denna del presenteras teorier och definitioner rörande Upplevelseekonomin från ett producent perspektiv. Refe-rensramen innehåller även utvecklingen, kulturen, designen och mervärdet av upplevelser i dagens samhälle.
Metod: För att genomföra syftet av denna uppsats på bästa sätt har en kvalitativ ansats valts. Insamlad data består av 14 företag inom 13 industrier som tillhör Upplevelseindustrin i Sverige.
Slutsats: Resultatet visar spridningen av upplevelser inom det svenska samhället, industrier som visat sig vara bättre lämpad för Upplevelseekonomin, samt framtida aspekter.
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Wegg-Prosser, Victoria. "BBC producer choice and the management of organisational change." Thesis, Brunel University, 1998. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4380.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Producer Choice was the title given to the trading system, designed around an internal market, which was introduced at the BBC in the years between 1991 and 1994. The initiative represented the biggest organisational change in the BBC's history. The political background to Producer Choice was conditioned by the perceived need of the BBC to ensure renewal of its ten-year Charter in 1996. Producer Choice helped to secure Charter Renewal because it provided the means whereby new accountability and cost measurements were set in place. The 'command economy' of the old BBC was to be replaced with an internal market, and the organisation given an enhanced managerial focus. Using a combination of participant observation, semi-structured interviews, an analysis of all relevant documentation, and the application of theory concerning processual models of change, the nature of bureaucracy, changes in public sector management and the shift from hierarchy to marketisation, the thesis answers three questions: What is Producer Choice? How has it been implemented? What have been its outcomes? The thesis concludes by drawing out some analytical generalisations about the management of change regarding the 'process of sanctification', the effects of divisionalisation on organisational cohesion, and the characteristics of internal markets.
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Bohn, Louise Eleanor. "Seasonal climate forecasts in Swaziland : the producer-user interface." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405705.
Повний текст джерела
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Heiman, Travis. "Analysis of a cooperative dairy producer risk management program." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16173.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Kevin Dhuyvetter
Dairy Farmers of America (DFA) is national milk marketing cooperative. DFA’s primary focus is to market the milk of the cooperative’s 17,000 members. In addition, DFA offers its membership a number of farm services. The sole purpose of these services is to make it easier for DFA members to operate their businesses. One of the services offered provides members access to forward contracting alternatives for pricing their milk. The objective of this research is to utilize demographic and other information related to the characteristics of individual dairy producers and determine how these characteristics impact the use (or lack thereof) of risk management marketing tools. More specifically, the focus of this research is to identify what types of dairy producers are most likely to use the DFA’s forward contracting program. The logit model estimated indicated that regional and demographic differences impact the use of DFA’s forward contracting program. Members in the Mountain Area are most likely to use the program followed by members in the Central Area. Demographic differences that significantly impacted the use of forward contracting include age (older producers use forward contracts less than younger operators) and the size of operation, as measured by milk produced per year (larger operators were more likely to use forward contracting services). While the estimated logit model did identify several factors related to the use of forward contracting services, relationships are not particularly strong and the percent of producers using the services is relatively low. Thus, the model is limited in its ability for identifying key factors and thus it will be difficult for DFA to base a targeted marketing effort at certain producers. DFA would need additional information about their members to successfully target for this farm service.
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Muth, Karl. "Three frameworks for commodity-producer decision-making under uncertainty." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3249/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This monograph examines the – at times, seemingly irrational – decision-making behaviour of entrepreneurs in the East African agricultural market. It seeks to reconcile empirical observations made between 2011 and 2014 in the towns of Oyam and Kapchorwa, two communities with centuries of entirely separate agricultural history, with a larger decision-making framework. Drawing on decision sciences, development economics, and other literatures, various theoretical frameworks are explored to explain the domain-specific decision-making observed in Uganda. First, two largely rational, cost-focused decision-making scenarios are described, with the context and domain-specific boundaries of each described. Next, a third, economically sub-optimal decision-making scenario is described, with the factors distinguishing it from the first two explained. In other words, the agricultural entrepreneurs behave as econs1 (exhibiting the anticipated behaviour) in the first two instances, but exhibit System 1 thinking2 (demonstrating unexpected behaviour) in the final instance. A comprehensive discussion reconciles the seemingly-conflicting empirical observations by segregating them by context and arguing the two decision-making systems employed, while contradictory, can and do co-exist as domain-specific approaches.
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Peng, Zhifang. "International vertical collaboration between a producer and a seller /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594481721&sid=11&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Mills, Bryan Keith. "Economic linkages within the rural economy : the case of producer services." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2868.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research seeks to contribute towards the understanding of economic linkage within the rural context by exploring the relationship between rurally located small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and their purchase of producer (business) services. In addition, the work considers other inter-rural and intra-rural differences, in both firm (SME) behaviour and firm characteristics. Whilst the subject of linkages has been explored by other researchers, the market town and SME focus of this thesis provides a more spatially contained framework than is often encountered within this type of research. By using four towns of similar size and structure contained within two noticeably different counties, the work is able to explore difference within the rural setting. Given its emphasis on market towns, rural areas, SMEs, the service sector and indigenous growth potential, the work contributes to current debates in both academia and in national and European government policy. The underlying hypothesis is that integration, in terms of local spending on producer services, is a function of a firm's characteristics. In order to test this hypothesis, data was collected from four rural towns, and a logistic regression model was constructed using variables that described both firms' characteristics and proportion of spend on services in their resident town. The model was then tested using data collected firom a further two towns. This thesis shows that there is a relationship between a firm's characteristics and the location of the firm's producer service spending, enhancing our understanding of firms operating within the rural context. Key characteristic variables that are shown to have a relationship with producer service spend location are: firm Standard Industrial Classification (SIC), size (in terms of total sales, total number of hours worked by all staff), total spend on producer services by firm and distance that the current location is from the firm's previous location. Given the changing role and nature of rural firms, this research provides timely information concerning the relationship between firms and service providers.
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Silva, Bruno Ferreira Campos da. "Modelo de Black-Scholes como alternativa de investimento para os produtores rurais dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri." UFVJM, 2017. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1699.
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Nesta disserta??o ? apresentada a teoria que envolve o modelo de Black ? Scholes como uma alternativa de investimento para produtores rurais dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Ao fazer um estudo sobre os produtores rurais dos vales, percebe-se que a produ??o no campo ? voltada para a subsist?ncia, vendendo somente o excedente. Foi constatado que a falta de investimento no campo reduz em partes o n?vel de produ??o do produtor rural. A alternativa de investimento atrav?s do modelo de Black ? Scholes na precifica??o de op??es se faz necess?rio n?o somente para se ter um maior investimento no meio rural, mas sim, ser tamb?m uma outra forma de se obter renda com t?cnicas aplicadas na Bolsa de Valores, ajudando o homem do campo em ter uma estabilidade financeira baseada n?o somente em sua produ??o. ? realizado um estudo criterioso da equa??o diferencial parcial estoc?stica advinda deste modelo, no tocante ? determina??o de poss?veis simula??es de problemas enfrentados diante das volatilidades dos mercados na precifica??o de op??es. Para que o produtor rural utilize o modelo de Black ? Scholes ? interessante se observar como se comporta os seus par?metros. Ent?o foi realizado uma an?lise do comportamento do valor da precifica??o de op??es em rela??o aos par?metros do modelo de Black ? Scholes baseados em dados reais retirados da BM&FBOVESPA. ? apresentada uma breve compara??o do modelo de Black ? Scholes com o modelo Binomial, compara??o feita com um exemplo de obten??o do valor da op??o de compra e venda via Binomial e Black ? Scholes, e neste exemplo ? observado um melhor retorno para o modelo Binomial. ? observado ao longo da pesquisa que existem dois par?metros que mais oscilam nos mercados, que s?o a volatilidade e a taxa de juros. Para se fazer bons investimentos, o produtor rural deve ficar atento e ter ci?ncia do comportamento da oscila??o desses par?metros. Para se ter uma melhor representa??o da varia??o desses par?metros, ? feito uma compara??o entre o valor das op??es de compra e venda calculados pelo modelo de Black ? Scholes e Binomial. Para a taxa de juros o modelo Binomial apresentou valores fora do esperado em rela??o ao modelo de Black ? Scholes. Devido a car?ncia de informa??es a respeito de como se investir na Bolsa de Valores, ? criado uma cartilha que se encontra nos anexos desta disserta??o voltada para o produtor rural, sobre como fazer um investimento na Bolsa de Valores e quais procedimentos iniciais deve-se tomar para obter ?xito nos mercados. Desses estudos, conclui-se que ? poss?vel o produtor rural investir pequenas quantias de dinheiro e obter retornos significativos em rela??o ao investimento inicial. Podendo assim, aplicar parte desse dinheiro em seu trabalho no campo e tamb?m ter uma forma de renda quando os retornos das produ??es no meio rural n?o forem favor?veis.
Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Tecnologia, Sa?de e Sociedade, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017.
In this dissertation there is presented the theory that involves the Black model ? Scholes as an alternative of investment for rural producer Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys. When doing a study on the rural producers of the valleys, it is seen that the production in the field is turned for the subsistence, selling only the excess. It was noted that the lack of investment in the field reduces in parts the level of production of the rural producer. The investment alternative through Black model ? Scholes in the options pricing is made necessary not only in order that a bigger investment has been in the rural environment, but yes, to be also another form of income being obtained with techniques applied in the valuable Stock Exchange, helping the man of the field in having a financial stability based not only on his production. It is accomplished out a discerning study of the partial differential equation stochastic resulted from this model, regarding the determination of possible simulations of problems faced before the volatilities of the markets in the options pricing. For the rural producer to use the Black model ? Scholes is interesting it will notice how if it holds his parameters. Then there was accomplished out an analysis of the behavior of the value of the pricing of options regarding the parameters of the Black model ? Scholes based on retired real data of the BM&FBOVESPA. There is presented a short comparison of the Black model ? Scholes with the Binominal model, comparison done with an example of getting the value of the option of purchase and sale was seeing Binomial and Black ? Scholes, and in this example a better return is observed for the Binomial model. It is observed throughout the research that there are two parameters that more oscillate in the markets, which are the volatility and the interest rate. In order that good investments become, the rural producer must be attentive and have science of the behavior of the oscillation of these parameters. In order that there has been a better representation of the variation of these parameters, it is done a comparison between the value of the options of purchase and sale calculated by the Black model ? Scholes and Binomial. For the interest rate the Binomial model presented values out of the waited one regarding the Black model ? Scholes. Due to lack of information about how to invest in the Stock Exchange, it is created a primer that is in the annexes of this dissertation turned to the rural producer how to make an investment in the Stock Exchange and it is necessary to take which initial proceedings to obtain succeed in the markets. Of these studies, it is ended that the possible the rural producer to invest small amounts of money and to obtain significant returns regarding the initial investment. Being able so, to apply part of this money in his work in the field and also to have the form of income when the returns of the productions in the rural environment are not favorable.
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Erasmus, Zimitri. "Organisational democracy and economic viability in producer cooperatives in the Western Cape Region of South African and in Zimbabwe : case studies and comparative analysis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17231.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bibliography: pages 608-625.This study is a sociological analysis of participatory-democratic organisations in 'third world' contexts. Firstly, it assesses the degree of participatory democracy in each enterprise studied. Secondly, it explores whether cooperative development is a process. Thirdly, it assesses the applicability of existing theory in the field for organisations in 'third world' contexts. The data used is predominantly qualitative, though quantitative information is utilised. Qualitative data is gathered from in-depth interviews using semi-structured questionnaires, observation and the examination of primary sources. Empirical information is analysed in the light of theoretical constructs reviewed and practical constraints identified by other researchers in the field. The key construct is an 'ideal-type' participatory-democratic organisation. Significant findings include the following: (a) cooperatives in 'third world' contexts are formed and joined primarily for material reasons; (b) specific constraints include a severe lack of basic education among cooperators, relationships of dependency between co-ops and service organisations, and a 'survival' consciousness among cooperative members; (c) the nature of relationships between cooperatives and service organisations have significant implications for co-op development; (d) there is a relationship between organisational structures and viability as an economic unit and (e) members in different positions in the enterprise have different conceptions of cooperation. The study concludes that cooperative development is a process involving different stages characterised by different degrees of participation in decision-making, viability, organisational development and cooperative consciousness.
38
Egli, Christian. "DAISY Producer: An integrated production management system for accessible media." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-69281.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Large scale production of accessible media above and beyond DAISY Talking Books requires management of the workflow from the initial scan to the output of the media production. DAISY Producer was created to help manage this process. It tracks the transformation of hard copy or electronic content to DTBook XML at any stage of the workflow and interfaces to existing order processing systems. Making use of DAISY Pipeline and Liblouis, DAISY Producer fully automates the generation of on-demand, user-specific DAISY Talking Books, Large Print and Braille. This paper introduces DAISY Producer and shows how creators of accessible media can benefit from this open source tool.
39
Ferguson, Matthew. "Location decisions of producer services in a commercially transformed area." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq24132.pdf.
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40
Reeves, Jeffery G. "The United States sheep industry : producer behavior and supply response /." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10102009-020159/.
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41
Hongrapipat, Janjira. "Removal of NH3 and H2S from Biomass Gasification Producer Gas." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemical and Process Engineering, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9935.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biomass gasification is a promising technology for conversion of various biomass feedstocks to producer gas for subsequent production of fuels and chemicals. A dual fluidised bed (DFB) steam gasifier is used in the present research to produce the producer gas for Fischer-Tropsch (FT) liquid fuel synthesis. However, NH3 and H2S gases in the producer gas remain an issue to be resolved because they are poisonous to the catalysts employed in the FT reactor. To remove NH3 and H2S, two methods were investigated in this research: (1) primary measures which were employed in the DFB steam gasifier including process optimisation and application of bed materials for catalytic NH3 decomposition and H2S adsorption; and (2) secondary measures or downstream cleaning methods after the gasifier. The combination of the primary measures and the secondary measures is an effective way to remove the NH3 and H2S in the producer gas from gasification process.
Studies on the primary measures were divided into two parts. In the first part, in situ reduction of NH3 and H2S in biomass producer gas from the DFB steam gasifier was performed. The primary measures consisted of optimisation of operation conditions and application of bed materials. The main operation conditions in the DFB steam gasifier studied were gasification temperature, steam to fuel (S/F) ratio, and mean gas residence time (f). The bed materials tested include silica sand, iron sand (ilmenite), and calcined olivine sand. For the second part of the primary measures, an influence of the lignite to fuel (L/F) ratio on NH3 and H2S concentrations and conversions in co-gasification of blended lignite and wood pellets in the DFB steam gasifier was investigated. Experiments were performed in the DFB steam gasifier at 800C with blended lignite and radiata pine wood with the L/F ratio ranging from 0% to 100%. It was found that all of the studied parameters including gasification temperature, S/F ratio, f, bed material, and L/F ratio significantly influenced the NH3 and H2S concentrations and conversions in the producer gas.
For the secondary measures, a novel hot catalytic reactor and adsorber was developed in the present research for the simultaneous removal of NH3 and H2S. In a hot gas reactor operated at 500-800C and under atmospheric pressure, titanomagnetite was tested for NH3 and H2S removal by hot catalytic NH3 decomposition and H2S adsorption reactions. Titanomagnetite was tested with three different gas streams including 2,000 ppmv NH3 in Ar, 2,000 ppmv NH3 and 230 ppmv H2S in Ar, and 2,000 ppmv NH3 and 230 ppmv H2S in simulated biomass producer gas. From the experimental results, it was discovered that ferrite (α-Fe) readily formed by the H2 reduction of titanomagnetite has shown almost complete NH3 decomposition (100%) in Ar gas at 700 and 800C. The presence of H2S in the gas mixture of NH3 and Ar slightly reduced the catalytic activity for NH3 decomposition at 700 and 800C (>96%) and H2S adsorption of more than 98% could be achieved at the same temperature range. However, in the test with simulated biomass producer gas, 60% NH3 decomposition and 9% H2S adsorption were obtained at 800C, whereas 40% NH3 decomposition and 80% H2S adsorption were obtained at 500C. The decrease of NH3 decomposition and H2S adsorption at 800C in simulated biomass producer gas could be due to the high content of H2 (45 vol%) in the feed gas that favours the reverse reactions of NH3 decomposition and H2S adsorption, the increased surface coverage of the active α-Fe phase by adsorbed hydrogen, and the competition of α-Fe for the reverse water-gas shift reaction. Besides, it was discovered that the temperature significantly affected the removal of NH3 and H2S in simulated biomass producer gas and thus it needs to be optimised.
42
Gillespie, Mark. ""Another Darkchild Classic": Phonographic Forgery and Producer Rodney Jerkins'Sonic Signature." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24164/24164.pdf.
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43
Welford, Richard. "Aspects of the organisation and behaviour of U.K. producer cooperatives." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1990. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/35528/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reflecting the fact that the cooperative sector in the U.K. has experienced record growth over the past fifteen years, this thesis forms an investigation of the organisation and behaviour of producer cooperatives. The theoretical literature surrounding the labour — managed firm is examined and subjected to testing and empirical observation. In this way a fuller understanding of the cooperative sector and of participatory arrangements in general is achieved. The theory and issues underlying this approach are based on Williamson's (1980) notion of hierarchy, the neoclassical literature surrounding perverse supply effects and extensions of that, examining the nature of the cooperative objective function, growth, managerialism and degeneration, and the nature of self— exploitation in an economy dominated by large capital. The empirical contributions are derived from a data set of 78 producer cooperatives collected by the author. In the analysis contained in this thesis it has been possible to question accepted theory, to offer some alternative modelling approaches, largely based on the use of probit analysis and to seek to describe and explain more fully certain aspects of the organisation and behaviour of U.K. cooperatives. In doing so some attempt has been made to extend the analysis beyond the boundaries of pure economics and to consider facets of participation provided in other disciplines. Many different measures have been used in the thesis which indicate that whilst cooperatives, like many small businesses, will face problems surviving in the market place, they nevertheless seem largely successful in pursuing their stated objectives. Many of the 'accepted' negative aspects of the cooperative form of organisation, such as perverse supply — side responses, have been shown to be based on restrictive assumptions about the labour — managed enterprise. Assertions about the existence and survival of cooperatives based on ideas of degeneration and self— exploitation have been shown to be questionable. Perhaps surprising to some, it is shown that management does play an important role in the organisation and behaviour of many cooperatives. For example, the existence of some sort of management structure seems important in those firms with high growth aspirations. Much of the discussion in this thesis suggests that worker involvement can bring about productivity increases. In effect, it is argued that participation can lead to augmentation of the production function. Traditional businesses in general might therefore be advised to consider adopting participation in the workplace. On the other hand cooperatives should also realise that success in conventional terms can often enable them to better pursue their political motivations.
44
RATTON, ANAMARIA GIGLIO. "THE LOW-INCOME PRODUCER: CONSUMPTION LIMITATIOS IN THE RURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=13909@1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Este trabalho investiga o problema de consumo do produtor rural de baixa
renda a partir das limitações estabelecidas pelo mercado. Considera o conceito
de empreendedorismo no trabalho da produção rural, sua aplicação dentro da
cadeia produtiva desde a concepção do negócio rural até a venda final. Tem
especificamente como objetivos: (i) analisar se o produtor rural de baixa renda
é um empreendedor, com base nos conceitos de Prahalad (2005) e nos
significados sinalizados pela verificação das práticas empresariais por ele
desenvolvidas e (ii) identificar as influências do mercado no consumo domiciliar
e consumo para produção rural da família de baixa renda a partir da ótica do
marketing rural. Focalizando o município de Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, o
estudo recorta as peculiaridades regionais de comportamento, atitude e hábitos
de consumo desse mercado a partir de entrevistas com 11 famílias de
produtores. Os resultados apontam para oportunidades de mercado, públicas e
privadas, para estratégias, tanto da produção rural em áreas de baixa renda
como para o setor empresarial e público. Ao mesmo tempo, ressaltam a
desigualdade do pequeno produtor dentro da rede de produção rural na qual
ele se insere, as barreiras à comercialização e as práticas empresariais
ineficientes. Ao final discute as flutuações de consumo decorrentes das
irregularidades do fluxo de produção.Este trabalho investiga o problema de consumo do produtor rural de baixa renda a partir das limitações estabelecidas pelo mercado. Considera o conceito de empreendedorismo no trabalho da produção rural, sua aplicação dentro da cadeia produtiva desde a concepção do negócio rural até a venda final. Tem especificamente como objetivos: (i) analisar se o produtor rural de baixa renda é um empreendedor, com base nos conceitos de Prahalad (2005) e nos significados sinalizados pela verificação das práticas empresariais por ele desenvolvidas e (ii) identificar as influências do mercado no consumo domiciliar e consumo para produção rural da família de baixa renda a partir da ótica do marketing rural. Focalizando o município de Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, o estudo recorta as peculiaridades regionais de comportamento, atitude e hábitos de consumo desse mercado a partir de entrevistas com 11 famílias de produtores. Os resultados apontam para oportunidades de mercado, públicas e privadas, para estratégias, tanto da produção rural em áreas de baixa renda como para o setor empresarial e público. Ao mesmo tempo, ressaltam a desigualdade do pequeno produtor dentro da rede de produção rural na qual ele se insere, as barreiras à comercialização e as práticas empresariais ineficientes. Ao final discute as flutuações de consumo decorrentes das irregularidades do fluxo de produção.
45
Egli, Christian. "DAISY Producer: An integrated production management system for accessible media." Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Blinde Leipzig (DZB), 2010. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A1172.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Large scale production of accessible media above and beyond DAISY Talking Books requires management of the workflow from the initial scan to the output of the media production. DAISY Producer was created to help manage this process. It tracks the transformation of hard copy or electronic content to DTBook XML at any stage of the workflow and interfaces to existing order processing systems. Making use of DAISY Pipeline and Liblouis, DAISY Producer fully automates the generation of on-demand, user-specific DAISY Talking Books, Large Print and Braille. This paper introduces DAISY Producer and shows how creators of accessible media can benefit from this open source tool.
46
Etheredge, George. "A procedure to test human behaviour under producer scrounger conditions." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11975.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
This paper examines the applicability of the ‘producer scrounger’ model, used in the biological literature to model social foraging, to human beings. It is argued that humans do find themselves in economically important situations that can be described by the producer scrounger dynamic.
47
Gonzalez, Luis Daniel A. "Strategic producer services and development : the case of Costa Rica." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357276.
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Al-Dury, Sausan Salem Kadam. "Purification of Producer Gas in Biomass Gasification using Carbon Materials." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233884.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work is dealing with the utilization of biomass feed stocks and wooden residue for gasification process to produce syn-gas suitable for the implementation of power plants for electricity generation and problem of gas production suitable for further chemical and energy purpose discussing the suitable practical purification methods, given that the complexity of theme and project which carried out through detailed analysis. Since the obtained gas has many types of unwanted contaminants. It was necessary to derive an effective cleaning method for gas purification from chemical contaminants especially tars components. The discussion of the definitions and methods for the determination of gas unwanted components and their removal technologies on the basis of the knowledge of data, collecting and analysis carried out through an experimental massive approach. The theoretical analysis of the gasification process for an effective tar reduction in the produced gas has been studied as well. Since the quality requirements for internal combustion engines, gas turbines and fuel cells using the primary measurement methods cannot be achieved for gas production, this work aimed removing different particulates and tar. The main emphasis is placed on the methods of high cleaning taking in account the chemical and thermal specifications of the gas which is based on the utilization of three different kinds of carbon materials successfully and efficiently char coal, black coke and active carbon for tar removal which has a major impact on the process parameters. The analysis was responding with the mechanism and the techniques of minimizing the resultant allowable concentration by using a suitable materials and verifying the operation conditions without affecting the gas thermal efficiency. The highlights of the theoretical and experimental work has been drawn up by a high concept cleaning allowing the production of a pure gas having a quality that meets the modern technical requirements for electricity generation. Functionality the most efficient cleaning methods were based in the current project for tar reduction on the quantity of tar removed, the materials used for tar cracking and the conditions of the experimental work as well. For a successful application, some proposals have been settled for industrial applications of gas cleaning.
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Howlett, Michael John Gilmour. "The record producer as nexus : creative inspiration, technology and the recording industry." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2009. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/the-record-producer-as-nexus(b829aaf3-8ca1-4e8c-ab6e-f4f731644a47).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
What is a record producer? There is a degree of mystery and uncertainty about just what goes on behind the studio door. Some producers are seen as Svengali-like figures manipulating artists into mass consumer product. Producers are sometimes seen as mere technicians whose job is simply to set up a few microphones and press the record button. Close examination of the recording process will show how far this is from a complete picture. Artists are special—they come with an inspiration, and a talent, but also with a variety of complications, and in many ways a recording studio can seem the least likely place for creative expression and for an affective performance to happen. The task of the record producer is to engage with these artists and their songs and turn these potentials into form through the technology of the recording studio. The purpose of the exercise is to disseminate this fixed form to an imagined audience—generally in the hope that this audience will prove to be real. Finding an audience is the role of the record company. A record producer must also engage with the commercial expectations of the interests that underwrite a recording. This dissertation considers three fields of interest in the recording process: the performer and the song; the technology of the recording context; and the commercial ambitions of the record company—and positions the record producer as a nexus at the interface of all three. The author reports his structured recollection of five recordings, with three different artists, that all achieved substantial commercial success. The processes are considered from the author‘s perspective as the record producer, and from inception of the project to completion of the recorded work. What were the processes of engagement? Do the actions reported conform to the template of nexus? This dissertation proposes that in all recordings the function of producer/nexus is present and necessary—it exists in the interaction of the artistry and the technology. The art of record production is to engage with these artists and the songs they bring and turn these potentials into form.
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Walters, Cory G. "Producer opportunism and environmental impacts of crop insurance and fertilizer decisions." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2008/C_Walters_090808.pdf.
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