Дисертації з теми "Nitrure de bore hexagonelle"
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Susana, Laura. "Advances in Nanocharacterization Techniques : 4D-STEM and XEOL Studies on Perfect and Defective h-BN." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP016.
Probing physical properties such as charge density and optical response, on a nanometric scale is an experimental challenge which motivates a continuous search for innovative instrumental techniques and methodologies. This thesis aligns within this context, presenting advances in characterization techniques utilizing transmission electron microscopy and X-ray synchrotron sources. Benchmarks of the technical and methodological developments performed have been obtained on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), a wide bandgap material characterized by a significant charge transfer, a complex defective landscape and original optical properties. The first part of this work focuses on improvements in four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) which has recently emerged as a powerful tool for simultaneously obtaining precise structural determinations and capturing details of local electric fields and charge densities. Accurately extracting quantitative data at the atomic scale poses challenges, primarily due to probe propagation and size-related effects which, when neglected, may even lead to misinterpretations of qualitative effects. This work establishes the accuracy of the technique for the measurement of electric fields and charge densities in thin materials via a comprehensive study on pristine and defective h-BN flakes. Through a combination of experiments and numerical simulations, it is demonstrated that while precise charge quantification at individual atomic sites is hindered by probe effects, 4D-STEM can directly measure charge transfer phenomena at an h-BN monolayer edge with sensitivity down to a few tenths of electron and a spatial resolution on the order of a few angstroms. The second part of this thesis discusses the implementation of a novel X-Ray Optical Excited Luminescence (XEOL) setup at the Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) branch of the soft X-Ray SEXTANTS beamline of the Synchrotron SOLEIL. The combination of RIXS and XEOL opens new possibilities for correlated studies of excitation and recombination phenomena in the visible-far UV energy range. The synchronization of the XEOL spectrometer acquisition camera with the beamline X-Ray monochromator permits to acquire full luminescent spectra while scanning the incident radiation energy across the core absorption edge of a given element. From the 2D maps of excitation energy versus luminescence thus obtained, it is possible to associate specific near edge absorption fine structures to well defined luminescence features. Benchmarks have been obtained on perfect and doped cubic and hexagonal boron nitride with results acquired in the far UV comparable with state-of-art optical techniques. The analysis of near edge fine structures of h-BN has permitted to associate low energy emissions to the presence of B-O bonds. Finally the application of XEOL to the study of an h-BN/WS₂ monolayer vertical heterostructure luminescence has provided insights on the excitation transfer mechanism between the layers
Jaffrennou, Périne. "Etude des propriétés optiques du nitrure de bore hexagonal et des nanotubes de nitrure de bore." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344654.
L'objectif de cette étude est d'analyser les propriétés optiques de ces matériaux et, plus particulièrement, leurs effets excitoniques, en développant des méthodes de caractérisation optique adaptées pour observer des émissions UV.
Les techniques expérimentales de photoluminescence et de cathodoluminescence développées au cours de cette thèse ont tout d'abord permis de comprendre les propriétés de luminescence du hBN. Ainsi, nous avons pu confirmer la présence d'excitons libres émettant à 5.77 eV. Ensuite, en corrélant ces mesures optiques avec des analyses structurales en microscopie électronique en transmission de cristaux individuels, nous avons mis en évidence l'existence d'excitons liés à des défauts structuraux bien déterminés et émettant autour de 5.5 eV. Une fois les propriétés de luminescence du matériau massif connues, nous avons analysé de la même manière différents types de nanotubes de BN multifeuillets. Ces mesures ont pour la première fois montré que ces nano-objets émettent également dans l'UV. En se basant sur notre étude de la luminescence de hBN, nous proposons une interprétation pour l'origine de leurs émissions lumineuses UV.
Jaffrennou, Périne. "Étude des propriétés optiques du nitrure de bore hexagonal et des nanotubes de nitrure de bore." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344654/fr/.
Since several years, optical properties of semiconductors, and especially of UV emitting materials, have been extensively studied because of their potential use in optoelectronics. In that purpose, studying optical properties of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and boron nitride nanotubes is of particular interest since they are both wide band gap semiconductors (~6 eV). The purpose of this work is to analyze the optical properties of these materials and, more precisely, their excitonic effects by developing optical characterization methods dedicated to observe UV emissions. The experimental techniques we have developed (photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence) have allowed us understanding luminescence properties of hBN. Thus, we have observed free excitonic emissions at 5. 77 eV. Then, a correlation of these optical measurements with structural analyses of individual hBN crystallites in transmission electron microscopy has pointed out the existence of excitons bound to well identified structural defects and emitting around 5. 5 eV. After the analysis of hBN optical properties, we have performed the same type of experiments on multiwall BN nanotubes. For the first time, such measurements have shown that these nano objects also emit in the UV range. Based on our previous study of hBN luminescence properties, we interpretate the origin of the BN nanotubes UV light emissions
Gleize, Philippe. "Elaboration de nitrure de bore filamentaire." Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPG0115.
Pujol, Patrick. "Mésophases massives de nitrure de bore hexagonal." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR12222.
Abreal, Alain. "Proprietes refractaires des composites ceramiques alumine-nitrure de bore." Paris, ENMP, 1994. https://hal-emse.ccsd.cnrs.fr/tel-01163637.
Grenier, Isabelle. "Contribution à l'étude de l'application des dépôts ioniques à la réalisation de revêtements de nitrure de bore." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0003.
Remadna, Mehdi. "Le Comportement du système usinant en tournage dur." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2001ISAL0022/these.pdf.
The evolution of materials performances for cutting tools and their improvements allowed the experiment to operate with High Speed Machining (HSM). The diversity of parameters which determine the level of removal rate of the chip allows the constitution of several modalities in machining with the HSM system, therefore the important factors as efforts, vibrations, roughness, choice of tools, power… become constraints. In this context we had developed some researches in order to specify the behaviour of the cutting tool in Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN). . We had observed experimentally the profile of the wear at various cutting speeds. The profiles analysis process brings a contribution for good industrial mastery on turning tools wear. As summery, our study, which is essentially experimental, shows at first, that the geometry of the cutting evolves strongly in the life time of the tool. The CBN inserts, this lifetime increases as the chip section decreases, even though observations and measures have shown for each case an evolution in the geometry of cutting. With an increasing, at the same time, of specific efforts components of the cutting. These results show that the hard steel machining with CBN tools gives a good geometrical quality on the surface of tools machines, which one conceived with classic technologies on spindles with rolling bearing. On the other hand, the stress and metallurgical state of the manufactured surface make difficult their control because they are linked to a cut geometry which evolves strongly during the lifetime of the insert. This study shows, also, that the specific effort of cut changes strongly the direction in time and correlatively with the tool wear. It is really important to considerate this evolution to conceive a new tool machine and exploitable ranges of manufacturing in an industrial environment
Remadna, Mehdi Rigal Jean-François. "Le Comportement du système usinant en tournage dur application au cas d'un acier trempé usiné avec des plaquettes CBN (Nitrure de Bore Cubique) /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2003. http://csidoc.insa-lyon.fr/these/2001/remadna/index.html.
Dibandjo, Nounga Philippe. "Synthèse et caractérisation de Nitrure de Bore à mésoporosité organisée." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10212.
Le, Godec Yann. "Etude du nitrure de bore sous hautes pression et température." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA077138.
Silva, Santos Silvio Domingos. "Nanotubes de carbone et de nitrure de bore sous haute pression." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1286/document.
This thesis work focuses on the structural stability of well-characterized carbon and boron nitride nanotubes under very high pressures both including their in situ study as well as after the pressure cycle. We try to provide in this way a first approach to determine the role of parameters as composition (C or BN), number of walls or diameter on the limit stability of nanotube structures.In the two first chapters, we provide a basic description of the theoretical aspects related to carbon nanotubes, we address their main synthesis methods as well as the experimental techniques used in this thesis to study these systems. In the three following chapters, we describe the structural evolution of three systems i) low diameter (6,5) chirality enriched single wall nanotubes ii) triple-wall carbon nanotubes and iii) multiwall boron nitride nanotubes. The maximum pressure attained in these studies were of 80, 72 and 50 GPa respectively.Both the radial collapse of the structure and the mechanical stability of the tubular structure under very high pressure are addressed in the study. In particular, after their collapse, the low-diameter (6,5) single walled carbon nanotubes can be preserved up to 50 GPa and above this value the tubes undergo an irreversible structural transformation. On its side, the triple wall systems could be detected up to ~ 60 GPa but their transformed irreversibly at 72 GPa. Finally boron nitride tubes have a low mechanical stability when compared with their carbon counterparts. Under high pressures they present transformations at different pressures to a variety of structural morphologies, some of them having been detected for the first time in this work
Guilhon, Florence. "Obtention de nitrure de bore par pyrolyse de nouveaux précurseurs moléculaires." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10255.
Biardeau, Gilles. "Nouvelles voies d'élaboration et de cristallogénèse du nitrure de bore cubique." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10598.
Biardeau, Gilles. "Nouvelles voies d'élaboration et de cristallogénèse du nitrure de bore cubique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376029904.
Doche, Cécile. "Elaboration et caractérisation de composites céramiques réfractaires SiAlON-nitrure de bore." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG4204.
Laude, Thomas. "Nanotubes de nitrure de Bore : produits par chauffage laser non-ablatif : synthèse, caractérisation et mécanismes de croissance." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0708.
The beam of a CO2 laser, both continuous and low power (40-80 W), focused on a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) target (hot pressed powders), induces no ablation, but a stable temperature gradient, radial along target surface. Such a heating, in low nitrogen pressure, produces a macroscopic growth of BN nano-tubes. Tubes grow on a ring around impact, forming a crown of entangled tubes, perpendicular to target surface. This method is efficient to synthesise BN nano-tubes and other nano-spherical BN particles, often rich in boron. Tubes are extremely long (measured up to 120 microns), mostly thin (typically 2 to 4 layers) and self-assembled in ropes. In a tube, BN is stoichiometric and well crystallised. Spherical particles are faceted BN onions, often containing a boron nano-crystal inside their cavity. The synthesis method is simple and low cost. Quantity produced may be extended for commercial purposes, by scanning the laser beam (or the target), by using a higher laser power, or by collecting the material dropped from the target,. . . Growth occurs at bigh temperature but not directly from h-BN platelets. After dissociation and evaporation, boron condenses in nitrogen atmosphere, forming spherical particles, rich in boron, which spread around impact. Then, boron recombines with gaseous nitrogen if and only if boron is liquid, and hence, growth occurs on a ring of specific temperatures. While forming BN shells, some spherical particles evolve toward tubular extrusions. The evolution of a spherical particle toward a tube can be driven by its temperature decrease. A temperature gradient forms along the tube, essentially because of thermal radiation. The gradient is exponentially decreasing with tube length, by an order of 200 K over a few tens of microns. Growth speed also decreases quickly with tube length. It is of an order of 10 µm/s in the beginning of the growth
Montigaud, Hervé. "Synthèses sous hautes pressions et caractérisations physicochimiques du nitrure de bore cubique et du nitrure de carbone C3N4." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00164570.
Gonnet, Valérie. "Le nitrure de bore cubique : domaine de stabilité et nouvelles voies d'élaboration." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10647.
Maguer, Aude. "Manipulation et fonctionnalisation de nanotube : Application aux nanotubes de nitrure de bore." Phd thesis, Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112215.
This PhD work is divided into two parts dealing with boron nitride (BNNT) and carbon nanotubes. The first part is about synthesis, purification and chemical functionalization of BNNT. Single-walled BNNT are synthesized by LASER ablation of a hBN target. Improving the synthesis parameters first allowed us to limit the byproducts (hBN, boric acid). A specific purification process was then developed in order to enrich the samples in nanotubes. Purified samples were then used to develop two new chemical functionalization methods. They both involve chemical molecules that present a high affinity towards the BN network. The use of long chain-substituted quinuclidines and borazines actually allowed the solubilization of BNNT in organic media. Purification and functionalization were developed for single-walled BNNT and were successfully applied to multi-walled BNNT. Sensibility of boron to thermic neutrons finally gave birth to a study about covalent functionalization possibilities of the network. The second part of the PhD work deals with separation of carbon nanotubes depending on their properties. Microwave irradiation of carbon nanotubes first allowed the enrichment of initially polydisperse samples in large diameter nanotubes. A second strategy involving selective interaction between one type of tubes and fullerene micelles was finally envisaged to selectively solubilize carbon nanotubes with specific electronic properties
Le, Gallet Sophie. "L'interphase de nitrure de bore multicouche dans les composites thermostructuraux SiC/SiC." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12476.
Mballo, Adama. "Détecteurs de neutrons à base de nitrure de bore et ses alliages." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0236.
Neutron detectors play a crucial role in various applications such as homeland security (airports, borders and ports) to control illegal activities involving nuclear materials, nuclear power plants for neutron radiation safety and monitoring, high energy physics and nuclear science. In addition, recent events such as the Fukushima explosion and the polonium poisoning have stimulated interest in the development of small, portable and low-cost solid-state neutron detectors (SSND). To achieve high efficiency in SSND factors such as neutron absorption and charge collection are critical.The general objective of this work is to develop efficient solid-state thermal neutron detectors based on boron containing III-nitride materials such as boron nitride (BN) and boron-gallium nitride (BGaN). Boron in these materials is very important for the detection of thermal neutrons due to the high neutron capture cross section of the isotope boron-10 (10B) and its low sensitivity to gamma radiation. However, the main challenge with boron containing III-N for neutron detection is the quality of the materials. For instance, growth of thick, high quality single crystalline boron-rich BGaN needed for neutron detectors is difficult due to strain-induced degradations such as phase separation and columnar 3D growth. Therefore, we developed an innovative approach consisting of BGaN/GaN superlattices (SLs) with a nominal boron content of 3% in the BGaN layer. These BGaN/GaN SLs materials were used to fabricate metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) and p-i-n heterojunction devices, which showed significant neutron-induced signal. Even with this approach, it is found that there are several constraints on the boron content, the quality of the material, and the overall thickness, which are key factors for the realization of high-efficiency neutron detectors.By using binary BN (100% boron) epitaxial layers, higher thermal neutron absorption and performance of neutron detectors are expected. Our group has reported for the first time large area 2D layered h-BN films with high crystalline quality on sapphire substrate by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). These BN films were used to demonstrate high efficiency deep UV photodetectors. In this work, we have grown up to 2.5µm thick natural and 10B enriched BN samples and used them to fabricate MSM based detectors. The advantages of MSM structures are the ability to achieve self-powered operation, similar to that demonstrated for UV photodetectors, and to benefit from internal gain in order to increase the neutron signal.This work also aims to investigate the control of the electrical conductivity of h-BN by in-situ Mg doping for the future realization of p-n based BN neutron detectors. Since a high boron content is highly desirable for neutron detectors, we have further explored experimentally for the first time a new material: boron-rich BAlN alloys
Mortet, Vincent. "Croissance et caractérisation de couches minces de nitrure d'aluminium et de nitrure de bore cubique obtenues par pulvérisation triode." Valenciennes, 2001. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/3b61f736-adf1-4988-81b5-f6851c6cfa9b.
Cubic boron nitride (c-BN) and aluminum nitride (AIN) possess a variety of hightly interesting mechanical, thermal, electrical and optical properties, and therefore, have significant technological potential for thin films applications. Layer properties obtained by PVD and CVD methods depend on substrate temperature and on flux and energy of each species reaching substrates. For instance, c-BN growth is obtained only for a limited range of process parameters with a significant level of energetic ion bombardment during film growth. AIN and BN fims wer deposited by reactive and substrate bias sputtering. The effect of each deposition parameters on the discharge was studied by means of a Langmuir probe and an ion collector. AIN and BN properties were studied by infrared spectrometry (FTIR), UV-Visible spectrometry, RAMAN spectrometry, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometry analysis system (EDS) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Optimal nitrogen ratio and bias voltage were determined for c-BN growth and AIN (002) growth. Systematic studies of film stress have shown the effect of ion flux, ion energy, deposition rate and films thickness on stress. The c-BN growth studied by stress profile has shown the effect of stress on c-BN nucleation in accordance with Mackenzie stress model. The deposition conditions change after c-BN nucleation neither allows to reduce stress nor increases adherence of c-BN films. Our results indicate that film stress depends not only on deposition condition but also on the mechanical properties of deposited material
Pierret, Aurélie. "Propriétés structurales et optiques de nanostructures III-N semiconductrices à grand gap : nanofils d’AlxGa1−xN synthétisés par épitaxie par jets moléculaires et nanostructures de nitrure de bore." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066549.
This work focuses on structural and optical properties of III-nitrides wide-band gap semiconductors (AlxGa1-xN and h-BN), emitting in the ultraviolet range (4-6 eV). Nano-objects properties being modified by dimensional reduction, this work was mostly focused on the study of nanostructures of these materials (AlN and AlxGa1-xN nanowires, BN nanotubes and nanosheets). Careful search for correlation between their structure and luminescence has also been carried out. Concerning AlxGa1-xN materials, nanowires have been grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The use of GaN nanowires bases has allowed us to promote the growth of non-coalesced 1D AlxGa1-xN nanostructures. We have shown that the incorporation of gallium is very temperature-dependent, giving rise to nanowires made of a highly inhomogeneous alloy at several scales (from nanometer to a hundred nanometers). These inhomogeneities strongly influence the optical properties, dominated by localized states. Altogether these results allow us to propose a growth mechanism of these nanowires. Concerning BN materials, comparison of the properties of nanostructures with those of the bulk material (hexagonal BN) has been carried out. After that h-BN bulk has been further investigated, we have revealed that nanosheets with more than 6 monolayers present a luminescence similar to h-BN. This indicates a low influence of dimensional reduction in h-BN, contrary to the case of nanowires made of other nitrides. Finally we have shown that the main nanotubes investigated in this work, which are multiwall, have a complex structure that is micro-faceted, and that the defects are likely responsible of the observed luminescence
Montigaud, Hervé. "Synthèse sous hautes pressions et caractérisations physico-chimiques du nitrure de bore cubique et du nitrure de carbone C₃N₄." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10555.
Vuong, Phuong. "Optical spectroscopy of boron nitride heterostructures." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS075/document.
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a wide bandgap (~ 6 eV) semiconductor with a very high thermal and chemical stability often used in devices operating under extreme conditions. The indirect nature of the bandgap in h-BN is investigated by both theoretical calculations and experiments. An indirect excion and phonon-assisted reombinations in h-BN are observed in photoluminescene spectroscopy.This thesis focus on the optical properties of bulk and epilayers of h-BN. We investigated samples from different sources grown different methods in order to confirm the intrinsic optical properties of h-BN. We report the impact of the phonon symmetry on the optical response of h-BN by performing polarization-resolved PL measurements. From them, we will measure the contribution of all the phonon-assisted recombination which was not detected before this thesis. We follow by addressing the origin of the fine structure of the phonon-assisted recombinations in h-BN. It arises from overtones involving up to six low-energy interlayer shear phonon modes, with a characteristic energy of about 6.8 meV.Raman and photoluminescence measurements are recorded to quantify the influence of isotope effects on optical properties of h-BN as well as the modifications of van de Waals interactions linked to utilization of 10B and 11B or natural Boron for the growth of bulk h-BN crystals.Finally, we study h-BN thin epilayers grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy at Nottingham University, atomic force microscopy (AFM) images and photoluminescence features are combined to confirm the first observation of phonon-assisted recombination in high quality thin h-BN epilayers grown on c-plane sapphire and Highly Ordered Pyrolitic Graphite. This demontrates that large scale growth of h-BN by epitaxy is getting a technologically required maturity
Zhong, Wenli. "Préparation de matériaux à base de nitrure de bore pour des applications 'énergie'." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20186.
Energy developments have brought hexagonal boron nitride-based materials increasing interest for future materials and technologies. The objective of this thesis concerns the preparation of BN shapes for energy applications including fiber-reinforced BN composites, BN-based nanocomposites and BN foams. Fiber-reinforced BN composite and BN nanocomposites display potential as tiles for protection limiters for the Ion Cyclotron Range Frequency antennas in fusion nuclear reactors. Porous BN materials have interests as host material for hydrogen storage and as catalyst supports. The Polymer-Derived Ceramics route which offers new preparation opportunities in chemistry and ceramic sciences is applied to manufacture shaped BN-based materials.Firstly, in the context of C/BN composite, polyborazylene vacuum-assisted infiltration and pyrolysis process was successfully introduced. We focused on the design, elaboration and properties of the C/BN composite through the study of the (1) synthesis and polymerization of borazine, (2) the polyborazylene-to-boron nitride conversion, (3) the morphological texture and mechanical properties of derived C/BN composites. We firstly demonstrated that it is possible to obtain dense-derived C/BN composites (density: 1.773 g cm-3, open porosity: 5.09%) by tuning the viscosity of polyborazylene in the infiltration process. SEM observation presented a very strong bonding between fibers and matrix. TGA under air analysis confirmed the improved oxidation resistance property of C/BN composite compared with C fiber.Secondly, we investigated the design, processing, and properties of transition metal-containing boron nitride nanocomposites from polymetalloborazine. With proper choice of boron nitride precursor, and by controlling the B/M ratio (M = Ti, Zr, Hf), a set of representative polymetalloborazines has been prepared as precursors of nanocomposites. In the reaction of BN source with metal precursor leading to polymetalloborazines, two main mechanisms are mainly concerned: N-H and B-H units of BN percursor react with N-alkyl groups presented in metal precursors. After its pyrolysis under ammonia up to 1000 oC then nitrogen from 1000 to 1500oC, the derived nanocomposites reveal the presence of metal nitride nanocrystales with an average diameter of 6.5 nm homogeneously embedded in a poorly crystallized boron nitride matrix. A preliminary study is presented on the preparation of monolith-type nanocomposites from selected polytitanoborazines. Finally, we applied two PDCs route-based strategies to prepare hierarchically porous and micro cellular BN foams. In the first strategy, monolith-type BN foams with a hierarchical porosity were synthesized from polyborazylene using an integrative chemistry combined-based sequence set-up that consists of the impregnation of silica and carbonaceous templates followed by pyrolysis process and elimination of the template. These novel porous BN architectures display hierarchical and high porosity (76 %) with an open-cell interconnected macroporosity and a surface area up to 300 m2g-1. In the second strategy, a sacrificial processing route has been proposed to fabricate micro cellular BN foams with a porosity of 79 % from a mixture of polyborazylene and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) microbeads by warm-pressing followed by pyrolysis consisting of the burn-out of PMMA while polyborazylene is converted into BN. These novel BN foams display potential as catalyst supports and host material for hydrogen storage
Henni, Younes. "Etudes magnéto-Raman de systèmes - graphène multicouches et hétérostructures de graphène-nitrure de bore." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY060/document.
As the fourth most abundant element in the universe, Carbon plays an important rolein the emerging of life in earth as we know it today. The industrial era has seen this element at the heart of technological applications due to the different ways in which carbon forms chemical bonds, giving rise to a series of allotropes each with extraordinary physical properties. For instance, the most thermodynamically stable allotrope of carbon, graphite crystal, is known to be a very good electrical conductor, while diamond very appreciated for its hardness and thermal conductivity is nevertheless considered as an electrical insulator due to different crystallographic structure compared to graphite. The advances in scientific research have shown that crystallographic considerations are not the only determining factor for such a variety in the physical properties of carbon based structures. Recent years have seen the emergence of new allotropes of carbon structures that are stable at ambient conditions but with reduced dimensionality, resulting in largely different properties compared to the three dimensional structures. Among these new classes of carbon allotropes is the first two-dimensional material: graphene.The successful isolation of monolayers of graphene challenged a long established belief in the scientific community: the fact that purely 2D materials cannot exist at ambient conditions. The Landau-Peierls instability theorem states that purely 2D materials are very unstable due to increasing thermal fluctuations when the material in question extends in both dimensions. To minimize its energy, the material will break into coagulated islands, an effect known as island growth. Graphene happens to overcome such barrier by forming continuous ripples on the surface of its substrate and thus is stable even at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.A great intention from the scientific community has been given to graphene, since 2004. Both fundamental and mechanical properties of graphene are fascinating. Thanks to its carbon atoms that are packed in a sp2 hybridized fashion, thus forming a hexagonal lattice structure, graphene has the largest young modulus and stretching power, yet it is hundreds of times stronger than steel. It conducts heat and electricity very efficiently, achieving an electron mobility as high as 107 cm−2V−1 s−1 when suspended over the substrate. The most fascinating aspect about graphene is the nature of its low energy charge carriers. Indeed, graphene has a linear energy dispersion at the charge neutrality, giving the charge carriers in graphene a relativistic nature. Many phenomena observed in this material are consequences of this relativistic nature of its carriers. Ballistic transport, universal optical conductivity, absence of back-scattering, and a new class of room temperaturequantum Hall effect are good examples of newly discovered phenomena in thismaterial. Graphene has become an active research area in condensed matter physics since 2004. It is however still early to state that all the physical properties of this material are well understood. In this thesis we conducted magneto-Raman spectroscopy experiments to address some of the open questions in the physics of graphene, such as the effect of electron-electron coupling on the energy spectrum of monolayer graphene, and the change in the physical properties of multilayer graphene as a function of the crystallographic stacking order. In all our experiments, the graphene-based systems have been subject to strong continuous magnetic fields, applied normal to the graphene layers. We study the evolution of its energy excitation spectra in the presence of the magnetic field, and also the coupling between these excitations and specific vibrational modes that are already in the system. This experimental approach allows us to deduce the band structure of the studied system at zero field, as well as many other lowenergy properties
Malhouitre, Stéphane. "Etude et réalisation de couches minces de nitrure de bore par dépôt ionique réactif." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0010.
Tran, Van Truong. "Propriétés électroniques et thermoélectriques des hétérostructures planaires de graphène et de nitrure de bore." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS133/document.
Graphene is a fascinating 2-dimensional material exhibiting outstanding electronic, thermal and mechanical properties. Is this expected to have a huge potential for a wide range of applications, in particular in electronics. However, this material also suffers from a strong drawback for most electronic devices due to the gapless character of its band structure, which makes it difficult to switch off the current. For thermoelectric applications, the high thermal conductance of this material is also a strong limitation. Hence, many challenges have to be taken up to make it useful for actual applications. This thesis work focuses on the theoretical investigation of a new strategy to modulate and control the properties of graphene that consists in assembling in-plane heterostructures of graphene and Boron Nitride (BN). It allows us to tune on a wide range the bandgap, the thermal conductance and the Seebeck coefficient of the resulting hybrid nanomaterial. The work is performed using atomistic simulations based on tight binding (TB), force constant (FC) models for electrons and phonons, respectively, coupled with the Green's function formalism for transport calculation. The results show that thanks to the tunable bandgap, it is possible to design graphene/BN based transistors exhibiting high on/off current ratio in the range 10⁴-10⁵. We also predict the existence hybrid quantum states at the zigzag interface between graphene and BN with appealing electron transport. Finally this work shows that by designing properly a graphene ribbon decorated with BN nanoflakes, the phonon conductance is strongly reduced while the bandgap opening leads to significant enhancement of Seebeck coefficient. It results in a thermoelectric figure of merit ZT larger than one at room temperature
Plaud, Alexandre. "Excitons dans le nitrure de bore lamellaire : étude des phases hexagonale, rhomboédrique et d’hétérostructures 2D." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST002.
Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a lamellar wide indirect bandgap semiconductor (> 6 eV). The other lamellar boron nitride phase is rhombohedral (rBN), but much less known and studied. The goal of this thesis is the study of the excitons source of the luminescence of both phases and of 2D heterostructures, where hBN is used in combination with other 2D materials in vertical stacks.The study of hBN excitons properties is performed on a reference sample synthesized by high pressure and high temperature in Japan. Excitons binding energy as well as hBN internal quantum yield are quantitatively assessed by cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. The observed anomaly between absorption and luminescence is resolved thanks to the identification of the role of direct and indirect excitons respectively. At high excitation, hBN luminescence efficiency decreases limited by exciton-exciton annihilation. This phenomenon is especially efficient in this material.Combined with a structural characterization, the Raman and luminescence spectroscopic signature of the rhombohedral phase are identified. This allowed the analysis of the properties of chemically synthesized thin films (CVD).The last part of this thesis is devoted to the study of a 2D heterostructure hBN/MoX2/hBN where X = S or Se. An exhaustive characterization of the luminescence, vibrational and structural properties is carried out on all the components. Analyses are performed in both flat view and cross-section thanks to the cutting of a thin lamella by focused ion beam. Preliminary results on excitons diffusion and interface excitons are presented
Goeuriot, Dominique. "Réactivité, frittage et caractérisation de céramiques dans les systèmes alumine-oxynitrure d'aluminium gamma et nitrure de bore." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO19045.
Postole, Georgeta. "Le nitrure : un nouveau support en catalyse." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10106.
Serin, Virginie. "Caractérisation d'éléments de matériaux composites, fibres de carbone et nitrure de bore en microscopie électronique." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30043.
SENE, GILLES. "Synthese de nitrure de bore cubique sous irradiation ionique : caracterisation structurale et mecanismes de base." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112120.
Barkad, Hassan Ali. "Conception et réalisation de photodétecteurs X-UV à base de matériaux à large bande interdite destinés à des applications spatiales." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10095/document.
Currently, ultraviolet photodetectors based on silicon have shown limitations inherent to their technology in spite of their continual improvement for these last years. In collaboration with the Royal Observatory of Belgium within the LYRA (and BOLD) project, the maturity of the semiconductors with wide band gap is shown for specific applications in the space field and high-energy physics. The availability of these new materials makes it possible to exceed existing technologies. These materials present robustness, a radiation hardness and their wide band gap provide insensibility to visible and infrared lights. Indeed, because of their exceptional physical and chemical properties, diamond for example, is one of the ideal candidates from the point of view of fundamental research and technological applications. Furthermore, new nitrides semiconductors with wide band gap (AlN, BN) are now elaborated successfully and present remarkable properties such as diamond.The goal of this work was to design and to fabricate new UV photodetectors based on these materials. This work begins with determination of the transport properties of these semiconductors materials versus temperature by Monte Carlo simulation in order to optimize the performances of the photodetectors by means of a finite elements software based on COMSOL® by taking into account the material type, the geometry of the structure, the technological design, the nature of the electrodes (size, ohmic contacts, Schottky contacts, symmetry…) as well as incidental radiations. A physical-thermal coupling is implemented in some cases to determine the impact of thermal effects in device working behaviour. Various UV detectors are elaborated in clean room and characterized under X-EUV radiation on the one hand and DUV-UV on the other hand. The characteristics (stability, reliability, sensitivity to the radiations UV, dark current…) and the obtained performances are then described for each studied material. This work made it possible to establish several state of the art performances on diamond, AlN and BN and contributed to the development of the first solar EUV radiometer LYRA onboard PROBA2 satellite
Boudiombo, Jean. "Etude et caractérisation optique linéaire et non-linéaire de films minces de nitrure de bore (BN) par ondes guidées." Metz, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1998/Boudiombo.Jean.SMZ9828.pdf.
Coudurier, Nicolas. "Contribution à l'épitaxie des nitrures d'aluminium et de bore par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur à haute température." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994936.
Cornu, David-Jacques. "Obtention de fibres, revêtements et matrices de nitrure de bore à partir de nouveaux précurseurs moléculaires." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10296.
Dugne, Olivier. "Aspects chimiques, microstructuraux et micromécaniques des matériaux composites SiC-SiC à interphase de nitrure de bore." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10623.
Saysouk, François. "Élaboration et caractérisation de films polyimide-nitrure de bore nanocomposites pour l'isolation électrique à haute température." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2445/.
The advanced research for warm regions integration and/or operation in power electronics, results in an increased level of electrical and thermal stresses imposed on all their constituents. This concerns, in particular, the components of the power modules and high temperature rotating machines. In literature a thin dielectric layer for the high temperature (> 200 °C) isolation of different parts in power modules and rotating machines is missing. Polyimides, thermosetting polymer materials, are good candidates for this type of applications; however in this range of temperatures, these are limited from an electrical point of view. The introduction of inorganic nanoparticles in the polyimide matrix can be a solution to enhance its dielectric properties. The availability of new nanoparticles allows the fabrication of increased performance nanocomposites with high electric field and high temperature (up to 400 °C) performances. In this thesis, novel polyimide/boron nitride (PI/BN) nanocomposites have been prepared. Their dielectric properties were studied particularly in the range from 200 °C to 350 °C. Also, the influence of the size of the nanoparticles of BN (between 40 nm and 250 nm) has been studied. It's known that the presence of agglomerates in the nanocomposites limits the dielectric properties under high electric field; many improvements have been made in this direction to ameliorate the fabrication process. Dielectric losses, conduction currents and electrical conductivity improvements have been obtained in the nanocomposites compared to the neat matrix: a 2 to 4 decades reduction has been measured in the considered temperature range. Furthermore, the breakdown field resulted doubled at 350 °C for nanocomposites. Finally an analysis of the various physical mechanisms involved in the electrical conduction improvement was realised
Tailpied, Laure. "Synthèse par CVD de films de nitrure de bore aux propriétés optimisées pour dispositifs en optoélectronique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS125.pdf.
In the family of two-dimensional (2D) materials, boron nitride has been identified as a key material. This large GAP semiconductor (>6 eV), atomically flat, chemically and thermally inert, can play several roles in the 2D materials heterostructures: graphene substrate to preserve the exceptional mobility of its charge carriers or encapsulating layer to protect other 2D materials sensitive to their environment or to enhance their properties. Demonstrations of principle have been made with BN single crystals. The lateral dimensions and thickness homogeneity of the BN layers are limited by the initial millimetric size of the crystals, and their processing by mechanical exfoliation. This technique is therefore difficult to industrialize. The development of BN films with controlled size, structure and quality is needed to allow a scale up. In this thesis in partnership with the Annealsys society, we chose to develop the synthesis of BN films on nickel by low pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD). First, we transposed the BN synthesis process on polycrystalline nickel substrates from borazine already mastered by the team to the set-up of the equipment manufacturer Annealsys. We confirmed that the morphology and quality of the BN depend on the crystallographic orientation of the underlying nickel, and that the (111) orientation of the nickel is the most favourable for the synthesis of continuous BN films. We then work with single crystalline Ni(111)/YSZ/Si(111) substrates. We paid particular attention to the preparation of these specific substrates and developed an in-situ stabilisation treatment in the deposition chamber, compatible with an industrial process. The structure and quality of the synthetized BN films, i. e. thickness, roughness, stacking sequence, crystallinity and domain size, were characterized from the atomic scale to the millimetre scale by various of microscopy and spectroscopy techniques (AFM, SEM, Raman, TEM…). We set up a methodology for statistical characterisation at the centimetre scale, which is essential for checking the homogeneity of the BN films, a prerequisite for the manufacture of high-performance devices. We varied the synthesis key parameters, such the amount of precursor or the thickness of the nickel substrate, and studied their impact on the BN films. The results are discussed from a growth mechanism perspective
Schue, Léonard. "Propriétés optiques et structurales du nitrure de bore en hybridation sp² : des cristaux massifs aux feuillets atomiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV012/document.
Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a wide bandgap semi-conductor (>6 eV) which belongs to the 2D crystals family. Its structure and insulating properties make him as a strategic component towards the conception of graphene-based 2D heterostructures. This thesis focuses on the structural and optical properties of hBN layers.After a brief description of experimental methods, bulk material properties have been investigated on the reference HPHT-grown crystal fabricated in Japan. The characteristic stacking AA’ sequence of the hexagonal BN phase has been identified by transmission electron microscopy. Characteristics features of the 3 main luminescence regions have been identified and analyzed into details: free excitons, bound excitons and deep defects. The radiative efficiency of excitons recombinations in hBN has been studied on crystals obtained through various synthesis routes. The origin of hBN luminescence processes is discussed on the basis of current theoretical and experimental interpretations.The main part of the thesis is dedicated to the study of nanometer-thick hBN crystals obtained by mechanical cleavage, down to the monolayer. Experiments carried out by low-frequency Raman spectroscopy, energy loss spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence demonstrated a series of low-dimensionality effects on the vibrational, dielectric and excitonic properties of hBN. Defects introduced during the exfoliation step have been studied, their impact on luminescence emissions allowed us to isolate the intrinsic properties of 2D hBN flakes. Preliminary results obtained on hBN layers suspended in vacuum are presented and the effects of elastic and plastic deformation on BN luminescence are discussed.The last part of the work focuses on rhombohedral boron nitride (rBN) crystals where the BN stacking sequence follows the ABC type. Studying these crystals made possible the investigation of the influence of the stacking sequence on sp² BN luminescence
Bechelany, Mikhael. "Nouveau procédé de croissance de nanofils à base de SiC et de nanotubes de BN : étude des propriétés physiques d’un nanofil individuel à base de SiC." Lyon 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/13/94/30/PDF/These_Bechelany.pdf.
This study is focused on SiC nanowires (NWs) and BN Nanotubes (NTs). A new process, based on the high-temperature (1400°C) reaction of carbon precursors with silicon precursors on the surface a graphite plate, was found to yield mass-production of SiC NWs. The main advantages of this process are the low-cost of the ensuing NWs, no requirement of any purification step, and the possibility to generate in situ a coating on the NWs surface with tunable chemical composition (silica or carbon) and tunable thickness. Chemical and Structural modifications of these SiC NWs have been performed and yielded multifunctional 1D nanostructures, incorporating for instance BN and ZnO. The process was successfully extended to the synthesis of BN NTs. The latter have also been prepared by template route associated with the polymer-derived ceramics approach. Borazine, H3B3N3H3, was used as molecular precursor. Advances towards applications were performed with the localization of SiC NWs onto Si or SiC substrates, and the successful incorporation of SiC NWs into inorganic matrices. Physical properties of an individual SiC NW was studied by Raman Spectroscopy and Field Emission
Baehr, Olivier. "Elaboration par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur assisté par plasma (PECVD) de films minces de nitrure de bore (BN) sur phosphure d'indium (InP)." Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Baehr.Olivier.SMZ9737.pdf.
In the present work, Boron Nitride (BN) thin films, which are known as being electrically insulating, chemically and thermally stable, have been proposed as gate insulator on Indium Phosphide (InP) for the realisation of metal-insulator-semiconductor field affect transistor (misfet). The important requirement for the deposition process on InP, is the use of a low substrate temperature in order to reduce surface damage and therefore to maintain good electrical metal-insulator-semiconductor (mis) characteristics. In this way, we have developed both radio-frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) and microwave-PECVD. The films were characterized by several techniques, infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry, X-ray diffraction. The electrical properties of the Au/BN/InP MIS structures have been evaluated by capacitance-voltage, current-voltage measurements and deep level transients spectroscopy (DLTS). The deposited layers were identified as being essentially hexagonal-Bn, with a certain amount of carbon, resulting from the boron precursor. The optical index and the optical band gap have been evaluated in the 1. 50-1. 77 and 3. 7-5. 9 eV ranges respectively, according to the PECVD technique. The BN films deposited by both RF and microwave PECVD techniques, are consistent with the results reported in the literature. These considerations show that the PECVD processes are well adapted for the growth of BN thin films. The elctrical Au/BN/InP MIS characteristics have not been improved significantly, the results being vey similar to those obtained in the literature, with more classical materials (SiO2, Si3N4. . . ) as gate insulator on InP. To date, the eeffective reduction of the interface state density on InP and consequently the industrial InP-MISFET production, seem to be compromised in a general way
Bechelany, Mikhael Miele Philippe Cornu David-Jacques. "Nouveau procédé de croissance de nanofils à base de SiC et de nanotubes de BN étude des propriétés physiques d'un nanofil individuel à base de SiC /." [s.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/13/94/30/PDF/These_Bechelany.pdf.
Michau, Dominique. "Étude de l'influence du substrat sur la formation de films de diamant : application au développement de couches minces de nitrure de bore cubique." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10693.
Vérinaud, François. "Contribution à l'étude de revêtements céramiques obtenus par dépot ionique." Limoges, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIMO0240.
Toury-Pierre, Bérangère. "Elaboration de polymères précurseurs de nitrure de bore de fonctionnalité contrôlée : application à la réalisation de fibres." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10271.
Lacrambe, Gérard. "Fabrication et graphitation du nitrure de bore obtenu par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur à basse température." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10513.