Дисертації з теми "Nitrure de Bore hexagonale"
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Plaud, Alexandre. "Excitons dans le nitrure de bore lamellaire : étude des phases hexagonale, rhomboédrique et d’hétérostructures 2D." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST002.
Повний текст джерелаHexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a lamellar wide indirect bandgap semiconductor (> 6 eV). The other lamellar boron nitride phase is rhombohedral (rBN), but much less known and studied. The goal of this thesis is the study of the excitons source of the luminescence of both phases and of 2D heterostructures, where hBN is used in combination with other 2D materials in vertical stacks.The study of hBN excitons properties is performed on a reference sample synthesized by high pressure and high temperature in Japan. Excitons binding energy as well as hBN internal quantum yield are quantitatively assessed by cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. The observed anomaly between absorption and luminescence is resolved thanks to the identification of the role of direct and indirect excitons respectively. At high excitation, hBN luminescence efficiency decreases limited by exciton-exciton annihilation. This phenomenon is especially efficient in this material.Combined with a structural characterization, the Raman and luminescence spectroscopic signature of the rhombohedral phase are identified. This allowed the analysis of the properties of chemically synthesized thin films (CVD).The last part of this thesis is devoted to the study of a 2D heterostructure hBN/MoX2/hBN where X = S or Se. An exhaustive characterization of the luminescence, vibrational and structural properties is carried out on all the components. Analyses are performed in both flat view and cross-section thanks to the cutting of a thin lamella by focused ion beam. Preliminary results on excitons diffusion and interface excitons are presented
Pujol, Patrick. "Mésophases massives de nitrure de bore hexagonal." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR12222.
Повний текст джерелаJaffrennou, Périne. "Etude des propriétés optiques du nitrure de bore hexagonal et des nanotubes de nitrure de bore." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344654.
Повний текст джерелаL'objectif de cette étude est d'analyser les propriétés optiques de ces matériaux et, plus particulièrement, leurs effets excitoniques, en développant des méthodes de caractérisation optique adaptées pour observer des émissions UV.
Les techniques expérimentales de photoluminescence et de cathodoluminescence développées au cours de cette thèse ont tout d'abord permis de comprendre les propriétés de luminescence du hBN. Ainsi, nous avons pu confirmer la présence d'excitons libres émettant à 5.77 eV. Ensuite, en corrélant ces mesures optiques avec des analyses structurales en microscopie électronique en transmission de cristaux individuels, nous avons mis en évidence l'existence d'excitons liés à des défauts structuraux bien déterminés et émettant autour de 5.5 eV. Une fois les propriétés de luminescence du matériau massif connues, nous avons analysé de la même manière différents types de nanotubes de BN multifeuillets. Ces mesures ont pour la première fois montré que ces nano-objets émettent également dans l'UV. En se basant sur notre étude de la luminescence de hBN, nous proposons une interprétation pour l'origine de leurs émissions lumineuses UV.
Jaffrennou, Périne. "Étude des propriétés optiques du nitrure de bore hexagonal et des nanotubes de nitrure de bore." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344654/fr/.
Повний текст джерелаSince several years, optical properties of semiconductors, and especially of UV emitting materials, have been extensively studied because of their potential use in optoelectronics. In that purpose, studying optical properties of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and boron nitride nanotubes is of particular interest since they are both wide band gap semiconductors (~6 eV). The purpose of this work is to analyze the optical properties of these materials and, more precisely, their excitonic effects by developing optical characterization methods dedicated to observe UV emissions. The experimental techniques we have developed (photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence) have allowed us understanding luminescence properties of hBN. Thus, we have observed free excitonic emissions at 5. 77 eV. Then, a correlation of these optical measurements with structural analyses of individual hBN crystallites in transmission electron microscopy has pointed out the existence of excitons bound to well identified structural defects and emitting around 5. 5 eV. After the analysis of hBN optical properties, we have performed the same type of experiments on multiwall BN nanotubes. For the first time, such measurements have shown that these nano objects also emit in the UV range. Based on our previous study of hBN luminescence properties, we interpretate the origin of the BN nanotubes UV light emissions
Ottapilakkal, Vishnu. "2D Hexagonal boron nitride epitaxy on epigraphene for electronics." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0122.
Повний текст джерелаIn this century, the importance of nanoelectronics has grown with the demand for smaller, more efficient devices. Traditional silicon-based technologies face challenges, particularly in scaling down transistors while maintaining performance. Shorter channel lengths improve speed and device density but lead to issues like electromigration, leakage, and thermal load. Graphene, a two-dimensional material, offers a solution due to its high carrier mobility, thermal conductivity, and stability, making it a promising alternative to silicon. Utilizing graphene's properties could overcome silicon's limitations, enabling next-generation nanoelectronics with better performance and scalability. Monolayer graphene is typically produced via exfoliation methods, but these often introduce defects and contaminants, degrading its electrical properties and limiting large-scale production. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) offers a more scalable solution but can still introduce defects, while reducing graphene oxide leads to too many imperfections for nanoelectronics. Epitaxial graphene (epigraphene) offers superior transport properties for high-performance devices but, like all graphene, is sensitive to environmental factors and requires effective passivation. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a promising passivation material due to its structural compatibility with graphene. While conventional methods of h-BN transfer introduce defects, metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) allows direct growth on epigraphene, solving these issues. This thesis investigates the growth of thin h-BN layers on various epigraphene substrates (monolayer, multilayer, and patterned) using van der Waals epitaxy, with a focus on their potential applications in thin-film transistors (TFTs). The study is divided into three key areas: First, we explored the MOVPE growth of h-BN layers (up to 20 nm) on monolayer and multilayer epigraphene on silicon carbide (SiC), examining the silicon-terminated (Si-face) and carbon-terminated (C-face) faces. Both substrates exhibited similar surface characteristics, and thermal annealing was found to improve crystal quality without compromising the integrity of the h-BN/epigraphene heterostructure up to 1550 degrees. Second, we explored the selective growth of high quality h-BN over patterned epigraphene by etching to retain only the desired graphene patterns prior to h-BN growth. This method helped in reducing particle formation and damage compared to conventional post-deposition patterning techniques. Finally, TFT devices were fabricated from these heterostructures after investigating various etching methods (CF4, XeF2, SF6) to remove h-BN and establish contact with the underlying epigraphene. Preliminary electrical characterizations showed changes in resistance with magnetic fields, although contact resistance was higher than anticipated. This research provides a promising technique for producing high-quality h-BN layers on graphene-based devices, paving the way for further advancements while identifying areas for improvement
Serrano, richaud Elisa. "Modelling electronic and optical properties of 2D heterostructures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP121.
Повний текст джерелаGraphene (Gr) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have a similar lattice parameter (~1.5% mismatch) and different properties , Gr is a metal known by its high conductivity and hBN is a large gap insulator ~6eV) with a strong UV emission. Due to these two remarks, they are perfect candidates to be stacked side-by-side in a lateral heterostructures instead of one of the top of the other in a more common vertical heterostructure. In this thesis I will be interested at modelling the electronic and optical properties of lateral heterostructures composed of successive armchair graphene and boron nitride nanoribbons (AGBN). However, during the synthesis of this kind of heterostructures defects, such as roughness or non-hexagonal defect, may appear at the interface affecting to the properties of AGBN.In the first part of the thesis, will combine ab-initio techniques such a density functional theory (DFT) and a perturbative tight-binding (TB) modem to study the opposite and complementary sensitivity of the gapwidth of isolated Gr and hBN armchair nanoribbons (AGNR and ABNNR) upon different stimuli.In the next parts I will present the electronic structure of AGBN carry out with DFT and optical spec-trum calculated by GW and the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE). I will revise from the general features, like the band structure, to explaining in detail the role of each material and the characteristic confining of the exciton in the Gr part of the heterostructures.Parallel to this study, I will parametrise a semi-empirical TB model and set its limits of validity to de-scribe the absorption spectrum of AGBN in the independent-particle approximation. Therefore, I have to set a correspondence between excitonic peaks on the BSE absorption spectra and transitions in IP spec-tra will allow us to estimate excitonic effects from the TB IP spectra. In particular, this approach will be used in the last part of the thesis to finally characterise the impact of weak roughness at the interface or non-hexagonal defects like Stone-Wales or divacancies
Pelini, Thomas. "Optical properties of point defects in hexagonal boron nitride." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS139.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this thesis was to explore and caracterize optically the point defects in hexagonal boron nitride. The study of defects in this semiconductor is of fundamental importance firstly for the material science in which it plays a key role thanks to its lamellar structure (2D material) and its high thermal and chemical stability, and secondly for the quantum nanotechnology domain where its large bandgap (~ 6 eV) allows for exploiting deep levels point imperfections as «artificial atom» in the crystal lattice. During this thesis, defects in two spectral ranges have been studied: a first family emitting in the visible wavelengths, and a second one emitting in the ultraviolet range.Firstly, we made use of a scanning confocal microscope working in ambient conditions and at visible wavelengths. The recording of photoluminescence spatial maps permited to show the existence of localised hot spot of light, under the diffraction limit of the miscroscope, and emitting around 600 nm (2 eV). Time photon-correlation measurements revealed on one hand that we were dealing with single quantum emitters, and on the other hand allowed for probing the photodynamics of those systems, in particular at very long time-scale. Various photostability regimes are observed and discussed. Last but not least, power resolved study was also performed and demonstrated that a number of the emitters (~ 5%) are photo-stable at high excitation power and saturate at few millions counts per second: those point defects are one of the brightest single-photon source at room temperature in solid-state systems.Secondly, we explored the defects in the ultraviolet spectral range. A prerequisite to the engineering of defects in semiconductors for technological applications is the knowledge of their chemical origin. With this in mind, we studied shallow and deep levels in carbon-doped hBN samples by combining macro-photoluminescence and reflectance measurements. We showed the existence of new optically-active transitions (around 300 nm) and discussed the implication of carbon in these levels. The in-depth study of these levels have required the development of a new scanning micro-photoluminescence confocal microscope operating at 266 nm under cryogenic environment. The design and performances of the optical system are described, and the experimental challenges explained in details. Using this new setup, we went further into the examination of the deep levels. In particular, a study was carried out regarding the spatial correlation between these new spectral lines and the well-known point defect at 4.1 eV. Then, we used new crystals with isotopically-purified carbon doping as a strategy to investigate the long-standing question concerning the chemical origin of the 4.1 eV defect. Through this attempt, we brought to light the spatial dependence of the optical features for this specific emitter. Last but not least, we present our work dedicated to isolate the emission of a single 4.1 eV defect. We studied the photoluminescence of thin undoped flakes, pre-characterized with an electron microscope, that contain a low density of emitters, and inspected in particular their photostability in these thin crystals
Fournier, Clarisse. "Centres colorés contrôlés en position dans le nitrure de bore hexagonal pour l'émission de photons uniques cohérents." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPAST165.
Повний текст джерелаOptical quantum information processing requires single and indistinguishable photon emitters. In this context, recently discovered quantum emitters in 2D materials offer new perspectives in terms of integrated photonic devices. In hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), a new family of color centers has the advantage of a low wavelength dispersion. These blue-emitting color centers (λ ≈ 435 nm) can also be positioned deterministically. These two qualities are rare among solid-state quantum emitters, and add up to advantageous photophysical properties. This family of emitters is the main focus of this thesis.First, we detail the main figures of merit of a single-photon emitter: brightness, purity, temporal coherence and indistinguishability. We also discuss the main physical systems emitting single photons, in order to contextualize the following characterization of blue color centers in hBN.In the second part, we describe the generic experimental methods used during the thesis: mechanical exfoliation to obtain hBN crystals and electron irradiation to create the color centers. The latter are then optically characterized on an individual scale using techniques combining confocal microscopy, cryogenics, photon counting and spectroscopy. Finally, we describe the data processing methods used to calculate the intensity autocorrelation function.The third chapter is devoted to measurements of various photophysical properties of blue centers at the scale of individual emitters, such as lifetime, purity, polarization and photostability. We also focus on the creation process of blue color centers, by carrying out in-situ cathodoluminescence measurements, complemented by optical measurements. The microscopic nature of this family of color centers is also discussed.We then address the resonant laser excitation of a blue center. The study of photon correlations allows us to observe Rabi oscillations, and to extract the coherence time of the emitter. In addition, these correlations give access to the dynamics of the spectral diffusion taking place on a time scale of a few tenths of microseconds. Finally, we study the indistinguishability of photons emitted by a blue center by measuring photon correlations in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer. We demonstrate two-photon interference, indicating partial indistinguishability of photons emitted by the color center. This promising result could be improved by integrating the emitters into photonic structures designed to increase collection and reduce the impact of dephasing.The results detailed in this thesis show the potential of this family of blue color centers in hBN as quantum emitters for quantum information applications. With future developments aiming to understand and control their dynamics, as well as to integrate them into optoelectronic devices, our work opens new perspectives for optical quantum information with 2D materials
HAYS, VINCENT. "Formation de couches superficielles de nitrure de bore hexagonal sur des aciers inoxydables : aspects cinetiques et structuraux." Nantes, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NANT2023.
Повний текст джерелаHenni, Younes. "Etudes magnéto-Raman de systèmes - graphène multicouches et hétérostructures de graphène-nitrure de bore." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY060/document.
Повний текст джерелаAs the fourth most abundant element in the universe, Carbon plays an important rolein the emerging of life in earth as we know it today. The industrial era has seen this element at the heart of technological applications due to the different ways in which carbon forms chemical bonds, giving rise to a series of allotropes each with extraordinary physical properties. For instance, the most thermodynamically stable allotrope of carbon, graphite crystal, is known to be a very good electrical conductor, while diamond very appreciated for its hardness and thermal conductivity is nevertheless considered as an electrical insulator due to different crystallographic structure compared to graphite. The advances in scientific research have shown that crystallographic considerations are not the only determining factor for such a variety in the physical properties of carbon based structures. Recent years have seen the emergence of new allotropes of carbon structures that are stable at ambient conditions but with reduced dimensionality, resulting in largely different properties compared to the three dimensional structures. Among these new classes of carbon allotropes is the first two-dimensional material: graphene.The successful isolation of monolayers of graphene challenged a long established belief in the scientific community: the fact that purely 2D materials cannot exist at ambient conditions. The Landau-Peierls instability theorem states that purely 2D materials are very unstable due to increasing thermal fluctuations when the material in question extends in both dimensions. To minimize its energy, the material will break into coagulated islands, an effect known as island growth. Graphene happens to overcome such barrier by forming continuous ripples on the surface of its substrate and thus is stable even at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.A great intention from the scientific community has been given to graphene, since 2004. Both fundamental and mechanical properties of graphene are fascinating. Thanks to its carbon atoms that are packed in a sp2 hybridized fashion, thus forming a hexagonal lattice structure, graphene has the largest young modulus and stretching power, yet it is hundreds of times stronger than steel. It conducts heat and electricity very efficiently, achieving an electron mobility as high as 107 cm−2V−1 s−1 when suspended over the substrate. The most fascinating aspect about graphene is the nature of its low energy charge carriers. Indeed, graphene has a linear energy dispersion at the charge neutrality, giving the charge carriers in graphene a relativistic nature. Many phenomena observed in this material are consequences of this relativistic nature of its carriers. Ballistic transport, universal optical conductivity, absence of back-scattering, and a new class of room temperaturequantum Hall effect are good examples of newly discovered phenomena in thismaterial. Graphene has become an active research area in condensed matter physics since 2004. It is however still early to state that all the physical properties of this material are well understood. In this thesis we conducted magneto-Raman spectroscopy experiments to address some of the open questions in the physics of graphene, such as the effect of electron-electron coupling on the energy spectrum of monolayer graphene, and the change in the physical properties of multilayer graphene as a function of the crystallographic stacking order. In all our experiments, the graphene-based systems have been subject to strong continuous magnetic fields, applied normal to the graphene layers. We study the evolution of its energy excitation spectra in the presence of the magnetic field, and also the coupling between these excitations and specific vibrational modes that are already in the system. This experimental approach allows us to deduce the band structure of the studied system at zero field, as well as many other lowenergy properties
Rousseau, Adrien. "Deep-UV hyperspectral microscopy of hexagonal boron nitride : from the monolayer to the polytypes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMONS077.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, I have studied the optical properties of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) monolayers and polytypes using hyperspectral microscopy in the deep-ultraviolet (deep-UV). In the last decade, hBN has emerged as a pivotal material for efficient deep-UV optoelectronics exhibiting a strong emission at a typical wavelength of 210nm. Interestingly, hBN is a graphite-like layered material that consists of weakly stacked honeycomb atomic layers of tightly bound boron and nitrogen atoms, the so-called hBN monolayers. As many other 2D materials, the layered structure of hBN offers great flexibility in the atomic configuration allowing the layers separation down to a single hBN monolayer or the existence of various stackings leading to the formation of hBN polytypes. The degrees of freedom permitted by the layered structure of hBN, namely the reduction of dimensionality and the layers stacking, may influence the hBN properties through the alteration of the interlayer coupling, which disappears for a single hBN monolayer. This results in a diversity of optoelectronic properties that could be tailored by controlling the thickness and stacking arrangements of hBN layers for specific applications. However, hBN monolayers and polytypes are typically found with lateral sizes of 10-100µm in hBN flakes. Thus, studying their optical properties requires spatially-resolved luminescence microscopy in the deep UV which represents a real technical challenge. Consequently, the optical properties of monolayer hBN are still poorly known while not yet been reported for hBN polytypes.During my thesis, I have developed an original hyperspectral photoluminescence (PL) microscope operating in deep-UV at cryogenic temperatures (4K) to study the optical properties of hBN monolayers and polytypes. The microscope reaches a spatial resolution of 250nm in the deep-UV allowing me to study sub-micrometric systems as hBN monolayers or polytypes. On the one hand, this microscope has allowed me to study the optical properties of exfoliated and epitaxial hBN monolayers at the microscopic scale in the deep-UV. My results unraveled the coexistence of PL and second-order Raman signals at 6.1eV induced by the quasi-resonant excitation in monolayer hBN. This leads me to a complete and universal description of the emission spectrum at 6.1eV, providing better insight into the long-debated nature of the optical bandgap of monolayer hBN. On the other hand, I used the microscope to isolate for the first time a hBN polytype corresponding to the so-called bernal boron nitride (AB-hBN) which allowed me to perform an in-depth study of its optical properties. I thus unraveled the impact of polytypes on the optical properties of hBN, leading to the emergence of exotic properties in AB-hBN such as the simultaneous direct and indirect bandgap emission. Notably, this allowed me to demonstrate experimentally for the first time the impact of the light-matter coupling on the phonon-dephasing at the origin of the thermal broadening. Furthermore, by studying the impact of stacking on the emission spectrum corresponding to the so-called "4.1eV defect" in hBN, I could conclude on the potential microscopic nature of this defect. My results provide a better understanding about the effect of structural modifications of the layered structure on the optical properties of hBN
Soltani, Ali. "Croissance de films minces de nitrure de bore hexagonal et cubique par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur assisté par plasma : caractérisations optiques et électriques." Metz, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2001/Soltani.Ali.SMZ0134.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work was to synthesise cubic boron nitride thin films (c-BN) by chemical vapour deposition assisted by microwave plasma (2,45 GHZ), in order to carry out a device based on surface acoustic waves (SAW). We initially obtained the hexagonal phase (h-BN), analysed the deposition parameters ad the conditions of the growth which led to a good reproducibility of the layers. The growth c-BN thin films is very delicate and is generally obtained with physical vapour deposition methods (PVD). We succeeded in the fabrication of cubic phase (c-BN) by a chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method and we could elaborate this material successfully by applying an RF bias (13,56 MHz) to the substrates. The BN films were characterized by infrared (IRTF), MicroRaman (MRS), m-lines spectroscopies, as by electrical (I(V), C(V)) and physicochemical (XPS) methods. We developed a method of determination of the orientation of the optical axis "c" of the h-BN films by infrared spectroscopy, while working at oblique incidence. Indeed, with this technique is possible to excite the Lo modes due to the Berreman effect. This allowed us to extract a new "effect" dielectric function which takes into account the preferential orientation of crystallites. Using this method, we show that it is possible to modify the "c" axis orientation by changing the plasma power or the bias of the substrates. The synthesized films correspond to a mixture of h-BN and c-BN phases. The technique developed using IR allows us to show that the "c" axis of the h-BN sublayer is parallel to the substrate surface, allowing thus the growth of c-BN. These results were also corroborated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements (HRTEM). As for PVD techniques, the two important parameters for the synthesis of the c-BN by PECVD are the energies and the magnitude of the incident flux of ions. In addition, electric analyses allowed us to put forward some properties of the BN as its rather large sensitivity to room moisture and its high resistivity, which should make it possible to determinate better precautions of use in the realization of microelectronic devices
Soltani, Ali Bath Armand. "Croissance de films minces de nitrure de bore hexagonal et cubique par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur assisté par plasma Caractérisations optiques et électriques /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2001/Soltani.Ali.SMZ0134.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаKasri, Salima. "Développement de sources microplasma en mélange N₂/Ar pour la production d’azote atomique en vue d’une application aux procédés de dépôt de nitrures." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03180054.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to develop and optimize a new hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) deposition reactor on large surfaces using an array of micro hollow cathode discharges (MHCD) in a nitrogen/argon mixture. h-BN is a strategic material for strong added value applications, such as photonics and electronics. A fundamental study of one DC MHCD, carried out using electrical and optical diagnostics as well as a global model (0D), has allowed the electrical characteristics of the discharge to be measured, the production of atomic nitrogen in the MHCD to be highlighted, a key species for nitride deposition, as well as the electron density to be determined. Moreover, a matrix reactor operating under a ns-pulsed excitation has been experimentally characterized using electrical and optical diagnostics. Electrical diagnostics have been used to study the effect of dilution and frequency on the electrical parameters of the discharge. Optical emission spectroscopy and fast imaging have allowed the identification of radiative species, the determination of the temperatures in the plasma as well as the identification of the different phases of the spatio-temporal evolution of the discharge. Finally, the first deposition experiments, carried out in a dedicated reactor, have demonstrated the feasibility of h-BN deposition on 5 cm in diameter substrates thanks to the process developed in the frame of this thesis
Tararan, Anna. "Spectroscopy in fragile 2D materials : from Graphene Oxide to single molecules at hexagonal Boron Nitride." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS441/document.
Повний текст джерелаElectron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and cathodoluminescence(CL) in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) are extremely powerful techniques for the study of individual nanostructures. Nevertheless, fast electrons damage extremely sensitive thin specimens, imposing strong limitations on the spatial resolution and the intensity of spectroscopic measurements. During this thesis we have overcome this restriction by developing material-specific acquisition protocols for the study of some archetypical fragile nanosystems. In the first part of this thesis we have characterized graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) thin flakes by EELS spectroscopy in the STEM. Thanks to the particular setup of our microscope and by experimentally defining the optimal illumination conditions, we have derived oxygen quantification maps of (R)GO at an unprecedented spatial resolution. On the basis also of EELS fine structures analysis, we have revised the existing proposed atomic models for these materials. Another class of exceedingly sensitive nanometric systems is represented by individual molecules, which are strongly affected by both illumination and chemical/physical environment. We have performed the first CL-STEM investigation on the luminescence of isolated molecules, thanks to a watchful choice of the substrate. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a flat, chemically inert 2D material, that actively takes part in the CL process by absorbing the incident energy. Excitation transfer from h-BN to molecules and the use of an innovative random scan acquisition routine in the STEM have allowed to considerably lower illumination effects and improve CL intensity. Afterwards, the attractive optical properties of h-BN have led to the study of its cubic phase (c-BN), which has been up to now hindered by the poor quality of the crystals. By EELS in the STEM we have analysed c-BN crystals of the highest available purity, identifying a wider optical band-gap with respect to previous experimental studies and in better agreement with recent calculations. In commercial crystals, several defect-related emissions have been identified and analysed in terms of characteristic energy, spatial distribution and lifetime using CL and Hanbury-Brown and Twiss intensity interferometry
Levert, Théo. "Growth and transfer of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride by chemical vapor deposition : applications to thermally efficient flexible electronics." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I007/document.
Повний текст джерелаA major challenge is to find a way to grow those materials in order to achieve an easy and economically attractive way to produce large area of those materials with a good quality. Another challenge is to transfer those materials on substrate compatible with electronics (mainly SiO2). We will focus the first part of our work on investigation of the growth conditions required to produce large area graphene and h-BN of good quality and their transfer on SiO2. Flexible electronics has become an important field of research for many applications, such as flexible batteries. In this goal, several materials have been used such as PEN, PET or polyimide (PI). All these materials present a good flexibility and a chemical compatibility with microelectronics process but they suffer from poor thermal conductivity, leading to lower utilization of power of devices deposited compared to classic microelectronic substrate such as SiO2. Several way have been recently investigated to bypass this problem and a good solution is to fill the matrix of the polymer or polyimide with nanomaterials or nanofillers. We choose to use graphene and h-BN as the filler in a 3D shape: a foam of graphene or h-BN as the nanofiller and we chose a PI as the matrix. In the second part, we will explain in details how we achieve novel flexible substrates with enhanced thermal properties. We succeed in producing polycrystalline graphene on copper with quite a good quality, fully covering the metallic substrate with a size of 2x2cm. We tried to grow monocrystalline graphene using standard CVD and achieved hexagonal single crystals of 30µm, which is quite small compared to other methods used in literature. We synthetized polycrystalline h-BN using copper as a catalyst and ammonia borane as the precursor with a size of 6x2cm with a good homogeneity on all available substrate. We were able to transfer both graphene an h-BN on Si02 substrate using both classical wet transfer and bubbling transfer, leading to a fastest transfer and resulting on clean transfer of our materials, free of cracks, bubbles and resist residues. We succeed in producing both 3D graphene and 3D h-BN as foam using a Nickel foam as the catalyst, resulting in multilayer graphene and h-BN with a good quality. We produced new flexible and thermal efficient substrates using these foams as a filler in a matrix of PI, already commonly used as a classical flexible substrate for microelectronics. We developed two generations of substrates. We found similar mechanical properties and thermal stability as the commercial Kapton. We deposited thermistors on the surface in order to study the thermal dissipation of our samples. We improved the maximum power applied on the thermistors up to 100% before breakdown
Elias, Christine. "Optical spectroscopy of hexagonal boron nitride : from bulk to monolayer." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS054.
Повний текст джерелаHexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) or “white graphite” is a semiconductor which has a wide bandgap (~ 6 eV) and whose crystalline structure is close to that of graphite: it is formed by planes of atoms arranged in a hexagonal form. The interaction between the planes is of Van-der-Waals type. In 2004, h-BN demonstrated its ability to efficiently emit light in the deep UV (~ 200 nm) in crystals synthesized in NIMS laboratory in JAPAN. These results have attracted the attention of the community of semiconductors to the possibility of being used as a source of light for deep UV applications.The nature of the band gap in bulk h-BN has been the subject of a debate for over 12 years and it has been studied by theoretical calculations and by experiments. In 2016, the gap was demonstrated to be indirect based on 2-photon spectroscopy measurements. Indirect exciton and phonon-assisted recombination were observed by photoluminescence in h-BN.In h-BN, like in other 2D materials, when changing from a 3D system (massive) to a 2D system (monolayer), the nature of the gap changes. The calculations show a change from an indirect gap (bulk) to a direct gap (monolayer). This indirect-direct gap transition has never been observed in h-BN, and consequently the opto-electronic properties of the monolayer have never been studied. During this thesis, we studied for the first time the optical properties of the BN monolayer (mBN) by performing optical spectroscopy (macro-PL and reflectivity) in mBN samples grown by MBE at high temperature on graphite substrates (HOPG).Our results demonstrated for the first time the possibility to grow mBN (3.5 Å) by MBE technique. Our optical measurements demonstrated the presence of an optical transition at 6.1 eV associated to the direct gap in the mBN
Susana, Laura. "Advances in Nanocharacterization Techniques : 4D-STEM and XEOL Studies on Perfect and Defective h-BN." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP016.
Повний текст джерелаProbing physical properties such as charge density and optical response, on a nanometric scale is an experimental challenge which motivates a continuous search for innovative instrumental techniques and methodologies. This thesis aligns within this context, presenting advances in characterization techniques utilizing transmission electron microscopy and X-ray synchrotron sources. Benchmarks of the technical and methodological developments performed have been obtained on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), a wide bandgap material characterized by a significant charge transfer, a complex defective landscape and original optical properties. The first part of this work focuses on improvements in four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) which has recently emerged as a powerful tool for simultaneously obtaining precise structural determinations and capturing details of local electric fields and charge densities. Accurately extracting quantitative data at the atomic scale poses challenges, primarily due to probe propagation and size-related effects which, when neglected, may even lead to misinterpretations of qualitative effects. This work establishes the accuracy of the technique for the measurement of electric fields and charge densities in thin materials via a comprehensive study on pristine and defective h-BN flakes. Through a combination of experiments and numerical simulations, it is demonstrated that while precise charge quantification at individual atomic sites is hindered by probe effects, 4D-STEM can directly measure charge transfer phenomena at an h-BN monolayer edge with sensitivity down to a few tenths of electron and a spatial resolution on the order of a few angstroms. The second part of this thesis discusses the implementation of a novel X-Ray Optical Excited Luminescence (XEOL) setup at the Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) branch of the soft X-Ray SEXTANTS beamline of the Synchrotron SOLEIL. The combination of RIXS and XEOL opens new possibilities for correlated studies of excitation and recombination phenomena in the visible-far UV energy range. The synchronization of the XEOL spectrometer acquisition camera with the beamline X-Ray monochromator permits to acquire full luminescent spectra while scanning the incident radiation energy across the core absorption edge of a given element. From the 2D maps of excitation energy versus luminescence thus obtained, it is possible to associate specific near edge absorption fine structures to well defined luminescence features. Benchmarks have been obtained on perfect and doped cubic and hexagonal boron nitride with results acquired in the far UV comparable with state-of-art optical techniques. The analysis of near edge fine structures of h-BN has permitted to associate low energy emissions to the presence of B-O bonds. Finally the application of XEOL to the study of an h-BN/WS₂ monolayer vertical heterostructure luminescence has provided insights on the excitation transfer mechanism between the layers
Hui, Fei. "Chemical vapor deposition of hexagonal boron nitride and its use in electronic devices." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663391.
Повний текст джерелаLos dieléctricos son materiales aislantes utilizados en muchos dispositivos electrónicos (por ejemplo condensadores, transistores, baristores), en los que juegan un papel muy importante. En realidad, el dieléctrico es probablemente la parte más crítica en la gran mayoría de dispositivos electrónicos, ya que casi siempre está expuesto a campos eléctricos que pueden degradar sus prestaciones. El dióxido de silicio (SiO2) ha sido el material aislante tradicionalmente utilizado en la industria; sin embargo la miniaturización de los dispositivos requirió una reducción del grosor de los dieléctricos SiO2, lo que provocó un incremento dramático de la corriente de fugas y el fallo del dispositivo entero. Actualmente los dispositivos electrónicos más avanzados utilizan materiales aislantes con una constante dieléctrica alta (por ejemplo HfO2, Al2O3 y TiO2), y así no es necesario reducir tanto su grosor, lo que mantiene una baja corriente de fugas. Sin embargo, estos materiales muestran muchos problemas intrínsecos, y también una mala interacción con materiales adyacentes. Por lo tanto, la carrera para encontrar un material dieléctrico ideal para dispositivos electrónicos sigue abierta. En este contexto, los materiales bidimensionales se han convertido en una seria opción, no sólo por sus excelentes propiedades, sino también gracias al desarrollo de nuevos métodos de síntesis escalables. En esta tesis doctoral he investigado el uso de nitruro de boro hexagonal (h-BN), monocapa y multicapa, como material dieléctrico en dispositivos electrónicos, ya su banda de energías prohibidas es de ~5.9 eV. Mi trabajo se ha focalizado en la síntesis de h-BN mediante el método chemical vapor deposition, el estudio de sus propiedades morfológicas y eléctricas a escala nanométrica, y sus prestaciones como dieléctrico en diferentes dispositivos (condensadores y memristores). Nuestros experimentos indican que h-BN es un material dieléctrico muy fiable, y que es apto para su uso en dispositivos. Sus prestaciones dependen de diferentes parámetros, como el sustrato en el que ha sido crecido, su grosor, y los materiales usados como electrodos adyacentes. Además, h-BN muestra propiedades adicionales nunca observadas en dieléctricos tradicionales, como modulación de la resistividad volátil, lo que podría extender su uso a nuevas aplicaciones.
Gourari, Djamel Eddine. "Synthèse par arc électrique de nanotubes de carbone hybrides incorporant de l'azote et/ou du bore." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30170/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn opposition to carbon nanotubes which are semi-conductors with so-called "small gap" and which electronic properties are entirely determined by their geometry, single-wall heterogeneous carbon nanotubes BxCyNz yield to great scientific interest due to their tunable electronic properties. Successfully synthesising these heterogeneous nanotubes would indeed allow tuning this gap by acting on their chemical composition instead of their geometry. BxCyNz nanotubes resulting from the substitution of some carbon atoms in the graphene lattice by heteroatoms (B and/or N) could have numerous applications, in particular in photo-luminescent materials, field emission devices, or high operating temperature nano transistors... This work is dedicated to the synthesis of this new generation of nanotubes by electric arc. This technique offers the advantage to perform in-situ substitution of carbon atoms by the heteroatoms. It was carried out using an original approach based on the correlation of plasma characteristics (temperature and concentration fields of the various species) with the morphology and the composition of the carbon nanostructures characterized by various techniques (HRTEM, EDX, XPS, EELS). These results bring a better understanding of the phenomena involved in the growth of heteronanotubes in plasma conditions and also of the structure and chemical environment of the doping elements in the graphene lattice of carbon nanoforms such as boron- or nitrogen-doped nanotubes, and doped graphene layers
Gleize, Philippe. "Elaboration de nitrure de bore filamentaire." Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPG0115.
Повний текст джерелаAbreal, Alain. "Proprietes refractaires des composites ceramiques alumine-nitrure de bore." Paris, ENMP, 1994. https://hal-emse.ccsd.cnrs.fr/tel-01163637.
Повний текст джерелаGrenier, Isabelle. "Contribution à l'étude de l'application des dépôts ioniques à la réalisation de revêtements de nitrure de bore." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0003.
Повний текст джерелаRemadna, Mehdi. "Le Comportement du système usinant en tournage dur." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2001ISAL0022/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe evolution of materials performances for cutting tools and their improvements allowed the experiment to operate with High Speed Machining (HSM). The diversity of parameters which determine the level of removal rate of the chip allows the constitution of several modalities in machining with the HSM system, therefore the important factors as efforts, vibrations, roughness, choice of tools, power… become constraints. In this context we had developed some researches in order to specify the behaviour of the cutting tool in Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN). . We had observed experimentally the profile of the wear at various cutting speeds. The profiles analysis process brings a contribution for good industrial mastery on turning tools wear. As summery, our study, which is essentially experimental, shows at first, that the geometry of the cutting evolves strongly in the life time of the tool. The CBN inserts, this lifetime increases as the chip section decreases, even though observations and measures have shown for each case an evolution in the geometry of cutting. With an increasing, at the same time, of specific efforts components of the cutting. These results show that the hard steel machining with CBN tools gives a good geometrical quality on the surface of tools machines, which one conceived with classic technologies on spindles with rolling bearing. On the other hand, the stress and metallurgical state of the manufactured surface make difficult their control because they are linked to a cut geometry which evolves strongly during the lifetime of the insert. This study shows, also, that the specific effort of cut changes strongly the direction in time and correlatively with the tool wear. It is really important to considerate this evolution to conceive a new tool machine and exploitable ranges of manufacturing in an industrial environment
Remadna, Mehdi Rigal Jean-François. "Le Comportement du système usinant en tournage dur application au cas d'un acier trempé usiné avec des plaquettes CBN (Nitrure de Bore Cubique) /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2003. http://csidoc.insa-lyon.fr/these/2001/remadna/index.html.
Повний текст джерелаDibandjo, Nounga Philippe. "Synthèse et caractérisation de Nitrure de Bore à mésoporosité organisée." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10212.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Godec Yann. "Etude du nitrure de bore sous hautes pression et température." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA077138.
Повний текст джерелаSilva, Santos Silvio Domingos. "Nanotubes de carbone et de nitrure de bore sous haute pression." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1286/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis work focuses on the structural stability of well-characterized carbon and boron nitride nanotubes under very high pressures both including their in situ study as well as after the pressure cycle. We try to provide in this way a first approach to determine the role of parameters as composition (C or BN), number of walls or diameter on the limit stability of nanotube structures.In the two first chapters, we provide a basic description of the theoretical aspects related to carbon nanotubes, we address their main synthesis methods as well as the experimental techniques used in this thesis to study these systems. In the three following chapters, we describe the structural evolution of three systems i) low diameter (6,5) chirality enriched single wall nanotubes ii) triple-wall carbon nanotubes and iii) multiwall boron nitride nanotubes. The maximum pressure attained in these studies were of 80, 72 and 50 GPa respectively.Both the radial collapse of the structure and the mechanical stability of the tubular structure under very high pressure are addressed in the study. In particular, after their collapse, the low-diameter (6,5) single walled carbon nanotubes can be preserved up to 50 GPa and above this value the tubes undergo an irreversible structural transformation. On its side, the triple wall systems could be detected up to ~ 60 GPa but their transformed irreversibly at 72 GPa. Finally boron nitride tubes have a low mechanical stability when compared with their carbon counterparts. Under high pressures they present transformations at different pressures to a variety of structural morphologies, some of them having been detected for the first time in this work
Guilhon, Florence. "Obtention de nitrure de bore par pyrolyse de nouveaux précurseurs moléculaires." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10255.
Повний текст джерелаBiardeau, Gilles. "Nouvelles voies d'élaboration et de cristallogénèse du nitrure de bore cubique." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10598.
Повний текст джерелаBiardeau, Gilles. "Nouvelles voies d'élaboration et de cristallogénèse du nitrure de bore cubique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376029904.
Повний текст джерелаDoche, Cécile. "Elaboration et caractérisation de composites céramiques réfractaires SiAlON-nitrure de bore." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG4204.
Повний текст джерелаLaude, Thomas. "Nanotubes de nitrure de Bore : produits par chauffage laser non-ablatif : synthèse, caractérisation et mécanismes de croissance." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0708.
Повний текст джерелаThe beam of a CO2 laser, both continuous and low power (40-80 W), focused on a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) target (hot pressed powders), induces no ablation, but a stable temperature gradient, radial along target surface. Such a heating, in low nitrogen pressure, produces a macroscopic growth of BN nano-tubes. Tubes grow on a ring around impact, forming a crown of entangled tubes, perpendicular to target surface. This method is efficient to synthesise BN nano-tubes and other nano-spherical BN particles, often rich in boron. Tubes are extremely long (measured up to 120 microns), mostly thin (typically 2 to 4 layers) and self-assembled in ropes. In a tube, BN is stoichiometric and well crystallised. Spherical particles are faceted BN onions, often containing a boron nano-crystal inside their cavity. The synthesis method is simple and low cost. Quantity produced may be extended for commercial purposes, by scanning the laser beam (or the target), by using a higher laser power, or by collecting the material dropped from the target,. . . Growth occurs at bigh temperature but not directly from h-BN platelets. After dissociation and evaporation, boron condenses in nitrogen atmosphere, forming spherical particles, rich in boron, which spread around impact. Then, boron recombines with gaseous nitrogen if and only if boron is liquid, and hence, growth occurs on a ring of specific temperatures. While forming BN shells, some spherical particles evolve toward tubular extrusions. The evolution of a spherical particle toward a tube can be driven by its temperature decrease. A temperature gradient forms along the tube, essentially because of thermal radiation. The gradient is exponentially decreasing with tube length, by an order of 200 K over a few tens of microns. Growth speed also decreases quickly with tube length. It is of an order of 10 µm/s in the beginning of the growth
Montigaud, Hervé. "Synthèses sous hautes pressions et caractérisations physicochimiques du nitrure de bore cubique et du nitrure de carbone C3N4." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00164570.
Повний текст джерелаGonnet, Valérie. "Le nitrure de bore cubique : domaine de stabilité et nouvelles voies d'élaboration." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10647.
Повний текст джерелаMaguer, Aude. "Manipulation et fonctionnalisation de nanotube : Application aux nanotubes de nitrure de bore." Phd thesis, Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112215.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD work is divided into two parts dealing with boron nitride (BNNT) and carbon nanotubes. The first part is about synthesis, purification and chemical functionalization of BNNT. Single-walled BNNT are synthesized by LASER ablation of a hBN target. Improving the synthesis parameters first allowed us to limit the byproducts (hBN, boric acid). A specific purification process was then developed in order to enrich the samples in nanotubes. Purified samples were then used to develop two new chemical functionalization methods. They both involve chemical molecules that present a high affinity towards the BN network. The use of long chain-substituted quinuclidines and borazines actually allowed the solubilization of BNNT in organic media. Purification and functionalization were developed for single-walled BNNT and were successfully applied to multi-walled BNNT. Sensibility of boron to thermic neutrons finally gave birth to a study about covalent functionalization possibilities of the network. The second part of the PhD work deals with separation of carbon nanotubes depending on their properties. Microwave irradiation of carbon nanotubes first allowed the enrichment of initially polydisperse samples in large diameter nanotubes. A second strategy involving selective interaction between one type of tubes and fullerene micelles was finally envisaged to selectively solubilize carbon nanotubes with specific electronic properties
Le, Gallet Sophie. "L'interphase de nitrure de bore multicouche dans les composites thermostructuraux SiC/SiC." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12476.
Повний текст джерелаMballo, Adama. "Détecteurs de neutrons à base de nitrure de bore et ses alliages." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0236.
Повний текст джерелаNeutron detectors play a crucial role in various applications such as homeland security (airports, borders and ports) to control illegal activities involving nuclear materials, nuclear power plants for neutron radiation safety and monitoring, high energy physics and nuclear science. In addition, recent events such as the Fukushima explosion and the polonium poisoning have stimulated interest in the development of small, portable and low-cost solid-state neutron detectors (SSND). To achieve high efficiency in SSND factors such as neutron absorption and charge collection are critical.The general objective of this work is to develop efficient solid-state thermal neutron detectors based on boron containing III-nitride materials such as boron nitride (BN) and boron-gallium nitride (BGaN). Boron in these materials is very important for the detection of thermal neutrons due to the high neutron capture cross section of the isotope boron-10 (10B) and its low sensitivity to gamma radiation. However, the main challenge with boron containing III-N for neutron detection is the quality of the materials. For instance, growth of thick, high quality single crystalline boron-rich BGaN needed for neutron detectors is difficult due to strain-induced degradations such as phase separation and columnar 3D growth. Therefore, we developed an innovative approach consisting of BGaN/GaN superlattices (SLs) with a nominal boron content of 3% in the BGaN layer. These BGaN/GaN SLs materials were used to fabricate metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) and p-i-n heterojunction devices, which showed significant neutron-induced signal. Even with this approach, it is found that there are several constraints on the boron content, the quality of the material, and the overall thickness, which are key factors for the realization of high-efficiency neutron detectors.By using binary BN (100% boron) epitaxial layers, higher thermal neutron absorption and performance of neutron detectors are expected. Our group has reported for the first time large area 2D layered h-BN films with high crystalline quality on sapphire substrate by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). These BN films were used to demonstrate high efficiency deep UV photodetectors. In this work, we have grown up to 2.5µm thick natural and 10B enriched BN samples and used them to fabricate MSM based detectors. The advantages of MSM structures are the ability to achieve self-powered operation, similar to that demonstrated for UV photodetectors, and to benefit from internal gain in order to increase the neutron signal.This work also aims to investigate the control of the electrical conductivity of h-BN by in-situ Mg doping for the future realization of p-n based BN neutron detectors. Since a high boron content is highly desirable for neutron detectors, we have further explored experimentally for the first time a new material: boron-rich BAlN alloys
Mortet, Vincent. "Croissance et caractérisation de couches minces de nitrure d'aluminium et de nitrure de bore cubique obtenues par pulvérisation triode." Valenciennes, 2001. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/3b61f736-adf1-4988-81b5-f6851c6cfa9b.
Повний текст джерелаCubic boron nitride (c-BN) and aluminum nitride (AIN) possess a variety of hightly interesting mechanical, thermal, electrical and optical properties, and therefore, have significant technological potential for thin films applications. Layer properties obtained by PVD and CVD methods depend on substrate temperature and on flux and energy of each species reaching substrates. For instance, c-BN growth is obtained only for a limited range of process parameters with a significant level of energetic ion bombardment during film growth. AIN and BN fims wer deposited by reactive and substrate bias sputtering. The effect of each deposition parameters on the discharge was studied by means of a Langmuir probe and an ion collector. AIN and BN properties were studied by infrared spectrometry (FTIR), UV-Visible spectrometry, RAMAN spectrometry, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometry analysis system (EDS) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Optimal nitrogen ratio and bias voltage were determined for c-BN growth and AIN (002) growth. Systematic studies of film stress have shown the effect of ion flux, ion energy, deposition rate and films thickness on stress. The c-BN growth studied by stress profile has shown the effect of stress on c-BN nucleation in accordance with Mackenzie stress model. The deposition conditions change after c-BN nucleation neither allows to reduce stress nor increases adherence of c-BN films. Our results indicate that film stress depends not only on deposition condition but also on the mechanical properties of deposited material
Pierret, Aurélie. "Propriétés structurales et optiques de nanostructures III-N semiconductrices à grand gap : nanofils d’AlxGa1−xN synthétisés par épitaxie par jets moléculaires et nanostructures de nitrure de bore." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066549.
Повний текст джерелаThis work focuses on structural and optical properties of III-nitrides wide-band gap semiconductors (AlxGa1-xN and h-BN), emitting in the ultraviolet range (4-6 eV). Nano-objects properties being modified by dimensional reduction, this work was mostly focused on the study of nanostructures of these materials (AlN and AlxGa1-xN nanowires, BN nanotubes and nanosheets). Careful search for correlation between their structure and luminescence has also been carried out. Concerning AlxGa1-xN materials, nanowires have been grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The use of GaN nanowires bases has allowed us to promote the growth of non-coalesced 1D AlxGa1-xN nanostructures. We have shown that the incorporation of gallium is very temperature-dependent, giving rise to nanowires made of a highly inhomogeneous alloy at several scales (from nanometer to a hundred nanometers). These inhomogeneities strongly influence the optical properties, dominated by localized states. Altogether these results allow us to propose a growth mechanism of these nanowires. Concerning BN materials, comparison of the properties of nanostructures with those of the bulk material (hexagonal BN) has been carried out. After that h-BN bulk has been further investigated, we have revealed that nanosheets with more than 6 monolayers present a luminescence similar to h-BN. This indicates a low influence of dimensional reduction in h-BN, contrary to the case of nanowires made of other nitrides. Finally we have shown that the main nanotubes investigated in this work, which are multiwall, have a complex structure that is micro-faceted, and that the defects are likely responsible of the observed luminescence
Vuong, Phuong. "Optical spectroscopy of boron nitride heterostructures." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS075/document.
Повний текст джерелаHexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a wide bandgap (~ 6 eV) semiconductor with a very high thermal and chemical stability often used in devices operating under extreme conditions. The indirect nature of the bandgap in h-BN is investigated by both theoretical calculations and experiments. An indirect excion and phonon-assisted reombinations in h-BN are observed in photoluminescene spectroscopy.This thesis focus on the optical properties of bulk and epilayers of h-BN. We investigated samples from different sources grown different methods in order to confirm the intrinsic optical properties of h-BN. We report the impact of the phonon symmetry on the optical response of h-BN by performing polarization-resolved PL measurements. From them, we will measure the contribution of all the phonon-assisted recombination which was not detected before this thesis. We follow by addressing the origin of the fine structure of the phonon-assisted recombinations in h-BN. It arises from overtones involving up to six low-energy interlayer shear phonon modes, with a characteristic energy of about 6.8 meV.Raman and photoluminescence measurements are recorded to quantify the influence of isotope effects on optical properties of h-BN as well as the modifications of van de Waals interactions linked to utilization of 10B and 11B or natural Boron for the growth of bulk h-BN crystals.Finally, we study h-BN thin epilayers grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy at Nottingham University, atomic force microscopy (AFM) images and photoluminescence features are combined to confirm the first observation of phonon-assisted recombination in high quality thin h-BN epilayers grown on c-plane sapphire and Highly Ordered Pyrolitic Graphite. This demontrates that large scale growth of h-BN by epitaxy is getting a technologically required maturity
Montigaud, Hervé. "Synthèse sous hautes pressions et caractérisations physico-chimiques du nitrure de bore cubique et du nitrure de carbone C₃N₄." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10555.
Повний текст джерелаZhong, Wenli. "Préparation de matériaux à base de nitrure de bore pour des applications 'énergie'." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20186.
Повний текст джерелаEnergy developments have brought hexagonal boron nitride-based materials increasing interest for future materials and technologies. The objective of this thesis concerns the preparation of BN shapes for energy applications including fiber-reinforced BN composites, BN-based nanocomposites and BN foams. Fiber-reinforced BN composite and BN nanocomposites display potential as tiles for protection limiters for the Ion Cyclotron Range Frequency antennas in fusion nuclear reactors. Porous BN materials have interests as host material for hydrogen storage and as catalyst supports. The Polymer-Derived Ceramics route which offers new preparation opportunities in chemistry and ceramic sciences is applied to manufacture shaped BN-based materials.Firstly, in the context of C/BN composite, polyborazylene vacuum-assisted infiltration and pyrolysis process was successfully introduced. We focused on the design, elaboration and properties of the C/BN composite through the study of the (1) synthesis and polymerization of borazine, (2) the polyborazylene-to-boron nitride conversion, (3) the morphological texture and mechanical properties of derived C/BN composites. We firstly demonstrated that it is possible to obtain dense-derived C/BN composites (density: 1.773 g cm-3, open porosity: 5.09%) by tuning the viscosity of polyborazylene in the infiltration process. SEM observation presented a very strong bonding between fibers and matrix. TGA under air analysis confirmed the improved oxidation resistance property of C/BN composite compared with C fiber.Secondly, we investigated the design, processing, and properties of transition metal-containing boron nitride nanocomposites from polymetalloborazine. With proper choice of boron nitride precursor, and by controlling the B/M ratio (M = Ti, Zr, Hf), a set of representative polymetalloborazines has been prepared as precursors of nanocomposites. In the reaction of BN source with metal precursor leading to polymetalloborazines, two main mechanisms are mainly concerned: N-H and B-H units of BN percursor react with N-alkyl groups presented in metal precursors. After its pyrolysis under ammonia up to 1000 oC then nitrogen from 1000 to 1500oC, the derived nanocomposites reveal the presence of metal nitride nanocrystales with an average diameter of 6.5 nm homogeneously embedded in a poorly crystallized boron nitride matrix. A preliminary study is presented on the preparation of monolith-type nanocomposites from selected polytitanoborazines. Finally, we applied two PDCs route-based strategies to prepare hierarchically porous and micro cellular BN foams. In the first strategy, monolith-type BN foams with a hierarchical porosity were synthesized from polyborazylene using an integrative chemistry combined-based sequence set-up that consists of the impregnation of silica and carbonaceous templates followed by pyrolysis process and elimination of the template. These novel porous BN architectures display hierarchical and high porosity (76 %) with an open-cell interconnected macroporosity and a surface area up to 300 m2g-1. In the second strategy, a sacrificial processing route has been proposed to fabricate micro cellular BN foams with a porosity of 79 % from a mixture of polyborazylene and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) microbeads by warm-pressing followed by pyrolysis consisting of the burn-out of PMMA while polyborazylene is converted into BN. These novel BN foams display potential as catalyst supports and host material for hydrogen storage
Bardoux, Richard. "Spectroscopie de boîtes quantiques individuelles GaN/AlN en phase hexagonale." Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20173.
Повний текст джерелаWe study the optical properties of GaN/AlN quantum dots (QDs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si(111) substrates. Time-resolved spectroscopy of the collective emission from QD planes leads us to an appropriate determination of the QD ground state and of the on-axis internal electric field. We observe and model a nonconventional carrier recombination process. These preliminary results allow us to select the QDs that are ideal for individual studies by micro-photoluminescence. Our measurements on single QDs reveal spectral diffusion effects that we study in detail. By analyzing linear polarization of the emission lines of individual quantum dots, we observe properties related to the excitonic fine structure, very different from those of previously studied QDs, which we explain via a modeling accounting for exchange and anisotropy effects
Bardoux, Richard. "Spectroscopie de boîtes quantiques individuelles GaN/AlN en phase hexagonale." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00201492.
Повний текст джерелаMalhouitre, Stéphane. "Etude et réalisation de couches minces de nitrure de bore par dépôt ionique réactif." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0010.
Повний текст джерелаTran, Van Truong. "Propriétés électroniques et thermoélectriques des hétérostructures planaires de graphène et de nitrure de bore." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS133/document.
Повний текст джерелаGraphene is a fascinating 2-dimensional material exhibiting outstanding electronic, thermal and mechanical properties. Is this expected to have a huge potential for a wide range of applications, in particular in electronics. However, this material also suffers from a strong drawback for most electronic devices due to the gapless character of its band structure, which makes it difficult to switch off the current. For thermoelectric applications, the high thermal conductance of this material is also a strong limitation. Hence, many challenges have to be taken up to make it useful for actual applications. This thesis work focuses on the theoretical investigation of a new strategy to modulate and control the properties of graphene that consists in assembling in-plane heterostructures of graphene and Boron Nitride (BN). It allows us to tune on a wide range the bandgap, the thermal conductance and the Seebeck coefficient of the resulting hybrid nanomaterial. The work is performed using atomistic simulations based on tight binding (TB), force constant (FC) models for electrons and phonons, respectively, coupled with the Green's function formalism for transport calculation. The results show that thanks to the tunable bandgap, it is possible to design graphene/BN based transistors exhibiting high on/off current ratio in the range 10⁴-10⁵. We also predict the existence hybrid quantum states at the zigzag interface between graphene and BN with appealing electron transport. Finally this work shows that by designing properly a graphene ribbon decorated with BN nanoflakes, the phonon conductance is strongly reduced while the bandgap opening leads to significant enhancement of Seebeck coefficient. It results in a thermoelectric figure of merit ZT larger than one at room temperature
Goeuriot, Dominique. "Réactivité, frittage et caractérisation de céramiques dans les systèmes alumine-oxynitrure d'aluminium gamma et nitrure de bore." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO19045.
Повний текст джерелаPostole, Georgeta. "Le nitrure : un nouveau support en catalyse." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10106.
Повний текст джерелаSerin, Virginie. "Caractérisation d'éléments de matériaux composites, fibres de carbone et nitrure de bore en microscopie électronique." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30043.
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