Статті в журналах: "Nitrogen and sulfur nutrition"

1

Tietel, Zipora, Uri Yermiyahu, and Asher Bar-Tal. "Sulfate Fertilization Preserves Tomato Fruit Nutritional Quality." Agronomy 12, no. 5 (May 5, 2022): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051117.

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Sulfur is an essential mineral in human nutrition, involved in vital biochemical processes. Sulfur deficient soil is becoming a severe issue, resulting from increased agricultural production and decreased sulfur emissions. Tomato cultivation using sulfur-poor soils and desalinated water is becoming widespread, and might result in plant and fruit sulfur deficiency. In the current work, we aimed at evaluating the effect of sulfur fertilization (0.1–4 mM) on fruit sulfur concentrations, under both low (4 mM) and high (11 mM) nitrogen fertilization, to assess fruit sulfur biofortification, alongside the effect on fruit mineral composition, and on tomato plants. The experiment was performed on a semi-commercial scale, during two seasons, with a real-life fertilization range. We evaluated fruit elemental composition, in addition to young (diagnostic) leaves, as an indication to nutritional status. Our results show no harmful effect of low sulfur treatment on plant growth and high yield. Increased fertilization-sulfur exclusively induced sulfur accumulation in the fruit, while increasing fertilization-nitrogen subsequently increased fruit nitrogen. Sulfur treatments resulted in a consistent negative effect on fruit molybdenum and calcium, as well as a positive effect on fruit sodium levels. At the same time, other fruit minerals, including phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, and copper, remained unaltered by sulfur treatments. Leaf response trends generally adhered to those of fruit. Taken together, our findings suggest that sulfur fertilization can biofortify tomato with sulfur while retaining fruit mineral composition and nutritional quality, excluding a decrease in Molybdenum levels, to assure food security and maintain fruit and vegetables as a significant source of sulfur and other minerals. Possibilities of practical application of this work’s results include optimization of fertilization levels in crop cultivation under sulfur deficiency for yield and nutritional quality, alongside the biofortification of tomatoes with sulfur and nitrogen with no adverse effect to other fruit minerals.

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2

Stuart, Rhona K., Eric R. A. Pederson, Philip D. Weyman, Peter K. Weber, Ulla Rassmussen, and Christopher L. Dupont. "Bidirectional C and N transfer and a potential role for sulfur in an epiphytic diazotrophic mutualism." ISME Journal 14, no. 12 (August 19, 2020): 3068–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-00738-4.

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Abstract In nitrogen-limited boreal forests, associations between feathermoss and diazotrophic cyanobacteria control nitrogen inputs and thus carbon cycling, but little is known about the molecular regulators required for initiation and maintenance of these associations. Specifically, a benefit to the cyanobacteria is not known, challenging whether the association is a nutritional mutualism. Targeted mutagenesis of the cyanobacterial alkane sulfonate monooxygenase results in an inability to colonize feathermosses by the cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme, suggesting a role for organic sulfur in communication or nutrition. Isotope probing paired with high-resolution imaging mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) demonstrated bidirectional elemental transfer between partners, with carbon and sulfur both being transferred to the cyanobacteria, and nitrogen transferred to the moss. These results support the hypothesis that moss and cyanobacteria enter a mutualistic exosymbiosis with substantial bidirectional material exchange of carbon and nitrogen and potential signaling through sulfur compounds.

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Balint, Tatjana, Zdenko Rengel, and David Allen. "Australian canola germplasm differs in nitrogen and sulfur efficiency." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 59, no. 2 (2008): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar06255.

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Eighty-four canola genotypes, including current commercial Australian genotypes, some older Australian genotypes, new breeding lines, and several genotypes from China, were screened for nitrogen and sulfur efficiency in the early growth stage. Plants were grown in a glasshouse using virgin brown Lancelin soil (Uc4.22) supplied with basal nutrients. The treatments were: (i) adequate nitrogen and sulfur, (ii) low nitrogen, and (iii) low sulfur. Canola shoots were harvested at 38 days after sowing when growth reduction and the nitrogen and sulfur deficiency symptoms were evident in most genotypes. The nitrogen or sulfur efficiency in canola genotypes was evaluated on the basis of: (1) growth at low nitrogen or sulfur supply, (2) growth at low relative to adequate nitrogen and sulfur supply, and (3) nitrogen or sulfur utilisation efficiency expressed as shoot dry weight per unit of nitrogen or sulfur content in shoots. Genotypic variation in growth and nitrogen or sulfur efficiency in canola germplasm was significant. Two genotypes (Chikuzen and 46C74) were ranked efficient and 2 inefficient (CBWA-005 and Beacon) in uptake and utilisation of nitrogen under all 3 criteria. In terms of sulfur efficiency, genotype Argentina was ranked efficient, whereas CBWA-003 and IB 1363 were classified inefficient under all 3 criteria. Two canola genotypes (Surpass 600 and 46C74) were both nitrogen- and sulfur-efficient in terms of relative growth at low v. adequate nutrition; their use in the breeding programs could be considered.

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4

Muldoon, DK. "Nutrition of irrigated crops on an alkaline brown clay soil at Trangie, New South Wales. 2. Wheat." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 4 (1986): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860451.

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In a field nutrient-omission experiment, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and zinc were sequentially omitted from a 'complete' fertiliser applied to irrigated wheat on an alkaline brown clay soil. Wheat forage and grain yields were recorded for 3 years following this single application. The chemical composition of forage and grain was determined. A second experiment elucidated the response to nitrogen fertiliser after 2 years of wheat or fallow. Deficiencies of phosphorus and nitrogen were evident in the second and subsequent crops. Forage and grain yields were reduced in the absence of these elements as were the respective concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen in the forage and grain. The omission of zinc fertiliser reduced the concentration of zinc in the grain but not the grain yield. Omitting sulfur led to lower grain yields in the second year. Both sulfur and nitrogen were required to achieve maximum grain nitrogen and sulfur contents. The response to nitrogen fertiliser peaked at 130 kg/ha N after a fallow. After continuous wheat, however, over 200 kg/ha N was required for maximum yields. A positive tillering response to nitrogen accounted for much of this grain yield response. Grain nitrogen contents remained low until 100kg/ha N was applied.

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5

Ohmann, L. F., and D. F. Grigal. "Spatial and temporal patterns of sulfur and nitrogen in wood of trees across the north central United States." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-067.

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Tree wood tissue was sampled in 169 forest stands, which represented five forest types, across the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. The molar ratio of elemental sulfur to nitrogen for 3 decades of wood growth (1956 to 1985) was related to (i) location, as defined by five sampling zones, (ii) the molar ratio of elemental sulfur to nitrogen in soils, and (iii) wet sulfate deposition. There were also differences in molar ratios of sulfur to nitrogen among tree species and no significant interactions between species and zone. The sulfur to nitrogen ratios of both soil and wood increased from west to east across the sulfate deposition gradient. This trend is consistent with growing evidence that sulfate and other sulfur ions deposited through air pollution are accumulating in various compartments of forest ecosystems in the north central United States. These results also support studies that indicate that more sulfur is being taken up by trees than needed for nutrition.

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6

Salvagiotti, Fernando, and Daniel J. Miralles. "Wheat development as affected by nitrogen and sulfur nutrition." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 1 (2007): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar06090.

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Sulfur (S) is one of the essential nutrients for crop growth, which is linked to nitrogen (N) in many physiological functions. The rate of leaf emergence (RLE) and final leaf number (FLN) determine the duration of the emergence (Em)–anthesis (Ant) period in wheat. Although some studies showed effects of N and phosphorus on RLE and the length of the Em–Ant period, no reports studied the effect of N and S interaction on the phasic development and the coordination of RLE with tillering appearance. A bread-wheat genotype was grown with 4 N and 2 S fertiliser rates during 2000 and 2001 in field plots. In addition, an experiment with 4 combinations of N and S rates (N0S0, N0S1, N1S0, and N1S1) was arranged in containers using nutrient solutions in 2001. Under field conditions, additional N and S did not modify the duration of the different phenological stages or the Phy value and FLN. However, the stronger N and S deficiency in the experiments conducted in containers affected RLE. A higher S rate delayed the period Em–Ant by 65° degree-days under no N restrictions, mainly by a delay in the duration of terminal spikelet (TS)–Ant period. Phyllochron (Phy) changed with crop ontogeny (inflection point occurred on 7th leaf) and N and S did not affect the timing when Phy changed; however, a lower N supply increased Phy in earlier leaves without effect of S on this trait. Treatments without S or N deficiency achieved the highest maximum tiller number (MTN) and the greatest tiller mortality rate (TMR); however, tiller number at maturity was 76% higher in this treatment with respect to the rest of the treatments because of the MTN attained. The number of tillers per emerged leaf was significantly increased when plants were grown under high N supply. Under no N restrictions, additional S increased the number of tillers per emerged leaf by 24%.

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Santos, N. A., N. C. Teixeira, J. O. S. Valim, E. F. A. Almeida, M. G. A. Oliveira, and W. G. Campos. "Sulfur fertilization increases defense metabolites and nitrogen but decreases plant resistance against a host-specific insect." Bulletin of Entomological Research 108, no. 4 (October 24, 2017): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485317001018.

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AbstractWe tested the sulfur-modulated plant resistance hypothesis using potted cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) plants that were grown without and with increasing levels of sulfur fertilization. Changes in plant chemical traits were assessed and developmental performance of Plutella xylostella, a highly host-specific leaf-chewing insect, was followed. Leaf sulfur concentration gradually increased with growing addition of sulfur in soil; however, there was a generalized saturation response curve, with a plateau phase, for improvements in total leaf nitrogen, defense glucosinolates and insect performance. Plutella xylostella performed better in sulfur-fertilized cabbage probably because of the higher level of nitrogen, despite of the higher content of glucosinolates, which are toxic for many non-specialized insects. Despite the importance of sulfur in plant nutrition and production, especially for Brassica crops, our results showed that sulfur fertilization could decrease plant resistance against insects with high feeding specialization.

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8

Roa, Gustavo A., Eber Addí Quintana-Obregón, Mariela González-Renteria, and Dorivar A. Ruiz Diaz. "Increasing Wheat Protein and Yield through Sulfur Fertilization and Its Relationship with Nitrogen." Nitrogen 5, no. 3 (June 26, 2024): 553–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen5030037.

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Sulfur fertilization plays a crucial role in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production, influencing both protein concentration and grain yield. Wheat, being one of the most important food crops globally, requires efficient management of essential nutrients, including sulfur and nitrogen, to achieve optimal production. This study aimed to quantify the effect of sulfur fertilization on wheat protein concentration and grain yield and the relationship with nitrogen through two complementary methods: a comprehensive meta-analysis and a controlled greenhouse experiment. The meta-analysis, encompassing 55 studies from 20 countries with 545 comparisons, quantified the overall response of wheat to sulfur fertilization in diverse field environments, examining the effects based on soil texture and organic matter content. The greenhouse study investigated the effects of varying sulfur application rates and sources on protein concentration and grain yield and analyzed the relationship between sulfur and nitrogen concentrations in the grain. The meta-analysis showed overall positive effects of sulfur application on both protein concentration (2.1%) and grain yield (4.2%), with the magnitude of these effects varying based on soil texture and organic matter content. Sandy soils and soils with low organic matter content exhibited the most pronounced responses to sulfur fertilization. The greenhouse experiment revealed responses of both protein concentration and grain yield to increasing sulfur application rates, indicating an optimal rate beyond which additional sulfur may not provide further benefits. A strong positive correlation between sulfur and nitrogen concentrations in the grain highlighted their interdependence in wheat nutrition. These findings emphasize the importance of considering soil properties and the sulfur–nitrogen interaction when developing site-specific sulfur fertilization strategies for wheat. The results provide valuable insights for optimizing grain yield and protein concentration, contributing to more sustainable and efficient wheat production systems.

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AGAPIE, Alina Laura, Cristian BOSTAN, and Nicolae Marinel HORABLAGA. "THE SULFUR IMPORTANCE FOR HIGH QUALITATIV PRODUCTIONS AT WINTER WHEAT." LIFE SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 1, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.58509/lssd.v1i1.7.

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Wheat quality is a complex notion that involves more analysis parameters and the study of a large number of factors that act implicitly to determine it. Besides the genetic factor, mineral nutrition plays an important role in increasing the quality of the crops. Sulfur is an important element in plant nutrition, its absence causing similar damage to nitrogen deficiency. The experience was located at ARDS Lovrin, on a semicarbonatic chernozem, weakly-gleizated and weakly-alkalinised. The mobile P content in soil is 75.7 ppm, of mobile K is 205 ppm and the humus content is 3.47%. Four different agrofunds were studied, with the following graduations of experimental factors: N50, N50S20, N100 and N100S20. The aim of the paper is to highlight the importance of chemical sulfur fertilizers to increase the quality of wheat production. The analyzed parameters were: the percentage of protein, gluten, gliadin, glutenin and the accumulation of protein subunits with high and low molecular weight. Applying a dose of 20 kg/ha sulfur fertilizer active substance brings significant and very significant increases in the percentage of protein (2.8%) and gluten (6.5%), depending on the level of nitrogen fertilization used. The value of gluten proteins, gliadin and glutenin, expressed in g / 100 g flour, increases significantly when applying sulfur fertilizers. In conclusion, sulfur fertilizers, on the background of an adequate supply with nitrogen, help to achieve a balanced protein and gluten content and has a direct positive influence on gluten proteins content.

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10

López-Berenguer, Carmen, Micaela Carvajal, Cristina Garcéa-Viguera, and Carlos F. Alcaraz. "Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur Nutrition in Broccoli Plants Grown Under Salinity." Journal of Plant Nutrition 30, no. 11 (November 28, 2007): 1855–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904160701629062.

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Wooldridge, John M., Stuart L. Warren, and Frank A. Blazich. "Nitrogen Nutrition of Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis)." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 27, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-27.4.223.

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Abstract Containerized seedlings of eastern redbud were grown in a greenhouse for 10 weeks with nitrogen application rates (NARs) ranging from 0 to 300 mg·L−1. Seedlings fertilized with nitrogen (N) at 180 mg·L−1 had the greatest leaf area, leaf dry weight, and total plant dry weight. Plants allocated more resources to root growth at NARs < 60 mg·L−1. At NARs ≥ 60 mg·L−1, allocation of carbon to roots and tops was constant, with a root:top ratio of 0.25. Foliar concentrations of N, phosphorus, and sulfur increased linearly with increasing NAR while concentrations of potassium were not affected by NAR. Foliar concentrations of calcium and magnesium responded quadratically with minimum concentrations at 240 and 180 mg·L−1, respectively. Boron also responded quadratically with maximum concentrations predicted at a NAR of 175 mg·L−1. Concentrations of copper decreased linearly with increasing NAR. Foliar iron, manganese (Mn), and sodium were not significantly affected by NAR. Foliar Mn concentrations were generally low and approached critical levels. Based on observed growth and the concentrations of various mineral nutrients, we conclude that during the first season of growth containerized eastern redbud should be fertilized with N at 180 mg·L−1 per daily irrigation.

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12

Hou, Chunsheng, Linda J. Wykes, and L. John Hoffer. "Urinary Sulfur Excretion and the Nitrogen/Sulfur Balance Ratio Reveal Nonprotein Sulfur Amino Acid Retention in Piglets." Journal of Nutrition 133, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 766–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.3.766.

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Kopriva, Stanislav, Tanja Hartmann, Graziella Massaro, Petra H�nicke, and Heinz Rennenberg. "Regulation of sulfate assimilation by nitrogen and sulfur nutrition in poplar trees." Trees - Structure and Function 18, no. 3 (May 1, 2004): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-003-0309-4.

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14

Donato, Paulo E. R., Sérgio L. R. Donato, João A. Silva, Aureliano J. V. Pires, Raul C. C. Rosa, and Aureluci A. Aquino. "Nutrition and yield of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated with different spacings and organic fertilizer." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 20, no. 12 (December 2016): 1083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n12p1083-1088.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of macronutrients in cladodes and yield of cactus pear, cv. ‘Gigante’, cultivated with different cattle manure doses and plant spacings. The experimental design was randomized blocks in 4 x 3 factorial, with three replicates. The treatments consisted of the combination of four doses of cattle manure (0, 30, 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 year-1) with three spacings (1.00 x 0.50, 2.00 x 0.25 and 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m). The contents of macronutrients and dry matter production of cladodes were assessed 600 days after planting. The plant spacings influenced the contents of nitrogen, potassium, calcium and sulfur in the cladodes of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear and there was interaction between spacing and manure dose for magnesium contents. The increment in cattle manure doses increases the contents of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium and sulfur in the cladodes. The maximum dry matter production of cladodes is estimated at 21.8 Mg ha-1 year-1 at a dose of 71.8 Mg ha-1 year-1 of manure.

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15

Ingenbleek, Yves. "The Nutritional Relationship Linking Sulfur to Nitrogen in Living Organisms." Journal of Nutrition 136, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1641S—1651S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.6.1641s.

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Barney, PE, LP Bush, and TC Tso. "Physiology and Biochemistry of the Tobacco Plant. 2. Physiological Malfunctions: Mineral Nutrients - Physiologie und Biochemie der Tabakpflanze: 2. PhysiologischeStörungen: Mineralstoffe." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 14, no. 4 (February 1, 1989): 211–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0601.

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AbstractQuality tobacco leaf comes from plants grown with balanced mineral nutrition. The “structural nutrients” (carbon, hydrogen and oxygen) are approximately 90 % of the dry weight of cured leaf but are of little economic concern. The macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur) and the micronutrients (boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc) are of great economic concern and adequate amounts in the soil are essential for production of quality tobacco leaf. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium are mobile within the plant and deficiency symptoms are observed first in the lower leaves and later in the upper leaves. Deficiency symptoms of the immobile nutrients calcium, boron, manganese, sulfur and iron are observed first on the upper leaves or terminal bud. Of all the mineral nutrients nitrogen has the greatest effect on shoot and root weight. As available nitrogen increases leaf nicotine increases and reducing sugars decrease; thus the sugar:nicotine ratio decreases dramatically. There is a positive relationship between amount of reduced nitrogen and reduced sulfur in the plant and this interaction is important as most of the reduced nitrogen and sulfur are utilized in protein synthesis. Total uptake of potassium is greater than for any other mineral. Because of the immobility of calcium and boron, deficiency of these nutrients results in physiological decapitation (topping) and consequently increased nicotine content of leaves. Excessive amounts of nutrients can also produce some problems. Excessive nitrogen increases yield but it also increases the incidence of disease, delays flowering and leaf ripening, and lowers leaf quality. Excessive addition of lime causes a basic soil pH which increases disease incidence and limits availability of phosphorus, iron, manganese and zinc. Excessive chlorine increases the hygroscopic property of the leaf and reduces burn rate. Soil applied magnesium oxide may reduce potassium absorption and therefore reduce burn rate.

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Pandey, Shreyansh, Vikash Prasad Mishra, Deepak Kher, Anand Rao Azad, and Anil Prakash. "Effect of Nitrogen and Sulphur Levels on Growth Attributes and Yield of Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss] in Vindhya Plateau Region of Madhya Pradesh, India." Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology 23, no. 3 (February 5, 2024): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i3532.

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In the Rabi season of 2022, a field experiment was conducted in the Vindhya plateau region of Madhya Pradesh at the agricultural field of SAGE University Bhopal. The objective was to investigate the impact of nitrogen and sulfur nutrition on the growth and yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The experimental soil, characterized as sandy loam with a slightly alkaline pH, exhibited good drainage. Despite having a moderate amount of available phosphorus and potassium, the soil had low levels of organic carbon and nitrogen, with a low electrical conductivity of 1.65 dS/m (1:2, soil: water). The experiment comprised 27 nitrogen and sulfur treatment combinations in a split-plot design with three replications. The treatments included three nitrogen levels (100, 120, and 140 kg ha-1) and three sulfur levels (20, 40, and 60 kg ha-1). The mustard variety Giriraj was cultivated, and the study focused on evaluating the effects of these treatments on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake. Results indicated that various mustard crop attributes, such as plant height, number of green leaves-1, branches plant-1, siliqua plant-1, seeds siliqua-1, and 1000 seed weight, as well as yields (biological, seed, and oil yield), exhibited significant increases with rising nitrogen levels from 100 kg N ha-1 to 140 kg N ha-1. Similarly, applying 60 kg S ha-1 resulted in maximum plant height, number of green leaves, dry matter production, oil yield, and the highest net returns among sulfur levels. The combination of 140 kg N ha-1 and 60 kg S ha-1 proved to be cost-effective, leading to increased yields, net returns, and a higher B:C ratio compared to other nitrogen and sulfur levels. Therefore, this study recommends the application of 60 kg S ha-1 and 140 kg N ha-1 for enhancing mustard crop yields, net returns, and the benefit-cost ratio.

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Sorokopudov, Vladimir, Alla Kuklina, Alexey Sakhonenko, Olga Sorokopudova, and Nadezhda Nazaryuk. "Nutrition value of Viburnum L. (Adoxaceae) fruits." BIO Web of Conferences 40 (2021): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20214002007.

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The study of the chemical composition of fruits and seeds in some types of viburnum fruits and the identification of chemical elements localization in their various parts by the energy-dispersion analysis on an electronic ion-raster scanning microscope Quanta 200 3D are presented in this contribution. Elemental analysis of fruits and seeds of viburnum species allowed, for the first time, identifying 10 chemical elements in their composition, and these are oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, sodium, magnesium, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium and calcium. Different parts of fruits and seeds differ in the percentage of individual chemical elements in them.

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Meena, Dharmendra, Arjun Lal Bijarnia, Ratan Lal Sharma, and Gharsiram . "Influence of Nutrient Foliar Application on Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) under the Arid Condition of Western Rajasthan." Environment and Ecology 42, no. 4C (December 2024): 2063–68. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/cujh9293.

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Linseed, one of the oldest and most valuable plants, is cultivated for both oilseeds and fiber. Despite its significant nutritional and industrial importance, there has been little research on the impact of foliar nutrition and the timing of its application throughout the day on the plant’s morpho-physiological characteristics. Therefore, a two-year field experiment on linseed crop was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Keshwana, Jalore (Rajasthan) to study the effect of foliar application of Nitrogen, Sulfur, Boron, Zinc and a growth promoter-triacontanol on growth and yield attributes of linseed. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications and 12 treatments. These nutrients were applied individually (2% triacontanol, 2% urea, 0.2% boron , 0.5% zinc, 2% sulfur ) as well as in combination with each other like 2% triacontanol + 0.2% boron + 0.5% zinc, 2% triacontanol + 0.5% zinc + 2% sulfur, 2% triacontanol + 2% urea + 0.5% zinc, 2% triacontanol + 2% urea + 0.2% boron, 2% triacontanol + 2% urea + 2% sulfur, 2% triacontanol + 2% urea + 0.2% boron + 0.5% zinc + 2% sulfur. The results revealed that the plant height (cm), Branches per plant, Dry matter accumulation, Capsules per plant and seed yield were reported maximum under foliar application of 2% triacontanol + 2% urea + 0.2% boron + 0.5% zinc + 2% sulfur over the control during the investigation. It has been concluded that foliar application of growth hormones and nutrients were enhance the growth parameters and yield attributes of linseed resulted higher seed yield.

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Silveira, Cristiane Prezotto, Daniela Alves de Oliveira, Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva, and Francisco Antonio Monteiro. "Two years of nitrogen and sulfur fertilizations in a signal grass pasture under degradation: changes in the root system." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 40, no. 6 (June 2011): 1195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982011000600006.

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The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of combinations of nitrogen and sulfur rates in degraded signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) pasture on their productive, morphological and nutritional attributes in the root system at four soil depths. The pasture used in the experiment was established over eight years ago in Entisol. Five nitrogen rates (0; 150; 300; 450 and 600 kg/ha/year) and five sulfur rates (0; 15; 30; 45 and 60 kg/ha/year) were combined in a fractionated factorial in a randomized block design, with three replications. Nitrogen was supplied as ammonium nitrate and sulfur as gypsum, and the rates were split into three times in the rainy season. The evaluations occurred at intervals of 35 days during the rainy season and 56 days in the dry season, in two consecutive years. Roots were collected with a 4-cm diameter auger at 0-10; 10-20; 20-30 and 30-40 cm soil depths. It was determined root dry matter, length and surface of the root system and nitrogen and sulfur concentrations in roots. Nitrogen rates applied in two consecutive years in the pasture affected dry mass, length, surface and nitrogen concentration in signal grass root system. Rates of sulfur by themselves or combined with nitrogen rates do not affect attributes of root system.

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Muldoon, DK. "Summer forages under irrigation. 2. Forage composition." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 2 (1985): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850402.

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Summer forages, including Sorghum bicolor hybrids, S. sudanense, S. bicolor x S. sudanense hybrids, perennial sorghum, maize and Pennisetum and Echinochloa millets, were grown on an alkaline clay soil at Trangie, New South Wales. Primary growth was sampled every 3 weeks and the plant components analysed for nitrogen, sulfur, sodium and in vitro dry matter digestibility. Whole plants were analysed for calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and chloride content. Fresh leaf samples were analysed for potential hydrocyanic acid (HCN) yield. The quality attributes were regressed on time in order to describe accurately the quality of a forage at different times in its growth. Sorghum species, particularly the sweet sorghum hybrids and perennial sorghum, had high HCN potentials (0.15 and 0.14, respectively, at 8 weeks). They had low contents of sulfur, especially in the stem fraction and this decreased with time. Hence the nitrogen:sulfur ratio was always marginally high or, in sweet sorghum hybrids and perennial sorghum, above the recommended optimum of 15:1 for animal nutrition. Furthermore, they were deficient in sodium, particularly in the leaf fraction, while digestibility decreased rapidly with age. Nevertheless, Piper Sudangrass had a low HCN potential, which would allow it to be grazed early when digestibility was high (70% at 7 weeks). Maize had a negligible HCN potential, a nitrogen: sulfur ratio consistently below 15: 1 and a sodium content intermediate between sorghum and millet species. Millets had a negligible HCN potential and high sodium content, particularly Echinochloa utilis. This species also had a high sulfur content and hence very low nitrogen: sulfur ratio; it is recommended for early grazing to obtain high quality forage.

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Lea-Cox, John D., and Irwin E. Smith. "NITROGEN NUTRITION OF CITRUS NURSERY STOCK IN PINE BARK SUBSTRATES." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1161f—1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1161f.

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Pine bark is utilized as a substrate in citrus nurseries in South Africa. The Nitrogen (N) content of pine bark is inherently low, and due to the volubility of N, must be supplied on a continual basis to ensure optimum growth rates of young citrus nursery stock. Three citrus rootstock (rough lemon, carrizo citrange and cleopatra mandarin) showed no difference in stem diameter or total dry mass (TDM) when supplied N at concentrations between 25 and 200 mg ·l-1 N in the nutrient solution over a 12 month growing period. Free leaf arginine increased when N was supplied at 400 mg·l-1 N. The form of N affected the growth of rough lemon. High NH4-N:NO3-N (75:25) ratios decreased TDM when Sulfur (S) was absent from the nutrient solution, but not if S was present. Free arginine increased in leaves at high NH4-N (No S) ratios, but not at high NH4-N (S supplied) ratios. Free leaf arginine was correlated with free leaf ammonia. These results have important implications for reducing the concentration of N in nutrient solutions used in citrus nurseries and may indicate that higher NH4-N ratios can be used when adequate S is also supplied.

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Lachance, Marc-André, Ana Pupovac-Velikonja, Sabrina Natarajan, and Birgit Schlag-Edler. "Nutrition and phylogeny of predacious yeasts." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w00-021.

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Yeast predation was studied with respect to the range of its distribution among ascomycetous yeasts, the range of yeast species that can be affected, and nutritional aspects of the phenomenon. The yeasts identified as predators belong to the Saccharomycopsis clade as defined on the basis of rDNA sequence relatedness. The 11 recognized species in the clade, plus three undescribed but related Candida species, were shown to be incapable of utilizing sulfate as sole source of sulfur, and all but two (Saccharomycopsis capsularis andSaccharomycopsis vini) were observed to penetrate and kill other yeasts under some conditions. Other unrelated sulfate transport-deficient yeasts (strains in the genera Pichia and Candida and the two known species of Starmera) are not predacious. The predacious species vary considerably as to the optimal environmental conditions that favour predation. Some are inhibited by the presence of rich nitrogenous nutrients, organic sulfur compounds, or higher concentrations of ammonium nitrogen, whereas other species may be stimulated under the same conditions. An attempt was made to correlate prey susceptibility to the excretion of substances that stimulate the growth of predators, but no correlation was detected between the two phenomena. The range of susceptible prey covers both ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, and includes Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which was previously thought to be immune. The achlorophyllous alga Prototheca zopfii is not killed by predacious yeasts, but the initial steps of penetration have been observed in some cases. Predacious species attack other predacious species, and in some cases, young cultures may penetrate older cultures of the same strain.Key words: predacious yeasts, sulfate transport deficiency, Saccharomycopsis.

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Kaur, Jashandeep, Larry J. Cihacek, and Amitava Chatterjee. "Estimation of nitrogen and sulfur mineralization in soils amended with crop residues contributing to nitrogen and sulfur nutrition of crops in the North Central U.S." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 49, no. 18 (July 30, 2018): 2256–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2018.1499761.

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Lee, B. R., S. Muneer, W. J. Jung, J. C. Avice, A. Ourry, and T. H. Kim. "Partitioning of Newly Absorbed and Previously Stored Nitrogen and Sulfur Under Sulfate Deficient Nutrition." Journal of Plant Nutrition 37, no. 10 (June 18, 2014): 1702–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2014.889148.

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26

Fattahi, Mostafa, Mohsen Janmohammadi, and Naser Sabaghnia. "Investigating the Synergistic Effects of Using Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilizers on the Growth of Safflower (<i>Carthamus tinctorius</i> L.)." Annals of Arid Zone 63, no. 3 (September 30, 2024): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/aaz.v63i3.149793.

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Nutrient imbalance is one of the prevalent problems in the semi-arid region. The study aimed to investigate the effects of sole and simultaneous application of nitrogen and sulfur on safflower yield in a semi-arid region. A field trial was designed to explore the combined use of sulfur (S0: control, S1 and S2: 25 and 50 kg ha-1 S via sulfur phosphate composites, S3 and S4=: 25 and 50 kg ha-1 of S via elemental sulfur, S5 and S6: 25 and 50 kg ha-1 of S via zinc sulfate) and nitrogen (0, 40 and 80 kg ha-1) on the growth and seed production of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in a west of Iran with mesic active calcixerepts soil that had medium to low fertility. The utilization of large amounts of nitrogen greatly increased the height of the first pod from the ground surface (P ≤ 0.05), and the highest amount was recorded in S 6+ N80 conditions (65%). Leaf chlorophyll content was significantly affected by nitrogen consumption (P ≤ 0.01) and the highest chlorophyll was recorded in S4, S5, and S6 treatments having high levels of nitrogen. A similar trend was observed for the canopy width and the application of nitrogen, zinc sulfate, and elemental sulfur could increase this component by 33%. The highest number of heads was achieved with the use of S5 + N80 and S2 + N80, which was 15% more compared to the control. The application S2 + N80 increased seed number in capitulum by 25% over the control. The application of S along with high levels of nitrogen improved the seed yield by 45% (1334 ± 78.35 kg ha-1). However, only the application of sulfur could improve the harvest index (P ≤ 0.05). The results indicated that applying moderate to high amounts of zinc sulfate and elemental sulfur, in combination with N80, enhanced safflower growth characteristics and improved seed yield components, likely due to synergistic interactions between the elements. Altogether the use of zinc sulfate or elemental sulfur as a logical and effective management solution can increase the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and improve nutritional balance.

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Diósi, Gerda, and Péter Sipos. "Effect of divided nitrogen and sulfur fertilization on the quality of winter wheat." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 67 (February 3, 2016): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/67/1748.

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The ecological characteristics and agro-ecological conditions in Hungary provide opportunities for quality wheat production. For the successful wheat production besides the favorable conditions; the proper use of expertise and appropriate cultivation techniques are not negligible. Successful cultivation affected by many factors. To some extent we can affect, influence and convert the abiotic factors. Today, a particularly topical issue is the question of nutrition and that the species’ genetic code can be validated using the appropriate quantity and quality fertilizer. Beyond determining the fertilizer requirements of the winter wheat it is important to align the nutrient to the plant’s nutrient uptake dynamics and to ensure its shared dispensing. In any case, it is important to note the use of autumnal base-fertilizer as complex fertilizer. Hereafter sharing the fertilizer during the growing season with the recommended adequate nitrogen dose.The first top dressing of winter wheat in early spring (the time of tillering) can be made, the second top dressing at the time of stem elongation, and the third top dressing at the end of the blooming can be justified. Determining the rate of fertilizer application depends on the habitat conditions and the specific nutrient needs of plants. In autumn the 1/3 of the planned amount of basic fertilizer should be dispensed (in case of N). During setting our experiment we used 3 doses (0 kg ha-1 N-1 active ingredient; 90 kg ha-1 N-1 active ingredients and 150 kg ha-1 N-1 active ingredient). Application dates beyond the autumn basic fertilization are the following: in one pass in early spring, divided in early spring and the time of run up, early spring and late flowering. In addition to nitrogen the replacement of sulfur gets a prominent role as a result of decreased atmospheric inputs. The proper sulfur supply mainly affects the quality parameters. It influences positively the wheat flour’s measure of value characteristics (gluten properties, volume of bread, dough rheology. In terms of nitrogen doses; the larger amounts (150 kg ha-1 N-1 drug), is the proposed distributed application, while in the case of lower nitrogen (90 kg ha-1 N-1 drug) in a single pass in the early spring can achieve better results. After using sulfur the quality values among the nutritional parameters that can be associated with gluten properties took up higher values than the samples not treated with sulfur.

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Cochran, P. H. "Growth Rates after Fertilizing Lodgepole Pine." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 4, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/4.1.18.

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Abstract Heavy application rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) to thinned lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) produced responses in volume increment directly related to increased tree nutrition that lasted no more than 8 years. An indirect response in volume increment, resulting from increased levels of stocking after fertilization, continued for a longer period. Resulting increases in yields probably cannot economically justify operational fertilizing in similar stands. West. J. Appl. For. 4(1):18-20, January 1989.

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Kruse, J., S. Kopriva, R. Hänsch, G. J. Krauss, R. R. Mendel, and H. Rennenberg. "Interaction of Sulfur and Nitrogen Nutrition in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Plants: Significance of Nitrogen Source and Root Nitrate Reductase." Plant Biology 9, no. 5 (September 2007): 638–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-965434.

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JAVAID, Komal, Athar MAHMOOD, Hussam F. NAJEEB ALAWADI, Muhammad SAAD ULLAH, Mahmoud F. SELEIMAN, Muaz AMEEN, Ansa ASGHAR, and Nawab ALI. "Synergic effect of sulfur and nitrogen on morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of sunflower." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 52, no. 2 (June 25, 2024): 13584. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha52213584.

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Macronutrients are essential for plant growth and development because they give plants the building blocks, they need to stay healthy and do important biological processes. A completely randomized designed (CRD) pot experiment was done to find out how nitrogen and sulfur affected the morphology and biochemistry of sunflowers. There were three replicates of each treatment: N1 (0), N2 20 kg ha-1 and N3 40 kg ha-1 and sulfur S1 (0), S2 40 kg ha-1 and S3 60 kg ha-1. Sunflower growth and physiology were improved by exogenously applied sulfur and nitrogen to the plant. Root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, plant height, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, total soluble protein, and shoot calcium, potassium, and sodium ions contents all went up compared to the control conditions. Furthermore, sulfur and nitrogen have positive impacts on sunflowers' growth, ionic parameters and there was increase for anthocyanin (24.98%. and 36.66%), ascorbic acid (43.17% and 97.88%), and flavonoid (34.56%. and 112.91%) amounts with the highest levels at 60 kg ha-1 of S and 40 kg ha-1 of N, respectively. There was significant increase in photosynthetic pigments on application of Sulphur (Chl a. :19.15%, Chl b. 52.17%) and Nitrogen (chla. 20.53%, Chl b. 57.16%). Thus, applying sulfur and nitrogen externally to the plant is suggested to boost sunflower growth and chlorophyll levels at different nutritional levels.

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Sugiyama, Ryosuke, Rui Li, Ayuko Kuwahara, Ryo Nakabayashi, Naoyuki Sotta, Tetsuya Mori, Takehiro Ito, et al. "Retrograde sulfur flow from glucosinolates to cysteine in Arabidopsis thaliana." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 22 (May 25, 2021): e2017890118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2017890118.

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Specialized (secondary) metabolic pathways in plants have long been considered one-way routes of leading primary metabolite precursors to bioactive end products. Conversely, endogenous degradation of such “end” products in plant tissues has been observed following environmental stimuli, including nutrition stress. Therefore, it is of general interest whether specialized metabolites can be reintegrated into primary metabolism to recover the invested resources, especially in the case of nitrogen- or sulfur-rich compounds. Here, we demonstrate that endogenous glucosinolates (GLs), a class of sulfur-rich plant metabolites, are exploited as a sulfur source by the reallocation of sulfur atoms to primary metabolites such as cysteine in Arabidopsis thaliana. Tracer experiments using 34S- or deuterium-labeled GLs depicted the catabolic processing of GL breakdown products in which sulfur is mobilized from the thioglucoside group in GL molecules, potentially accompanied by the release of the sulfate group. Moreover, we reveal that beta-glucosidases BGLU28 and BGLU30 are the major myrosinases that initiate sulfur reallocation by hydrolyzing particular GL species, conferring sulfur deficiency tolerance in A. thaliana, especially during early development. The results delineate the physiological function of GL as a sulfur reservoir, in addition to their well-known functions as defense chemicals. Overall, our findings demonstrate the bidirectional interaction between primary and specialized metabolism, which enhances our understanding of the underlying metabolic mechanisms via which plants adapt to their environments.

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Teuber, Osvaldo, Dulan Samarappuli, and Marisol Berti. "Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilization in Kale and Swede for Grazing." Agronomy 10, no. 5 (April 27, 2020): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050619.

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Species in the Brassicaceae family, hence forth brassicas, such as forage kale [Brassica. oleracea L. convar acephala (DC)], swede (B. napus L. var. napobrassica), turnip [Brassica rapa L. var. rapa (L.) Thell], and hybrids (B. rapa L. × B. pekinensis L. or B. rapa L. × B. oleracea L.), have become an important source of forage for grazing worldwide. One of the limitations of forage brassicas is the relatively higher water content and low forage yield in rain-fed environments. The objective of this study was to determine swede and kale forage yield and nutritive value response to various nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) fertilization rates. The study was conducted at two experimental field sites in North Dakota in 2012 and 2014. Kale cv. Maris Kestrel and swede cv. Major Plus and five N rates (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg N ha−1) and two rates of S (0 and 40 kg S ha−1) were evaluated. Swede total forage yield was greater than kale across all nitrogen and sulfur rates. Compared with no N fertilization, N fertilization increased total leaf and root/stems yield and nitrogen accumulation in leaves, roots, and stems. Sulfur did not affect forage yield. Forage nutritive value was greater in swede than kale due to a higher proportion of edible root compared with kale’s higher proportion of fibrous stems. Nitrogen and sulfur interacted with some forage nutritive components. This study results suggest that growers will benefit from greater forage yield in kale and swede if they fertilize with N up to 200 kg N ha−1. Forage yield and nutritive value of swede and kale in the northern Great Plains are novel results, since these crops are not grown for forage and represent an interesting and valuable new alternative for beef cattle growers.

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Akter, Suma, Md Harunor Rashid Khan, and Mithun Kumar Saha. "Mineral nutrition of rice and post-harvest soils influenced by self-made organic composts." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 58, no. 2 (June 22, 2023): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v58i2.64570.

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Using self-made organic composts i.e., rice hull compost (RHC), rice straw compost (RSC), sawdust compost (SDC), and Vermicompost (V) an experiment was conducted to evaluate their responses on mineral nutrition of rice and post-harvest soils under field condition. The total nitrogen contents among the treatments ranged from 9.6 - 21.4, phosphorus: 1.1 – 4.42, potassium: 3.86 - 7.27, sulfur: 11.9 – 19.7, calcium: 3.30 – 11.87 and magnesium: 2.76 – 5.54 g kg-1 at the maturity stage of rice plants which were found to be positively influenced by the applied organic composts. The nutrient status of the post-harvest soils was also influenced by the applied organic composts. The maximum amount of 78.29 mg kg-1 available N was recorded in the T3 treatment, where available nitrogen content increased by 85.65% as compared to the control plot. There were significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases in other nutrient contents with the increased doses of the composts under rice production. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 58(2), 99-106, 2023

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Takahashi, Shunji, Wai-Cheung Yip, Toshiko Matsugami, and Goro Tamura. "Effect of sulfur and nitrogen nutrition on derepression of ferredoxin-sulfite reductase in leek seedlings." Journal of Plant Research 109, no. 4 (December 1996): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02344550.

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Muldoon, DK. "Nutrition of irrigated crops on an alkaline brown clay soil at Trangie, New South Wales. 1. Lucerne." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 4 (1986): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860445.

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The elements nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and zinc were sequentially omitted from a 'complete' fertiliser applied to plots on an alkaline soil, and lucerne (Medicago sativa) was sown immediately afterwards. The dry matter production of lucerne was measured in repeated cuts over 2 years; its mineral composition was determined periodically. In a second experiment 4 rates of phosphorus were applied to a l -year-old stand of lucerne and dry matter production recorded for 1 year. Lucerne yields in the first year were reduced from 17-1 8 t/ha to less than 14 t/ha by omitting phosphorus. Yields universally decreased in the second year as the 50 kg/ha P applied at sowing was depleted through the removal of 40 kg/ha P in forage. Following this depletion a linear yield response up to 80 kg/ha P was found (experiment 2). Omitting phosphorus fertiliser reduced the plant phosphorus concentration from 0.23 to 0.21% when sampled 15 months after sowing. The plant phosphorus concentration decreased with time in all treatments. The available soil phosphorus level decreased from an initial 12 to 6-7 �g/g after 6 months and further to 2 �g/g after 30 months. Fertiliser phosphorus raised the soil phosphorus level but this also was depleted to 2-3 �g/g in 30 months. Omitting zinc reduced the plant zinc concentration. However, neither the omission of nitrogen, potassium, sulfur nor zinc from the fertiliser had any effect on lucerne yields.

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Massalimov, Ismail A., Anvar Kh Shakirzyanov, and Burkhan I. Massalimov. "EFFECT OF FOLIAR TREATMENT WITH SULFUR NANOPARTICLES ON WHEAT YIELD." Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture 16, no. 1 (February 29, 2024): 119–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2024-16-1-716.

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Background. The problem of mineral deficiency is solved by introducing the main types of fertilizers into the soil: nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. But at present, it is firmly established that sulfur is another most demanded macronutrient - an important element of plant nutrition, which improves the absorption of nitrogen compounds by agricultural crops and ensures its high quality. The article presents the results of pre-sowing and foliar treatment with sulfur nanoparticles on the yield and grain quality of soft spring wheat at various stages of growth. Purpose. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of presowing and foliar treatment with sulfur nanoparticles on the yield and grain quality of soft spring wheat of the Ekada variety at various stages of growth. Materials and methods. As a source of sulfur nanoparticles, a preparation based on calcium polysulfide was used, which, diluted to a concentration of 2%, leads to obtaining sulfur hydrosol. The sulfur particle sizes were determined using a laser particle size analyzer and a probe microscope, and the X-ray phase analysis was carried out on a diffractometer. We used soft spring wheat "Ekada 70", the characteristics of which were determined using laboratory and field experiments, which were carried out according to a completely randomized block scheme with three repetitions. Results. It was found that the treatment of wheat with sulfur nanoparticles at all stages of growth led to an improvement in the main indicators of wheat, including a higher yield and an increase in the protein content in wheat grain. Conclusion. Laboratory and field tests have shown that the treatment of soft wheat with a calcium polysulfide preparation has a positive effect on all key characteristics, from germination and number of productive stems to yield and protein content. The drug can be recommended for use as an environmentally friendly product that stimulates plant growth and increases the yield and quality of wheat.

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Guimarães, Claudiney do Couto, Dione Richer Momolli, Mauro Valdir Schumacher, Aline Aparecida Ludvichak, Huan Pablo de Souza, José Mateus Wisniewski Gonsalves, and Angélica Costa Malheiros. "Silvicultural Implications in Hibrid of Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake × Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden Stand." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 14 (August 31, 2019): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n14p273.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the silvicultural implications in a Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake × Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden (Eucalyptus urograndis) stand 4.5 years-old, located in Alegrete - RS. The trees were fractionated in the following components: root, wood, bark, branches and leaves for later estimation of nutrient content and stock. An inventory was made for the dendrometric characterization of the stand. The nutrient concentration and stock in each component were evaluated. The nutrient removal was estimated considering three biomass harvesting scenarios: wood with bark + canopy, wood with bark and wood only. The nutritional balance and the number of rotations (4.5 years) of production were determined, considering the nutrient stock in the soil, the inputs through precipitation + mineral fertilization and the outputs from the biomass harvest. The risk of yield limitation among the nutrients considering the harvest of biomass showed the following pattern: Wood with bark + canopy: Sulfur ~ Potassium > Nitrogen > Calcium > Magnesium; Wood with bark: Sulfur > Potassium > Calcium > Nitrogen > Magnesium; Wood: Sulfur > Potassium > Nitrogen > Magnesium > Calcium. Phosphorus showed a tendency of nutritional sustainability in the three harvest scenarios evaluated.

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Sunarpi and J. W. Anderson. "Effect of Nitrogen Nutrition on Remobilization of Protein Sulfur in the Leaves of Vegetative Soybean and Associated Changes in Soluble Sulfur Metabolites." Plant Physiology 115, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 1671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.115.4.1671.

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Bethers, Suzanne, Michael E. Day, G. Bruce Wiersma, Ivan J. Fernandez, and J. Alexander Elvir. "Effects of chronically elevated nitrogen and sulfur deposition on sugar maple saplings: Nutrition, growth and physiology." Forest Ecology and Management 258, no. 5 (August 2009): 895–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.03.024.

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Lemes, Rodrigo Luis, Cecilio Viega Soares Filho, Manoel Garcia Neto, and Reges Heinrichs. "Biofertilizante na qualidade nutricional da alfafa (Medicago sativa L.)." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 3 (June 22, 2016): 1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n3p1441.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the nutritional composition to the application of biofertilizers. The experiment was conducted with increasing doses of biofertilizers in a greenhouse at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / UNESP, Araçatuba - Sao Paulo, Brazil, from April to October 2010. The experimental design was completely randomized with six biofertilizer doses from cattle manure (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 m3 ha-1) and five replications. Cuts were performed, on average, every 27 days, 10 cm above the ground when 10% of the plants were flowering. Biofertilization had a positive significant impact on foliar nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and shoot iron concentrations. The values of crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber did not differ between doses of biofertilizers. Biofertilization is a viable alternative for nutrition of this species, showing positive results in the nutritional composition of alfalfa. However, but long-term studies are necessary to assess the environmental impact of these fertilizers.

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Slameto, Slameto, Kacung Hariyono, Danil Eka Fahrudin, Nak-Young Baek, Cheol-Woo Shin, Dong-Kyu Lee, and Woo-Won Kang. "The effect of nitrogen, sulfur and silicate fertilizer application on growth, yield, and biochemical content of vegetable soybean pod (Glycine max L. Merr.)." February 2024, no. 18(02):2024 (February 1, 2024): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.02.pne-25.

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Optimized fertilizer management, focusing on nitrogen, sulfur, and silica, plays a crucial role in agriculture production. This study aimed to investigate the effects of administering sulfur and silica on the growth, production yield, and biochemical contents of vegetable soybean. The investigation was conducted in factorial randomized block design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the nitrogen (46% N) fertilizer dosage (N1 = 50 kg/ha and N2 = 100 kg/ha), while the second variable was the dosage with the following sulfur-silica soluble compound (2.3% S – 10% Si) fertilizer ratios (P0 = 0 ml/L (control), P1 = 1 ml/L (23 mg/L S and 100 mg/L Si), P2 = 1.33 ml/L (30,7 mg/L S and 133 mg/L Si), and P3 = 2 ml/L (46 mg/L S and 200 mg/L Si). The results indicated that applying 2 ml/L S-Si fertilizer along with 100 kg/ha of nitrogen can lead to the most favorable results in number of branches, number of leaves, number of pods, pod weight per plant, weight of 100 seeds and plant biomass weight. The fertilizer dose comprising of 50 kg/ha of N and 9.2-40 mg/plant of S-Si clearly demonstrated the highest protein content, measuring 110.6 mg/g. S-Si fertilizer dosages, exhibiting a linear escalation in the 11S/7S globulin ratio within vegetable soybean seeds. The peak 11S/7S ratio was observed in the treatment of 100 kg/ha of N - 2 ml/L of S-Si. The study results indicate that a combination of nitrogen fertilizer and sulfur-silicon yields the best vegetable soybean pod yield, improving soybean protein nutritional quality. Therefore, sulfur and silica treatments should be standardized in vegetable soybean management

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Polovyi, V., L. Yashchenko, and H. Rovna. "Removal of nutrients by corn depending on fertilization and liming in Western Polissia." Agrobìologìâ, no. 2(167) (December 9, 2021): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2021-167-2-116-123.

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The article presents the results of liming and fertilization inﬂuence on the content and removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by maize on sod-podzolic sandy soil of Western Polissia. It was determined that the content of the main nutrients varied within 1.63–1.90 and 0.77–0.86 % for nitrogen, 0.51–0.59 and 0.32–0.41 % for phosphorus, 0.31–0.45 and 1.24–1.32 % for potassium respectively in the main and by-products. The highest accumulation NPK data were noted in the variant with application a 1.0 dose by hydrolytic acidity (Ha) of dolomite ﬂour and N120P90K120 with addition of S40 and micronutrient fertilizer Nutrivant Plus Cereals (2 kg/ha). The total uptake of elements mainly depended on the combination of fertilizer components and liming doses. The maximum removal data were established for variants with a 1.0 dose by Ha of dolomite ﬂour, norms of mineral fertilizers N120P90K120 and the addition of S40, as well as S40 and micronutrients fertilizer Nutrivant Plus Cereals (2 kg/ha). These data 1.8–2.3 times for the main product and 2.0–2.3 times for by-products exceeded the control. A more stable indicator that will make it possible to adjust the crop nutrition system is the removal of nutrients per unit of the main and the corresponding amount of by-products. It was found that with liming and fertilization, the consumption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by corn plants and the normative removal rate increase. In the experiment, high values of removal of 33.5 and 32.6 kg/t of nitrogen, 12.3 and 12.4 kg/t of phosphorus, 26.9 and 24.1 kg/t of potassium were obtained with the integrated application a 1.0 Ha dose by Ha of dolomite ﬂour, N120P90K120 with the addition of sulfur, as well as sulfur and trace elements. Key words: corn, liming, fertilizers, productivity, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, elements content, nutrients removal.

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43

Norden, Daniel S., Stuart L. Warren, Frank A. Blazich, and David L. Nash. "Nitrogen Nutrition of Southern Seaoats (Uniola paniculata) Grown in the Float System." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-26.2.80.

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Abstract Seeds of southern seaoats (Uniola paniculata L.) were removed from storage in July 2004, surface disinfested with 2.6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 15 min, and sown in styrofoam tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) float trays (flats) filled with a vermiculite-based hydroponic substrate. Trays were floated in plastic tubs (one tray per tub) containing a complete nutrient solution with nitrogen (N) at 10, 60, 120, 180, or 240 mg·L−1 (ppm) from a 2N–3.5P–1K ratio (8N–32P2O5–5K2O) liquid slow-release fertilizer. After 10 weeks the study was terminated and data recorded. Total plant, top, leaf, stem, and root dry weights increased quadratically with increasing nitrogen application rate (NAR) with maximum dry weights calculated to occur with N at 140 to 150 mg-L−1, respectively. Other growth indexes of leaf area, root length, root area, plant height, crown growth index, tiller number, and leaf number also increased quadratically with increasing NAR similar to dry weight data. Leaf area, root length, and root area were maximized with N at 157, 140, and 140 mg-L−1, respectively. Root to top ratio and specific leaf area were both unaffected by NAR. Leaf mineral nutrient concentrations of N and phosphorus responded quadratically with increasing NAR whereas, foliar mineral nutrient concentrations of potassium, calcium, sulfur, sodium (Na), manganese, zinc, and copper responded linearly to increasing NARs. With the exception of Na and iron, foliar nutrient content for all analyzed nutrients increased quadratically with increasing NAR. Calculated leaf N concentration at maximum top dry weight was 31 mg·g−1. Southern seaoats can be grown successfully using the float system with optimum N rates of 140 to 150 mg·L−1 provided by a fertilizer having a 2N–3.5P–1K ratio.

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44

Ingenbleek, Yves, and Vernon R. Young. "The essentiality of sulfur is closely related to nitrogen metabolism: a clue to hyperhomocysteinaemia." Nutrition Research Reviews 17, no. 2 (December 2004): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/nrr200489.

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AbstractN and S metabolisms are closely interwoven throughout both the plant and animal kingdoms. The essentiality of S relates to its participation in the structure of S-containing amino acids (SAA), to its inclusion in many sulfonated molecules, and to a myriad of metabolic and catalytic reactions of vital importance. Methionine (Met) is the indispensable SAA supplied by food proteins and its plasma homeostasis is achieved via a number of highly efficient regulatory mechanisms. In all conditions characterised by a negative body protein balance such as in dietary restriction or cytokine-induced hypercatabolic losses, N and S endogenous pools manifest parallel tissue depletion rates. Adaptive conservation of N and S body stores is reached by a functional restraint of the trans-sulfuration cascade, through the depression of cystathionine β-synthase activity. As a result, upstream accumulation of homocysteine favours its re-methylation conversion to Met which helps maintain metabolic pathways of survival value. In addition to the measurement of vitamin indices, that of plasma transthyretin, a sensitive marker of protein nutritional status, is proposed to identify the fluctuations of the total body N component accountable for the alterations of homocysteine concentrations in body fluids.

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45

Benjamin, Linda E., and Robert D. Steele. "The Effect of Dietary Protein on Nitrogen and Sulfur Metabolism in Portacaval-Shunted Rats." Journal of Nutrition 116, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/116.1.59.

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46

Rodrigues Padovan, João Vitor, Gabriel Banos Rodrigues, Alan Dos Santos Cardoso, Hiago Augusto Amaral Sacco, João Leonardo Miranda Bellotte, Eduardo Leal Oliveira Camargo, and Lucas Aparecido Manzani Lisboa. "APPLICATION OF AGRICULTURAL GYPSUM ASSOCIATED WITH NITROGEN FERTILIZATION: AN APPROACH TO THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN PASTURE AND SOIL." AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 6 (December 5, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36725/agries.v6i0.3591.

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Brazilian soil presents serious problems with plant production, due to its low fertility and high acidity content, besides that the toxicity caused by the chemical element aluminum. To overcome these problems, agricultural gypsum is used to neutralize the action of aluminum and, together with the assistance of nitrogen sources, ensures greater forage productivity. The objective of this work was to recover a pasture area with the application of agricultural gypsum associated with nitrogen fertilization. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replications, in a 2x4 factorial scheme with 50 kg ha-1 of N in the form of ammonium nitrate and 50 kg ha-1 of N in the form of urea, plus four doses of agricultural plaster, of which: 0; 750; 1500 and 3000 kg ha-1 in pasture installed in Urochloa humidicola. The dose of 1884 kg ha-1 of gypsum provided the highest concentration of calcium when applied in conjunction with ammonium nitrate. For sulfur, a linear response was observed, regardless of the nitrogen source used. The use of urea significantly increased the nitrogen levels in the leaves. The application of gypsum, regardless of the nitrogen source, provided a linear response in the calcium and sulfur levels in the leaves.

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47

Rosado, Sulianne Idalior Paião, José Zilton Lopes Santos, Ives San Diego Amaral Saraiva, Nonato Junior Ribeiro dos Santos, Tainah Manuela Benlolo Barbosa, and Josinaldo Lopes Araujo. "Nitrate/Ammonium Ratios and Nitrogen Deficiency Impact on Nutrient Absorption and Photosynthetic Efficiency of Cedrela odorata." Nitrogen 5, no. 1 (December 25, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen5010001.

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Nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) are the primary forms of nitrogen (N) taken up by plants and can exhibit different effects on plant nutrition, photosynthesis, and growth. The objective was to investigate the influence of nitrate/ammonium proportions (%) on the nutritional status, photosynthetic parameters, and the development of Cedrela odorata seedlings after 150 days of cultivation. We tested six nitrate/ammonium ratios (100/0; 80/20; 60/40; 40/60; 20/80; and 0/100 of NO3− and NH4+, respectively), plus a control treatment (without N supply). Based on the results, the species responds to the supply of N; however, the NO3− and NH4+ proportions did not show any significant effect on plant growth. The deficiency of nitrogen (N) in Cedrela odorata decreases the photosynthetic rate, nutrient absorption, and initial growth of this species. Increasing the proportion of N in the form of nitrate inhibited the absorption of S (sulfur) but did not interfere with the accumulation of N, Ca (calcium), Mg (magnesium), Mn (manganese), Zn (zinc), B (boron), and Cu (copper). Cedrela odorata apparently does not distinguish between nitrate and ammonium in the N absorption process, since the proportions between these forms of N did not affect its photosynthetic rate, nutrient accumulation, or growth.

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48

Komariah, Husnan, Mujiyo, and Suryono. "The accuracy of PlanetScope imagery to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur nutrition estimation in terraced paddy field." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 11, no. 1 (July 2, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v11i1.54460.

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This study aims to find out the accuracy of PlanetScope imagery in analyzing the total content of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and Sulfur (S) in terrace paddy field. The area for this research is terraced paddy fields in Wonosari Sub-district, Gondangrejo District, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Aerial photo analysis from PlanetScope (www.planet.com) was conducted at the Pedology Laboratory and Soil Survey, while soil sample analysis was carried out at the Laboratory of Chemistry and Soil Fertility, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University (UNS). The preparation aerial photo analysis from PlanetScope was carried out in September 2019. Soil sampling, laboratory analysis, and data analysis were carried out from September 2019 to January 2020. There are 3 Citra PlanetScope bands that have a significant effect on the elements being studied. Those three bands are band 1 (red), band 3 (blue) and band 4 (NIR). Multiple linear regression analysis obtained a regression equation model from those three bands. This model can be used as an estimator for the existence of the soil nutrient being studied. The accuracy values obtained for N, P, K and S in terraced paddy fields are 97.58%; 94.85%; 85.97%; and 97.39% and the R2 value of 0.39; 0.30; 0.30 and 0.27. The R2 value, which is still relatively small, indicates that there are many factors may affect the accuracy value. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(1): 1-9, June 2021

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Gladkih, Je, M. Miroshnychenko, and O. Siabruk. "Optimization of nitrogen and sulfur nutrition of Sudan grass (Sorghum x drummondii) in conditions of unstable moisture." Visnyk agrarnoi nauky 100, no. 11 (November 15, 2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/agrovisnyk202211-02.

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50

Miranda, Rafaela Pereira, Marizane Pietroski, Fabiano Bernardo Matos, Getulio Freitas Seben Junior, and Gustavo Caione. "Nitrogen, potassium, calcium and sulfur omission in grass Convert." Comunicata Scientiae 8, no. 3 (April 11, 2018): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v8i3.2257.

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Intensive use of Brazilian pastures without the maintenance of soil fertility has decreased their productivity and favoring the onset of symptoms of nutritional deficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen, potassium, calcium and sulfur omission in symptomatology, growth and dry mass accumulation in grass Convert. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with a completely randomized design, with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were: full nutrient solution, nitrogen omission (N), potassium omission (K), calcium omission (-Ca) and sulfur omission (S). The variables were the number of tillers, leaf number, root size, shoot height, characterization of symptoms of deficiency and shoot and root dry mass accumulation. The data were submitted to the F test by analysis of variance and comparison of means by Tukey’s test (p <0.05). The omission of N, K, Ca and S limited the development of Convert grass compared to the full nutrient solution treatment, reducing the number of leaves, tillers, height, root size and dry mass production. The nutrient omission modified forage morphology, showing visual symptoms of deficiency of each nutrient evaluated. The decreasing order of onset of symptoms was N, Ca, S and K.

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