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Статті в журналах з теми "Nitrated case thickness"
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Cattarusa, Douglas Alan, Xiao Min Jin, Xing Xing Fu, Xiang Ning Kang, Bei Zhang, and Guo Yi Zhang. "Optical-Mode Study of Galium Nitrate Based Laser Diodes." Advanced Materials Research 571 (September 2012): 476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.571.476.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper focuses on the optical mode analysis of laser diodes to improve light emission. Under the mode analysis, we compare the optical confinement factor (OCF) percentage of the emitting light from the LDs. There are two structures which we analyze: a basic GaN waveguide structure and an InGaN waveguide structure. The second structure has additional InGaN waveguides and is analyzed under two additional design variations: the concentration of Indium and the thickness of the top waveguide layer. The results of this study indicate introducing InGaN waveguide layers correlates with lower order modes (zero and first order) and increase the OCF values. The top InGaN waveguide layer, which has a higher concentration of Indium, appears to increase the OCF. However, the increased thickness of the InGaN layer causes the lower modes’ OFC to decrease. Over all, in the best case, InGaN LD has an OCF of 1.8896%, which is about a 312% improvement compared to that of GaN LD ( OCF=0.4535%).
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Steffens, M., M. A. Granskog, H. Kaartokallio, H. Kuosa, K. Luodekari, S. Papadimitriou, and D. N. Thomas. "Spatial variation of biogeochemical properties of landfast sea ice in the Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea." Annals of Glaciology 44 (2006): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756406781811169.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractHorizontal variation of landfast sea-ice properties was studied in the Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea, during March 2004. In order to estimate their variability among and within different spatial levels, 72 ice cores were sampled on five spatial scales (with spacings of 10 cm, 2.5 m, 25 m, 250m and 2.5 km) using a hierarchical sampling design. Entire cores were melted, and bulk-ice salinity, concentrations of chlorophylla(Chla), phaeophytin (Phaeo), dissolved nitrate plus nitrite (DIN) as well as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) were determined. All sampling sites were covered by a 5.5–23 cm thick layer of snow. Ice thicknesses of cores varied from 26 to 58 cm, with bulk-ice salinities ranging between 0.2 and 0.7 as is typical for Baltic Sea ice. Observed values for Chla(range: 0.8–6.0 mg ChlaL–1; median: 2.9 mg ChlaL–1) and DOC (range: 37–397 μM; median: 95 μM) were comparable to values reported by previous sea-ice studies from the Baltic Sea. Analysis of variance among different spatial levels revealed significant differences on the 2.5km scale for ice thickness, DOC and Phaeo (with the latter two being positively correlated with ice thickness). For salinity and Chla, the 250 m scale was found to be the largest scale where significant differences could be detected, while snow depth only varied significantly on the 25 m scale. Variability on the 2.5 m scale contributed significantly to the total variation for ice thickness, salinity, Chlaand DIN. In the case of DON, none of the investigated levels exhibited variation that was significantly different from the considerable amount of variation found between replicate cores. Results from a principal component analysis suggest that ice thickness is one of the main elements structuring the investigated ice habitat on a large scale, while snow depth, nutrients and salinity seem to be of secondary importance.
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Boreli-Zdravkovic, Dj, and M. Damjanovic. "State and problems of using alluvial groundwater in Great Morava Valley." Water Supply 7, no. 3 (November 1, 2007): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.067.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An aquifer formed in alluvial sediments of the river Great Morava, spreading across over 1,000 km2, represents one of the most important resources for supplying settlements with drinking water. In this area, numerous settlements were built and the agricultural production is present. The first aquifer was formed in gravel-sandy sediments, 20 m thick, of large permeability and it is naturally protected with clay-dusty roof, with thickness of about 5 m. The biggest problem is registered presence of nitrates in groundwater, above the valid MPL values for drinking water that is 50 mgNO3/l. Monitoring the state and problems of separate water sources, formed in this area, showed the considerable larger influence of settlements without sewage systems than existing agricultural production. Analysis showed that nitrates input by groundwater into the River Danube and the Black Sea is negligible. Considering the anthropogenic impacts in the wider surrounding of the water source, we came to conclusions that can be used for further planning the use of this and similar groundwater resources.
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Da, Bo, Hongfa Yu, Haiyan Ma, and Zhangyu Wu. "Reinforcement corrosion research based on the linear polarization resistance method for coral aggregate seawater concrete in a marine environment." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 65, no. 5 (September 3, 2018): 458–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-03-2018-1911.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose This paper aims to reduce the cost, limit the time and increase raw material source availability, coral aggregate seawater concrete (CASC) composed of coral, coral sand, seawater and cement can be widely used for the construction of ports, levees, airports and roads to achieve practical engineering values. However, the naturally porous coral structure and abundant Cl− in the seawater and coral lead to extremely severe reinforcement corrosion for CASC. It is well known that Cl− is the main cause of reinforcement corrosion in the marine environment. Therefore, it is necessary to research the reinforcement corrosion of CASC in the marine environment. Design/methodology/approach In this study, linear polarization resistance was adopted to test the linear polarization curves of reinforcement in CASC with different exposure times. Ecorr, Rp, Icorr and Vcorr were calculated according to the weak electrochemical polarization theory and Stern–Geary formula. The effects of concrete cover thickness, exposure time, reinforcement types and inhibitor on reinforcement corrosion in CASC were analysed. The reinforcement corrosion degradation rule was determined, which provided theoretical support for the durability improvement, security assessment, service life prediction and service quality control of CASC structures in marine islands and reef engineering. Findings The corrosion resistance was enhanced with increased concrete cover thickness, and the concrete cover thickness for organic new coated steel should be at least 5.5 cm to reduce the reinforcement corrosion risks in CASC structures. The corrosion resistance of different types of reinforcements followed the rule: 2205 duplex stainless steel > 316 stainless steel > organic new coated steel > zinc-chromium coated steel > common steel. In the early exposure stage, the anti-corrosion effectiveness of the calcium nitrate inhibitor (CN) was superior to that for the amino alcohol inhibitor (AA). With the extension of exposure time, the decreasing rate of anticorrosion effectiveness of CN was higher than that of AA. Originality/value Reinforcement corrosion of CASC in a marine environment was studied. Concrete cover thickness, exposure time, reinforcement type and inhibitor influenced the reinforcement corrosion were investigated. New technique of reinforcement anti-corrosion in marine engineering was proposed. Possible applications of CASC in marine engineering structures were suggested.
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Muromtsev, N. A., N. A. Semenov, Yu A. Mazhaisky, and K. B. Anisimov. "REGULARITIES IN ACCUMULATION, LOSS AND RETURN OF WATER AND CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES DURING THE WATER EXCHANGE IN SOIL." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 76 (November 1, 2014): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2014-76-111-125.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The experimental studies permitted to determine the ratio between infiltration and transpiration of the ground water in a soddy podzolic soil, that accounts for 0.3-0.6 under dried conditions of atmospheric moistening, 2.6-2.9 as an average value for many years and 2.6-2.9 under moderately wet conditions. The loss of potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc and manganese under the grass stand was calculated as 0.95, 89.0, 37.7, 1.42 and 1.40 kg/ha/yr respectively. Due to capillarity the root layer of this soil receives 0.19 kg/ha of potassium or 20% from its loss with water infiltration, 16.4% of magnesium, 15.0% of calcium, 13.4% of zinc and 9.0% of manganese. It is shown that the water transpiration in case of the close underground water level leads to rupture of capillary links. With increasing the soil thickness in lysimeter the water infiltration and the nitrate leaching become declined both under grass and beangrass stands.
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Nguyen, Van Minh, Tien Hiep Nguyen, and Stanislav V. Gorobinsky. "Application of surfactants for the synthesis of qualitative hydroxide and metallic cobalt nanopowders." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Physics, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-2243-2021-1-4-11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this work, nanopowders (NP) Co(OH)2 were obtained by chemical precipitation from aqueous solutions of cobalt nitrate Co(NO3)2 and alkali NaOH (10 wt. %) using surfactants: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) (0.1 wt. %). It was shown that Co(OH)2 NP with 0.1% SDS is the best quality product, since its dispersion increases more than 2 times compared to the samples with 0.1% CPC and without surfactants. In this case, the Co(OH)2 NP has the form of flakes with an irregular shape and a nanometer size (about 100 nm) with an average thickness of 30 nm. It was found that the average particle size of Co NP obtained by hydrogen reduction of Co(OH)2 NP with 0.1% SDS at 280°C has a maximum on the distribution histogram shifted to the interval 41–50 nm, which is characterized by a narrow particle size distribution and represents spherical particles sintered with each other.
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Pouria, Amir, Hadis Bandegani, Milad Pourbaghi-Masouleh, Saeed Hesaraki, and Masoud Alizadeh. "Physicochemical Properties and Cellular Responses of Strontium-Doped Gypsum Biomaterials." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/976495.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper describes some physical, structural, and biological properties of gypsum bioceramics doped with various amounts of strontium ions (0.19–2.23 wt%) and compares these properties with those of a pure gypsum as control. Strontium-doped gypsum (gypsum:Sr) was obtained by mixing calcium sulfate hemihydrate powder and solutions of strontium nitrate followed by washing the specimens with distilled water to remove residual salts. Gypsum was the only phase found in the composition of both pure and gypsum:Sr, meanwhile a shift into lower diffraction angles was observed in the X-ray diffraction patterns of doped specimens. Microstructure of all gypsum specimens consisted of many rod-like small crystals entangled to each other with more elongation and higher thickness in the case of gypsum:Sr. The Sr-doped sample exhibited higher compressive strength and lower solubility than pure gypsum. A continuous release of strontium ions was observed from the gypsum:Sr during soaking it in simulated body fluid for 14 days. Compared to pure gypsum, the osteoblasts cultured on strontium-doped samples showed better proliferation rate and higher alkaline phosphatase activity, depending on Sr concentration. These observations can predict better in vivo behavior of strontium-doped gypsum compared to pure one.
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Qian, Li-Wu, Shankar J. Evani, Ping Chen, Kenneth S. Brandenburg, Alan J. Weaver, Andrea B. Fourcaudot, Johnathan J. Abercrombie, Eliza A. Sebastian, and Kai P. Leung. "Cerium Nitrate Treatment Provides Eschar Stabilization through Reduction in Bioburden, DAMPs, and Inflammatory Cytokines in a Rat Scald Burn Model." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, no. 3 (December 6, 2019): 576–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irz199.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In this study, we used a clinically relevant rat scald burn model to determine the treatment effects of cerium nitrate (CN) for stabilizing burn eschars through reduction of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), inflammatory cytokines, and bioburden. Forty-two male Sprague–Dawley rats were anesthetized before undergoing a scald burn at 99°C for 6 seconds to create a 10% full-thickness burn. The test groups included sham burn, burn with water bathing, and burn with CN bathing. End point parameters included circulating DAMPs, proinflammatory cytokines, tissue myeloperoxidase activity, and quantification of resident flora in burn skin. The high mobility group protein box 1 was found to be elevated in burn animals at postoperative days (POD) 1 and 7. CN significantly alleviated the increase (P < .05 at POD 1 and P < .01 at POD 7). CN also lessened the heightened levels of hyaluronan in burn animals (P < .05 at POD 7). Additionally, CN significantly reduced the burn-induced increases in interleukin-1β, growth-regulated oncogene/keratinocyte chemoattractant, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α in burn wounds. The anti-inflammatory effect of CN was also demonstrated in its ability to mitigate the upregulated circulatory xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase and increased tissue neutrophil infiltration in burn animals. Last, CN suppressed postburn proliferation of resident skin microbes, resulting in a significant 2-log reduction by POD 7. In conclusion, these results suggest that CN attenuates the burn-induced DAMPs, tissue inflammatory responses, and regrowth of resident skin flora, all of which collectively could improve the quality of burn eschar when applied at the point of injury in prolonged field care situations.
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Sofiev, M., R. Vankevich, M. Lotjonen, M. Prank, V. Petukhov, T. Ermakova, J. Koskinen, and J. Kukkonen. "An operational system for the assimilation of the satellite information on wild-land fires for the needs of air quality modelling and forecasting." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 18 (September 18, 2009): 6833–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6833-2009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. This paper investigates a potential of two remotely sensed wild-land fire characteristics: 4-μm Brightness Temperature Anomaly (TA) and Fire Radiative Power (FRP) for the needs of operational chemical transport modelling and short-term forecasting of atmospheric composition and air quality. The treatments of the TA and FRP data are presented and a methodology for evaluating the emission fluxes of primary aerosols (PM2.5 and total PM) is described. The method does not include the complicated analysis of vegetation state, fuel load, burning efficiency and related factors, which are uncertain but inevitably involved in approaches based on burnt-area scars or similar products. The core of the current methodology is based on the empirical emission factors that are used to convert the observed temperature anomalies and fire radiative powers into emission fluxes. These factors have been derived from the analysis of several fire episodes in Europe (28.4–5.5.2006, 15.8–25.8.2006 and in August 2008). These episodes were characterised by: (i) well-identified FRP and TA values, and (ii) available ground-based observations of aerosol concentrations, and optical thickness for the regions where the contribution of the fire smoke to the concentrations of PM2.5 was dominant, in comparison with those of other pollution sources. The emission factors were determined separately for the forested and grassland areas; in case of mixed-type land use, an intermediate scaling was assumed. Despite significant differences between the TA and FRP methodologies, an accurate non-linear fitting was found between the predictions of these approaches. The agreement was comparatively weak only for small fires, for which the accuracy of both products is expected to be low. The applications of the Fire Assimilation System (FAS) in combination with the dispersion model SILAM showed that both the TA and FRP products are suitable for the evaluation of the emission fluxes from wild-land fires. The fire-originated concentrations of aerosols (PM2.5, PM10, sulphates and nitrates) and AOD, as predicted by the SILAM model were mainly within a factor of 2–3 compared with the observations. The main challenges of the FAS improvement include refining of the emission factors globally, determination of the types of fires (smouldering vs flaming), evaluation of the injection heights of the plumes, and predicting the temporal evolution of fires.
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Diémoz, Henri, Gian Paolo Gobbi, Tiziana Magri, Giordano Pession, Sara Pittavino, Ivan K. F. Tombolato, Monica Campanelli, and Francesca Barnaba. "Transport of Po Valley aerosol pollution to the northwestern Alps – Part 2: Long-term impact on air quality." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 15 (August 12, 2019): 10129–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10129-2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. This work evaluates the impact of trans-regional aerosol transport from the Po basin on particulate matter levels (PM10) and physico-chemical characteristics in the northwestern Alps. To this purpose, we exploited a multi-sensor, multi-platform database over a 3-year period (2015–2017) accompanied by a series of numerical simulations. The experimental setup included operational (24/7) vertically resolved aerosol profiles by an automated lidar ceilometer (ALC), vertically integrated aerosol properties by a Sun/sky photometer, and surface measurements of aerosol mass concentration, size distribution and chemical composition. This experimental set of observations was then complemented by modelling tools, including numerical weather prediction (NWP), trajectory statistical (TSM) and chemical transport (CTM) models, plus positive matrix factorisation (PMF) on both the PM10 chemical speciation analyses and particle size distributions. In a first companion study, we showed and discussed through detailed case studies the 4-D phenomenology of recurrent episodes of aerosol transport from the polluted Po basin to the northwestern Italian Alps. Here we draw more general and statistically significant conclusions on the frequency of occurrence of this phenomenon, and on the quantitative impact of this regular, wind-driven, aerosol-rich “atmospheric tide” on PM10 air-quality levels in this alpine environment. Based on an original ALC-derived classification, we found that an advected aerosol layer is observed at the receptor site (Aosta) in 93 % of days characterized by easterly winds (i.e. from the Po basin) and that the longer the time spent by air masses over the Po plain the higher this probability. Frequency of these advected aerosol layers was found to be rather stable over the seasons with about 50 % of the days affected. Duration of these advection events ranges from few hours up to several days, while aerosol layer thickness ranges from 500 up to 4000 m. Our results confirm this phenomenon to be related to non-local emissions, to act at the regional scale and to largely impact both surface levels and column-integrated aerosol properties. In Aosta, PM10 and aerosol optical depth (AOD) values increase respectively up to factors of 3.5 and 4 in dates under the Po Valley influence. Pollution transport events were also shown to modify the mean chemical composition and typical size of particles in the target region. In fact, increase in secondary species, and mainly nitrate- and sulfate-rich components, were found to be effective proxies of the advections, with the transported aerosol responsible for at least 25 % of the PM10 measured in the urban site of Aosta, and adding up to over 50 µg m−3 during specific episodes, thus exceeding alone the EU established daily limit. From a modelling point of view, our CTM simulations performed over a full year showed that the model is able to reproduce the phenomenon, but markedly underestimates its impact on PM10 levels. As a sensitivity test, we employed the ALC-derived identification of aerosol advections to re-weight the emissions from outside the boundaries of the regional domain in order to match the observed PM10 field. This simplified exercise indicated that an increase in such “external” emissions by a factor of 4 in the model is needed to halve the model PM10 maximum deviations and to significantly reduce the PM10 normalised mean bias forecasts error (from −35 % to 5 %).
Дисертації з теми "Nitrated case thickness"
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Каплун, П. В., та P. V. Kaplun. "Науково-прикладні основи застосування безводневого іонного азотування для підвищення контактної міцності трибосистем". Дисертація, 2018. http://elar.khnu.km.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/8694.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Nitrated case thickness"
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Pillai, Hariharan Perianna, Shamli Chinnakulanthai Sampath, Rajkeerthi Elumalai, Shruthilaya Hariharan, and Yuvaraj Natarajan. "Influence of Process Parameters on Electrochemical Micromachining of Nimonic 75 Alloy." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71147.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Electrochemical micromachining process is one among the successful micromachining technique, which uses the electrochemical energy and is recognized for machining difficult-to-cut materials. One such material is Nimonic 75 alloy, which is used to make gas turbine components. In this study, an effort has been made to machine micro-hole profiles in Nimonic 75 with a thickness of 500 μm using two different electrolytes. A combination of sodium bromide, hydrofluoric acid and ethylene glycol has been chosen as the first electrolyte, while the second is a combination of sodium chloride and sodium nitrate. Solid tungsten carbide of diameter 500 μm is used as the tool in each case. For layout of experiments, Taguchi orthogonal array was chosen with following input parameters namely voltage, micro-tool feed rate and duty cycle. Performance characteristics such as material removal rate, overcut and conicity have been assessed for each electrolyte. Experimental results have shown that the first electrolyte yields lower values of overcut (OC) and conicity, whereas the second electrolyte gives higher material removal rate (MRR). Further, the optimal combinations of process parameters have been found by implementing the TOPSIS procedure and the results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental outcomes.