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Yang, Xian-wei, Xue-qiu Zhan, Hong-juan Kang, and Ying Luo. "Fast Software Implementation of Serial Test and Approximate Entropy Test of Binary Sequence." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (September 16, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1375954.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In many cryptographic applications, random numbers and pseudorandom numbers are required. Many cryptographic protocols require using random or pseudorandom numbers at various points, e.g., for auxiliary data in digital signatures or challenges in authentication protocols. In NIST SP800-22, the focus is on the need for randomness for encryption purposes and describes how to apply a set of statistical randomness tests. These tests can be used to evaluate the data generated by cryptographic algorithms. This paper will study the fast software implementation of the serial test and the approximate entropy test and propose two types of fast implementations of these tests. The first method is to follow the basic steps of these tests and replace bit operations with byte operations. Through this method, compared with the implementation of Fast NIST STS, the efficiency of the serial test and approximate entropy test is increased by 2.164 and 2.100 times, respectively. The second method is based on the first method, combining the statistical characteristics of subsequences of different lengths and further combining the two detections with different detection parameters. In this way, compared to the individual implementation of these tests, the efficiency has been significantly improved. Compared with the implementation of Fast NIST STS, the efficiency of this paper is increased by 4.078 times.
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Mamun, Md Selim Al, and Fatema Akhter. "Pseudo Random Binary Sequence Based on Cyclic Difference Set." Symmetry 12, no. 8 (July 22, 2020): 1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12081202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the increasing reliance on technology, it has become crucial to secure every aspect of online information where pseudo random binary sequences (PRBS) can play an important role in today’s world of Internet. PRBS work in the fundamental mathematics behind the security of different protocols and cryptographic applications. This paper proposes a new PRBS namely MK (Mamun, Kumu) sequence for security applications. Proposed sequence is generated by primitive polynomial, cyclic difference set in elements of the field and binarized by quadratic residue (QR) and quadratic nonresidue (QNR). Introduction of cyclic difference set makes a special contribution to randomness of proposed sequence while QR/QNR-based binarization ensures uniformity of zeros and ones in sequence. Besides, proposed sequence has maximum cycle length and high linear complexity which are required properties for sequences to be used in security applications. Several experiments are conducted to verify randomness and results are presented in support of robustness of the proposed MK sequence. The randomness of proposed sequence is evaluated by popular statistical test suite, i.e., NIST STS 800-22 package. The test results confirmed that the proposed sequence is not affected by approximations of any kind and successfully passed all statistical tests defined in NIST STS 800-22 suite. Finally, the efficiency of proposed MK sequence is verified by comparing with some popular sequences in terms of uniformity in bit pattern distribution and linear complexity for sequences of different length. The experimental results validate that the proposed sequence has superior cryptographic properties than existing ones.
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Stoller, Scott, and Kristy A. Campbell. "Demonstration of Three True Random Number Generator Circuits Using Memristor Created Entropy and Commercial Off-the-Shelf Components." Entropy 23, no. 3 (March 20, 2021): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23030371.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this work, we build and test three memristor-based true random number generator (TRNG) circuits: two previously presented in the literature and one which is our own design. The functionality of each circuit is assessed using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Statistical Test Suite (STS). The TRNG circuits were built using commercially available off-the-shelf parts, including the memristor. The results of this work confirm the usefulness of memristors for successful implementation of TRNG circuits, as well as the ease with which a TRNG can be built using simple circuit designs and off-the-shelf breadboard circuit components.
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Бабенко, Віра Григорівна, Тетяна Василівна Миронюк та Геннадій Васильович Кривоус. "АЛГОРИТМИ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ОПЕРАЦІЙ ПЕРЕСТАНОВОК, КЕРОВАНИХ ІНФОРМАЦІЄЮ, ДЛЯ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ КРИПТОПЕРЕТВОРЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ". Вісник Черкаського державного технологічного університету, № 3 (22 жовтня 2021): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24025/2306-4412.3.2021.247252.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
У статті запропоновано застосування базової групи операцій перестановок, керованих інформацією, з урахуванням трьох видів алгоритмів реалізації криптографічного перетворення: просте перемішування, гамування з ключем, гамування з ключем із заданою кількістю раундів. Розроблено алгоритми використання операцій перестановок, керованих інформацією, з метою застосування їх як у програмних, так і в апаратних засобах криптографічного захисту інформації. Проведено оцінювання ефективності цих алгоритмів на основі їх програмної реалізації та статистичного тестування пакетом тестів NIST STS. Здійснено аналіз статистичних портретів одержаних результатів роботи розроблених алгоритмів з метою оцінки їх придатності в процесі побудови криптографічних алгоритмів. Показано, що для практичної реалізації криптографічного алгоритму на основі використання запропонованих операцій перестановок, керованих інформацією, потрібно визначити практичну криптографічну стійкість алгоритму, що напряму залежить від довжини пароля та кількості операцій, що застосовуються для шифрування інформації. Крім того, наведено розрахунок варіативності алгоритмів застосування для криптографічного перетворення декількох блоків інформації.
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Klyucharev, P. G. "On Statistical Testing of Block Ciphers." Mathematics and Mathematical Modeling, no. 5 (November 12, 2018): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/mathm.0518.0000132.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Block ciphers form one of the main classes of cryptographic algorithms. One of the challenges in development of block ciphers, like any other cryptographic algorithms, is the analysis of their cryptographic security. In the course of such analysis, statistical testing of block ciphers is often used. The paper reviews literature on statistical testing of block ciphers.The first section of the paper briefly and informally discusses approaches to the definition of the concept of a random sequence, including the Kolmogorov, von Mises, and Martin-Löf approaches and the unpredictability-related approach. However, all these approaches to the definition of randomness are not directly applicable in practice.The second section describes statistical tests of binary sequences. It provides brief descriptions of the tests included in the DieHard, NIST STS, RaBiGeTe statistical test suites.The third section provides the appropriate information to present further the operation modes of block ciphers.The fourth section deals with techniques for statistical testing of block ciphers. Usually such techniques lie in the fact that based on the block cipher under test, various generators of the pseudorandom sequences are built, with their output sequences being tested using any suite of statistical tests. The approaches to the construction of such generators are given.The paper describes the most known statistical test technique for block ciphers among the submitted for the AES competition. It is a technique the NIST uses for statistical testing of ciphers. In addition, there are other techniques mentioned in the literature.In conclusion the paper states that there is a need to develop new techniques for statistical testing of block ciphers.The paper support was provided from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the framework of the research project No. 16-07-00542 supported
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Elshoush, Huwaida T., Banan M. Al-Tayeb, and Khalil T. Obeid. "Enhanced Serpent algorithm using Lorenz 96 Chaos-based block key generation and parallel computing for RGB image encryption." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (December 17, 2021): e812. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.812.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents a new approach to enhance the security and performance of the Serpent algorithm. The main concepts of this approach is to generate a sub key for each block using Lorenz 96 chaos and then run the process of encryption and decryption in ECB parallel mode. The proposed method has been implemented in Java, openjdk version “11.0.11”; and for the analysis of the tested RGB images, Python 3.6 was used. Comprehensive experiments on widely used metrics demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method against differential attacks, brute force attacks and statistical attacks, while achieving superb results compared to related schemes. Moreover, the encryption quality, Shannon entropy, correlation coefficients, histogram analysis and differential analysis all accomplished affirmative results. Furthermore, the reduction in encryption/decryption time was over 61%. Moreover, the proposed method cipher was tested using the Statistical Test Suite (STS) recommended by the NIST and passed them all ensuring the randomness of the cipher output. Thus, the approach demonstrated the potential of the improved Serpent-ECB algorithm with Lorenz 96 chaos-based block key generation (BKG) and gave favorable results. Specifically, compared to existing encryption schemes, it proclaimed its effectiveness.
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Lara, Evangelina, Leocundo Aguilar, Jesús García, and Mauricio Sanchez. "A Lightweight Cipher Based on Salsa20 for Resource-Constrained IoT Devices." Sensors 18, no. 10 (October 4, 2018): 3326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103326.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm envisions a world where everyday things interchange information between each other in a way that allows users to make smarter decisions in a given context. Even though IoT has many advantages, its characteristics make it very vulnerable to security attacks. Ciphers are a security primitive that can prevent some of the attacks; however, the constrained computing and energy resources of IoT devices impede them from implementing current ciphers. This article presents the stream cipher Generador de Bits Pseudo Aleatorios (GBPA) based on Salsa20 cipher, which is part of the eSTREAM project, but designed for resource-constrained IoT devices of Class 0. GBPA has lower program and data memory requirements compared with Salsa20 and lightweight ciphers. These properties allow low-cost resource-constrained IoT devices, 29.5% of the embedded systems in the market, to be able to implement a security service that they are currently incapable of, to preserve the user’s data privacy and protect the system from attacks that could damage it. For the evaluation of its output, three statistical test suites were used: NIST Statistical Test Suite (STS), DIEHARD and EACirc, with good results. The GBPA cipher provides security without having a negative impact on the computing resources of IoT devices.
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Gnatyuk, Sergiy, Yuliia Burmak, Rat Berdibayev, Marek Aleksander, and Dinara Ospanova. "METHOD FOR DEVELOPING PSEUDO-RANDOM NUMBER GENERATORS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS IN 5G NETWORKS." Cybersecurity: Education, Science, Technique 12, no. 4 (June 24, 2021): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2663-4023.2021.12.151162.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Today, pseudo-random number generators are used in various systems and applications, including as key generators in stream ciphers. The implementation of the latest information and communication technologies (in particular, 5G networks) strengthens the requirements for ensuring the confidentiality of critical data and forces the development of new methods and means for cryptographic protection. Existing generators, like other cryptographic algorithms, do not meet the requirements for processing speed and security against known types of attacks. From this position, in the paper a method for constructing pseudo-random sequence generators was developed. It allows to build efficient generators for cryptographic applications. Based on this method, software generators of pseudo-random numbers have been developed and implemented. These will be useful for cryptographic applications in modern 5G networks. The developed pseudo-random number generators have passed complex statistical testing by the NIST STS technique (showed results not worse than the results of known pseudo-random sequence generators used in practice to solve similar problems). Besides, they are faster in comparison with analogues used today in 5G networks (for example, with algorithms SNOW and Trivium). In further works it is planned to investigate the security of the developed pseudo-random generators against different types of cryptanalytic attacks, as well as to simulate the work of the developed pseudo-random sequence generators using the base station equipment of modern 5G networks.
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Du, Yanqiu, Wenru Shang, and Jiayan Huang. "OP354 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Of Different Prenatal Screening Strategies For Down Syndrome In China: Data From Shandong Province." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 36, S1 (December 2020): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462320001038.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
IntroductionThere are large differences between the prenatal screening strategies for Down Syndrome (DS) in different provinces in China. In Henan province there is a serological triple screening in the second trimester (STS) strategy, while in Shandong province contingent non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) screening strategy (NIPT delivered to older pregnant women) is used, and there is a universal NIPT screening strategy in Anhui province. Moreover, many factors varied widely in different regions, such as the proportion of older pregnant woman and the ability of people to pay. This study aimed to determine the cost-effectiveness of current strategy in Shandong compared with strategies in other provinces.MethodsA decision tree model was developed according to the screening strategies in different provinces. Four screening strategies were involved, universal STS strategy, contingent STS strategy, contingent NIPT strategy, and universal NIPT strategy. Cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted from a societal perspective in a simulated cohort of 100,000 pregnant women. The data of costs and epidemiologic parameters were collected from field surveys in Shangdong and a literature review.ResultsThe universal STS strategy, contingent STS strategy, contingent NIPT strategy, and universal NIPT strategy could prevent 17.0, 40.0, 46.2, and 53.6 DS births, respectively. There was no strategy dominated by others. The universal NIPT strategy and contingent NIPT strategy would decrease invasive procedures for prenatal diagnosis, resulting in fewer procedure-related miscarriages. The sensitivity analysis showed that the effectiveness of the screening strategy is significantly influenced by the resident's acceptance of NIPT.ConclusionsFrom the perspective of maximizing the effect, the universal NIPT strategy is the optimal strategy. But taking into account the resident's and government's ability to pay, contingent NIPT Strategy may be appropriate for the current situation in Shandong. To ensure a better cost-effective advantage in the universal NIPT strategy, the government should provide health education to increase the acceptance of NIPT while controlling the price of NIPT.
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Shang, Wenru, Yang Wan, Jianan Chen, Yanqiu Du, and Jiayan Huang. "Introducing the non-invasive prenatal testing for detection of Down syndrome in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (July 2021): e046582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046582.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the health economic value of a non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) strategy against a second-trimester triple screening (STS) strategy for the detection of Down syndrome based on real-world data from China.DesignA decision-analytical model was developed to compare the cost-effectiveness of five strategies from a societal perspective. Cost and probability input data were obtained from the real-world surveys and published sources.SettingChina.ParticipantsWomen with a singleton pregnancy.InterventionsThe five strategies for screening were: (A) maternal age with STS (no NIPT); (B) STS plus NIPT screening; (C) age-STS plus NIPT screening (the currently referral strategy in China); (D) maternal age with NIPT screening and (E) universal NIPT screening.Main outcome measuresIncremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) per additional Down syndrome case terminated, univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analysis and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves were obtained.ResultsStrategy A detected the least number of Down syndrome cases. Compared with the cheapest Strategy B, Strategy D had the lowest ICER (incremental cost, US$98 944.85 per additional Down syndrome case detected). Strategy D had the highest probability of being cost-effective at the willingness-to-pay level between US$110 000.00 and US$535 000.00 per additional Down syndrome case averted. Strategy E would not be cost-effective unless the unit cost of the NIPT could be decreased to US$60.50.ConclusionIntroducing NIPT screening strategies was beneficial over the use of STS strategy alone. Evaluating maternal age in combination with the NIPT screening strategy performs better than China’s currently referral strategy in terms of cost-effectiveness and safety. Lowering the price of NIPT and optimising payment methods are effective measures to promote universal NIPT strategies in China.
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Burdette, Carolyn Q., Johanna E. Camara, Federica Nalin, Jeanita Pritchett, Lane C. Sander, Graham D. Carter, Julia Jones, Joseph M. Betz, Christopher T. Sempos, and Stephen A. Wise. "Establishing an Accuracy Basis for the Vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme (DEQAS)." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 100, no. 5 (September 1, 2017): 1277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.17-0306.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Until recently, the Vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme (DEQAS) assessed the performance of various assays for the determination of serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] by using a consensus mean based on the all-laboratory trimmed mean (ALTM) of the approximately 1000 participants' results. Since October 2012, the National Institute of Standardsand Technology (NIST), as part of the Vitamin D Standardization Program, has participated in DEQAS by analyzing the quarterly serum sample sets using an isotope dilution LC-tandem MS (ID LC-MS/MS) reference measurement procedure to assign an accuracy-based target value for serum total 25(OH)D. NIST has analyzed90 DEQAS samples (18 exercises × 5 samples/exercise) to assign target values. The NIST-assigned values are compared with the ALTM and the biases assessed for various assays used by the participants, e.g., LC-MS/MS, HPLC, and several ligand-binding assays. The NIST-value assignment process and the resultsof the analyses of the 90 DEQAS samples are summarized. The absolute mean bias between the NIST-assignedvalues and the ALTM was 5.6%, with 10% of the samples having biases >10%. Benefits of the accuracy-based target values are presented, including for sample sets with high concentrations of 25(OH)D2 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3.
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Kumar, Ashok, Vikas N. Thakur, and Harish Kumar. "Characterization of spinning rotor gauge-3 using orific flow system and static expansion system." ACTA IMEKO 9, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v9i5.993.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article elucidates the calibration of newly procured spinning rotor gauge (SRG 3) from MKS Instruments, USA using primary vacuum standards: Orifice flow system (OFS) and Static expansion system (SES) established at National Physical Laboratory, India (NPLI) in the range of 10<sup>-4</sup> Pa to 1 Pa and further compared with manufacturer reported value which was calibrated by transfer standard of National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST). The key parameters to calculate the pressure measured by SRG is the accommodation coefficients. The accommodation coefficients for N<sub>2</sub> gas obtained using OFS, SES, and calibration report form NIST USA (SRG2) are 0.957, 0.961, and 0.954 respectively.
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Matyushin, Dmitriy D., Anastasia Yu Sholokhova, and Aleksey K. Buryak. "Gradient boosting for the prediction of gas chromatographic retention indices." Сорбционные и хроматографические процессы 19, no. 6 (December 5, 2019): 630–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/sorpchrom.2019.19/2223.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The estimation of gas chromatographic retention indices based on compounds structures is an importantproblem. Predicted retention indices can be used in a mass spectral library search for the identificationof unknowns. Various machine learning methods are used for this task, but methods based on decisiontrees, in particular gradient boosting, are not used widely. The aim of this work is to examine the usability ofthis method for the retention index prediction. 177 molecular descriptors computed with Chemistry Development Kit are used as the input representation of a molecule. Random subsets of the whole NIST 17 database are used as training, test and validation sets. 8000 trees with 6 leaves each are used. A neural network with one hidden layer (90 hidden nodes) is used for the comparison. The same data sets and the set of descriptors are used for the neural network and gradient boosting. The model based on gradient boosting outperforms the neural network with one hidden layer for subsets of NIST 17 and for the set of essential oils.The performance of this model is comparable or better than performance of other modern retention prediction models. The average relative deviation is ~3.0%, the median relative deviation is ~1.7% for subsets of NIST 17. The median absolute deviation is ~34 retention index units. Only non-polar liquid stationary phases (such as polydimethylsiloxane, 5% phenyl 95% polydimethylsiloxane, squalane) are considered. Errors obtained with different machine learning algorithms and with the same representation of the molecule strongly correlate with each other.
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Margolis, Sam A., Mark Vangel, and David L. Duewer. "Certification of Standard Reference Material 970, Ascorbic Acid in Serum, and Analysis of Associated Interlaboratory Bias in the Measurement Process." Clinical Chemistry 49, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/49.3.463.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background: The accurate and reproducible measurement of ascorbic acid is essential in delineating the role of ascorbic acid as a diagnostic tool for human disease and for the comparison of data acquired by different laboratories. A stabilized pair of standards of ascorbic acid in human serum, which is compatible with most analytical methods, have been prepared. Methods: The certification was based on the gravimetric addition of ascorbic acid to metaphosphoric acid-stabilized, ascorbic acid-depleted serum and NIST liquid chromatography–electrochemical measurements. The NIST results were analyzed statistically for homogeneity, and the expanded uncertainty of each SRM was calculated using all of the NIST data. An interlaboratory comparison exercise was also performed. Results: These materials, Standard Reference Material (SRM) 970 Ascorbic Acid in Serum, Level I and Level II, are homogeneous and are certified to contain (10.07 ± 0.21) and (30.57 ± 0.28) mmol ascorbic acid/L of solution (expanded uncertainty), respectively. In the interlaboratory comparison (n = 17), the relative SDs for the two materials were 22% and 19%. Conclusions: Two lots of serum, each containing different amounts of ascorbic acid stabilized in metaphosphoric acid, have been prepared and characterized. Many laboratories provide inaccurate results.
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Diachenko, Andriy, and Hanna Malieieva. "Description and generation of the key pair in the ES Rainbow algorithm." Physico-mathematical modelling and informational technologies, no. 32 (July 7, 2021): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fmmit2021.32.111.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper describes the representation and generation of a key pair for one of the promising candidates at the NIST USA level in the NIST PQC competition for the direction of digital signatures of the Rainbow algorithm. This algorithm is a candidate for the third round of selection and a possible option for Ukraine to build its own DS standards based on the mathematics of multivariable quadratic schemes (MQ transformations), which is used in this algorithm. Within the competition, the developers give several sets of parameters for different security levels and several possible implementations of the algorithm (classical, CZ, compressed), but the given description and performance measurements, for the described algorithm, concern the classical Rainbow scheme (although the declared performance improvement is also fair in relation to other versions).
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. "318 SMS Leidt Niet Tot Betere Opkomst." Zorg en Financiering 7, no. 3 (March 2008): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03096554.
Повний текст джерела
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Feng, Ping, Christophe Fuerer, Adrienne McMahon, K. Arendse, A. Chanady, H. Chen, W. Chen, et al. "Quantification of Whey Protein Content in Milk-Based Infant Formula Powders by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate–Capillary Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-CGE): Multilaboratory Testing Study, Final Action 2016.15." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 101, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 1566–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0057.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A multilaboratory testing study was conducted on AOAC First Action Official Method SM 2016.15: Quantification of Whey Protein Content in Infant Formula Powders by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate–Capillary Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-CGE). Nineteen laboratories participated in the analysis of duplicate blind-coded samples of 15 formula powder products for infants and young children. Electrophoregrams were recorded at UV220 nm and integrated. The normalized peak areas of whey and casein proteins were summed separately to calculate total whey protein content. Apart from one sample [NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1849a], relative standard deviation of repeatability (RSDr) and reproducibility (RSDR) ranged from 0.83 to 2.11% and from 2.18 to 4.22%, respectively, and Horwitz ratios ranged from 1.02 to 1.85, meeting the precision limits specified in the whey protein Standard Method Performance Requirements and in the guidelines recommended for the Horwitz ratio. In these samples, the measured whey protein content was between 98 and 108% of the declared value. NIST SRM 1849a showed atypical results, with elevated RSDr (3.51%), RSDR (5.94%), Horwitz ratio (2.62), and recovery (134%). There is no clear reason for this. The percent whey protein value for NIST is calculated from the formulation and is not a reference or certified value. Multiple instrument models and makes, as well as capillary sources, were used in this collaborative study, demonstrating the robustness of the method. The method is fit-for-purpose for the quantification of whey protein content in milk-based formula powder products for infants and young children. It is not applicable to the analysis of hydrolyzed or plant protein–based infant formulas.
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Phillips, Melissa M., Tomás M. López Seal, Jennifer M. Ness, and Kai Zhang. "Development and Characterization of a Multimycotoxin Reference Material." Journal of AOAC International 102, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 1642–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.19-0109.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Matrix-matched reference materials (RMs) are critical for adequate quality assurance of extraction, digestion, separation, and/or detection processes for analytes of interest in foods and dietary supplements. The accurate determination of mycotoxins in foods is an international concern. While RMs for mycotoxins are available from a variety of RM producers, these mainly address a single mycotoxin or group of mycotoxins and therefore require the use of multiple RMs for multitarget methods. Objective: To address the increasing needs of laboratories moving toward LC-MS-based multimycotoxin analysis, the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) collaborated with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to produce a naturally incurred RM for multiple mycotoxins in corn. Methods: Homogeneity of the RM has been assessed using a stratified random sampling of the final product based on mycotoxin mass fractions measured by the FDA and NIST. Multiple sample sizes were evaluated to maximize homogeneity in the obtained results. The mycotoxin levels in the final materials have been evaluated via interlaboratory comparison and isotope dilution LC–tandem MS measurements made at the FDA and NIST. The final value assignment combined results from these data sets. Conclusions: The study successfully developed a certified RM, SRM 1565 Mycotoxins in Corn, and a workflow for the future development of multimycotoxin RMs in different matrices.
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Phillips, Melissa M., Tomás M. López Seal, Jennifer M. Ness, and Kai Zhang. "Development and Characterization of a Multimycotoxin Reference Material." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 1642–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/102.6.1642.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background: Matrix-matched reference materials (RMs) are critical for adequate quality assurance of extraction, digestion, separation, and/or detection processes for analytes of interest in foods and dietary supplements. The accurate determination of mycotoxins in foods is an international concern. While RMs for mycotoxins are available from a variety of RM producers, these mainly address a single mycotoxin or group of mycotoxins and therefore require the use of multiple RMs for multitarget methods. Objective: To address the increasing needs of laboratories moving toward LC-MS-based multimycotoxin analysis, the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) collaborated with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to produce a naturally incurred RM for multiple mycotoxins in corn. Methods: Homogeneity of the RM has been assessed using a stratified random sampling of the final product based on mycotoxin mass fractions measured by the FDA and NIST. Multiple sample sizes were evaluated to maximize homogeneity in the obtained results. The mycotoxin levels in the final materials have been evaluated via interlaboratory comparison and isotope dilution LC–tandem MS measurements made at the FDA and NIST. The final value assignment combined results from these data sets. Conclusions: The study successfully developed a certified RM, SRM 1565 Mycotoxins in Corn, and a workflow for the future development of multimycotoxin RMs in different matrices.
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Shen, Libin, Jinxi Xu, and Ralph Weischedel. "String-to-Dependency Statistical Machine Translation." Computational Linguistics 36, no. 4 (December 2010): 649–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We propose a novel string-to-dependency algorithm for statistical machine translation. This algorithm employs a target dependency language model during decoding to exploit long distance word relations, which cannot be modeled with a traditional n-gram language model. Experiments show that the algorithm achieves significant improvement in MT performance over a state-of-the-art hierarchical string-to-string system on NIST MT06 and MT08 newswire evaluation sets.
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GUTSTEIN, STEVEN, OLAC FUENTES, and ERIC FREUDENTHAL. "KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER IN DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETS." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 17, no. 03 (June 2008): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213008004059.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Knowledge transfer is widely held to be a primary mechanism that enables humans to quickly learn new complex concepts when given only small training sets. In this paper, we apply knowledge transfer to deep convolutional neural nets, which we argue are particularly well suited for knowledge transfer. Our initial results demonstrate that components of a trained deep convolutional neural net can constructively transfer information to another such net. Furthermore, this transfer is completed in such a way that one can envision creating a net that could learn new concepts throughout its lifetime. The experiments we performed involved training a Deep Convolutional Neural Net (DCNN) on a large training set containing 20 different classes of handwritten characters from the NIST Special Database 19. This net was then used as a foundation for training a new net on a set of 20 different character classes from the NIST Special Database 19. The new net would keep the bottom layers of the old net (i.e. those nearest to the input) and only allow the top layers to train on the new character classes. We purposely used small training sets for the new net to force it to rely as much as possible upon transferred knowledge as opposed to a large and varied training set to learn the new set of hand written characters. Our results show a clear advantage in relying upon transferred knowledge to learn new tasks when given small training sets, if the new tasks are sufficiently similar to the previously mastered one. However, this advantage decreases as training sets increase in size.
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McGrattan, Kevin B., William D. Walton, and David D. Evans. "SMOKE PLUMES FROM IN-SITU BURNING OF CRUDE OIL." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-137.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Several regions in the United States have begun the process of obtaining preapproval to use in-situ burning as a remediation method for oil spills. The Building and Fire Research Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) under the sponsorship of the Minerals Management Service has conducted a research program to study various aspects of this problem. One result of this program has been the development of a numerical model to predict the downwind concentration of smoke particulate and other combustion products from a large oil fire. To assess the accuracy of this model, data from three sets of experimental burns have been compared to model simulations run under similar meteorological conditions. The tests are (1) the Newfoundland Offshore Burn Experiment (NOBE), August 1993; (2) the Alaska Clean Seas Burning of Emulsions, September 1994; and (3) the U.S. Coast Guard/NIST Meso-scale Burn Series, October 1994. The model compared favorably with the experiments, increasing the confidence in numerical modeling as a tool to develop guidelines on safe distances from in-situ burns.
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Jupe, Richard, Donald K. Shipley, William Z. Hudson, Joseph T. Wanna, and Linda C. Greear. "Inter-Bolt Variability of Cotton Duck #4 and the Effects on Cigarette Ignition Propensity Test Outcome." Journal of Fire Sciences 13, no. 2 (March 1995): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419501300203.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two bolts of cotton duck fabric that meet military specifications and the purchasing guidelines described by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for use as a substrate in "Test Methods for Quantifying the Propensity of Cigarettes to Ignite Soft Furnishings" were tested with smoldering cigarettes to determine the effect of inter-bolt variations on cigarette ignition propensity test outcome. The test was designed around an ASTM method that calls for the control of all known test variables, except for those inherent to the fabric's manufacture. The ignitability of each fabric was determined by testing two sets of 48 replications for each of two experimental cigarettes. The two bolts of cotton duck fabric showed a statistically significant difference in ignitions, independent of environmental and experimental fac tors. Two additional bolts of cotton duck #4 were analyzed. Cigarette ignition test results and the physical parameters of the additional bolts offer evidence that the NIST specifications are difficult to meet and further that test results are extremely sensitive to fabric properties.
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Salnyk, Sergey, Pavlo Sydorkin, Sergey Nesterenko, Alexander Zaytcev, and Mykola Konotopetc. "Comparative analysis of the us ISO and NIST standards on assessing the risk of information leakage in communication systems." Journal of Scientific Papers "Social development and Security" 10, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33445/sds.2020.10.6.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The reliability of any system was always defined by its level of stability and by availability to have in responsible security persons or specialists’ disposal necessary preventive measures, which are adequate to the threats risks and which are not yielded to easy elimination or demolishing. There was always in the world competition for the information ownership and according to it there was always the rivalry for ability to preserve effectively this ownership from the “outsiders” and much more from competitors.
The protective systems are as effective as they include completely all the possible and theoretically probable processes, which are going on within the information system (IS) or can be caused by outside influence, or when they appeared accidentally. Therefore, risk controlling management model for the IS must reflects all the variety of events and also the processes of resources distribution and using. Making the analyses of available for today published works on this occasion it’s possible to come to a conclusion that all of them (standards) contain in themselves a great deal of engaging of methods and tools, which are sufficient for to discharge the setting tasks. But in the information field the life is also going on and appearing of the new risks is inevitable as the necessity to search for the new standard means of counteraction to them. The theme of this article is the comparing analyses of two main standards, which are appealed to create secure conditions in information space for the owners of information and for their working without hindrances within their network, and for their outside partners and consumers.
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Irieda, Hiroki, Yoshihiro Inoue, Masashi Mori, Kohji Yamada, Yuu Oshikawa, Hiromasa Saitoh, Aiko Uemura, et al. "Conserved fungal effector suppresses PAMP-triggered immunity by targeting plant immune kinases." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 2 (December 24, 2018): 496–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807297116.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plant pathogens have optimized their own effector sets to adapt to their hosts. However, certain effectors, regarded as core effectors, are conserved among various pathogens, and may therefore play an important and common role in pathogen virulence. We report here that the widely distributed fungal effector NIS1 targets host immune components that transmit signaling from pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in plants. NIS1 from two Colletotrichum spp. suppressed the hypersensitive response and oxidative burst, both of which are induced by pathogen-derived molecules, in Nicotiana benthamiana. Magnaporthe oryzae NIS1 also suppressed the two defense responses, although this pathogen likely acquired the NIS1 gene via horizontal transfer from Basidiomycota. Interestingly, the root endophyte Colletotrichum tofieldiae also possesses a NIS1 homolog that can suppress the oxidative burst in N. benthamiana. We show that NIS1 of multiple pathogens commonly interacts with the PRR-associated kinases BAK1 and BIK1, thereby inhibiting their kinase activities and the BIK1-NADPH oxidase interaction. Furthermore, mutations in the NIS1-targeting proteins, i.e., BAK1 and BIK1, in Arabidopsis thaliana also resulted in reduced immunity to Colletotrichum fungi. Finally, M. oryzae lacking NIS1 displayed significantly reduced virulence on rice and barley, its hosts. Our study therefore reveals that a broad range of filamentous fungi maintain and utilize the core effector NIS1 to establish infection in their host plants and perhaps also beneficial interactions, by targeting conserved and central PRR-associated kinases that are also known to be targeted by bacterial effectors.
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Rynkun, P., S. Banerjee, G. Gaigalas, M. Tanaka, L. Radžiūtė, and D. Kato. "Theoretical investigation of energy levels and transition for Ce IV." Astronomy & Astrophysics 658 (February 2022): A82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141513.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aims. We present extensive energy level and transition data for the Ce IV spectrum. By providing accurate atomic data, we evaluate the impact of atomic data on the opacity in the neutron star merger ejecta. Methods. We performed energy spectra and transition data calculations using the GRASP2018 package, which is based on the multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock and relativistic configuration interaction methods, and the HULLAC code, which is based on a parametric potential method. Results. We present energy spectra calculated for the 225 levels for the Ce3+ ion. Energy levels are compared with recommended values from the NIST Atomic Spectra Database and other available works. The root-mean-square (rms) deviations obtained for the GRASP2018 energy levels of the 5p6nl configurations from the NIST data are 1270 cm−1. The rms deviations for the HULLAC results from the NIST data are 5780 cm−1. Furthermore, electric dipole (E1) transition data, line strengths, weighted oscillator strengths, and transition rates are computed between the above levels. The computed transition rates are compared with other theoretical computations. We also evaluate the accuracy of the wave functions and transition parameters by analyzing the dependencies of the line strength S on the gauge parameter G. The gauge dependency method also allows us to determine the transitions for which the ratio between the Babushkin and Coulomb gauges shows real agreement between forms and the transitions for which the agreement between both gauges is random. Using the GRASP2018 and HULLAC data, the opacities in the neutron star merger ejecta are also calculated. We find that the opacity of Ce IV is higher than that presented by previous works, which is because of the higher completeness of our atomic data. Although the differences in the energy levels and transition probabilities cause different features in the opacity spectrum, the Planck mean opacities of both data sets agree within 20%.
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Woo, Pil-Sung, and Balho H. Kim. "Contingency Analysis to Evaluate the Robustness in Large-Scale Smart Grids: Based on Information Security Objectives and Frequency Stability." Energies 13, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 6267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236267.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Smart grids (SGs) are attracting attention as high value-added platforms, which mass-produce new business models through real-time information sharing. However, the open-ended information structure of SGs increases the risk of exposure to cyberattacks through the creation of multiple communication access points. In a power system where a real-time balance of supply and demand is essential, cyberattacks result in cascading failures leading to power outages. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to evaluate the robustness of large-scale SGs against cybersecurity disturbances. The proposed evaluation method established a hierarchy quantification technique considering the structural characteristics of SGs. With respect to the cyber hierarchy, relevant standards (NERC CIP, NIST FIPS) were applied to classify the grades of information security risk. In the case of physical hierarchy, the power system was calculated by using optimal power flow and analyzed the frequency stability. This study was aimed at identifying the vulnerabilities in the physical topology aspect of intelligent power systems due to cybersecurity disturbances.
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Dąbrowski, Łukasz. "Evaluation of a Simplified Method for GC/MS Qualitative Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Organic Pesticides Using PARADISe Computer Program." Molecules 25, no. 16 (August 15, 2020): 3727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163727.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For complex matrices such as environmental samples, there is usually a problem with not fully resolved peaks during GC/MS analysis. The PARADISe computer program (based on the PARFAC2 model) allows the identification of peaks using the deconvoluted mass spectra and the NIST MS library. The number of repetitions required by this software (at least five) is a real limitation for the determination of semi-volatile compounds, like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organic pesticides in environmental samples. In this work, the method to overcome this condition was proposed and evaluated. The sets of the five files required by PARADISe were prepared by mathematically modifying the original GC/MS chromatograms obtained for the standard mixture (C = 2 µg/mL of 40 compounds) and real sample extracts (soil samples with different total organic carbon content and one cardboard extract) spiked with standards. Total average match factor for all the substances identified in a standard mixture was 874 (near 900—“excellent match”), and for all the substances in the real samples, it was 786 (near 800—“good match”). The results from PARADISe were comparable to those obtained with other programs: AMDIS (NIST) and MassHunter (Agilent), tested also in this work. PARADISe software can be effectively used for chromatogram deconvolution and substance identification.
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KUMAR, SHANKAR, YONGGANG DENG, and WILLIAM BYRNE. "A weighted finite state transducer translation template model for statistical machine translation." Natural Language Engineering 12, no. 1 (December 6, 2005): 35–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324905003815.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We present a Weighted Finite State Transducer Translation Template Model for statistical machine translation. This is a source-channel model of translation inspired by the Alignment Template translation model. The model attempts to overcome the deficiencies of word-to-word translation models by considering phrases rather than words as units of translation. The approach we describe allows us to implement each constituent distribution of the model as a weighted finite state transducer or acceptor. We show that bitext word alignment and translation under the model can be performed with standard finite state machine operations involving these transducers. One of the benefits of using this framework is that it avoids the need to develop specialized search procedures, even for the generation of lattices or N-Best lists of bitext word alignments and translation hypotheses. We report and analyze bitext word alignment and translation performance on the Hansards French-English task and the FBIS Chinese-English task under the Alignment Error Rate, BLEU, NIST and Word Error-Rate metrics. These experiments identify the contribution of each of the model components to different aspects of alignment and translation performance. We finally discuss translation performance with large bitext training sets on the NIST 2004 Chinese-English and Arabic-English MT tasks.
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Samokhin, Andrey, Ksenia Sotnezova, and Igor Revelsky. "Predicting the absence of an unknown compound in a mass spectral database." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 25, no. 6 (June 10, 2019): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469066719855503.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Only a small subset of known organic compounds (amenable for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) is present in the largest mass spectral databases (such as NIST or Wiley). Nevertheless, library search algorithms available in the market are not able to predict the absence of a compound in the database. In the present work, we have tried to implement such prediction by means of supervised classification. Training and validation set contained 1500 and 750 compounds, respectively. Two prediction sets (containing 750 and about 3000 mass spectra) were considered. The easiest-to-use models were built with only one input variable: match factor of the best candidate or InLib factor (both parameters were calculated within MS Search (NIST) software). Multivariate classification models were built by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA); match factors of top n candidates were used as input variables. PLS-DA was found to be the most effective approach. The prediction efficiency strongly depended on the ‘uniqueness’ of mass spectra presented in the test set. PLS-DA model was able to correctly predict the absence of a compound in the database in 29.9% for prediction set #1 and in 74.4% for prediction set #2 (only 1.3% and 2.5% of compounds actually presented in the database were wrongly classified).
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Saramago, Pedro, Huiqin Yang, Alexis Llewellyn, Ruth Walker, Melissa Harden, Stephen Palmer, Susan Griffin, and Mark Simmonds. "High-throughput non-invasive prenatal testing for fetal rhesus D status in RhD-negative women not known to be sensitised to the RhD antigen: a systematic review and economic evaluation." Health Technology Assessment 22, no. 13 (March 2018): 1–172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta22130.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BackgroundHigh-throughput non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for fetal rhesus (D antigen) (RhD) status could avoid unnecessary treatment with routine anti-D immunoglobulin for RhD-negative women carrying a RhD-negative fetus, although this may lead to an increased risk of RhD sensitisations.ObjectivesTo systematically review the evidence on the diagnostic accuracy, clinical effectiveness and implementation of high-throughput NIPT and to develop a cost-effectiveness model.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE and other databases, from inception to February 2016, for studies of high-throughput NIPT free-cell fetal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) tests of maternal plasma to determine fetal RhD status in RhD-negative pregnant women who were not known to be sensitised to the RhD antigen. Study quality was assessed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) and A Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool: for Non-Randomised Studies of Interventions (ACROBAT-NRSI). Summary estimates of false-positive rates (FPRs) and false-negative rates (FNRs) were calculated using bivariate models. Clinical effectiveness evidence was used to conduct a simulation study. We developed a de novo probabilistic decision tree-based cohort model that considered four alternative ways in which the results of NIPT could guide the use of anti-D immunoglobulin antenatally and post partum. Sensitivity analyses (SAs) were conducted to address key uncertainties and model assumptions.ResultsEight studies were included in the diagnostic accuracy review, seven studies were included in the clinical effectiveness review and 12 studies were included in the review of implementation. Meta-analyses included women mostly at or post 11 weeks’ gestation. The pooled FNR (women at risk of sensitisation) was 0.34% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15% to 0.76%] and the pooled FPR (women needlessly receiving anti-D) was 3.86% (95% CI 2.54% to 5.82%). SAs did not materially alter the overall results. Data on clinical outcomes, including sensitisation rates, were limited. Our simulation suggests that NIPT could substantially reduce unnecessary use of antenatal anti-D with only a small increase in the risk of sensitisation. All large implementation studies suggested that large-scale implementation of high-throughput NIPT was feasible. Seven cost-effectiveness studies were included in the review, which found that the potential for the use of NIPT to produce cost savings was dependent on the cost of the test. Our de novo model suggested that high-throughput NIPT is likely to be cost saving compared with the current practice of providing routine antenatal anti-D prophylaxis to all women who are RhD negative. The extent of the cost saving appeared to be sufficient to outweigh the small increase in sensitisations. However, the magnitude of the cost saving is highly sensitive to the cost of NIPT itself.LimitationsThere was very limited evidence relating to the clinical effectiveness of high-throughput NIPT, with no evidence on potential adverse effects. The generalisability of the findings to non-white women and multiple pregnancies is unclear.ConclusionsHigh-throughput NIPT is sufficiently accurate to detect fetal RhD status in RhD-negative women from 11 weeks’ gestation and would considerably reduce unnecessary treatment with routine anti-D immunoglobulin, potentially resulting in cost savings of between £485,000 and £671,000 per 100,000 pregnancies if the cost of implementing NIPT is in line with that reflected in this evaluation.Future workFurther research on the diagnostic accuracy of NIPT in non-white women is needed.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42015029497.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Seifert, M., J. Ström, R. Krejci, A. Minikin, A. Petzold, J. F. Gayet, H. Schlager, H. Ziereis, U. Schumann, and J. Ovarlez. "Aerosol-cirrus interactions: A number based phenomenon at all?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 3, no. 4 (July 15, 2003): 3625–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-3-3625-2003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. In situ measurements of the partitioning of aerosol particles within cirrus clouds were used to investigate aerosol-cloud interactions in ice clouds. The number density of interstitial aerosol particles (non-activated particles in between the cirrus crystals) was compared to the number density of cirrus crystal residuals. The data was obtained during the two INCA (Interhemispheric Differences in Cirrus Properties form Anthropogenic Emissions) campaigns, performed in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitudes. Different aerosol-cirrus interactions can be linked to the different stages of the cirrus lifecycle. Cloud formation is linked to positive correlations between the number density of interstitial aerosol (Nint) and crystal residuals (Ncvi), whereas the correlations are smaller or even negative in a dissolving cloud. Unlike warm clouds, where the number density of cloud droplets is positively related to the aerosol number density, we observed a rather complex relationship when expressing Ncvi as a function of Nint for forming clouds. The data sets are similar in that they both show local maxima in the Nint range 100 to 200 cm−3, where the SH-maximum is shifted towards the higher value. For lower number densities Nint and Ncvi are positively related. The slopes emerging from the data suggest that a tenfold increase in the aerosol number density corresponds to a 3 to 4 times increase in the crystal number density. As Nint increases beyond the ca. 100 to 200 cm−3, the mean crystal number density decreases at about the same rate for both data sets. For much higher aerosol number densities, only present in the NH data set, the mean Ncvi remains low. The situation for dissolving clouds presents two alternative interactions between aerosols and cirrus. Either evaporating clouds are associated with a source of aerosol particles, or air pollution (high aerosol number density) retards evaporation rates.
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Zhang, Jing Jing, Qing Jie Qi, and Chan Juan Xu. "Numerical Simulation of Fire in Logistics Center." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 984–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.984.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Goods and shelves are closely and numerously put in the logistics center, so there are many hidden dangers. People’s life safety and property safety are threatened by fire. The key of putting out fire and evacuating people is to grasp the changes of the important parameters in the fire. In this paper the FDS (Fire Dynamic Simulator) software developed by the U. S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is used to build a fire model and sets two fire scenarios to analyze the fire spreading process in logistics center. According to the numerical simulation results, reasonable suggestions are put forward in the end.
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Dellas, Vicky, Dorine Collard, Caro-Lynn Verbaan, Erik Beune, and Annemarie Wagemakers. "Wat werkt in een integrale aanpak van overgewicht voor mensen met een lage sociaaleconomische status en/of een niet westerse migratieachtergrond?" TSG - Tijdschrift voor gezondheidswetenschappen 99, no. 4 (October 14, 2021): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12508-021-00315-w.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SamenvattingHet percentage mensen met ernstig overgewicht neemt de komende jaren toe, vooral onder mensen met een kwetsbare positie, zoals groeperingen met een lage sociaaleconomische status (SES) en/of een niet-westerse migratieachtergrond. Overgewicht is een complex probleem dat vraagt om een integrale aanpak. Het doel van dit onderzoek is het voor deze doelgroepen identificeren van potentieel werkzame elementen van een integrale aanpak gericht op overgewicht. In dit exploratief kwalitatieve onderzoek zijn twaalf groepsinterviews met 25 professionals en vier focusgroepgesprekken met 24 mensen uit de doelgroep gehouden. In totaal zijn 41 potentieel werkzame elementen geïdentificeerd voor een succesvolle integrale aanpak. Deze zijn ingedeeld op het individuele, programma, gemeentelijk en landelijk niveau, en op de sociale en fysieke omgeving. Hiervan hebben achttien potentieel werkzame elementen specifiek betrekking op mensen met een lage SES en/of niet-westerse migratieachtergrond. Daarnaast zijn vier competenties van professionals geïdentificeerd die in potentie kunnen bijdrage aan een werkzame integrale aanpak: verbinden, durven, integraal werken, volhouden. De twee randvoorwaarden tijd en financiële middelen lijken relevant op alle niveaus. Dit exploratieve onderzoek laat zien dat een integrale aanpak van professionals niet alleen vraagt dat zij verschillende potentieel werkzame elementen (tegelijkertijd) inzetten, maar ook dat ze zich continu en proactief inspannen om dit te realiseren.
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Gamsjäger, Heinz, John W. Lorimer, Mark Salomon, David G. Shaw, and Reginald P. T. Tomkins. "The IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series: A guide to preparation and use of compilations and evaluations (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 82, no. 5 (March 22, 2010): 1137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-rep-09-10-33.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series (SDS) is an ongoing project that provides comprehensive reviews of published data for solubilities of gases, liquids, and solids in liquids or solids. Data are compiled in a uniform format, evaluated, and, where data from independent sources agree sufficiently, recommended values are proposed. This paper is a guide to the SDS and is intended for the benefit of both those who use the SDS as a source of critically evaluated solubility data and who prepare compilations and evaluations for future volumes. A major portion of this paper presents terminology and nomenclature currently recommended by IUPAC and other international bodies and relates these to obsolete forms that appear in the older solubility literature. In addition, this paper presents a detailed guide to the criteria and procedures used in data compilation, evaluation, and presentation and considers special features of solubility in gas + liquid, liquid + liquid, and solid + liquid systems. In the past, much of this information was included in introductory sections of individual volumes of the SDS. However, to eliminate repetitive publication, this information has been collected, updated, and expanded for separate publication here.
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Liu, Zhen-Shu, Chuen-Fu Lin, Chung-Pei Lee, Min-Chi Hsieh, Hung-Fu Lu, Ying-Fang Chen, Yu-We Ku, and Po-Wen Chen. "A Single Plasmid of Nisin-Controlled Bovine and Human Lactoferrin Expressing Elevated Antibacterial Activity of Lactoferrin-Resistant Probiotic Strains." Antibiotics 10, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10020120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein found in mammals, and it shows broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. To improve the functional properties of specific probiotics in order to provide both the beneficial characteristics of lactic acid bacteria and the biological activity of LF, cDNAs of bovine LF (BLF), human LF (HLF), or porcine LF (PLF) were cloned into a nisin-inducible plasmid. These were then transformed into the selected eight probiotics, which are LF-resistant hosts. Expression of recombinant LFs (rLFs) was analyzed via SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. Although the selected host strains may not contain the nisRK genes (NisK, the sensor kinase; NisR, the regulator protein), the components of autoregulation, a low level of LFs expression can be successfully induced by using nisin within bacterial cells in a time-dependent manner in three engineered clones, including Lactobacillus delbrueckii/HLF, L. delbrueckii/BLF, and L. gasseri/BLF. Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus gasseri originate from yogurt and human milk, respectively, and both strains are functional probiotic strains. Therefore, we further compared the antibacterial activities of disrupted recombinant probiotic clones, conventional strains (host control), and vector control ones by using agar diffusion and broth inhibition analysis, and the expression of rLFs in the above three clones considerately improved their antibacterial efficacies against four important food-borne pathogens, namely, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Salmonellaenterica. In conclusion, this study provides a simple strategy for the production of functional LFs (BLF and HLF) in both functional and LF-resistant hosts for applications in the field.
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Seifert, M., J. Ström, R. Krejci, A. Minikin, A. Petzold, J. F. Gayet, H. Schlager, H. Ziereis, U. Schumann, and J. Ovarlez. "Aerosol-cirrus interactions: a number based phenomenon at all?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, no. 2 (February 13, 2004): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-293-2004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. In situ measurements of the partitioning of aerosol particles within cirrus clouds were used to investigate aerosol-cloud interactions in ice clouds. The number density of interstitial aerosol particles (non-activated particles in between the cirrus crystals) was compared to the number density of cirrus crystal residuals. The data was obtained during the two INCA (Interhemispheric Differences in Cirrus Properties from Anthropogenic Emissions) campaigns, performed in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitudes. Different aerosol-cirrus interactions can be linked to the different stages of the cirrus lifecycle. Cloud formation is linked to positive correlations between the number density of interstitial aerosol (Nint) and crystal residuals (Ncvi), whereas the correlations are smaller or even negative in a dissolving cloud. Unlike warm clouds, where the number density of cloud droplets is positively related to the aerosol number density, we observed a rather complex relationship when expressing Ncvi as a function of Nint for forming clouds. The data sets are similar in that they both show local maxima in the Nint range 100 to 200cm, where the SH- maximum is shifted towards the higher value. For lower number densities Nint and Ncvi are positively related. The slopes emerging from the data suggest that a tenfold increase in the aerosol number density corresponds to a 3 to 4 times increase in the crystal number density. As Nint increases beyond the ca. 100 to 200cm, the mean crystal number density decreases at about the same rate for both data sets. For much higher aerosol number densities, only present in the NH data set, the mean Ncvi remains low. The situation for dissolving clouds allows us to offer two possible, but at this point only speculative, alternative interactions between aerosols and cirrus: evaporating clouds might be associated with a source of aerosol particles, or air pollution (high aerosol number density) might retard ice particle evaporation rates.
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Gamsjäger, Heinz. "Solubility phenomena in science and education: Experiments, thermodynamic analyses, and theoretical aspects." Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 2059–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-13-01-04.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Solubility equilibria between solid salts, salt hydrates, and water play an important role in fundamental and applied branches of chemistry. The continuous interest in this field has been reflected by the 15th International Symposium on Solubility Phenomena as well as by the ongoing IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series (SDS), which by now comprises close to 100 volumes. Three typical examples concerning solubility phenomena of ionic solids in aqueous solutions are discussed: (1) sparingly soluble, simple molybdates; (2) sparingly soluble ionic solids with basic anions; and (3) hydrolysis of inert hexa-aqua-M(III) ions, where M is Ir, Rh, or Cr. In the first two cases, essential experimental details are discussed, an outline of thermodynamic analyses is given, and theoretical aspects are emphasized. In the third case, an educational suggestion is made.
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Simien, Clayton E., Samuel M. Brewer, Joseph N. Tan, John D. Gillaspy, and Craig J. Sansonetti. "Progress at NIST in measuring the D-lines of Li isotopes using an optical frequency synthesizerThis paper was presented at the International Conference on Precision Physics of Simple Atomic Systems, held at École de Physique, les Houches, France, 30 May – 4 June, 2010." Canadian Journal of Physics 89, no. 1 (January 2011): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p10-096.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Precise spectroscopic experiments with light atoms can provide information about nuclear properties that are very difficult to obtain in electron scattering experiments. For example, relative nuclear radii of low-Z isotopes can be determined accurately from isotope shifts. Theory has attained sufficient accuracy to study exotic, short-lived halo nuclei by interpreting precise spectroscopic measurements. However, serious inconsistencies remain in the measured isotope shifts for the D1 and D2 lines of the stable isotopes (6Li and 7Li). The latest experiments, within the last decade, are in strong disagreement with each other and with theory. We report on the progress of a new experiment at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to measure these lithium D lines using an optical frequency comb. A preliminary result for the splitting isotope shift (SIS) is presented.
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Sagawa, H., T. O. Sato, P. Baron, E. Dupuy, N. Livesey, J. Urban, T. von Clarmann, et al. "Comparison of SMILES ClO profiles with satellite, balloon-borne and ground-based measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6, no. 12 (December 6, 2013): 3325–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-3325-2013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. We evaluate the quality of ClO profiles derived from the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) on the International Space Station (ISS). Version 2.1.5 of the level-2 product generated by the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) is the subject of this study. Based on sensitivity studies, the systematic error was estimated as 5–10 pptv at the pressure range of 80–20 hPa, 35 pptv at the ClO peak altitude (~ 4 hPa), and 5–10 pptv at pressures &leq; 0.5 hPa for daytime mid-latitude conditions. For nighttime measurements, a systematic error of 8 pptv was estimated for the ClO peak altitude (~ 2 hPa). The SMILES NICT v2.1.5 ClO profiles agree with those derived from another level-2 processor developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) within the bias uncertainties, except for the nighttime measurements in the low and middle latitude regions where the SMILES NICT v2.1.5 profiles have a negative bias of ~ 30 pptv in the lower stratosphere. This bias is considered to be due to the use of a limited spectral bandwidth in the retrieval process of SMILES NICT v2.1.5, which makes it difficult to distinguish between the weak ClO signal and wing contributions of spectral features outside the bandwidth. In the middle and upper stratosphere outside the polar regions, no significant systematic bias was found for the SMILES NICT ClO profile with respect to data sets from other instruments such as the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), the Odin Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (SMR), the Envisat Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), and the ground-based radiometer at Mauna Kea, which demonstrates the scientific usability of the SMILES ClO data including the diurnal variations. Inside the chlorine-activated polar vortex, the SMILES NICT v2.1.5 ClO profiles show larger volume mixing ratios by 0.4 ppbv (30%) at 50 hPa compared to those of the JAXA processed profiles. This discrepancy is also considered to be an effect of the limited spectral bandwidth in the retrieval processing. We also compared the SMILES NICT ClO profiles of chlorine-activated polar vortex conditions with those measured by the balloon-borne instruments: Terahertz and submillimeter Limb Sounder (TELIS) and the MIPAS-balloon instrument (MIPAS-B). In conclusion, the SMILES NICT v2.1.5 ClO data can be used at pressures &leq; ~30 hPa for scientific analysis.
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Ismarti, Ismarti, Dody Dwi Handoko, Kuwat Triyana, Hamzah M. Salleh, Nurrulhidayah A. Fadzillah, and Noor Faizul Hadry Nordin. "Study on Volatile Compounds of Gelatine and The Maillard Reaction Products from Different Species Using SPME-GCMS." Science and Technology Indonesia 7, no. 2 (April 19, 2022): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/sti.2022.7.2.132-139.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Food fraud and adulteration are the global issues, currently. One important issue is about gelatine since it comes from many sources of animals. Therefore, analytical method for gelatine must be developed and used for the authentication. This study was conducted to investigate the Volatile Compounds (VCs) of gelatine and the Maillard Reaction Products (MRPs) which are responsible to their aroma. Three gelatine standards from bovine, fish and porcine bought from Sigma Aldrich were used. A high reactivity reducing sugar namely xylose was used in the Maillard Reaction (MR). A Solid Phase Micro Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (SPME-GC-MS) used to evaluate the VCs in the samples. The VCs were identified by comparing the mass spectra of the compounds with database of NIST library. Moreover, retention time using the n-Alkane index were compared with literature data. There were 67 VCs have been identified. Among them, furfural, acetic acid, nonanone, dimethyl disulphide and decanone were considered as the important volatiles in gelatine due to its abundance. In the MRPs, furfural, 1-(2-furanylmethyl)-1H-pyrrole, 1-(2-furanyl)- ethanone, acetic acid and 2,2’-bifuran were predominant. Additionally, heptanol, octanal, nonanal, nonanone, dimethyl disulphide and dimethyl trisulphide could be considered as the important compounds due to its low odour threshold value. The compounds had a direct influence on the overall aroma of samples and could be potential to use in gelatine differentiation.
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Zhang, Wei, and Xianrui Liang. "Headspace Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Volatile Components Analysis in Ipomoea Cairica (L.) Sweet Leaves: Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green Extraction and Dilution Matrix." Foods 8, no. 6 (June 11, 2019): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8060205.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) were used as both the extraction and dilution matrix in static headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SHS-GC-MS) for the analysis of volatile components in Ipomoea cairica (L). Sweet (ICS) leaves. Six NADESs were prepared and the NADESs composed of choline chloride and glucose with a 1:1 molar ratio containing 15% water were preferred due to the better peak responses. A total of 77 volatiles in ICS leaves were detected and tentatively identified by mass spectral matching with the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, 2014) Mass Spectral Library and the retention index-assisted qualitative method. These 77 volatile components were mainly terpenoids, aromatics, and aliphatics. Among them, β-elemene, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and 2, 4-di-tert-butylphenol were found to be the main components. This investigation verified that the use of NADESs is an efficient green extraction and dilution matrix of the SHS-GC-MS method for direct volatile component analysis of plant materials without extra extraction work.
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Forster, Dennis, Abdul-Saboor Sheikh, and Jörg Lücke. "Neural Simpletrons: Learning in the Limit of Few Labels with Directed Generative Networks." Neural Computation 30, no. 8 (August 2018): 2113–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01100.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We explore classifier training for data sets with very few labels. We investigate this task using a neural network for nonnegative data. The network is derived from a hierarchical normalized Poisson mixture model with one observed and two hidden layers. With the single objective of likelihood optimization, both labeled and unlabeled data are naturally incorporated into learning. The neural activation and learning equations resulting from our derivation are concise and local. As a consequence, the network can be scaled using standard deep learning tools for parallelized GPU implementation. Using standard benchmarks for nonnegative data, such as text document representations, MNIST, and NIST SD19, we study the classification performance when very few labels are used for training. In different settings, the network's performance is compared to standard and recently suggested semisupervised classifiers. While other recent approaches are more competitive for many labels or fully labeled data sets, we find that the network studied here can be applied to numbers of few labels where no other system has been reported to operate so far.
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Bracken, Allen T. "Finite Mixture Models for Nonidentical Multiple Tooled Manufacturing." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 128, no. 4 (March 7, 2006): 996–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2280635.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents a novel method to assess nonidentical multiple tooled (NIMT) manufacturing processes (like multiple cavity injection molding) using finite mixture distribution (FMD) models. A stepwise methodology is presented, including supporting mathematics and statistics. The methodology is illustrated and supported by its application to two sets of real multicavity injection molding data. The method is commercially relevant and is significant in that it allows enhanced examination of the fraction of the parts nonconforming or better setting of the specification level. Included are discussions of FMD models versus normal models and novel tail probability comparison methods (ratio of tail probabilities and log PDF comparisons). The methodology is recommended for NIMT processes, and is thought to better address the adequacy evaluation of processes where there are multiple nonidentical distributions mixing in production.
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TULYAKOV, SERGEY, CHAOHONG WU, and VENU GOVINDARAJU. "ON THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OPTIMAL COMBINATION FUNCTIONS FOR VERIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 24, no. 02 (March 2010): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001410007944.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We have investigated different scenarios of combining pattern matchers. The combination problem can be viewed as a construction of a postprocessing classifier operating on the matching scores of the combined matchers. The optimal combination algorithm for verification systems corresponds to the likelihood ratio combination function. It can be implemented by the direct reconstruction of this function with genuine and impostor score density approximations. However, the optimal combination algorithm for identification systems is difficult to express analytically. We will show that this difficulty is caused by the dependencies between matching scores assigned to different classes by the same classifier. The experiments on the large sets of scores from handwritten word recognizers operating on postal images and biometric matchers (NIST biometric score set BSSR1) confirm the existence of such dependencies and that the optimal combination functions for verification and identification systems are different.
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Morshneva, Alisa, Polina Kozyulina, Elena Vashukova, Olga Tarasenko, Natalia Dvoynova, Anastasia Chentsova, Olga Talantova, et al. "Pilot Screening of Cell-Free mtDNA in NIPT: Quality Control, Variant Calling, and Haplogroup Determination." Genes 12, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12050743.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Clinical tests based on whole-genome sequencing are generally focused on a single task approach, testing one or several parameters, although whole-genome sequencing (WGS) provides us with large data sets that can be used for many supportive analyses. In spite of low genome coverage, data of WGS-based non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) contain fully sequenced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). This mtDNA can be used for variant calling, ancestry analysis, population studies and other approaches that extend NIPT functionality. In this study, we analyse mtDNA pool from 645 cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples of pregnant women from different regions of Russia, explore the effects of transportation and storing conditions on mtDNA content, analyse effects, frequency and location of mitochondrial variants called from samples and perform haplogroup analysis, revealing the most common mitochondrial superclades. We have shown that, despite the relatively low sequencing depth of unamplified mtDNA from cfDNA samples, the mtDNA analysis in these samples is still an informative instrument suitable for research and screening purposes.
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Aditia, Indra, Oky Dwi Nurhayati, and Eko Didik Widianto. "Aplikasi Android Pengendali Pintu Otomatis Melalui Media SMS." Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Komputer 3, no. 2 (April 20, 2015): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jtsiskom.3.2.2015.267-274.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Maraknya tindak kejahatan yang dilakukan pada zaman sekarang membuat resah semua kalangan masyrakat. Salah satu tindak kejahatan yang sangat populer adalah pencurian yang dilakukan dengan cara memaksa masuk ke rumah. Kejahatan seperti ini tidak sepenuhnya terjadi karena niat jahat melainkan dapat terjadi karena kelalaian pemilik rumah yang lupa untuk mengunci pintu ataupun kurangnya keamanan yang dipasang dalam suatu rumah. Oleh karena itu dibuatlah sebuah aplikasi yang dapat membantu memonitoring keadaan pintu, mengunci atau membuka pintu jarak jauh dan memberikan notifikasi bila ada pembobolan yaitu Aplikasi Pengendali Pintu Otomatis (APPO). APPO adalah aplikasi perangkat lunak yang digunakan untuk mengontrol Doors Control System (DCS). Pembuataan aplikasi ini dengan menggunakan bahasa java dengan Eclipse. APPO ini akan menggunakan SMS sebagai pengiriman data dengan DCS. APPO akan mengirimkan SMS perintah dan mengartikan balasan yang diberkan oleh DCS dalam tampilan yang mudah dipahami oleh pengguna. Hasil dari pembuatan Aplikasi Pengendali Pintu Otomatis ini adalah terwujudnya aplikasi yang dapat berkomunikasi dengan Sistem Pengendali Pintu yang telah terpasang pada pintu yang ditentukan. Aplikasi ini dapat melalukan control pintu dari jarak yang jauh untuk mengunci, membuka kunci pintu, mengecek status pintu dan memberikan alarm bila ada pembobolan.
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Windsor, Eric, Robert Carlton, Scott Wightal, and Charles Lyman. "SRM 482: Revisited After 30 Years." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 678–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600029469.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The National Institute of Standards and Technology’s (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 482 was issued by The National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in 1969 i has been continuously available to the public for over 30 years [1]. The standard cons of a set of 6 wires. Each wire is approximately 0.5 mm in diameter and 5 cm long. Tl wires represent different compositions within the binary copper-gold alloy system. Included in the set are the two end member compositions, pure copper and pure gold, along with 4 alloys of nominal composition: Au80-Cu20, Au60-Cu40, Au40-Cu60 an< Au20-Cu80. SRM 482 was produced specifically for the purpose of microanalysis usi the electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA).Recent metallographic preparation of these wires revealed the presence of surface blemishes on some of the prepared wires (Figure la). Two of the authors from differei affiliations recently prepared cross-sections of SRM wires from separately purchased sets. Each was unaware of the procedures used by the other.
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Breßler, Ingo, Joachim Kohlbrecher, and Andreas F. Thünemann. "SASfit: a tool for small-angle scattering data analysis using a library of analytical expressions." Journal of Applied Crystallography 48, no. 5 (September 20, 2015): 1587–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576715016544.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SASfitis one of the mature programs for small-angle scattering data analysis and has been available for many years. This article describes the basic data processing and analysis workflow along with recent developments in theSASfitprogram package (version 0.94.6). They include (i) advanced algorithms for reduction of oversampled data sets, (ii) improved confidence assessment in the optimized model parameters and (iii) a flexible plug-in system for custom user-provided models. A scattering function of a mass fractal model of branched polymers in solution is provided as an example for implementing a plug-in. The newSASfitrelease is available for major platforms such as Windows, Linux and MacOS. To facilitate usage, it includes comprehensive indexed documentation as well as a web-based wiki for peer collaboration and online videos demonstrating basic usage. The use ofSASfitis illustrated by interpretation of the small-angle X-ray scattering curves of monomodal gold nanoparticles (NIST reference material 8011) and bimodal silica nanoparticles (EU reference material ERM-FD-102).
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Van de Venne, Hans. "Cornelius Rekenarius Hulstensis, drukker en schoolmeester in het Calvinistisch Gent (1579-1585)." Ghendtsche Tydinghen 45, no. 4_5 (August 31, 2016): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/gt.v45i4_5.16813.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cornelius Rekenarius die tot halverwege het jaar 1581 zijn naam schreef als ‘Cornelis de Rekenaere’, maar daarna als ‘Cornelis de Rekenare’, werd geboren in Hulst en niet in Gent, zoals vaak is beweerd. Het predikaat ‘Hulsten sis’ dat hij in 1593 ter aanduiding van zijn plaats van herkomst onder twee door hem geschreven lofdichten aan zijn naam heeft toegevoegd, levert daarvan het bewijs. Doordat hij zich beide keren ‘Hulstenaar’ noemt, is het boven alle twijfel verheven dat zijn wieg in die plaats in Noordoost-Vlaanderen heeft gestaan