Статті в журналах: "Nineteenth century Australian history"

1

Kingston, Beverley. "Women in Nineteenth Century Australian History." Labour History, no. 67 (1994): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27509277.

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Archbold, N. "Nineteenth Century Views on the Australian Marine Permian." Earth Sciences History 5, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.5.1.au03316525485655.

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Marine Permian sequences and faunas are widely distributed on the Australian continent and Tasmania. Marine fossils were found in eastern Australia as early as 1804 and were first described in 1825. Progressive investigations during the nineteenth century established the essential constituents of the eastern Australian faunas and the general nature of the sedimentary sequences. Nevertheless the faunas were invariably ascribed by local stratigraphers to the Carboniferous System, or after 1879 when the term Permo-Carboniferous was introduced by Robert Etheridge Jr, to the latter age. Rarely, a Permian age was indicated for the sequence.Western Australian Marine faunas were not studied systematically until the 1880s and available collections were small. However, even these early studies revealed few similarities with eastern faunas. Western faunas were invariably referred to the Carboniferous Period until well into the twentieth century.

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3

Elder, Catriona. "The Proposition: Imagining Race, Family and Violence on the Nineteenth-Century Australian Frontier." Ilha do Desterro A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English and Cultural Studies 69, no. 2 (June 7, 2016): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2016v69n2p165.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2016v69n2p165This article analyses John Hillcoat’s 2005 film The Proposition in relation to a spate of Australian films about violence and the (post)colonial encounter released in the early twenty-first century. Extending on Felicity Collins and Therese Davis argument that these films can be read in terms of the ways they capture or refract aspects of contemporary race relations in Australia in a post-Mabo, this article analyses how The Proposition reconstructs the trauma of the Australian frontier; how from the perspective of the twenty-first century it worries over the meaning of violence on the Australian frontier. It also explores what has become speakable (and remains unspeakable) in the public sphere about the history of the frontier encounter, especially in terms of family and race. The article argues that The Proposition and other early twenty-first century race relations films can be understood as post-reconciliation films, emerging in a period when Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians were rethinking ideas of belonging through a prism of post-enmity and forgiveness. Drawing on the theme of violence and intimate relations in the film, this article argues that the challenges to the everyday formulation of Australian history proffered in The Proposition reveal painful and powerful differences amongst Australian citizens’ understanding of who belongs and how they came to belong to the nation. I suggest that by focusing on violence in terms of intimacy, relationships, family and kin, it is possible to see this film presented an opportunity to begin to refigure ideas of belonging.

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HUTCHINSON, MARK. "History as Civil Religion: Writing Australian History in the Nineteenth Century." Journal of Religious History 16, no. 2 (December 1990): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9809.1990.tb00659.x.

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5

Nettelbeck, Amanda. "Creating the Aboriginal Vagrant." Pacific Historical Review 87, no. 1 (2018): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2018.87.1.79.

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This article considers how shifting programs of Aboriginal protection in nineteenth-century Australia responded to Indigenous mobility as a problem of colonial governance and how they contributed over time to creating an emergent discourse of the Aboriginal “vagrant.” There has been surprisingly little attention to how the legal charge of vagrancy became applied to Indigenous people in colonial Australia before the twentieth century, perhaps because the very notion of the Aboriginal vagrant was subject to ambivalence throughout much of the nineteenth century. When vagrancy laws were first introduced into Australia’s colonies, Aboriginal people were exempt from them as a group not yet subject to the ordinary regulatory codes of colonial society. Bringing them within the protective fold of colonial social order was one of the principal tasks of the office of ‘protection’ that was introduced into three Australian jurisdictions during the late 1830s. As the nineteenth century progressed and Aboriginal people became more susceptible to social order policing, a concept of Indigenous vagrancy hardened into place, and programs of protection became central to its management.

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6

Jensz, Felicity. "Three Peculiarities of the Southern Australian Moravian Mission Field." Journal of Moravian History 7, no. 1 (2009): 6–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41179859.

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Abstract The nineteenth-century Moravian mission field of Southern Australia has received little attention in Moravian narratives or in contemporary historical analyses. Although it was relatively small in terms of converts, and short-lived in comparison to some other Moravian missionary fields, it had a profound impact on indigenous Australians and the colonial history of Australia. Tins essay provides an analysis of the Southern Australian Moravian mission field by examining three peculiarities of the field: the lack of native literature; the payment of a missionary by another church; and, the "double positions" held by Moravians as both missionaries and as governmental officials. These three peculiarities themselves diverge from the dominant Moravian missionary narrative, and thus, through their analysis, a more complex and nuanced history of this mission field is presented.

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7

Bonnell, Andrew G. "Transnational Socialists? German Social Democrats in Australia before 1914." Itinerario 37, no. 1 (April 2013): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115313000284.

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Emigration from the German states was a mass phenomenon in the “long” nineteenth century. Much of this migration was of course labour migration, and German workers were very much on the move during the nineteenth century: in addition to the traditional Wanderschaft (travels) of journeymen, the century saw increasing internal migration within and between German-speaking lands, migration from rural areas to cities, and the participation of working people in emigration to destinations outside Europe. Over five million Germans left the German states from 1820 to 1914, with a large majority choosing the United States as their destination, especially in the earliest waves of migration. By comparison with the mass migration to North America, the flow of German migrants to the British colonies in Australia (which federated to form a single Commonwealth in 1901) was a relative trickle, but the numbers were still significant in the Australian context, with Germans counted as the second-largest national group among European settlers after the “British-born” (which included the Irish) in the nineteenth century, albeit a long way behind the British. After the influx of Old Lutheran religious dissidents from Prussia to South Australia in the late 1830s, there was a wave of German emigrants in the 1840s and 1850s, driven by the “push” factor of agrarian and economic crisis in the German states in the 1840s followed by the attraction of the Australian gold rushes and other opportunities, such as land-ownership incentives. While the majority of German settlers were economic migrants, this latter period also saw the arrival in the Australian colonies of a few “Forty-Eighters,” radicals and liberals who had been active in the political upheavals of 1848–9, some of whom became active in politics and the press in Australia. The 1891 census counted over 45,000 German-born residents in the Australian colonies.

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8

Whitehead, Kay. "Australian women educators’ internal exile and banishment in a centralised patriarchal state school system." Historia y Memoria de la Educación, no. 17 (December 18, 2022): 255–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/hme.17.2023.33121.

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This article explores Australian women teachers’ struggles for equality with men from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. While Australia purported to be a progressive democratic nation, centralised patriarchal state school systems relied on women teachers to fulfil the requirements of free, compulsory and secular schooling. This study focuses on the state of South Australia where women were enfranchised in 1894, far ahead of European countries. However, women teachers were subjected to internal exile in the state school system, and banished by the marriage bar. The article begins with the construction of the South Australian state school system in the late nineteenth century. The enforcement of the marriage bar created a differentiated profession of many young single women who taught prior to marriage; a few married women who required an income; and a cohort of senior single women who made teaching a life-long career and contested other forms of subordination to which all women teachers were subject. Led by the latter group, South Australian women teachers pursued equality in early twentieth century mixed teachers unions and post-suffrage women’s organisations; and established the Women Teachers Guild in 1937 to secure more equal conditions of employment. The paper concludes with the situation after World War Two when married women were re admitted to the state school system to resolve teacher shortages; and campaigns for equal pay gathered momentum. In South Australia, the marriage bar was eventually removed in 1972.

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9

Cruz, Gemma Tulud. "Mission Tracks in the Bush." Interreligious Studies and Intercultural Theology 3, no. 1-2 (April 5, 2019): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/isit.35575.

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Christian missionaries played an important role in the Australian nation building that started in the nineteenth century. This essay explores the multifaceted and complex cultural encounters in the context of two aboriginal missions in Australia in the nineteenth century. More specifically, the essay explores the New Norcia mission in Western Australia in 1846-1900 and the Lutheran mission in South Australia in 1838-1853. The essay begins with an overview of the history of the two missions followed by a discussion of the key faces of the cultural encounters that occurred in the course of the missions. This is followed by theological reflections on the encounters in dialogue with contemporary theology, particularly the works of Robert Schreiter.

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10

Guoth, Nicholas. "Advancing trade with China: The Eastern and Australian Mail Steam Company and the 1873–1880 mail contract." International Journal of Maritime History 31, no. 2 (May 2019): 263–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871419833524.

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The Eastern and Australian Mail Steam Company altered the dynamics of sea transport between China and Australia in the late nineteenth century. From 1873 to 1880, this shipping company initiated a new, regular, and permanent route between China and Australia that assisted in the development of stronger trade relationships. The company fulfilled this on the back of a mail contract with the Queensland government. What transpired during the mail contract, its impacts, and its legacies have left an indelible, though unrecognised, positive mark on Australia’s trade relationships with China. As such, Eastern and Australian were one of the pioneers in brokering regular international trade routes for colonial Australian merchants and governments. They also became an integral element in the eventual transition from sail to steam, not only along the China-Australia route but also for all Australian international shipping.

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11

Jensz, Felicity, Eeva Langeveld, Henrike Steltner, and André Krischer. "The subjectification of the nineteenth-century maritime spectator: Shipboard diaries as maritime history." International Journal of Maritime History 34, no. 4 (November 2022): 597–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08438714221142260.

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In contrast to shipboard journals of the eighteenth century, which often served the function of providing ‘objective’ information for scientific and political networks, shipboard diaries of the nineteenth century reveal a discursive change in which there is a subjectification of the journey. This subjectification, we argue, is evident in the ways in which fee–paying passengers used such diaries as a way to make sense of their experiences of being at sea. Here we examine the 1829 journal of James A. Gardner on his travels aboard a ship from Britain to Australia. We focus on how Gardner described trial scenes on board in the confined space of the ship and his fantasies of the potential of Australian land for settler–colonists. These two aspects of the subject–orientated nineteenth century shipboard diary illuminate how the sea influenced and nurtured contemporaneous British ideas of entertainment, moral codes and hierarchies, as well as colonial ideologies.

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12

Monteath, Peter. "Globalising German Anthropology: Erhard Eylmann in Australia." Itinerario 37, no. 1 (April 2013): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115313000247.

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The German presence in nineteenth-century South Australia is associated primarily with the immigration of Prussian Lutherans escaping religious persecution in their homeland. Their settlement in the fledgling British colony aided its early, stuttering development; in the longer term it also fitted neatly South Australia's perception of itself as a “paradise of dissent.” These Germans took their religion seriously, none more so than the Lutheran missionaries who committed themselves to bringing the Gospel to the indigenous people of the Adelaide plains and, eventually, much further afield as well. In reality, however, the story of the German contribution to the history of this British colony extended far beyond these pious Lutherans. Among those who followed in their wake, whether as settlers or travellers, were Germans of many different backgrounds, who made their way to the Antipodes for a multitude of reasons. In South Australia as much as anywhere, globalising Germany was a multi-facetted project.The intellectual gamut of Germans in South Australia is nowhere more evident than in the realm of anthropology. The missionaries were not alone in displaying a keen interest in the Australian Aborigines. Anthropologists steeped in the empirical tradition that came to dominate the nascent discipline at the end of the nineteenth century also turned their attention to Australia. Indeed, in Germany and elsewhere, Australia occupied a special position in international discourse. The American anthropologist Lewis Henry Morgan had observed in 1880 that Australian aboriginal societies “now represent the condition of mankind in savagery better than it is elsewhere represented on the earth—a condition now rapidly passing away.”

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13

Ellinghaus, Katherine. "The Moment of Release." Pacific Historical Review 87, no. 1 (2018): 128–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2018.87.1.128.

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During the twentieth century some Australian states and the U.S. federal government enacted comparable policies that demonstrate how the discourse of protection continued to survive in an era when settler nations were focussed on “assimilating” Indigenous populations. The Australian policy of exemption and the U.S. policy of competency did not represent a true change in direction from past policies of protection. In contrast to the nineteenth century, though, these twentieth-century policies offered protection to only a deserving few. Drawing on records of exemption and competency from New South Wales and Oklahoma in the 1940s and 1950s, this article shows how the policies of exemption and competency ostensibly gave the opportunity for some individuals to prove that they no longer needed the paternalism of colonial governments. They were judged using very different local criteria. In Australia, applicants were mostly judged on whether they engaged in “respectable” use of alcohol; in the United States, applicants were assessed on whether they had “business sense.”

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14

Davies, Peter, and Susan Lawrence. "Flows of water on a nineteenth-century Australian goldfield." Water History 5, no. 3 (July 25, 2013): 331–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12685-013-0082-2.

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15

Trotman, Janina. "Women Teachers in Western Australian “Bush” Schools, 1900-1939: Passive Victims of Oppressive Structures?" History of Education Quarterly 46, no. 2 (2006): 248–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2006.tb00067.x.

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Demography, distance, and die expansion of settlements created problems for the State Department of Education in Western Australia and other Australian states in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Educational administration in Canada and parts of the United States faced similar issues with regard to the provision of schools. A common response was the establishment of one-teacher rural schools, frequently run by young, and sometimes unclassified, female teachers. In the United States locally elected school boards were the primary source of regulation, but in late nineteenth-century Western Australia such local boards had been stripped of their powers and were answerable to the newly established, highly centralized Education Department. Formal regulated teachers. The masculinized system of the Department and its inspectorate. All the same, however, the local community still exerted informal controls over the lives of teachers working and living in small settlements.

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16

Hoffenberg, Peter H. "Nineteenth-Century Australian Scientists and the Unholy Australian Trinity: Overcoming Distance, Exile and Wandering at Exhibitions." Britain and the World 2, no. 2 (March 2010): 227–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2010.0204.

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17

McAlister, Jodi. "‘Feelings Like the Women in Books’: Declarations of Love in Australian Romance Novels, 1859–1891." Emotions: History, Culture, Society 2, no. 1 (August 7, 2018): 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2208522x-02010005.

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Abstract This essay analyses the declarations of love in six popular romantic novels written by female Australian writers published in the latter half of the nineteenth century. By doing so, it seeks to explore the effect of the colonial Australian setting on the ways in which romantic love is imagined and constructed in the texts. Drawing on the work of Monique Scheer, who argues that emotions are practised as well as experienced, and that fictional representations can operate as templates for these practices, this essay sheds light on the emotional and romantic history and culture of colonial Australia.

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BLACK, ALAN W. "The Genesis of Australian Agricultural Colleges in the Nineteenth Century." Australian Journal of Politics & History 21, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.1975.tb01133.x.

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19

Van Heekeren, Margaret. "Stop the Presses: Strikes in the Australian News Media." Media International Australia 150, no. 1 (February 2014): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1415000111.

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Despite a preference for conciliation and arbitration, and a commitment to the public service role of information provision, the Australian news media have a long history of strikes disrupting news production. In detailing this history, from 1829 to the present day, this article draws from archival and newspaper research to supplement previously published accounts of major strikes to create a chronology of strikes that halted news production for a day or longer. The sector's strike history can be categorised into three distinct eras: nineteenth-century printers' strikes; major-impact journalists' and printers' strikes of the mid-twentieth century; and low-impact strikes of the 2000s.

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20

Keneley, Monica. "British Fire Insurers in Australia, 1860–1920: A Story of Enterprise, Luck, and Resilience." Business History Review 94, no. 3 (2020): 535–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680520000562.

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The global expansion of British insurers in the nineteenth century has been a feature of insurance history that has highlighted the strategic nature of the multinational enterprise (MNE). The growth of the Australian colonies from the mid-nineteenth century attracted the interest of these overseas insurers. This article considers the challenges these firms faced and the way in which these trials were overcome. Effective networks were important in establishing a market presence in the Australian colonies. A combination of enterprise, luck, and resilience assisted in building these links. The experience of British insurers in the colonies sheds light on the processes of MNE expansion into markets beyond their range of tacit knowledge and expertise.

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21

Morgan, Ruth A. "Fueling the Colonial Future." Pacific Historical Review 90, no. 2 (2021): 183–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2021.90.2.183.

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As its record in California, southern India, and elsewhere suggests, of the many biotic exchanges of the long nineteenth century, the case of the Australian blue gum tree (Eucalyptus globulus) is one that especially transcends bilateral, spatial, or imperial framing. The blue gum instead invites more material and temporal perspectives to its spread: since its reputation accrued over time in diverse colonial settings, its adoption was contingent on the extent to which local tree cover was feared to have been depleted, and its growth was hoped to secure the futures of colonial states. Focusing on nineteenth-century understandings of the biological characteristics of the blue gum in southeastern Australia, South Asia and California, and the circulation of this knowledge between these sites, this article draws on the insights of neo-materialism to argue that this tree’s value and importance lay in its perceived ability to rapidly provide fuel wood for the empowerment of colonial states. This article is part of the “Crossroads of Indo-Pacific Environmental Histories” special issue of Pacific Historical Review.

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Brice, Ian D. "Ethnic Masculinities in Australian Boys’ Schools: Scots and Irish secondary schools in late nineteenth‐century Australia." Paedagogica Historica 37, no. 1 (January 2001): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0030923010370109.

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23

Mcnamara, Kenneth, and Frances Dodds. "The Early History of Palaeontology in Western Australia: 1791-1899." Earth Sciences History 5, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.5.1.t85384660311h176.

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The exploration of the coast of Western Australia by English and French explorers in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries led to the first recorded discoveries of fossiliferous rocks in Western Australia. The first forty years of exploration and discovery of fossil sites in the State was restricted entirely to the coast of the Continent. Following the establishment of permanent settlements in the 1820s the first of the inland fossil localities were located in the 1830s, north of Albany, and north of Perth. As new land was surveyed; particularly north of Perth, principally by the Gregory brothers in the 1840s and 1850s, Palaeozoic rocks were discovered in the Perth and Carnarvon Basins. F.T. Gregory in particular developed a keen interest in the geology of the State to such an extent that he was able, at a meeting of the Geological Society of London in 1861, to present not only a geological map of part of the State, but also a suite of fossils which showed the existence of Permian and Hesozoic strata. The entire history of nineteenth century palaeontology in Western Australia was one of discovery and collection of specimens. These were studied initially by overseas naturalists, but latterly, in the 1890s by Etheridge at The Australian Museum in Sydney. Sufficient specimens had been collected and described by the turn of the century that the basic outline of the Phanerozoic geology of the sedimentary basins was reasonably well known.

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BROWN, NICHOLAS. "BORN MODERN: ANTIPODEAN VARIATIONS ON A THEME." Historical Journal 48, no. 4 (December 2005): 1139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x05004954.

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Making peoples: a history of the New Zealanders from Polynesian settlement to the end of the nineteenth century. By James Belich. London: Penguin, 2001. Pp. 497. ISBN 0-14-100639-0. £9.99.Paradise reforged: a history of the New Zealanders from the 1880s to the year 2000. By James Belich. London: Allen Lane, 2002. Pp. 606. ISBN 0-7139-9172-0. £25.00.The Enlightenment and the origins of European Australia. By John Gascoigne. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xviii+233. ISBN 0-521-80343-80. £45.00.Australian ways of death: a social and cultural history, 1840–1918. By Pat Jalland. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002. Pp. vi+378. ISBN 0-19-550754-1. £15.99.White flour, white power: from rations to citizenship in central Australia. By Tim Rowse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Pp. xiii+255. ISBN 0-521-62457-6. £40.00.The five books covered here might seem a random sample: antipodean oddments from the edge of a review editor's desk. Their subject matter – from ‘ways of death’ in Australia to rationing policies for indigenous Australians – is diverse, as are their approaches: a scholarly assessment of the influence of Enlightenment ideas in the Australian colonies through to a massive two-volume general history of New Zealand to 2000. Yet even in this eclectic mix there are common themes, reflecting current interests and models in the writing of history in both countries. For some time, Australia and New Zealand have been productively positioned in relation to European social change as ‘born modern’ experiments, or at least as colonies which forced or anticipated aspects of the modernity shaping metropolitan centres. There have been several phases of historiography advancing this thesis, each reflecting a desire on the part of historians ‘down under’ to relate their account to wider dynamics, or to incorporate models that redress or refute the ‘isolation’ of their history by exploring categories extending beyond the national chronicle. More recently, historians of post-colonialism have returned the interest. They have traced in the extension of colonialism many of the crucial factors shaping core elements of nineteenth-century European nationalism, even the concept of Europe itself. In complex patterns of interdependence within ‘empire’, these historians have also identified several themes of ‘modernity’: reflexive approaches to ‘self’ and identity; discursive matrices of liberal government; the application and testing of the Enlightenment project of ‘reason’ and the ‘disenchantment’ of scientific knowledge and classification.

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Quartly, Marian. "Comfort and Judgement: Nineteenth Century Advice Manuals and the Scripting of Australian Identity." Australian Historical Studies 51, no. 3 (July 2, 2020): 356–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2020.1784521.

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Garaty, Janice, Lesley Hughes, and Megan Brock. "Seeking the voices of Catholic Teaching Sisters: challenges in the research process." History of Education Review 44, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-03-2014-0022.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to encourage historical research on the educational work of Catholic Sisters in Australia which includes the Sisters’ perspectives. Design/methodology/approach – Reflecting on the experiences of research projects which sought Sisters’ perspectives on their lives and work – from archival, oral and narrative sources – the authors discuss challenges, limitations and ethical considerations. The projects on which the paper is based include: a contextual history of a girls’ school; a narrative history of Sisters in remote areas; an exploration of Sisters’ social welfare work in the nineteenth century, and a history of one section of a teaching order from Ireland. Findings – After discussing difficulties and constraints in accessing convent archives, issues in working with archival documents and undertaking a narrative history through interviews the authors suggest strategies for research which includes the Sisters’ voices. Originality/value – No one has written about the processes of researching the role of Catholic Sisters in Australian education. Whilst Sisters have been significant providers of schooling since the late nineteenth century there is a paucity of research on the topic. Even rarer is research which seeks the Sisters’ voices on their work. As membership of Catholic women’s religious orders is diminishing in Australia there is an urgent need to explore and analyse their endeavours. The paper will assist researchers to do so.

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UNWIN, TIMOTHY. "French-to-Australian Translation: Travellers of the Later Nineteenth Century." Australian Journal of French Studies 57, no. 1 (April 2020): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ajfs.2020.11.

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Pigott, Louis J. "Silvester Diggles (1817–1880), Australian ornithologist." Archives of Natural History 31, no. 2 (October 2004): 253–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2004.31.2.253.

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Silvester Diggles, a gifted natural history artist and amateur naturalist with interests in entomology and ornithology, flourished in Australia in the third quarter of the nineteenth century. He wrote and illustrated (but published only in part) The ornithology of Australia (1865–1870) which appeared not long after John Gould's The birds of Australia (1840–1848). This paper examines Diggles' role as a bird artist, explores his standing as an ornithologist and seeks to unravel some of the complexities of his book in both published and unpublished components.

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McDermid, Jane. "Home and Away: A Schoolmistress in Lowland Scotland and Colonial Australia in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century." History of Education Quarterly 51, no. 1 (February 2011): 28–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2010.00309.x.

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Writing in this journal in 1993, Marjorie Theobald examined the history of middle-class women's education in late-eighteenth-century Britain and its transference and adaptation to colonial Australia in the nineteenth century. She questioned both the British historical perception that before the middle of the nineteenth century middle-class parents showed little, if any, interest in their daughters' education, and the Australian assumption that the transplantation of the private female academy (or seminary) was simply a reflection of the scramble for respectability by a small middle class scattered among a convict society. Theobald found that, as in Britain by the early 1800s, these schools—all private and run for profit by the wives and daughters of clergy and other professional men—shared a remarkably similar curriculum, generally advertised as “An English education with the usual accomplishments.” This was not, she argued, an elementary education, but rather was rooted in the liberal arts tradition and had been influenced by the search for stability within a rapidly industrializing Britain. The daughters of the British middle classes were to be taught how to deploy their learning discreedy, to ensure that it was at the service of their domestic role and civilizing influence.

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Dowling, Peter. "Truth versus art in nineteenth‐century graphic journalism: The colonial Australian case." Media History 5, no. 2 (December 1999): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13688809909357955.

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31

Wilkins, Ian. "Scientists at Sea: British Seagoing Naturalists in Australian Waters in the Nineteenth Century." International Journal of Maritime History 13, no. 1 (June 2001): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387140101300105.

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32

Selleck, R. J. W. "Rocks in his Head: Importing European science to a nineteenth‐century Australian university." Paedagogica Historica 37, no. 1 (January 2001): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0030923010370110.

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33

Mullins, Steve. "VRIJBUITERS! AUSTRALIAN PEARL-SHELLERS AND COLONIAL ORDER IN THE LATE NINETEENTH- CENTURY MOLUCCAS." Mariner's Mirror 96, no. 1 (January 2010): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2010.10657127.

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34

Waterhouse, Richard. "Bare‐Knuckle prize fighting, masculinity and nineteenth century Australian culture." Journal of Australian Studies 26, no. 73 (January 2002): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443050209387770.

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35

Noble, Jim. "Guest editorial." Rangeland Journal 23, no. 1 (2001): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj01009.

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Анотація:

The last two decades of the twentieth century have seen a burgeoning interest in Australian history. Much of this interest has been engendered by major national events such as the bicentenary of European settlement in 1988 and more recently, the centenary of Federation, yet there has also been a growing public acceptance of the existence of another, less tangible, history of Australia that predates the arrival of Europeans. While reflecting a heightened sense of national confidence and maturity, this awareness also relates to a growing community concern about major environmental problems now looming on a national scale. The fact that many of these issues had emerged by the end of the nineteenth century provided clear evidence that landuse practices transplanted from elsewhere were not always sustainable in Australian environments. It is not surprising therefore, that environmental history is seen by many today, as particularly relevant to any comprehensive analysis of land management and land management policies. Only by understanding clearly what has happened in the past through an objective examination of all available sources of information is it possible to identify critical factors and processes underpinning contemporary environmental issues.

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36

Gardner, Helen Bethea. "From Site to Text: Australian Aborigines and The Origin of the Family." Itinerario 34, no. 3 (December 2010): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115310000665.

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Missions were not simply sites of modernity, they were also the source of key data for the modernist theories of human progress. The idea that so called “primitive peoples” provided a window to the origins of human institutions seemed axiomatic to nineteenth-century theorists of human society who sought evidence for these ideas from settlers, administrators and particularly missionaries. The 1870s and 1880s were the high point of missionary engagement with study-bound anthropologists, as questionnaires and letters were sent from the centres to the edges of empires. Missionary responses, augmented with settler and explorer observations, became the footnotes in early anthropological texts on “primitive” societies. These analyses were then mined for the foundation texts of the other social sciences in the late nineteenth century. Along with many other scholars, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels read the anthropology of the period and slotted the findings into their analyses of human society.

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37

Lucas, A. M. "The Scientific Savant in Nineteenth-Century Australia. (Historical Records of Australian Science, 11 [3].). R. W. Home." Isis 89, no. 3 (September 1998): 555–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/384119.

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38

Araújo, Nathanael, and Ana Paula da Costa. "“I want to find real readers, discover their responses to books and their reading practices”. The story of printed production by Martyn Lyons." Todas as Artes Revista Luso-Brasileira de Artes e Cultura 3, no. 2 (2020): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/21843805/tav3n2p2.

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Martyn Lyons is an Emeritus Professor of European History and Studies at the University of New South Wales, Australia. Specialist in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, his main research interests are the history of the book, reading and writing, French history and Australian history. He published around sixteen books with the results of his work and gave us this interview at the Third Argentine Colloquium on Book and Edition Studies (CAELE), held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from November 7 to 9, 2018. As a guest of honor, he presented the opening speech of the event entitled "The century of the typewriter. How the typewriter influenced writing practices" and generously, he agreed to give this interview to two young researchers in the field of publishing, book and reading in Brazil.

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39

Bagnall, Kate. "Rewriting the History of Chinese Families in Nineteenth-Century Australia." Australian Historical Studies 42, no. 1 (March 2011): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2010.538419.

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40

Neilson, Briony. "“Moral Rubbish in Close Proximity”: Penal Colonization and Strategies of Distance in Australia and New Caledonia, c.1853–1897." International Review of Social History 64, no. 3 (July 10, 2019): 445–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859019000361.

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AbstractIn the second half of the nineteenth century, the two convict-built European settler colonial projects in Oceania, French New Caledonia and British Australia, were geographically close yet ideologically distant. Observers in the Australian colonies regularly characterized French colonization as backward, inhumane, and uncivilized, often pointing to the penal colony in New Caledonia as evidence. Conversely, French commentators, while acknowledging that Britain's transportation of convicts to Australia had inspired their own penal colonial designs in the South Pacific, insisted that theirs was a significantly different venture, built on modern, carefully preconceived methods. Thus, both sides engaged in an active practice of denying comparability; a practice that historians, in neglecting the interconnections that existed between Australia and New Caledonia, have effectively perpetuated. This article draws attention to some of the strategies of spatial and temporal distance deployed by the Australian colonies in relation to the bagne in New Caledonia and examines the nation-building ends that these strategies served. It outlines the basic context and contours of the policy of convict transportation for the British and the French and analyses discursive attempts to emphasize the distinctions between Australia and New Caledonia. Particular focus is placed on the moral panic in Australian newspapers about the alleged dangerous proximity of New Caledonia to the east coast of Australia. I argue that this moral panic arose at a time when Britain's colonies in Australia, in the process of being granted autonomy and not yet unified as a federated nation, sought recognition as reputable settlements of morally virtuous populations. The panic simultaneously emphasized the New Caledonian penal colony's geographical closeness to and ideological distance from Australia, thereby enabling Australia's own penal history to be safely quarantined in the past.

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41

Proctor, Helen. "The hidden historiography of migration and Australian schooling." History of Education Review 48, no. 2 (September 26, 2019): 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-08-2019-0032.

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Purpose Despite Australia’s history as an exemplary migrant nation, there are gaps in the literature and a lack of explicit conceptualisation of either “migrants” or “migration” in the Australian historiography of schooling. The purpose of this paper is to seek out traces of migration history that nevertheless exist in the historiography, despite the apparent silences. Design/methodology/approach Two foundational yet semi-forgotten twentieth-century historical monographs are re-interpreted to support a rethinking of the relationship between migration and settler colonialism in the history and historiography of Australian schooling. Findings These texts, from their different school system (state/Catholic) orientations, are, it is argued, replete with accounts of migration despite their apparent gaps, if read closely. Within them, nineteenth-century British migrants are represented as essentially entitled constituents of the protonation. This is a very different framing from twentieth century histories of migrants as minority or “other”. Originality/value Instead of an academic reading practice that dismisses and simply supersedes old work, this paper proposes that fresh engagements with texts from the past can yield new insights into the connections between migration, schooling and colonialism. It argues that the historiography of Australian schooling should not simply be expanded to include or encompass the stories of “migrants” within a “minority studies” framework, although there is plenty of useful work yet to be accomplished in that area, but should be re-examined as having been about migration all along.

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Eddy, J. J., and Luke Trainor. "British Imperialism and Australian Nationalism: Manipulation, Conflict and Compromise in the Late Nineteenth Century." American Historical Review 101, no. 5 (December 1996): 1602. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2170301.

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43

Prossor, Lauren, Susan Lawrence, Alasdair Brooks, and Jane Lennon. "Household Archaeology, Lifecycles and Status in a Nineteenth-Century Australian Coastal Community." International Journal of Historical Archaeology 16, no. 4 (October 17, 2012): 809–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10761-012-0202-1.

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44

Gibson, Jason, and Helen Gardner. "Conversations on the Frontier: Finding the Dialogic in Nineteenth-century Anthropological Archives." History Workshop Journal 88 (2019): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbz024.

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Abstract While anthropological archives tend to be named after the collector of the material, they are often the product of conversations and long-term engagements with informants. Focusing on the concept of the dialogic, this article contends that these materials ought to be equally conceived as co-productions, often made via complex, asymmetrical researcher/researched engagements. We specifically home in on the dialogic traces left in the archive of the nineteenth century Australian ethnographer A. W. Howitt and his various conversations with an Aboriginal man named Ienbin. We argue that by being attentive to the dialogic aspects of ethnographic sources we can recognize that the Indigenous or anthropological knowledge contained within them is to a significant degree co-constructed in as much as it emerges from social encounter and interaction. More than merely acknowledging the agency of Indigenous informants we propose a more dynamic reading of these texts as products of discursive interactions and shifting relationships.

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45

van Damme, Wilfried. "Not What You Expect: The Nineteenth-Century European Reception of Australian Aboriginal Art." Konsthistorisk Tidskrift/Journal of Art History 81, no. 3 (September 2012): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00233609.2012.702682.

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46

Whitehead, Kay. "German Schools and Teachers in Nineteenth‐Century South Australia." Paedagogica Historica 37, no. 1 (January 2001): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0030923010370104.

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47

Tee, Garry J. "Mathematics in the Pacific Basin." British Journal for the History of Science 21, no. 4 (December 1988): 401–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400025322.

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The development of systematic mathematics requires writing, and hence a non-literate culture cannot be expected to advance mathematics beyond the stage of numeral words and counting. The hundreds of languages of the Australian aborigines do not seem to have included any extensive numeral systems. However, the common assertions to the effect that ‘Aborigines have only one, two, many’ derive mostly from reports by nineteenth century Christian missionaries, who commonly understood less mathematics than did the people on whom they were reporting. Of course, in recent decades almost all Aborigines have been involved with the dominant European-style culture of Australia, and even those who are not literate have mostly learned to use English-style numerals and to handle money. Similar qualifications should be understood when speaking of any recent primitive culture.

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48

Tennant, Margaret. "Fundraising, Flirtation and Fancywork: Charity Bazaars in Nineteenth Century Australia." Australian Historical Studies 45, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2014.877801.

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49

Russell, Penny. "THE BRASH COLONIAL: CLASS AND COMPORTMENT IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY AUSTRALIA." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 12 (November 21, 2002): 431–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s008044010200018x.

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50

BROWN, GAVIN. "“The Evil State of Tepidity”: Mass-Going and Absenteeism in Nineteenth-Century Australian Ecclesiastical Discourse." Journal of Religious History 33, no. 1 (March 2009): 28–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9809.2009.00745.x.

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