Дисертації з теми "Nid électronique"
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Bécot, Lorry. "Sélectionner des poules pondeuses adaptées à des systèmes d'élevage alternatifs à la cage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NSARC165.
Повний текст джерелаCage rearing systems of laying hens is disappearing in Europe, in favour of cage-free systems that offer living conditions more respectful of the animals’ welfare. Hens live in groups and have access to nests for the egg-laying. Usually, laying hens have been bred in breeding programmes based on a measurement of the egg-laying in cages. The development of electronic nests that continuously record egg-laying in the nests offers the opportunity to change breeding programmes by raising pure lines in groups and on the floor.The first objective of this thesis was to characterize the egg-laying in nests and to study the genetic determinism of potential selection criteria to improve it. The second objective was to estimate the effects of genotype-by-environment interactions between floor and cage systems, for egg quality and body weight.The third and last objective was to explore a reorganisation of breeding programmes assuming the end of the use of cages.The egg-laying in nests was studied through 14 new traits related to egg-laying, laying rhythm, nest preference, time spent in the nest, and social behaviour. Heritability estimates for these traits were moderate-to-high and genetic correlations were low with egg quality and body weight. Genotype-by environment interactions were found to be limited. These results confirm the opportunity of selecting hens on egg-laying without the use of cages
Bengone, Olivier. "Étude des propriétés électroniques et structurales de NiO massif et des surfaces NiO(001) et NiO(111)." Metz, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2000/Bengone.Olivier.SMZ0043.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSerier, Hélène Martine. "Autour des fluorures et oxydes de zinc : propriétés opto-électroniques et magnéto-électroniques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13845/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the opto-electronic and magnetic properties of zinc oxides and fluorides. In a first part, NIR absorption / reflection properties of aluminium and gallium doped zinc oxides powders have been studied. Dopant rates have been accurately determined for different experimental conditions and correlated with optical properties which were measured by diffuse reflection spectrometry. The same investigation has been performed on zinc fluoride but this compound could not have been doped by aluminium because of high chemical stability of aluminium fluoride. However, a structural study has been carried out on zinc hydroxyfluoride, which can be doped by aluminium. The last part of this dissertation deals with the investigation of carriers effect, which can be followed by diffuse reflection, on magnetic properties of cobalt doped zinc oxide. Free carriers have beeb no effect, only a paramagnetic behaviour has been observed
Richard, Cyril. "Spectroscopie électronique et effet zeeman dans le radical NiH." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00595685.
Повний текст джерелаSerier, Hélène. "Autour des fluorures et oxydes de zinc : propriétés opto-électroniques et magnéto-électroniques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453822.
Повний текст джерелаMarrouche, Abdelkhalek. "Caractérisation par microscopie électronique en transmission de joints de grains d'oxyde NiO formé par oxydation." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112128.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis presents the results of a statistical study of the geometrical features of grain boundaries in nickel oxide NiO obtained by thermal oxidation of nickel. This work is divided into two parts: The first is a critical study of the methods used to determine the geometrical characteristics of the grain boundaries, orientation relationships, coincidence index, criteria of specialty, grain boundary plane. In the second part, we present the date of the study of 128 boundaries taken in 3 types of specimen resulting either from oxidation or additionally annealed. The following features were examined for each sample: granular morphology, distribution and density of dislocations, distribution of grain boundaries between subgrain boundaries and boundaries, oxidation texture, orientation relationships, "special" grain boundaries. It is shown in particular that boundaries parallel to a {011} plane are quite unstable and that the proportion of coincident boundaries is higher than that existing in a randomly distributed sample
Laroui, Hamid. "Caractérisation cristallographique et analyse chimique en microscopie électronique en transmission de l'eutectique orienté lamellaire NiO-(ZrO₂, CaO)." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112147.
Повний текст джерелаGuindet, Thierry. "Etude par spectrométrie d'électrons Auger et diffraction d'électrons de haute énergie sous incidence rasante de l'interaction du soufre moleculaire S2 avec la surface NiO (100), films minces de molybdène métallique déposé sur la surface NiO(100)." Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOS008.
Повний текст джерелаKamal, Mohamed. "Contribution à l'étude de la distribution des états électroniques de NiO dans l'état fondamental : utilisation de l'approximation LSDA+U." Metz, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1995/Kamal.Mohamed.SMZ9504.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe electronic state distribution of the NiO antiferromagnetic ground state has been studied within the local spin density approximation. All electrons, including the localized 3D electrons, are described by means of itinerant states according to the translational symmetry. The wave functions and energies are obtained self-consistently through a spin polarized linear combination of atomic orbitals method. Unlike a classical calculation, the charge fluctuations have been taken into account and related to a potential acting specifically on the 3D electrons. The main term in that potential is the on-site electrostatic interaction U between two electrons. The presence of U alters the repartition of the allowed and forbidden electronic states as well as the degree of hybridyzation of the eigenfunctions. The results show that the occupied 3D bands are narrow and nearly separated. The calculated gap value is in agreement with the experimental value when U is adjusted to 5. 4 eV. The occupied and empty 3D functions are those predicted by the ligand field applied to an atom in a cubic surrounding. The oxygen 2p bands reside below the small dispersive metallic 3D bands and confer a Mott insulating character to NiO. Nevertheless the full bands are not entirely pure because U enhances the ratio of the oxygen 2p functions within these bands. The theoretical electronic state diagram allows the interpretation of the whole experimental results particulary the optical absorption and the photoemission. Finally the satisfactory agreement with the angular photoemission spectra shows the ability of our approch to describe the ground state of NiO
Neubeck, Wolfgang. "Etude des propriétés magnétiques et électroniques des oxydes de métaux de transition MnO, CoO, NiO et CuO par diffraction magnétique de rayons X." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10216.
Повний текст джерелаPilard, Marie. "Couplage magnétique de films ultra-minces NiO antiferromagnétiques sur des films ferrimagnétiques de Fe3O4(001)." Strasbourg 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13158.
Повний текст джерелаWe have studied the correlations between structural, chemical and magnetic properties in ultrathin NiO films deposited on Fe3O4 (001) in order to describe the magnetic coupling. In the first part, we present the structural characteristics of NiO/Fe3O4 (001). In particular, the High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy observations have revealed a strained crystalline structure at the NiO/Fe3O4 (001) interface. In a second part, we have studied the magnetic properties of NiO/Fe3O4 (001) bilayers. The quantitative data, obtained by X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroïsm, show strong reductions in the magnetic spin and orbital moments proportional with the growth temperature of NiO. The reduced magnetic moments can be explained by the formation of a spinel compound NiFe2O4 at the interface. The last part of the work is devoted to the X-PEEM results. The magnetic contrast images obtained show perfect and parallel coupling between the spins in the NiO and Fe3O4 layers
Chazel, Cédric. "Etude par RMN de matériaux d'électrode pour batteries lithium-ion." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00092375.
Повний текст джерелаEn suivant la transformation de la phase lamellaire LiNiO2 en phase spinelle LiNi2O4 par RMN du lithium, nous avons étudié la nature du signal asymétrique de LiNiO2 et l'influence de l'écart à la stoechiométrie du matériau, puis mis en évidence une mobilité électronique couplée à la mobilité ionique pour les phases désintercalées LixNiO2 en relation avec l'ordre Li/lacune et Ni3+/Ni4+, et enfin mis en évidence des défauts structuraux au sein de la spinelle LiNi2O4 obtenue par traitement thermique de Li0.5NiO2.
La RMN du lithium des phases intercalées issues des spinelles LiTi2O4 et Li4Ti5O12 a montré que Li2Ti2O4 est métallique avec un déplacement de Knight du signal de RMN du lithium identique à LiTi2O4, et que Li7Ti5O12 présente des signaux de nature intermédiaire entre déplacement de Knight et contact de Fermi.
Li, Li. "Modélisation numérique de l'endommagement des couches en proche surface : application aux systèmes Ni/NiO et Zr/ZrO2." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1929.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of the prediction of coated materials durability submitted to mechanical loadings, we have developed a numerical model based on damage mechanics able to describe oxide layer fracture for Ni/NiO and Zr/ZrO2 systems (the periodic crack pattern in the oxide layer and the debonding of the oxide layer). A finite element model combining strong discontinuity approach and interface elements has been used. To take into account the initial defects in the material, we consider randomly distributed limit stress in the oxide layer. A statistical analysis is performed to evaluate the “mean inter-crack distance” of the periodic crack pattern in the oxide layer. The developed model is based on an experimental analysis of the oxide layer fracture phenomenon. This analysis focuses on the observation of the oxide layer damage evolution with different levels of mechanical loadings. These observations are performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which allows to determine the “mean inter-crack distance” and by correlation with the numerical results, the model parameters (the limit stress of the metal/oxide interface, the crack energy of the periodic cracks) have been identified and our numerical approach has been validated
Houdé, Richard Solène. "Multifissuration de couches d’oxyde thermique sous chargement statique instrumenté par émission acoustique : application aux systèmes Ni/NiO et Zr/ZrO2." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2617.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is a work on the characterization of the damage of thermal oxide scales and in particular on the metal/oxide systems Ni/NiO and Zr/ZrO2. To study this damage, a multi-cracking test under SEM was carried out by coupling a traction micromachine with monitoring by acoustic emission inside the chamber of the scanning electron microscope. Various tests were carried out in order to configure the acoustic emission system to ensure that the recorded signals indeed come from the tensile specimens tested. This work made it possible to have a test making it possible to acquire the acoustic emission bursts specific to damage to Ni/NiO and Zr/ZrO2 systems under in-situ conditions. Thanks to this technical development, it was possible to propose damage scenarios for Ni/NiO and Zr/ZrO2 systems for two different oxide scale thicknesses (1 μm and 5 μm approximately) by coupling the information obtained by the SEM observations (on the surface of the specimens during tensile tests, and in cross section after rupture of the specimens) and analysis of the acoustic signals recorded during the tests. The analysis of the damage scenarios revealed notable differences between the two systems studied, but also differences within the same system depending on the oxidation conditions used to obtain the desired scale thicknesses. Beyond allowing proposals for damage scenarios, the analysis of the acoustic emission bursts made it possible to qualify different signatures for the propagation of cracks in mode I and in mode II
GATEL, Christophe. "Elaboration et étude d'un système hybride "Oxyde ferrimagnétique / Métal non magnétique / Oxyde ferrimagnétique"." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009159.
Повний текст джерелаNous avons étudié la croissance épitaxiale de couches simples de Fe3O4 et de CoFe2O4 sur Al2O3(0001) et MgO(001) afin d'obtenir respectivement une direction de croissance [111] et [001]. Nous nous sommes également intéressés à la croissance épitaxiale et à l'anisotropie d'échange de bicouches Fe3O4(5nm à 50nm)/NiO(66nm) dans ces deux mêmes directions de croissance. Nous avons ensuite étudié la croissance de métaux non oxydables (Pt, Au et Ag) sur les surfaces (001) et (111) de Fe3O4.
Ces résultats ont permis d'élaborer les systèmes épitaxiés Fe3O4/M(M=Au,Pt)/ CoFe2O4 sur Al2O3(0001). Les propriétés électriques montrent que les électrons sont confinés dans la couche métallique et qu'apparaît une GMR atteignant près de 1,8% à 10K due exclusivement aux réflexions électroniques sur les interfaces métal/oxyde avec certainement une contribution des réflexions spéculaires.
Mesguich, David. "Elaboration de matériaux nanostructurés pour piles à combustible SOFC: application à Nd2NiO4+δ et Ce1-xAxO2-y". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523977.
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