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Статті в журналах з теми "Nickel adverse effects":
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Ali, Usama, Magda El-Tohamy, and Gamal Ali. "ADVERSE EFFECTS OF NICKEL ON TESTICULAR EFFICIENCY OF MALE RABBITS." Zagazig Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 5, no. 2 (December 1, 1996): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/zjps.1996.185028.
Liu, Chenguang, Huan Xu, Hui Zhang, Peiyuan Liu, Gong Yang, Lili Cui, and Haiwen Wang. "Research Progress of the Effects of Trace S Element on the Microstructure of Cast Nickel-base Superalloys." E3S Web of Conferences 299 (2021): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129902004.
In the process of alloy melting and vacuum pouring, the impurity S element will inevitably be introduced into the nickel-base superalloys, which will cause adverse effects on the microstructure and properties of the cast nickel-base superalloys. In this paper, the research progress of S element in cast nickel-base superalloys is summarized. The effects of S element on the microstructure are described in detail from experimental researches and first-principles. The reasons for the grain boundary embrittlement caused by S atom are discussed, and the authors wish to provide some references for the better development of cast nickel-base superalloys.
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Beshir, Safia, Khadiga Salah Ibrahim, Weam Shaheen, and Eman M. Shahy. "Hormonal Perturbations in Occupationally Exposed Nickel Workers." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 4, no. 2 (March 31, 2016): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2016.046.
BACKGROUND: Nickel exposure is recognized as an endocrine disruptor because of its adverse effects on reproduction.AIM: This study was designed to investigate the possible testiculo-hormonal perturbations on workers occupationally exposed to nickel and to assess its effects on human male sexual function. METHODS: Cross-sectional comparative study, comprising 105 electroplating male non-smoker, non-alcoholic workers exposed to soluble nickel and 60 controls was done. Serum luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone levels and urinary nickel concentrations were determined for the studied groups. RESULTS: Serum luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, urinary nickel and the simultaneous incidence of more than one sexual disorder were significantly higher in the exposed workers compared to controls. The occurrence of various types of sexual disorders (decreased libido, impotence and premature ejaculation) in the exposed workers was 9.5, 5.1 and 4.4 folds respectively than the controls.CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to nickel produces possible testiculo-hormonal perturbations in those exposed workers.
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El Safty, Amal Mohamed Kamal, Aisha Mohamed Samir, Mona Kamal Mekkawy, and Marwa Mohamed Fouad. "Genotoxic Effects Due to Exposure to Chromium and Nickel Among Electroplating Workers." International Journal of Toxicology 37, no. 3 (March 19, 2018): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581818764084.
Using chromium and nickel for electroplating is important in many industries. This process induces variable adverse health effects among exposed workers. The aim of this study is to detect the genotoxic effects of combined exposure to chromium and nickel among electroplating workers. This study was conducted on 41 male workers occupationally exposed to chromium and nickel in the electroplating section of a factory compared to 41 male nonexposed individuals, where full history and clinical examination were performed. Laboratory investigations included measurement of serum chromium, nickel, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and micronuclei were measured in buccal cells. In exposed workers, serum chromium ranged from 0.09 to 7.20 µg/L, serum nickel ranged from 1.20 to 28.00 µg/L, serum 8-OHdG ranged from 1.09 to12.60 ng/mL, and these results were statistically significantly increased compared to nonexposed group ( P < 0.001). Electroplaters showed higher frequencies of micronuclei in buccal cells when compared to nonexposed (ranged from 20.00 to 130.00 N/1,000 versus 2.00 to 28.00 N/1,000; P < 0.001). Linear regression models were done to detect independent predictors of 8-OHdG and micronucleus test by comparing exposed and nonexposed groups. The model found that exposure to chromium and nickel increases serum 8-OHdG by 4.754 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.54-5.96). The model found that exposure to chromium and nickel increases micronucleus by 35.927 (95% CI: 28.517-43.337). Serum 8-OHdG and micronucleus test in buccal cells were increased with combined exposure to chromium and nickel. The current research concluded that workers exposed to nickel and chromium in electroplating industry are at risk of significant cytogenetic damage.
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More, Sharlee L., Michael Kovochich, Tara Lyons-Darden, Michael Taylor, Alexandra M. Schulte, and Amy K. Madl. "Review and Evaluation of the Potential Health Effects of Oxidic Nickel Nanoparticles." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030642.
The exceptional physical and chemical properties of nickel nanomaterials have been exploited in a range of applications such as electrical conductors, batteries, and biomaterials. However, it has been suggested that these unique properties may allow for increased bioavailability, bio-reactivity, and potential adverse health effects. Thus, the purpose of this review was to critically evaluate data regarding the toxicity of oxidic nickel nanoparticles (nickel oxide (NiO) and nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) nanoparticles) with respect to: (1) physico-chemistry properties; (2) nanomaterial characterization in the defined delivery media; (3) appropriateness of model system and translation to potential human effects; (4) biodistribution, retention, and clearance; (5) routes and relevance of exposure; and (6) current research data gaps and likely directions of future research. Inhalation studies were prioritized for review as this represents a potential exposure route in humans. Oxidic nickel particle size ranged from 5 to 100 nm in the 60 studies that were identified. Inflammatory responses induced by exposure of oxidic nickel nanoparticles via inhalation in rodent studies was characterized as acute in nature and only displayed chronic effects after relatively large (high concentration and long duration) exposures. Furthermore, there is no evidence, thus far, to suggest that the effects induced by oxidic nickel nanoparticles are related to preneoplastic events. There are some data to suggest that nano- and micron-sized NiO particles follow a similar dose response when normalized to surface area. However, future experiments need to be conducted to better characterize the exposure–dose–response relationship according to specific surface area and reactivity as a dose metric, which drives particle dissolution and potential biological responses.
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Zaitseva, N. V., M. A. Zemlyanova, Yu V. Koldibekova, and N. I. Bulatova. "Omic markers identification for predicting risks of negative effects in children with elevated copper and nickel contents in blood." Health Risk Analysis, no. 1 (March 2021): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2021.1.05.
Proteomic profiling is a promising procedure for examining and substantiating molecular mechanisms of body reactions occurrence and development as a response to adverse impacts; it allows detecting and examining these reactions at early stages in their development prior to cellular damage and damage to organs. Studies aimed at increasing efficiency of adverse effects prediction are especially vital for solving tasks related to early detection and prevention of consequences associated with exposure to chemical environmental factors, first of all, ambient air. Our research goal was to identify omic-markers for predicting risks of negative effects in children with elevated copper and nickel contents in blood. We performed proteomic blood plasma examination in children and modeled cause-and-effect relations. Children with copper and nickel contents in their blood being 3.5 times higher than physiological standard had approximately 20 protein stains that were authentically different from those detected in children from the reference group. We detected correlations between an increase in relative volume of three protein stains including apolipoprotein A-I, anchor protein of A-kinase 9, vitronectin, and a decrease in relative volume of one protein strain including transthyretin and elevated copper and nickel contents in blood (R2=0.30–0.44; р=0.0001–0.008). All the above-mentioned proteins have predictive significance when it comes down to negative effects related to neuroregulation disorders and endothelial dysfunction. It was proven that there was a risk of predicted negative effects such as greater frequency of nervous and cardiovascular system diseases in case copper and nickel contents in blood were elevated (R2=0.35–0.96; р=0.0001–0.013). The established list of potential target molecules (apolipoprotein A-I, vitronectin, anchor protein of A-kinase 9, and transthyretin) and genes that coded their expression (APOA1, VTN,AKAP9,TTR) was substantiated as omic-markers indicating a possibility that negative effects might occur in the cardiovascular and nervous system.
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Zaitseva, N. V., M. A. Zemlyanova, Yu V. Koldibekova, and N. I. Bulatova. "Omic markers identification for predicting risks of negative effects in children with elevated copper and nickel contents in blood." Health Risk Analysis, no. 1 (March 2021): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2021.1.05.eng.
Proteomic profiling is a promising procedure for examining and substantiating molecular mechanisms of body reactions occurrence and development as a response to adverse impacts; it allows detecting and examining these reactions at early stages in their development prior to cellular damage and damage to organs. Studies aimed at increasing efficiency of adverse effects prediction are especially vital for solving tasks related to early detection and prevention of consequences associated with exposure to chemical environmental factors, first of all, ambient air. Our research goal was to identify omic-markers for predicting risks of negative effects in children with elevated copper and nickel contents in blood. We performed proteomic blood plasma examination in children and modeled cause-and-effect relations. Children with copper and nickel contents in their blood being 3.5 times higher than physiological standard had approximately 20 protein stains that were authentically different from those detected in children from the reference group. We detected correlations between an increase in relative volume of three protein stains including apolipoprotein A-I, anchor protein of A-kinase 9, vitronectin, and a decrease in relative volume of one protein strain including transthyretin and elevated copper and nickel contents in blood (R2=0.30–0.44; р=0.0001–0.008). All the above-mentioned proteins have predictive significance when it comes down to negative effects related to neuroregulation disorders and endothelial dysfunction. It was proven that there was a risk of predicted negative effects such as greater frequency of nervous and cardiovascular system diseases in case copper and nickel contents in blood were elevated (R2=0.35–0.96; р=0.0001–0.013). The established list of potential target molecules (apolipoprotein A-I, vitronectin, anchor protein of A-kinase 9, and transthyretin) and genes that coded their expression (APOA1, VTN,AKAP9,TTR) was substantiated as omic-markers indicating a possibility that negative effects might occur in the cardiovascular and nervous system.
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Katsnelson, Boris A., Ivan N. Chernyshov, Svetlana N. Solovyeva, Ilzira A. Minigalieva, Vladimir B. Gurvich, Irene E. Valamina, Oleg H. Makeyev, et al. "Looking for the LOAEL or NOAEL Concentration of Nickel-Oxide Nanoparticles in a Long-Term Inhalation Exposure of Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (January 3, 2021): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010416.
Rats were exposed to nickel oxide nano-aerosol at a concentration of 2.4 ± 0.4 µg/m3 in a “nose only” inhalation setup for 4 h at a time, 5 times a week, during an overall period of 2 weeks to 6 months. Based on the majority of the effects assessed, this kind of exposure may be considered as close to LOAEL (lowest observed adverse effect level), or even to NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level). At the same time, the experiment revealed genotoxic and allergic effects as early as in the first weeks of exposure, suggesting that these effects may have no threshold at all.
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Hensten-Pettersen, Arne. "Casting Alloys: Side-Effects." Advances in Dental Research 6, no. 1 (September 1992): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374920060011401.
Side-effects from dental materials are a minor problem, but should be recognized. In recent questionnaire surveys about side-effects, the incidence was estimated to be 1:300 in periodontics and 1:2600 in pedodontics. None of these reactions was related to dental casting alloys. In prosthodontics, the incidence was calculated to be about 1:400, and about 27% were related to base-metal alloys forremovable partial dentures (cobalt, chromium, nickel) and to noble/goldbased alloys for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations. The complaints consisted of intra-oral reactions (such as redness, swelling, and pain of the oral mucosa and lips), oral/gingival lichenoid reactions, and a few instances of systemic reactions. In orthodontics, the incidence was 1:100, and most reactions (85%) were related to metal parts of the extra-oral anchorage devices. Even though the extensive use of base-metal alloys has been of major concern to the dental profession, relatively few case reports substantiate this concern. Allergy to gold-based dental restorations has been more commonly reported. Palladium-based alloys have been associated with several cases of stomatitis and oral lichenoid reactions. Palladium allergy seems to occur mainly in patients who are very sensitive to nickel. All casting alloys, except titanium, seem to have a potential for eliciting adverse reactions in individual hypersensitive patients. Tolerance induction may be a possible benefit of the use of intra-orally placed alloys. In non-sensitized individuals, oral antigenic contacts to nickel and chromium may induce tolerance rather than sensitization. A variety of systemic diseases and reactions has been claimed to be caused by dental materials. The claims are generally poorly documented. Further controlled clinical trials are necessary for assessment of the problems associated with metal allergy and dental treatment procedures, and for development of a scientific basis for training clinicians in proper treatment planning for hypersensitive patients.
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Vyskočil, Adolf, Václav Senft, Claude Viau, Milena Cížková, and Josef Kohout. "Biochemical Renal Changes in Workers Exposed to Soluble Nickel Compounds." Human & Experimental Toxicology 13, no. 4 (April 1994): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719401300406.
1 Biochemical markers of kidney damage were examined in 14 male and 12 female workers highly exposed to soluble nickel compounds in a chemical plant. The results were compared to those obtained in 12 male and 12 female matched controls. 2 The concentration of nickel in urine of male and female workers averaged 5.0 and 10.3 μg g-1 creatinine, respectively. The mean duration of exposure in male and female workers was 25 and 15 years. 3 No difference was found in the mean urinary excretion of lactate dehydrogenase, albumin and transferrin in both sexes, total proteins, β2microglobulin (β2-m) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in males and lysozyme in females. Lysozyme and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were increased in male and total proteins, β2-m, NAG and RBP in female exposed workers. Significant correlations between urinary concentrations of nickel on one side and that of β2-m in women (r = 0.462, P = 0.022) and men ( r = 0.41, P = 0.018) and of NAG in men ( r = 0.405, P = 0.019) on the other side were found in exposed subjects. 4 Results indicate adverse effects of soluble nickel compounds on the kidney tubular function. In agreement with literature data it seems that those effects occur only at high exposure levels.
Muteba, Itone. "Research on nickel alloy sensitivity." Title page, Contents and Abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DM/09dmm992.pdf.
"April 1999." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-51). Aims to collect information about the numbers of dental workers who are sensitive or allergic to nickel and to help identify signs which might predict those people who are most likely to be sensitive to nickel. Uses a standard patch test to identify sensitive subjects.
Книги з теми "Nickel adverse effects":
1
Landner, Lars. Metals in society and in the environment: A critical review of current knowledge on fluxes, speciation, bioavailability and risk for adverse effects of copper, chromium, nickel and zinc. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 2004.
NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Biological Incidences of Co-Cr-Ni Alloys Used in Orthopaedic Surgery and Stomatology (1985 Bischenberg, France). Biocompatibility of Co-Cr-Ni alloys. New York: Plenum Press, 1988.
Sigel, Helmut, Astrid Sigel, and Sigelroland K. O. Nickel And Its Surprising Impact in Nature: Metal Ions in Life Sciences. John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2006.
(Editor), Astrid Sigel, Helmut Sigel (Editor), and Roland K. O. Sigel (Editor), eds. Nickel and Its Surprising Impact in Nature: Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Wiley, 2007.
(Editor), Jurij J. Hostynek, and Howard I. Maibach (Editor), eds. Nickel and the Skin: Absorption, Immunology, Epidemiology, and Metallurgy (Dermatology, Clinical and Basic Science). Informa Healthcare, 2002.
Landner, Lars, and Rudolf Reuther. Metals in Society and in the Environment: A Critical Review of Current Knowledge on Fluxes, Speciation, Bioavailability and Risk for Adverse Effects of ... Nickel and Zinc (Environmental Pollution). Springer, 2004.
"Nickel." In Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs: The International Encyclopedia of Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions, 2502–5. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-44-451005-2/01445-5.
Manzoor, Javid, and Manoj Sharma. "Impact of Textile Dyes on Human Health and Environment." In Impact of Textile Dyes on Public Health and the Environment, 162–69. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0311-9.ch008.
The textile industry is one of the important industries that generates a large amount of industrial effluents. Color is the main attraction of any fabric. Manufacture and use of synthetic dyes for fabric dyeing has therefore become a massive industry. Synthetic dyes have provided a wide range of colorfast, bright hues. However, their toxic nature has become a cause of grave concern to environmentalists. Use of synthetic dyes has an adverse effect on all forms of life. Presence of sulphur, naphthol, vat dyes, nitrates, acetic acid, soaps, enzymes chromium compounds, and heavy metals like copper, arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel, and cobalt and certain auxiliary chemicals all collectively make the textile effluent highly toxic. These organic materials react with many disinfectants, especially chlorine, and form byproducts (DBPs) that are often carcinogenic and therefore undesirable. This effluent, if allowed to flow in the fields, clogs the pores of the soil resulting in loss of soil productivity. This chapter gives an overview on the health and environmental impact of dyes.
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Omar Ahmed Idris, Abdelmalik, and Elnour Alamin Gibreel Noh. "Legumes and Nodule Associated Bacteria Interaction as Key Factor for Abiotic Stresses Impact Mitigation." In Legumes [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99478.
Due to climate change, different soil stresses are increasing continuously and they threat the world food security as they limit crop productivity. Therefore, this chapter aims at integrate information about the interaction between legumes and endophytes which will help to: deep understanding of the endophytes-legume relationship, draw attention to the possibilities to exploit this relationship in soil stress mitigation and unraveling what is need to be addressed in the future. The study reviewed the most recent previous scientific works in the field. For legumes tissue colonization, endophytes almost use the same routs which results in their presence in the same niches. Co-inoculation of these bacteria enhances plant growth directly and indirectly. Some endophytes characterized by stress tolerance which interact with legumes and mitigate the adverse effect of soil stresses like salinity, acidity/alkalinity, drought and heavy metal contamination. To reduce stress and enhance plant growth, legume-associated bacteria produce ACC deaminase and other compounds. The interaction process involves induction and expression of many legume-associated bacteria chromosomal and plasmid genes which indicates that this process is a genetic based. So isolation of stress tolerant legume-associated microbes and identification of the gene related to stress tolerance will aid in production of genetic engineered endophytes adaptive to different stresses. It is concluded that all soil stresses can be addressed by application of stress tolerant endophytes to the soil affected with environmental stresses which is sustainable and low cost approach. To maximize the benefit, searching for indigenous stress tolerant endophytes is recommended.
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Ameen, Sarfaraz, and Caoimhe NicFhogartaigh. "Antimicrobial Stewardship." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0028.
Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is a healthcare- system- wide approach to promoting and monitoring the judicious use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics) to preserve their future effectiveness and optimize outcomes for patients. Put simply, it is using the right antibiotic, at the right dose, via the right route, at the right time, for the right duration (Centres for Disease Control, 2010). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious and growing global public health concern. Antibiotics are a unique class of drug as their use in individual patients may have an impact on others through the spread of resistant organisms. Antibiotics are essential for saving lives in conditions such as sepsis, and without effective antibiotics even minor operations could be life-threatening due to the risk of resistant infections. Across Europe approximately 25,000 people die each year as a result of hospital infections caused by resistant bacteria, and others have more prolonged and complicated illness. By 2050, AMR is predicted to be one of the major causes of death worldwide. Protecting the use of currently available antibiotics is crucial as discovery of new antimicrobials has stalled. Studies consistently demonstrate that 30–50% of antimicrobial prescriptions are unnecessary or inappropriate. Figure 18.1 shows some of the reasons behind this. As well as driving increasing resistance, unnecessary prescribing leads to unwanted adverse effects, including avoidable drug reactions and interactions, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea, and healthcare-associated infections with resistant micro-organisms, all of which are associated with adverse clinical outcomes, including increased length of hospital stay and mortality, with increased cost to healthcare systems. Prudent use of antibiotics improves patient care and clinical outcomes, reduces the spread of antimicrobial resistance, and saves money. There are a number of global and national guidelines outlining what a robust AMS programme should consist of (see Further reading and useful resources), including: ● Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA): Guidelines for Developing an Institutional Programme to Enhance Antimicrobial Stewardship. ● National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE): Antimicrobial Stewardship: Systems and Processes for Effective Antimicrobial Medicine Use [NG15]. ● Department of Health (DoH): Start Smart Then Focus, updated 2015. ● DoH: UK 5- Year Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy 2013 to 2018.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Nickel adverse effects":
1
Kapnisis, Konstantinos, Polyvios Eleftheriou, George Lapathitis, Christos Karaiskos, Preston Beck, Jack Lemons, David Connolly, Costas Pitsillides, and Andreas Anayiotos. "Surface Modified Nitinol Stents Release Metal Ions in Blood." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14244.
Intravascular nitinol stents are used in the treatment of atherosclerosis and intracranial aneurysms. Despite the unique physical properties of shape memory and superelasticity, the chemical composition of NiTi has raised concerns due to the presence of nickel ions within the alloy which can have adverse effects on human health. Currently, stents are manufactured from corrosion resistant alloys which form protective titanium oxide films, insulating the bulk material from the corrosive physiologic fluid. However, nanometer thick regions of oxides are lost at locations of high strain due to significant bending, micromotion between overlapping stents or local calcification1‐2. Recent studies have revealed that some stents undergo corrosion in vivo, with significant release of metallic ions into surrounding tissues3–4. In this project, a range of techniques has been employed to modify the surface of miniature NiTi stents in order to mimic in vivo corrosion and correlate the amount of nickel ions released with the findings in explanted tissue.
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Morinaka, Ren, Kunihiro Hasegawa, Noboru Saito, Fujio Yoshikubo, and Akihiro Kanno. "Application of Water Jet Peening on Pre-Cracked Nickel Based Alloy and Stainless Steel." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78824.
Water Jet Peening (WJP) has been widely applied to Japanese nuclear power plants since 1999 in order to mitigate stress corrosion cracking (SCC) generation on SCC susceptible material used their reactors as an approved mechanical mitigation technique against SCC [1]. Laboratory data shows that WJP has an effect to mitigate or suppress shallow crack propagation if the achieved compression depth is deeper than the crack, and that WJP has no adverse effect on pre-existing cracks on the mitigated surface, such as crack propagation during WJP treatment or acceleration effect after its treatment [2]. However, there was no field experience of applying WJP on cracked surfaces of operating reactor internals since we removed the crack(s) as the practice in Japan was to remove the crack prior to WJP implementation. When observed crack can be left as is according to its profile, it is required to perform the crack sizing periodically by Ultrasonic Testing in order to monitor its propagation. In order to apply WJP on the cracked surface, additional testing was needed to clarify that no adverse effect on UT sizing capability after WJP will be observed. The Japan Atomic Power Company (JAPC) and Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd. (HGNE) have performed several tests about this UT crack sizing test before and after WJP treatment and other related test before its field application.
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Rao, Ramana K., Brian L. Stormwind, Ishrat Chaudhuri, and Marcus Garcia. "Multiple Pathway Health Risk Assessment and Multimedia Environmental Monitoring Programs for a Municipal Waste Resource Recovery Facility in Maryland." In 12th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec12-2207.
Following a 1986 decision by Montgomery County in Maryland to construct a municipal waste resource recovery facility near the town of Dickerson, the local community expressed concern regarding the potential human health effects from air emissions of dioxins and trace metals released through the stack of the proposed facility. To address this concern, the County conducted health risk studies and ambient monitoring programs before and after the facility became operational. The purpose of the health risk studies was to determine potential cancer and non-cancer risks to the nearby residents from the operations of the facility. The purpose of the ambient monitoring programs was to determine if any changes would occur in the ambient levels of certain target chemicals in the environmental media, and if such changes can be attributed to the operations of the facility. Accordingly, the County conducted a multiple pathway health risk assessment in 1989 prior to the construction of the facility. The pre-operational health risk assessment was based on estimated stack engineering parameters and available stack emissions data from municipal waste resource recovery facilities that were operating in the United States, Canada and Europe during the 1980’s. The health risk assessment used established procedures that were accepted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and many state agencies at that time. The Montgomery County Resource Recovery Facility (RRF) became operational in the spring of 1995. The facility is equipped with the state-of-the-art air pollution control (APC) equipment including a dry scrubber-fabric filter baghouse system to control organics and trace metals, ammonia injection system to control nitrogen oxides, and activated carbon injection system to control mercury. In 2003, the County retained ENSR International to update the 1989 health risk assessment study. In the 2003 operational-phase update, as-built engineering data and measured stack emissions data from a total of eighteen quarterly stack emissions tests were used. The study was conducted in accordance with the U.S. EPA’s Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol for Hazardous Waste Combustion Facilities published in 1998 [1], and an Errata, published in 1999 [2]. Both the 1989 study and the 2003 study demonstrated that there is a very low chance (less than one chance in a million) for occurrence of cancer and no adverse non-cancer health effects to the nearby community as a result of exposure to facility-related emissions. The multi-media ambient monitoring programs were conducted in abiotic and biotic environmental media. These programs included an air-monitoring component and a non-air monitoring component. The pre-operational phase of the air media and non-air media monitoring was conducted in 1994–1995. The pre-operational program was designed to produce baseline data for target chemicals in both air and non-air media. The operational-phase air media monitoring was conducted in 1997 and 2003. The operational-phase non-air media monitoring was conducted in 1997 and 2001. Target chemicals monitored in both air and non-air media included polychlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDDs/PCDFs) and selected toxic metals (arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, and nickel). The non-air media included crops, farm pond surface water and fish tissue, and cow’s milk. The ambient levels of target chemicals monitored in the operational phase of the facility (1997, 2001 and 2003) demonstrated no measurable difference from the ambient levels of these chemicals monitored in the pre-operational phase (1994–95) of the facility, in both the air media and non-air media. The results of the health risk studies and ambient monitoring programs demonstrate that municipal waste combustion facilities that are equipped with the state-of-the-art air pollution control equipment pose no significant health risk to the population.
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Atong, Duangduen, and Viboon Sricharoenchaikul. "Enhanced Gasification of Waste Glycerol Over Ni/SiC Catalyst for Fuel Gas Production." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90283.
The amount of waste glycerol from biodiesel production increases sharply due to greater use of this alternative fuel from high cost and adverse environmental effect of conventional fossil fuel. The crude glycerol can convert to fuel gas (mainly CO, H2, and CH4) through thermochemical conversion processes such as gasification and pyrolysis. In this study, pyrolysis and gasification of glycerol waste were studied in a laboratory scale quartz tube reactor using silicon carbide (SiC) as a bed medium. In order to improve the conversion efficiency while minimizing tar formation, nickel catalyst supported by SiC was synthesized using wet impregnation method and used in some trials. It was found during pyrolysis runs that carbon and hydrogen conversion of glycerol increased with temperature of 600–800°C in the range of 18.72–95.33% and 16.26–96.30%, respectively. When varying the air fuel ratio from 0–0.25 at 800°C, complete conversion of crude glycerol may be achieved both for pyrolysis and gasification conditions. This may be due to the dominant of steam gasification reactions from 13.56% moisture content in crude glycerol which controls the overall reactions at that high temperature. However at lower temperature of 600°C, carbon and hydrogen conversion of crude glycerol decreased to 18.72–42.23% and 16.26–35.27%, respectively. Increase in residence time from 1.3–4.0 second did not significantly affect the conversion efficiency for pyrolysis at 600°C which indicated that the kinetic of these decomposition reactions proceed at rapid rates even at the minimum hold time used in this work. Catalytic conversion of crude glycerol with 10% nickel on silicon carbide (Ni/SiC) was performed using pyrolysis condition at 600°C to obtain higher conversion efficiency. The results revealed that non-reduced and reduced catalyst, could increase the production of synthesis gas as much as 1.02 and 0.56 times when compared with non-catalytic process, respectively. It may be suggested from high energy content as well as product gas quality that using Ni/SiC catalyst is suitable for thermal conversion of waste glycerol to fuel gas that may be further utilized with minimum treatment. The obtained synthesis gas may be utilized for direct heat and power or further transformed to other alternatives fuels which help increase value and at the same time minimize the waste management requirement of this industrial waste.
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Zink, Florian, Jeffrey S. Vipperman, and Laura A. Schaefer. "Advancing Thermoacoustics Through CFD Simulation Using Fluent." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66510.
From the time mechanical refrigeration was first introduced, its use has significantly increased. In general, cooling is achieved with vapor compression machines that use specific refrigerants (blends of hydrogen, carbon, fluorine and chlorine in various mixing ratios) that can be tailored to create cooling at any required temperature level. Each refrigerant exhibits a specific global warming potential and ozone depletion potential in the atmosphere by absorbing infrared radiation and breaking down of ozone molecules. Since the adverse effects of those substances have been discovered, the field of refrigeration has been moving away from conventional refrigerants, and searching for better alternatives. Thermoacoustic refrigeration is such an alternative that can provide cooling to essentially any required temperature level without using any environmentally harmful substances. It is presently a niche technology that can be expanded into a broader market, primarily if the sizing problem can be solved. Currently, the most efficient thermoacoustic refrigerators are used in industrial settings. This work explores the possibility of decreasing the footprint of these refrigerators by utilizing a coiled resonator. A CFD analysis has been developed and first results in regard to coiled resonators are shown and discussed.
