Статті в журналах: "NHPC"

1

Sakashita, Toshihide, Yoshiteru Hashimoto, Ken-Ichi Oinuma, and Michihiko Kobayashi. "Transcriptional Regulation of the Nitrile Hydratase Gene Cluster in Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 12 (April 11, 2008): 4210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00061-08.

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ABSTRACT An enormous amount of nitrile hydratase (NHase) is inducibly produced by Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23 after addition of methacrylamide as the sole nitrogen source to a medium. The expression pattern of the P. chlororaphis B23 NHase gene cluster in response to addition of methacrylamide to the medium was investigated. Recently, we reported that the NHase gene cluster comprises seven genes (oxdA, amiA, nhpA, nhpB, nhpC, nhpS, and acsA). Sequence analysis of the 1.5-kb region upstream of the oxdA gene revealed the presence of a 936-bp open reading frame (designated nhpR), which should encode a protein with a molecular mass of 35,098. The deduced amino acid sequence of the nhpR product showed similarity to the sequences of transcriptional regulators belonging to the XylS/AraC family. Although the transcription of the eight genes (nhpR, oxdA, amiA, nhpABC, nhpS, and acsA) in the NHase gene cluster was induced significantly in the P. chlororaphis B23 wild-type strain after addition of methacrylamide to the medium, transcription of these genes in the nhpR disruptant was not induced, demonstrating that nhpR codes for a positive transcriptional regulator in the NHase gene cluster. A reverse transcription-PCR experiment revealed that five genes (oxdA, amiA, nhpA, nhpB, and nhpC) are cotranscribed, as are two other genes (nhpS and acsA). The transcription start sites for nhpR, oxdA, nhpA, and nhpS were mapped by primer extension analysis, and putative −12 and −24 σ54-type promoter binding sites were identified. NhpR was found to be the first transcriptional regulator of NHase belonging to the XylS/AraC family.

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2

Zou, Zhanghua, Yu Lei, Yingming Li, Yanhua Zhang, and Wei Xiao. "Nitrogen-Doped Hierarchical Meso/Microporous Carbon from Bamboo Fungus for Symmetric Supercapacitor Applications." Molecules 24, no. 20 (October 12, 2019): 3677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203677.

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We report the synthesis of nitrogen-doped hierarchical meso/microporous carbon using renewable biomass bamboo fungus as precursor via two-step pyrolysis processes. It is found that the developed porous carbon (NHPC-800) features honeycomb-like cellular framework with well-developed porosity, huge specific surface area (1708 m2 g−1), appropriate nitrogen-doping level (3.2 at.%) and high mesopore percentage (25.5%), which are responsible for its remarkable supercapacitive performances. Electrochemical tests suggest that the NHPC-800 electrode offers the largest specific capacitance of 228 F g−1, asplendid rate capability and stable electrochemical behaviors in a traditional three-electrode system. Additionally, asymmetric supercapacitor device is built based on this product as well. An individual as-assembled supercapacitor of NHPC-800//NHPC-800 delivers the maximum energy density of 4.3 Wh kg−1; retains the majority of capacitanceat large current densities; and shows terrific cycling durability with negligible capacitance drop after long-term charge/discharge for beyond 10,000 cycles even at a high current density of 10 A g−1. These excellent supercapacitive properties of NHPC-800 in both three- and two-electrode setups outperform those of lots of biomass-derived porous carbons and thus make it a perspective candidate for producing cost-effective and high-performance supercapacitors

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3

Ba, Yuerong, Wei Pan, Shangchao Pi, Yaomin Zhao, and Liwei Mi. "Nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon derived from a chitosan/polyethylene glycol blend for high performance supercapacitors." RSC Advances 8, no. 13 (2018): 7072–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra00016f.

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4

Wu, X. X., and H. Zhou. "Hierarchical porous N-doped carbon supported palladium (Pd/NHPC) as a sustainable catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol with good activity and lifetime." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 18 (2017): 10245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj01947e.

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5

Tang, Minghui, Jiang Deng, Mingming Li, Xuefeng Li, Haoran Li, Zhirong Chen, and Yong Wang. "3D-interconnected hierarchical porous N-doped carbon supported ruthenium nanoparticles as an efficient catalyst for toluene and quinoline hydrogenation." Green Chemistry 18, no. 22 (2016): 6082–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc01858k.

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6

Wang, Wenxiu, Hongying Quan, Weimin Gao, Ren Zou, Dezhi Chen, Yinghu Dong, and Lin Guo. "N-Doped hierarchical porous carbon from waste boat-fruited sterculia seed for high performance supercapacitors." RSC Advances 7, no. 27 (2017): 16678–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra01043e.

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7

Cao, Guiqiang, Da Bi, Jingxiang Zhao, Jing Zheng, Zhikang Wang, Qingxue Lai, and Yanyu Liang. "Transformation of ZIF-8 nanoparticles into 3D nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous carbon for Li–S batteries." RSC Advances 10, no. 29 (2020): 17345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra10063f.

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8

Li, Min, Feng Liu, Supeng Pei, Zongshang Zhou, Kai Niu, Jianbo Wu, and Yongming Zhang. "Synthesis of Platinum Nanocrystals Dispersed on Nitrogen-Doped Hierarchically Porous Carbon with Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity and Durability." Nanomaterials 13, no. 3 (January 21, 2023): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13030444.

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Platinum-based catalysts are widely used for efficient catalysis of the acidic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the agglomeration and leaching of metallic Pt nanoparticles limit the catalytic activity and durability of the catalysts and restrict their large-scale commercialization. Therefore, this study aimed to achieve a uniform distribution and strong anchoring of Pt nanoparticles on a carbon support and improve the ORR activity and durability of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. Herein, we report on the facile one-pot synthesis of a novel ORR catalyst using metal–nitrogen–carbon (M–N–C) bonding, which is formed in situ during the ion exchange and pyrolysis processes. An ion-exchange resin was used as the carbon source containing R-N+(CH3)3 groups, which coordinate with PtCl62− to form nanosized Pt clusters confined within the macroporous framework. After pyrolysis, strong M-N-C bonds were formed, thereby preventing the leaching and aggregation of Pt nanoparticles. The as-synthesized Pt supported on the N-doped hierarchically porous carbon catalyst (Pt/NHPC-800) showed high specific activity (0.3 mA cm−2) and mass activity (0.165 A mgPt−1), which are approximately 2.7 and 1.5 times higher than those of commercial Pt/C, respectively. The electrochemical surface area of Pt/NHPC-800 remained unchanged (~1% loss) after an accelerated durability test of 10,000 cycles. The mass activity loss after ADT of Pt/NHPC-800 was 18%, which is considerably lower than that of commercial Pt/C (43%). Thus, a novel ORR catalyst with highly accessible and homogeneously dispersed Pt-N-C sites, high activity, and durability was successfully prepared via one-pot synthesis. This facile and scalable synthesis strategy for high-efficiency catalysts guides the further synthesis of commercially available ORR catalysts.

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9

Dahal, Milan. "Sikkim’s Initiatives in Hydropower." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 3 (May 26, 2009): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v3i0.1919.

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Sikkim is rich in hydropower potential in spite of its small area. National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Limited (NHPC) and other private developers are entering in hydropower sector of Sikkim. Though some of local people are in the protest of dams, the Government of Sikkim is hopeful and determines to achieve benefit largely from hydropower Keywords: Sikkim, Himalayas, hydropower, environment doi: 10.3126/hn.v3i0.1919 Hydro Nepal Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue No. 3, July 2008. Page: 38-41

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10

Patel, Asish, Sukhwinder Kaur, Lynette Smith, Chandrakanth Are, and Surinder Batra. "Diagnostic potential of mucins in pancreatic juice for pancreatic cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2016): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.222.

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222 Background: Pancreatic juice remains an underutilized resource for diagnosing pancreatic cancer. Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins differentially upregulated in pancreatic cancer, and we hypothesize that their profile in pancreatic juice may have diagnostic potential. Methods: Pancreatic juice was obtained during endoscopy from non-healthy non-pancreatic control (NHPC, n = 57), chronic pancreatitis (CP, n = 23), and pancreatic cancer (PC, n = 23) patients. Sandwich ELISA was used to detect MUC1, MUC4, MUC5AC, CA125, and CA19-9. Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon rank sum test for group and pairwise comparison was done with p < 0.05 as significant. Logistic regression with ROC curve modeling of log transformed data was done for each biomarker individually and in combination to determine odds ratio (OR), sensitivity (SN), and specificity (SP) for PC. Results: PC vs NHPC: MUC5AC had the best individual performance for diagnosing PC with an OR = 2.78 (95% CI = 1.51-5.13), AUC = 0.81, and optimal SN/SP of 0.83 and 0.67, respectively. CA125 was increased in PC with an OR = 2.31 (95% CI = 1.4-4.0), AUC = 0.73, and optimal SN/SP of 0.88 and 0.67. CA19-9 was increased in PC with an OR = 1.5 (95% CI = 1.2-1.8), AUC = 0.76, and optimal SN/SP of 0.73 and 0.70. A combination of MUC1, MUC5AC, CA125, and CA19-9 outperformed all individual markers and had the largest AUC (0.89) with optimal SN/SP of 0.84 and 0.79. PC vs CP: MUC1 concentration in PC was significantly less than CP with an OR = 0.21 (95%CI = 0.088-0.49), AUC = 0.82, and optimal SN/SP of 0.87 and 0.78. PC vs NHPC+CP: MUC1 was decreased significantly in PC with an OR = 0.65 (95% CI = 0.44-0.96), AUC = 0.69, and optimal SN/SP of 0.87 and 0.63. CA125 was increased in PC with an OR = 1.64 (95%CI = 1.1-2.4), AUC = 0.66, and optimal SN/SP of 0.67 and 0.64. CA19-9 was increased in PC with an OR = 1.32 (95%CI = 1.1-1.6), AUC = 0.68, and optimal SN/SP of 0.63 and 0.67. A combination of MUC1, MUC5AC, CA125, and CA19-9 had an AUC = 0.86 with optimal SN/SP of 0.87 and 0.77 for PC. Conclusions: MUC1, MUC5AC, CA125, and CA19-9 combination provides a significantly improved diagnostic panel compared to any individual marker in pancreatic juice for detecting malignancy.

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11

Tonissen, Sara, Victoria Tetel, and Gregory S. Fraley. "Transportation Stress Increases Fos Immunoreactivity in the Paraventricular Nucleus, but Not in the Nucleus of the Hippocampal Commissure in the Pekin Duck, Anas platyrhynchos domesticus." Animals 12, no. 22 (November 19, 2022): 3213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12223213.

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Commercial poultry undergo transportation during their life, and the effects of transportation can negatively impact poultry production and welfare. In order to maintain physiological homeostasis, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) works to respond to stressors. Previous studies by others have shown contradictory effects of transportation on corticosterone release. However, recent studies from our lab and by others have shown that cortisol may also be an important hormone in the avian HPA. The purpose of our current study was to determine the effects of transportation stress on the stimulation of brain nuclei that regulate the HPA in birds, and on glucocorticoid (GC) secretion. To test this hypothesis, we collected blood and brain samples from developer drakes and hens (N = 10 per sex/time point): 24 h prior to transportation, immediately after transportation, 24 h after transportation, and 1 week after transportation. Serum GC levels and fos immunocytochemistry (ICC) within the nucleus of the hippocampal commissure (NHpC) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were measured. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA. Post hoc analysis was completed using a Fisher’s PLSD with a p < 0.05 considered significant. We observed a sex difference (p < 0.05) in both corticosterone and cortisol secretion in Pekin ducks, although neither GC showed a significant increase in secretion associated with transportation. However, we did observe a significant (p < 0.05) increase in fos-like immunoreactivity for 24 h in the PVN, but not in the NHpC. Further studies are required to determine the specific role that GCs play in the avian stress response and the short-term stressors that could have long-term physiological effects on birds.

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12

Šauli, P., Z. Mošna, J. Boška, D. Kouba, J. Laštovička, and D. Altadill. "Comparison of true-height electron density profiles derived by POLAN and NHPC methods." Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica 51, no. 3 (July 2007): 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11200-007-0026-3.

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13

Ali, Zulfikar. "Status of corporate social responsibility among public sector units: A case study of NHPC." International Journal of Research in Finance and Management 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26175754.2021.v4.i2a.118.

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14

Rattan, Ram. "Socio-Economic Impact Analysis of Hydropower Projects in Chamba District, Himachal Pradesh, India." Asian Review of Civil Engineering 11, no. 1 (June 15, 2022): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/tarce-2022.11.1.3328.

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In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyse the Socio-Economic Impacts of hydropower projects on inhabitants of Project Affected Zone in District Chamba of Himachal Pradesh. The study is based on primary data collected from six major hydropower projects of district Chamba (three NHPC and three private sector projects). A sample size of 250 respondents collected from affected families through convenience sampling. The indicators under consideration were the impact of hydropower projects on, a) local economy with seven variables, b) infrastructural development with its eight sub variables and c) impact on service sector with twelve variables. Data collected through questionnaire was analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. As per the findings it has been observed that hydropower projects helped to change the lifestyle of general public with positive impact on infrastructural development and have large impact on services sector of the area. It has developed the tourism industry in the area, establish market base and enhanced the market and infrastructural development.

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15

Mahur, A. K., Rajesh Kumar, Meena Mishra, Ameer Azam, and Rajendra Prasad. "Indoor radon monitoring in some buildings surrounding the national Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC) project at upper Siang in Arunachal Pradesh, India." Indian Journal of Physics 83, no. 8 (August 2009): 1177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12648-009-0098-8.

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16

Sharma, B. R., S. Singh, S. Mandal, and N. Poudel. "Knowledge of Radiation Exposure and it Risk among Radiographers and Radio Technologists." Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v12i2.27152.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the awareness, concern and practice on hazards of ionizing radiation and radiation protection among radiographers and technologists of Pokhara, Nepal and to evaluate the knowledge of radiation and its protection among them. Materials and Methods: A validated questionnaire was used to collect data from radiographers and Technologists. The survey included multiple choice questions (MCQs) related to demographic characteristics (age, gender), academic qualification, and knowledge of radiation and radiation protection. Obtained data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 software and shown in frequency, percentages. Results: Among 103 participants, only 73.8% were NHPC registered and 46.7% had attended classes/seminar on the topic of radiation protection. Only 8.7% used dosimeters to measure the radiation dose. Among participants, 77.7% knew that annual whole-body dose for a radiation worker is 20 mSv and 87.4% knew that there should be distance of more than six feet from the X-ray tube while taking X-ray in the case of non-barrier protection. This study shows that the knowledge and the perceptions regarding radiation and its protection among the radiographers/technologist is just satisfactory and needs to be improved. Conclusion: Overall awareness and knowledge of radiation protection and radiological procedures of radiologic technologist were satisfactory. However, there were some question that they needed mandatory training and knowledge. Therefore, we recommend that further workshops, seminars, symposium, training courses and Continuing Medical Education (CME) programs are recommended on a regular basis in collaboration with ISSRT and other national and international organizations to raise the level of radiation awareness.

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17

Singh, Manoj Kumar, and Ashish K. Dash. "Local Area Development through Hydropower Project: A Case Study of Parbati Hydro-electric Project Stage-III (520MW) in Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh India." International Journal of Community Development 5, no. 1 (December 21, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11634/233028791503892.

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Hydropower is considered as renewable, cheap and pollution free source of energy in comparison to conventional source of energy. The major river system and topographical variation in Indian Himalayan Region(IHR) offer huge hydroelectric potential because of available net head and water discharge. Efforts are being made for sustainable harnessing of hydroelectric potential of IHR to meet the gap between demand and supply of electricity. Most of these hydropower sites are located in remote hilly terrain of IHR with limited infrastructure like access road, market, hospital etc. For timely execution of hydro power projects(HPPs), infrastructure development is required by project proponent at a faster pace. Like any other developmental projects, establishing of HPPs are also associated with some pros and cons however, the benefits of hydro-projects in terms of infrastructure facility such as road, bridge for proper connectivity, job prospects in construction works, market, civic facilities, source of cheap and clean electricity play a pivotal role in socio-economic development of particular region and nation as well.Present study has been conducted for Parbati Hydroelectric Project Stage-III (520MW) constructed on river Sainj in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, India. All the Project components are located in Sainj valley of Kullu district, a part of Beas basin in North-western Himalaya. The objective of study is to assess and evaluate the Local area development (LAD) in Sainj valley following the start of construction of Parbati HE Project-III in the Year 2006 by NHPC Limited (a Government of India Enterprise-miniratna). The assessment of local area development is based on comparison of baseline data of Sainj area prior to start of construction of project and data available during construction phase of project followed by reviewing of Govt. policy for Local Area Development Fund (LADF) in project affected area and consultation with people from project affected gram-panchayats located in the vicinity of construction sites to know their perception about the role of Parbati hydroelectric Project Stage-III in local area development of Sainj valley. The result of study shows that there is substantial increase in developmental activities in and around the project area due to the construction of Parbati HE Project-III. Particularly, infrastructural development (road-bridge) led to improvement in communication and accessibility of villages (Manham, Banau, Sapangini,Talara) in Sainj valley, better transport facility for horticulture products of farmers in Sainj valley to nearby market located on NH-21. The prospects of job opportunities in Project construction works, ancillary activities and in petty contract works also improved. Implementation of community development Schemes of NHPC led to availability of additional medical facilities, educational facility in Govt. Schools and development of socio-cultural aspects (Crematorium, melaground, toilets,watersupply etc) in Sainj valley are attributed to the construction of Parbati HEP-III. During construction phase of the project, in compliance to Govt. policy for LADF @ 1.5% of project cost allocated for execution of developmental works resulted in source of specific fund for development opportunity in Project affected area(PAA) in the valley and nearby areas. Out of total LADF for PAA, 60% was shared equally among three project affected gram-panchayats and remaining 40% among 04 gram-panchayats for taking-up developmental works by resolution of Gram-Shaba and local area development Committee(LADC). Also, during operational phase of Project, the provision of LADF @ 1% share of free power and revenue equivalent to 12% share of free power to State Govt. of Himachal Pradesh from Parbati HEP-III on annual basis through-out the life span of project are continuous source of financial gain from Parbati HEP-III which will act as a stimulus for development.

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18

Harris, Cory S., and John Thor Arnason. "Trends in NHP Research: Prospects and Challenges of Next Generation NHPs." Journal of Natural Health Product Research 2, no. 2 (December 7, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33211/jnhpr.13.

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19

Zhu, Yuhe, Nanjue Cao, Yue Zhang, Guangxiu Cao, Chunping Hao, Keda Liu, Xiaoming Li, and Wei Wang. "The Ability and Mechanism of nHAC/CGF in Promoting Osteogenesis and Repairing Mandibular Defects." Nanomaterials 12, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12020212.

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Nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC) is a new type of bone tissue engineering scaffold material. To speed up the new bone formation of nHAC, this study used concentrated growth factor (CGF) and nHAC in combination to repair rabbit mandibular defects. nHAC/CGF and nHAC were implanted into rabbit mandibles, and X-ray, Micro-CT, HE and Masson staining, immunohistochemical staining and biomechanical testing were performed at 8, 16 and 24 weeks after surgery. The results showed that as the material degraded, the rate of new bone formation in the nHAC/CGF group was better than that in the nHAC group. The results of the HE and Masson staining showed that the bone continuity or maturity of the nHAC/CGF group was better than that of the nHAC group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that OCN expression gradually increased with time. The nHAC/CGF group showed significantly higher BMP2 than the nHAC group at 8 weeks and the difference gradually decreased with time. The biomechanical test showed that the compressive strength and elastic modulus of the nHAC/CGF group were higher than those of the nHAC group. The results suggest that nHAC/CGF materials can promote new bone formation, providing new ideas for the application of bone tissue engineering scaffold materials in oral clinics.

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20

Dussault, Valerie, and Marie Marquis. "Natural Health Products: Practices, Perceptions and Training Needs of Registered Dietitians." Journal of Food Research 6, no. 1 (January 8, 2016): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v6n1p87.

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Canadians have access to thousands of authorized natural health products (NHPs) and are also surrounded by many unauthorized NHPs, which may place them at risk of adverse effects. Consumers expect health professionals, including nutritionists, to be a source of information on NHPs. Current training programs suggest that registered dietitians may have little knowledge about NHPs. The Ordre professionnel des diététistes du Quebec (OPDQ) sent an electronic survey to registered dietitians who are members of the OPDQ to document their use, referral habits and sources of information for NHPs. The survey also explored respondents’ perceptions of professional roles regarding NHPs as well as their perceptions of the effectiveness of specific NHPs. It measured their need for training on specific NHPs and on the health conditions that may be improved by NHPs. Data were analyzed with SPSS, through which descriptive statistics were obtained. A qualitative analysis was performed on the open-ended questions from the survey. A total of 295 questionnaires were analyzed. Among nutritionists, 93% have received requests for information about NHPs, 91% use or have used NHPs and 94% have recommended them. Also, 95% need training on NHPs and for various health considerations. Overall, they have a positive perception of their roles regarding this subject, with 77% indicating that the nutritionist should be a reliable source of information for NHPs. The major findings of our study are that the roles of Quebec nutritionists relating to NHPs are not clearly defined. Nutritionists need training on NHPs to provide sound nutritional advice for NHP users and, therefore, should develop a new area of nutritional practice.

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21

MANI, Ali R., Ananth S. PANNALA, Nelson N. ORIE, Richard OLLOSSON, David HARRY, Catherine A. RICE-EVANS, and Kevin P. MOORE. "Nitration of endogenous para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and the metabolism of nitrotyrosine." Biochemical Journal 374, no. 2 (September 1, 2003): 521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20030670.

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Reactive nitrogen species, such as peroxynitrite, can nitrate tyrosine in proteins to form nitrotyrosine. Nitrotyrosine is metabolized to 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (NHPA), which is excreted in the urine. This has led to the notion that measurement of urinary NHPA may provide a time-integrated index of nitrotyrosine formation in vivo. However, it is not known whether NHPA is derived exclusively from metabolism of nitrotyrosine, or whether it can be formed by nitration of circulating para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (PHPA), a metabolite of tyrosine. In the present study, we have developed a gas chromatography MS assay for NHPA and PHPA to determine whether or not NHPA can be formed directly by nitration of PHPA. Following the injection of nitrotyrosine, 0.5±0.16% of injected dose was recovered unchanged as nitrotyrosine, and 4.3±0.2% as NHPA in the urine. To determine whether or not NHPA could be formed by the nitration of PHPA, deuterium-labelled PHPA ([2H6]PHPA) was injected, and the formation of deuterated NHPA ([2H5]NHPA) was measured. Of the infused [2H6]PHPA, 78±2% was recovered in the urine unchanged, and approx. 0.23% was recovered as [2H5]NHPA. Since the plasma concentration of PHPA is markedly higher than free nitrotyrosine (approx. 400-fold), the nitration of high-circulating endogenous PHPA to form NHPA becomes very significant and accounts for the majority of NHPA excreted in urine. This is the first study to demonstrate that NHPA can be formed by nitration of PHPA in vivo, and that this is the major route for its formation.

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22

Payakachat, Nalin, Christopher R. Long, Pearl A. McElfish, Marie-Rachelle Narcisse, Holly C. Felix, Zoran Bursac, and Teresa J. Hudson. "Prevalence, Health and Resource Utilization, and Unmet Healthcare Needs of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Children With Developmental Disabilities." American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 124, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-124.3.234.

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Abstract Little is known about health limitations and service utilization among the Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) children with developmental disabilities (DDs) due to limited data. Our study examined the prevalence of DDs, health limitations, services used, and the unmet needs of NHPI children aged 3 to 17 years using cross-sectional data from the 2014 NHPI National Health Interview Survey. Results showed that prevalence of DDs among NHPI children was lower than American children of other races. DDs were negatively associated with health and functioning of NHPI children. There is a need to promote understanding of DDs among NHPI families and to inform public policy makers to identify appropriate intervention services for NHPI children.

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23

Yu, Bo, Yichen Zhang, Xiaoming Li, Qiongren Wang, Yi Ouyang, Yuanyou Xia, Bo Yu, et al. "The Use of Injectable Chitosan/Nanohydroxyapatite/Collagen Composites with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Promote Ectopic Bone Formation In Vivo." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/506593.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate ectopic in vivo bone formation with or without rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) of an injectable Chitosan/Nanohydroxyapatite/Collagen (CS/nHAC) composite. The CS/nHAC composites were injected subcutaneously into the backs of Wistar rats with freshly loaded rBMSCs at a density of10×106 cells/mL, and the CS/nHAC composites without cells were used as negative controls. New bone formation, degradation of composites, and degree of calcification were evaluated by Computed Tomography (CT) and three-dimensional (3D) CT reconstruction. Histological evaluations were performed to further assess bone structure and extracellular matrix by HE and Masson staining. The inflammatory reactions related to osteogenesis were also investigated in the present study. In comparison with the CS/nHAC composites, this study revealed that CS/nHAC/rBMSCs composites showed relatively higher percentage of calcification, better establishment of ECM, and less degradation rate. Meanwhile, different extents of inflammatory reactions were also observed in the CS/nHAC and CS/nHAC/rBMSCs explants at 2 and 4 weeks after implantation. Altogether, CS/nHAC/rBMSCs composites are superior to CS/nHAC composites in ectopic bone formation. In conclusion, the rBMSCs-seeded CS/nHAC composites may be beneficial to enhancing ectopic bone formation in vivo.

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Itazaki, Masumi, Kento Okabayashi, Takanari Matsutani, Tomoya Nochida, Toshiyuki Moriuchi, and Hiroshi Nakazawa. "Synthesis and Characterization of Phosphinecarboxamide and Phosphinecarbothioamide, and Their Complexation with Palladium(II) Complex." Molecules 27, no. 17 (August 29, 2022): 5564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175564.

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Reactions of isocyanates/isothiocyanates with primary and secondary phosphines without solvent at room temperature afforded phosphinecarboxamide/phosphinecarbothioamide, respectively, in excellent yields. Furthermore, palladium complex Pd(COD)Cl2 was allowed to react with Ph2PC(O)NHPh (1a) to afford [Pd{Ph2PC(O)NHPh-κP}2Cl2] (3). On the other hand, the reaction of Pd(COD)Cl2 with 1 eq. of Ph2PC(S)NHPh (2a) afforded [PdCl2{Ph2PC(S)NHPh-κP,S}] (4). In the case of a 1:2 molar ratio, [PdCl{Ph2PC(S)NHPh-κP,S}{Ph2PC(S)NHPh-κP}]Cl (5) was formed. The newly obtained compounds were fully characterized using multielement NMR measurements and elemental analyses. In addition, the molecular structures of Ph2PC(O)NH(CH2)2Cl (1j), Ph2PC(S)NHPh(4-Cl) (2c), and 3–5 were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

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Palermo, Andrea, Anda Mihaela Naciu, Gaia Tabacco, Stefania Falcone, Assunta Santonati, Daria Maggi, Luca D’Onofrio, et al. "Clinical, Biochemical, and Radiological Profile of Normocalcemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 7 (April 9, 2020): e2609-e2616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa174.

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Abstract Context The clinical and radiological aspects of normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism (NHPT) are confounded by the differing methods used to rule out secondary hyperparathyroidism and by the small sample size. Objective To assess the clinical, biochemical, and radiological profile of NHPT compared with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and control subjects Design Multicentric cross-sectional study Setting Outpatient clinic Patients 47 NHPT, 41 PHPT, and 39 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Main Outcome Measures Calcium metabolism and bone turnover markers (BTMs). Lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, one-third distal radius bone mineral density (BMD). Morphometric vertebral fracture (VF) assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results NHPT patients had significantly higher parathyroid hormone, 25(OH)-vitamin D levels and lower calcium × phosphorus product than controls (P < .001). Compared with PHPT, the NHPT group had significantly higher 25(OH) vitamin D levels (P = .016). NHPT had BTM levels similar to controls and PHPT. NHPT, PHPT, and controls have similar lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD. NHPT and controls had a similar radial BMD, while patients with PHPT had a lower radial BMD than both patients with NHPT (P = .031) and controls (P < .05). Using the control group as the reference, after adjustment for interacting factors, there was no increase in risk of moderate–severe VF in NHPT (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25-4.55), while PHPT had an increased risk (OR 3.81,95% CI 1.15-15.12). Seventy-nine percent of NHPT and 59% of PHPT patients fulfilled the criteria for asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism. Conclusions The biochemical phenotype of NHPT is intermediate between PHPT and controls. In contrast, the bone phenotype resembles controls with normal bone turnover, no significant BMD impairment, and no increased risk of VF.

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Choi, Sooyeon, Seungmin Yu, Jonghun Lee, and Wooki Kim. "Effects of Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone (NHDC) on Oxidative Phosphorylation, Cytokine Production, and Lipid Deposition." Foods 10, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061408.

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The sweetener neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) is a precursor for anthocyanins and has been reported to have various bioactivities, including antioxidant and hepatitis inhibitory effects. However, its inflammatory functions and mechanisms of action are poorly understood. In this study, RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were treated with NHDC and its metabolite dihydrocaffeic acid (DHCA), after which cytokine production and mitochondrial respiration were assessed. DHCA significantly down-regulated the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, NHDC had a marginal effect, suggesting that the biological metabolism of NHDC to DHCA is required for its anti-inflammatory function. However, both NHDC and DHCA rescued LPS-induced suppression of oxidative phosphorylation, which is a hallmark of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. 3T3-L1 adipocytes showed lower fat deposition in the presence of DHCA, while sugar-containing NHDC showed a slight increase in fat deposition. In high-fat diet-induced obese mice, treatment with NHDC successfully down-regulated body weight gain in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, M2 polarized bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from NHDC-fed mice secreted an increased amount of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Overall, these results indicate that NHDC and its physiological metabolite DHCA have the potential to suppress the inflammatory response and obese status.

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Lindbäck, Toril, Simon P. Hardy, Richard Dietrich, Marianne Sødring, Andrea Didier, Maximilian Moravek, Annette Fagerlund, et al. "Cytotoxicity of the Bacillus cereus Nhe Enterotoxin Requires Specific Binding Order of Its Three Exoprotein Components." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 9 (July 12, 2010): 3813–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00247-10.

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ABSTRACT This study focuses on the interaction of the three components of the Bacillus cereus Nhe enterotoxin with particular emphasis on the functional roles of NheB and NheC. The results demonstrated that both NheB and NheC were able to bind to Vero cells directly while NheA lacked this ability. It was also shown that Nhe-induced cytotoxicity required a specific binding order of the individual components whereby the presence of NheC in the priming step as well as the presence of NheA in the final incubation step was mandatory. Priming of cells with NheB alone and addition of NheA plus NheC in the second step failed to induce toxic effects. Furthermore, in solution, excess NheC inhibited binding of NheB to Vero cells, whereas priming of cells with excess NheC resulted in full toxicity if unbound NheC was removed before addition of NheB. By using mutated NheC proteins where the two cysteine residues in the predicted β-tongue were replaced with glycine (NheCcys−) or where the entire hydrophobic stretch was deleted (NheChr−), the predicted hydrophobic β-tongue of NheC was found essential for binding to cell membranes but not for interaction with NheB in solution. All data presented here are compatible with the following model. The first step in the mode of action of Nhe is associated with binding of NheC and NheB to the cell surface and probably accompanied by conformational changes. These events allow subsequent binding of NheA, leading to cell lysis.

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Murty, Mano. "Postmarket surveillance of natural health products in Canada: clinical and federal regulatory perspectivesThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 1 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 85, no. 9 (September 2007): 952–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y07-085.

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Postmarket surveillance, particularly adverse reactions (ARs), forms an integral part of the ongoing safety evaluation for natural health products (NHPs). ARs can be related to many factors, including inherent toxicity, misuse, hypersensitivity, NHP–drug interactions, or product quality. High consumer use and limited safety and efficacy data from human clinical trials for many NHPs present a challenge to consumers, healthcare practitioners, and federal regulators. Canada’s Natural Health Products Regulations mandate NHPs to be licensed. As the currently available unauthorized NHPs are being brought into compliance in Canada, the transition has produced some challenges, requiring ongoing public communication and education to promote the safe use of NHPs. This article will highlight Health Canada’s key postmarket initiatives in strengthening the regulation of NHPs.

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Avila-Villa, Luz A., Teresa Gollas-Galván, Marcel Martínez-Porchas, Fernando Mendoza-Cano, and Jorge Hernández-López. "Experimental Infection and Detection of Necrotizing Hepatopancreatitis Bacterium in the American LobsterHomarus americanus." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/979381.

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Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacterium (NHPB) is an obligated intracellular bacteria causing severe hepatopancreatic damages and mass mortalities in penaeid shrimp. The worldwide distribution of penaeid shrimp as alien species threatens the life cycle of other crustacean species. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the possibility of experimentally infecting the American lobster (Homarus americanus) with NHPB extracted from shrimp hepatopancreas. Homogenates from infected shrimp were fed by force to lobsters. Other group of lobsters was fed with homogenates of NHPB-free hepatopancreas. After the 15th day from initial inoculation, the presence of NHPB was detected by polymerase chain reaction in feces and hepatopancreas from lobsters inoculated with infected homogenates. Necrotized spots were observed in the surface of lobster hepatopancreas. In contrast, lobsters fed on NHPB-free homogenates resulted negative for NHPB. Evidence suggests the plasticity of NHPB which can infect crustacean from different species and inhabiting diverse latitudes. Considering the results, the American lobster could be a good candidate to maintain available NHPBin vivo.

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Adams, Ingrid K. Richards, Chizimuzo T. C. Okoli, Akilah Dulin Keita, Ana Maria Linares, Keiko Tanaka, Joshua R. Polanin, and Annie Koempel. "Breastfeeding Practices among Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders." Journal of Obesity 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2489021.

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Background. Breastfeeding is associated with a decreased risk of obesity in the early and adult years. Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI) experience high rates of obesity which is often obfuscated with aggregated data. Using disaggregated data, we examined breastfeeding practices among NHPI.Methods. Seven databases and reference lists were searched. Two independent researchers extracted relevant studies based on predetermined criteria. Nine studies met our inclusion criteria and a meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects, inverse-various weighted models.Results. Few studies disaggregated NHPI populations when examining breastfeeding practices. Most studies were cross-sectional and our search yielded no randomized or quasirandomized control trials. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that 46.5% NHPI women initiated breastfeeding with 40.8% breastfeeding exclusively. These pooled analyses show that NHPI breastfeeding practices are below the recommended national and international goals and guidelines.Conclusion. Breastfeeding practices among NHPI are heterogeneous and critical disparities exist among certain NHPI subgroups and additional research needs to be conducted to determine the reasons for the disparity. Future studies should work to disaggregate data for NHPI and the various subpopulations. Multicomponent, multilevel strategies are needed to support breastfeeding practices among NHPI.

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Alhusain, Ahlam, Laila Fadda, Wedad Sarawi, Hatun Alomar, Hanaa Ali, Raeesa Mahamad, Iman Hasan та Amira Badr. "The Potential Protective Effect of Curcumin and α-Lipoic Acid on N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) Acetamide-induced Hepatotoxicity Through Downregulation of α-SMA and Collagen III Expression". Dose-Response 20, № 1 (січень 2022): 155932582210783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15593258221078394.

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Background and objectives N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide (NHPA) is the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic agent worldwide; however, it remains the leading cause of drug-induced acute liver failure. This study explored the potential impact of curcumin (Curc) and/or α-lipoic acid (Lip acid) on liver damage induced by NHPA overdose. Materials and Methods Male Wistar rats were intoxicated with a single oral dose of NHPA (1000 mg/kg) and treated with Curc (200 mg/kg p. o.) and/or Lip acid (100 mg/kg i. p.). These treatments were given in 2 doses at 2 hours and 10 hours post-NHPA-administration. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours post-NHPA-administration. Results Treatment with Curc and/or Lip acid showed effective reduction of NHPA-induced liver injury, demonstrated by reducing serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, as well as hepatic nitric oxide and malondialdehyde. Curc and/or Lip acid treatments counteracted these changes. They also ameliorated NHPA-induced centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis, evidenced by histopathological examination. Moreover, Curc and Lip acid reduced the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen III, upregulated by NHPA intoxication in response to oxidative stress and inflammation. Discussion and Conclusion Curc and Lip acid can be considered as promising natural therapies against liver injury, induced by NHPA, through their antioxidant and antifibrotic actions.

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Taparra, Kekoa, Edward Christopher Dee, Dyda Dao, Rohan Patel, Patricia Mae G. Santos, and Fumiko Chino. "Disaggregating Pacific Islanders and major Asian subpopulations to reveal hidden breast cancer disparities." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 28_suppl (October 1, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.39.28_suppl.80.

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80 Background: The Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Other Pacific Islander (AA/NHPI) population is the fastest growing and most socioeconomically heterogeneous racial/ethnic group in the US. AA/NHPI breast cancer outcomes are often reported as superior to Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) however evidence suggests aggregating AA/NHPI masks disparities among subpopulations. As NHPI is often ignored as one of five official US races, this study aims to disaggregate AA and NHPI to unmask breast cancer disparities. Methods: An IRB exempt, retrospective cohort study using the National Cancer Database was conducted for women diagnosed with breast cancer in 2004-2016. AA and NHPI patients were compared with the majority NHW group. AA was separated into pertinent geographical origins: East Asian (EA; Chinese, Japanese, Korean), South Asian (SA; Indian, Pakistani), and Southeast Asian (SEA; Filipino, Vietnamese, Laotian, Hmong, Cambodian). Descriptive statistics were used. Logistic and Cox proportional hazard regressions assessed adjusted Odds Ratios (aORs) and adjusted Hazards Ratios (aHR), respectively, with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Analyses were adjusted for patient factors (age, insurance, income, rural/urban, education, hospital region, hospital distance, Deyo comorbidity score) and cancer characteristics (grade, stage, metastases, diagnosis year, hormone status). Results: Of 2,073,822 women there were 28,311 EA, 13,259 SA, 21,645 SEA, 5,375 NHPI, and 2,005,232 NHW. The median age was 62 years with median 66 month follow-up. Compared to NHW (9.6%), presentation with late-stage disease (Stage III/IV) was higher in NHPI (12%), SA (12%), and SEA (11%), but not EA (7.5%). On adjusted analysis (Table), EA was the only group with a statistical difference from NHW with aOR=0.85 (95%CI=0.76-0.94). Kaplan-Meier test for overall survival (OS) showed differences between ethnic/racial groups with NHPI having worse OS than AA subpopulations (p<0.0001). On adjusted analysis (Table), all AA subpopulations had lower risk of death compared to NHW: EA (aHR=0.69; 95%CI=0.64-0.74), SA (aHR=0.65; 95CI=0.59-0.71), and SEA (aHR=0.78; 95%CI=0.73-0.84) however the NHPI group had a greater risk of death (aHR=1.14; 95%CI=1.02-1.28). Conclusions: NHPI women with breast cancer have worse outcomes compared to NHW. This is masked by superior AA outcomes when aggregated. The continual improper aggregation of AA with NHPI downplays NHPI cancer disparities. Proper disaggregation of NHPI from AA warrants greater attention.[Table: see text]

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Chang, Richard. "Uniting to Move Forward: Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders in 2040." AAPI Nexus Journal: Policy, Practice, and Community 14, no. 2 (2016): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36650/nexus14.2_1-18_chang.

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This essay examines the importance of disaggregating Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander data, issues currently faced by NHPI communities, and where NHPI communities could be in 2040. Projected demographic trends may exacerbate challenges faced by NHPIs in areas such as health, education, income, incarceration, housing, and immigration. The impact of climate change, technological innovations, and the United States’ shift towards a majority-minority status on NHPI communities are also analyzed. Three recommendations for improving the position of NHPIs in 2040 are provided: (1) Address the needs of an increasingly diverse NHPI community; (2) develop community capacity for civic engagement; and (3) invest in leadership development and NHPI youth.

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Marigliano, Marco, Anna Casu, Suzanne Bertera, Massimo Trucco, and Rita Bottino. "Hemoglobin A1C Percentage in Nonhuman Primates: A Useful Tool to Monitor Diabetes before and after Porcine Pancreatic Islet Xenotransplantation." Journal of Transplantation 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/965605.

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Non-human primates (NHPs) are a very valuable experimental model for diabetes research studies including experimental pancreatic islet transplantation. In particular NHPs are the recipients of choice to validate pigs as possible source of pancreatic islets. The aim of this study was to quantify glycated hemoglobin percentage in NHPs and to assess whether changes in values reflect the metabolic trends after diabetes induction and islet transplantation. Sera from 15 NHPs were analyzed. 9 NHPs were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin (STZ), and 3 of them received porcine islet transplants. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) percentage was measured with an assay based on a latex immunoagglutination inhibition methodology. Whereas diabetes and its duration were associated with increasing HbA1c levels, postislet transplantation blood glucose normalization was paralleled by a decrease in the HbA1c percentage. Our data provide evidence that HbA1c is a useful tool to monitor glucose metabolism in NHPs.

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Ovadje, Pamela, Alessia Roma, Matthew Steckle, Leah Nicoletti, John Thor Arnason, and Siyaram Pandey. "Advances in the Research and Development of Natural Health Products as Main Stream Cancer Therapeutics." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/751348.

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Natural health products (NHPs) are defined as natural extracts containing polychemical mixtures; they play a leading role in the discovery and development of drugs, for disease treatment. More than 50% of current cancer therapeutics are derived from natural sources. However, the efficacy of natural extracts in treating cancer has not been explored extensively. Scientific research into the validity and mechanism of action of these products is needed to develop NHPs as main stream cancer therapy. The preclinical and clinical validation of NHPs would be essential for this development. This review summarizes some of the recent advancements in the area of NHPs with anticancer effects. This review also focuses on various NHPs that have been studied to scientifically validate their claims as anticancer agents. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the efficacy of these NHPs in targeting the multiple vulnerabilities of cancer cells for a more selective efficacious treatment. The studies reviewed here have paved the way for the introduction of more NHPs from traditional medicine to the forefront of modern medicine, in order to provide alternative, safer, and cheaper complementary treatments for cancer therapy and possibly improve the quality of life of cancer patients.

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Kwon, Minseo, Yerin Kim, Jihye Lee, John A. Manthey, Yang Kim, and Yuri Kim. "Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone and Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone-O-Glycoside Attenuate Subcutaneous Fat and Lipid Accumulation by Regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro." Nutrients 14, no. 5 (March 4, 2022): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14051087.

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Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), a semi-natural compound from bitter orange, is an intense sweetener. The anti-obesity effects of NHDC and its glycosidic compound, NHDC-O-glycoside (GNHDC), were investigated. C57BLKS/J db/db mice were supplemented with NHDC or GNHDC (100 mg/kg b.w.) for 4 weeks. Body weight gain, subcutaneous tissues, and total adipose tissues (sum of perirenal, visceral, epididymal, and subcutaneous adipose tissue) were decreased in the NHDC and GNHDC groups. Fatty acid uptake, lipogenesis, and adipogenesis-related genes were decreased, whereas β-oxidation and fat browning-related genes were up-regulated in the sweetener groups. Furthermore, both sweeteners suppressed the level of triacylglycerol accumulation, lipogenesis, adipogenesis, and proinflammatory cytokines in the 3T3-L1 cells. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was also down-regulated, and AMP-acttvated protein kinase (AMPK) was phosphorylated in the treatment groups. These results suggest that NHDC and GNHDC inhibited subcutaneous fat and lipid accumulation by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and AMPK-related lipogenesis and fat browning.

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Penaia, Corina S., Brittany N. Morey, Karla B. Thomas, Richard C. Chang, Vananh D. Tran, Nicholas Pierson, John Greer, and Ninez A. Ponce. "Disparities in Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander COVID-19 Mortality: A Community-Driven Data Response." American Journal of Public Health 111, S2 (July 2021): S49—S52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306370.

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As of March 2021, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPIs) in the United States have lost more than 800 lives to COVID-19—the highest per capita death rate in 18 of 20 US states reporting NHPI deaths. However, NHPI risks are overlooked in policy discussions. We discuss the NHPI COVID-19 Data Policy Lab and dashboard, featuring the disproportionate COVID-19 mortality burden for NHPIs. The Lab democratized NHPI data, developed community infrastructure and resources, and informed testing site and outreach policies related to health equity.

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Ang, Ju-Ying, Rhu-Yann Ho, Seng-Fah Tong, Fatimatuzzahra’ Abd. Aziz, and Guat-See Ooi. "The Prevalence of Online Natural Health Products Purchase: A Systematic Review." MARCH 2023 19, no. 2 (March 13, 2023): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.2.36.

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Aim and design: This systematic review aimed to estimate the prevalence of online natural health products (NHPs) purchases among consumers. Data Sources: Four databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Sciences) were searched for articles published up to July 1, 2021. Review Method: Studies included were those reporting the prevalence of online NHPs purchases, those excluded were case reports, commentaries, letters, editorials, review articles, theses and non-English studies. The risk of bias of selected studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s checklist, and the pooled prevalence of online NHPs purchases was generated using the random-effect model. Results: A total of 30 studies were included in the meta-analysis, representing a total of 40,535 respondents. The pooled prevalence of online NHPs purchases was estimated at 7.60% (95% CI: 5.49, 10.01). Prevalence was higher in studies conducted in recent years, among physically active populations and when sports nutrition was included within the scope of NHPs. More than half of the selected studies have a moderate risk of bias, and considerable heterogeneity was observed across the selected studies. Conclusion and Impact: Online purchases of NHPs are not common among consumers, but they have become more common in recent years. A wide range of NHPs were investigated across studies, which may have contributed to the considerable heterogeneity reported in this review. It is suggested that future studies investigating online NHPs purchases consider reporting individual prevalence statistics specific to each NHP type, to facilitate meaningful comparisons between studies.

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Carrillo-Bilbao, Gabriel, Sarah Martin-Solano, and Claude Saegerman. "Zoonotic Blood-Borne Pathogens in Non-Human Primates in the Neotropical Region: A Systematic Review." Pathogens 10, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10081009.

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Background: Understanding which non-human primates (NHPs) act as a wild reservoir for blood-borne pathogens will allow us to better understand the ecology of diseases and the role of NHPs in the emergence of human diseases in Ecuador, a small country in South America that lacks information on most of these pathogens. Methods and principal findings: A systematic review was carried out using PRISMA guidelines from 1927 until 2019 about blood-borne pathogens present in NHPs of the Neotropical region (i.e., South America and Middle America). Results: A total of 127 publications were found in several databases. We found in 25 genera (132 species) of NHPs a total of 56 blood-borne pathogens in 197 records where Protozoa has the highest number of records in neotropical NHPs (n = 128) compared to bacteria (n = 12) and viruses (n = 57). Plasmodium brasilianum and Trypanosoma cruzi are the most recorded protozoa in NHP. The neotropical primate genus with the highest number of blood-borne pathogens recorded is Alouatta sp. (n = 32). The use of non-invasive samples for neotropical NHPs remains poor in a group where several species are endangered or threatened. A combination of serological and molecular techniques is common when detecting blood-borne pathogens. Socioecological and ecological risk factors facilitate the transmission of these parasites. Finally, a large number of countries remain unsurveyed, such as Ecuador, which can be of public health importance. Conclusions and significance: NHPs are potential reservoirs of a large number of blood-borne pathogens. In Ecuador, research activities should be focused on bacteria and viruses, where there is a gap of information for neotropical NHPs, in order to implement surveillance programs with regular and effective monitoring protocols adapted to NHPs.

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Miturski, R. "Nonhistone chromosomal proteins (NHCP) in adenocarcinoma of human endometrium." Acta Biochimica Polonica 42, no. 2 (June 30, 1995): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.1995_4644.

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Concentration and electrophoretic pattern of nonhistone chromosomal proteins (NHCP) in cancer and normal endometrium were examined. In normal tissues the NHCP/DNA ratio ranged from 0.6 to 0.8 whereas in malignant tissues from 1.2 to 1.7. Mean nuclear concentration of NHCP was 14.16 pg/cell nucleus of normal endometrium and 33.35 pg/cell nucleus of cancer tissue. The two tissues differed in the electrophoretic pattern. Heavy fractions (> 60 kDa--36%) predominated in normal tissue whereas light fractions (< 30 kDa--48%) in malignant tissue samples. The percentage of intermediate fractions (30-60 kDa) was similar. Neoplastic endometrium shows, irrespective of the patient's age, a high NHCP content. It seems that NHCP, especially the fraction extracted with 0.35 M NaCl, because of its tissue and cell specificity are involved in neoplasm formation.

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Polanco, Rito, Víctor Salazar, Nelson Reyes, María Alexandra García-Amado, and Fabián Michelangeli. "High prevalence of dna from non-H. pylori helicobacters in the gastric mucosa of venezuelan pet dogs and its histological alterations." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 53, no. 4 (August 2011): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652011000400006.

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Non-H. pylori helicobacters (NHPH) have been demonstrated as gastric spiral-shaped bacteria in specimens obtained from dogs; however, their roles in the pathogenesis of upper gastrointestinal disease have not yet been clearly established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of NHPH DNA in the gastric mucosa of dogs and its association with histopathology. Helicobacter was detected through histopathological techniques, PCR, and FISH analysis from fundic biopsies of twenty dogs with or without signs of gastrointestinal disease. PCR and FISH were based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequences. Nineteen dogs showed mild to marked gastritis in the fundus, and only one dog had a healthy gastric mucosa. NHPH DNA was detected in 18 dogs with gastritis and one with normal gastric mucosa. However, there was no significant correlation between the presence of NHPH DNA and the degree of gastritis. These results show a high prevalence of NHPH DNA in the gastric mucosa of dogs from Venezuela. Further studies are necessary to determine a possible association between a specific NHPH species and the degree of gastritis.

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Merrick, Melissa J., and John L. Koprowski. "Evidence of natal habitat preference induction within one habitat type." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1842 (November 16, 2016): 20162106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2106.

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Natal habitat preference induction (NHPI) is a mechanism for habitat selection by individuals during natal dispersal. NHPI occurs in wild animal populations, and evidence suggests it may be a common, although little studied, mechanism for post-dispersal habitat selection. Most tests of NHPI examine the influence of distinct, contrasting natal habitat types on post-dispersal habitat selection. We test the hypothesis that NHPI can occur within a single habitat type, an important consideration for habitat specialists. The Mount Graham red squirrel ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis ) is an endangered forest obligate restricted to a single mountain primarily within mixed-conifer forest. We test for NHPI by comparing intra-individual differences in natal and settlement habitat structure and composition to expected random pairwise differences. Dispersing juveniles appear to select settlement locations that are more similar to natal areas than expected in several forest structure and composition variables that include canopy cover and live basal area. Our results provide support for NHPI as a mechanism for post-dispersal habitat selection in habitat specialists that occupy a single vegetation community type.

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43

Braglia, Priscilla, Sandra L. Dugas, David Donze, and Giorgio Dieci. "Requirement of Nhp6 Proteins for Transcription of a Subset of tRNA Genes and Heterochromatin Barrier Function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 27, no. 5 (December 18, 2006): 1545–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00773-06.

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ABSTRACT A key event in tRNA gene (tDNA) transcription by RNA polymerase (Pol) III is the TFIIIC-dependent assembly of TFIIIB upstream of the transcription start site. Different tDNA upstream sequences bind TFIIIB with different affinities, thereby modulating tDNA transcription. We found that in the absence of Nhp6 proteins, the influence of the 5′-flanking region on tRNA gene transcription is dramatically enhanced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Expression of a tDNA bearing a suboptimal TFIIIB binding site, but not of a tDNA preceded by a strong TFIIIB binding region, was strongly dependent on Nhp6 in vivo. Upstream sequence-dependent stimulation of tRNA gene transcription by Nhp6 could be reproduced in vitro, and Nhp6 proteins were found associated with tRNA genes in yeast cells. We also show that both transcription and silencing barrier activity of a tDNAThr at the HMR locus are compromised in the absence of Nhp6. Our data suggest that Nhp6 proteins are important components of Pol III chromatin templates that contribute both to the robustness of tRNA gene expression and to positional effects of Pol III transcription complexes.

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Benyelles, Maname, Marie-Françoise O’Donohue, Laëtitia Kermasson, Elodie Lainey, Raphael Borie, Chantal Lagresle-Peyrou, Hilario Nunes, et al. "NHP2 deficiency impairs rRNA biogenesis and causes pulmonary fibrosis and Høyeraal–Hreidarsson syndrome." Human Molecular Genetics 29, no. 6 (January 27, 2020): 907–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddaa011.

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Abstract Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the end of chromosomes. The telomerase complex, constituted of the catalytic subunit TERT, the RNA matrix hTR and several cofactors, including the H/ACA box ribonucleoproteins Dyskerin, NOP10, GAR1, NAF1 and NHP2, regulates telomere length. In humans, inherited defects in telomere length maintenance are responsible for a wide spectrum of clinical premature aging manifestations including pulmonary fibrosis (PF), dyskeratosis congenita (DC), bone marrow failure and predisposition to cancer. NHP2 mutations have been so far reported only in two patients with DC. Here, we report the first case of Høyeraal–Hreidarsson syndrome, the severe form of DC, caused by biallelic missense mutations in NHP2. Additionally, we identified three unrelated patients with PF carrying NHP2 heterozygous mutations. Strikingly, one of these patients acquired a somatic mutation in the promoter of TERT that likely conferred a selective advantage in a subset of blood cells. Finally, we demonstrate that a functional deficit of human NHP2 affects ribosomal RNA biogenesis. Together, our results broaden the functional consequences and clinical spectrum of NHP2 deficiency.

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45

Yang, Xinmai, and Xueding Wang. "Photoacoustic non-human primate brain imaging." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0016091.

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Non-human primates (NHPs) play significant roles in brain research because of the physiological similarities between humans and NHPs. Current functional brain imaging techniques for NHPs are difficult to meet the required high spatiotemporal resolution for behavior active NHPs. In this presentation, we review our initial study on evaluating the feasibility of photoacoustic imaging (PAI) for monitoring hemodynamic responses in the NHP brains due to various functional activities. PAI systems, including array-based photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) system and photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), were used to detect hemodynamic responses in the NHP brains through a cranial window. The NHPs were subjected to different functional stimulations or actively performing behavioral tasks. Strong increases in PA signal amplitude during functional activities can be detected with single-blood-vessel spatial resolution in the cortex and subcortical regions of the NHP brains. Realtime-temporal-resolution hemodynamic response can also be obtained for the detected blood vessels in the brain. Our results demonstrate that PAI can reliably detect brain activations in NHPs with high spatiotemporal resolution.

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46

Al turk, Lutfiah Ismail, and Wejdan Saleem Al ahmadi. "Comparative Study of the Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process Type-I Generalized Half-Logistic Distribution." International Journal of Statistics and Probability 7, no. 6 (October 24, 2018): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijsp.v7n6p132.

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In this paper, Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process (NHPP) model are created based on Type-I Generalized Half-Logistic Distribution (GHLD- I). Three methods for estimating the parameters of the NHPP GHLD- I model are considered in the case of failure-occurrence time data, for this purpose the necessary likelihood equations are obtained. Confidence intervals are studied, the upper and the lower bounds of the parameters are constructed. An application based on the NHPP GHLD-I and using four published data sets are conducted. The performance of NHPP GHLD-I model is checked based on three evaluation criteria and useful results are obtained.

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Prágai, Zoltán, Caroline Eschevins, Sierd Bron, and Colin R. Harwood. "Bacillus subtilis NhaC, an Na+/H+ Antiporter, Influences Expression of thephoPR Operon and Production of Alkaline Phosphatases." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 8 (April 15, 2001): 2505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.8.2505-2515.2001.

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ABSTRACT When Bacillus subtilis is subjected to phosphate starvation, genes of the Pho regulon are either induced or repressed. Among those induced are genes encoding alkaline phosphatases (APases). A set of isogenic mutants, with a β-galactosidase gene transcriptionally fused to the inactivated target gene, was used to identify genes that influence the operation of the Pho regulon. One such gene was nhaC (previously yheL). In the absence of NhaC, growth and APase production were enhanced, while the production of other non-Pho-regulon secretory proteins (proteases and α-amylase) did not change. The influence of NhaC on growth, APase synthesis, and its own expression was dependent on the external Na+ concentration. Other monovalent cations such as Li+ or K+ had no effect. We propose a role for NhaC in the uptake of Na+. nhaC appears to be encoded by a monocistronic operon and, contrary to previous reports, is not in the same transcriptional unit as yheK, the gene immediately upstream. The increase in APase production was dependent on an active PhoR, the sensor kinase of the two-component system primarily responsible for controlling the Pho regulon. Transcriptional fusions showed that the phoPR operon and both phoA(encoding APaseA) and phoB (encoding APaseB) were hyperinduced in the absence of NhaC and repressed when this protein was overproduced. This suggests that NhaC effects APase production viaphoPR.

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48

Wills, Maya O., Robin R. Shields-Cutler, Emily Brunmeier, Madison Weissenborn, Tami Murphy, Dan Knights, Timothy J. Johnson, and Jonathan B. Clayton. "Host Species and Captivity Distinguish the Microbiome Compositions of a Diverse Zoo-Resident Non-Human Primate Population." Diversity 14, no. 9 (August 29, 2022): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14090715.

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Vast numbers of microorganisms inhabit the mammalian gastrointestinal tract in a complex community referred to as the gut microbiome. An individual’s microbiome may be impacted by genetics, diet, and various environmental factors, and has been associated with many health states and diseases, though specific explanations are lacking. While these communities are well-studied in human populations, non-human primates (NHPs), in particular zoo-resident or captive NHPs, offer distinct advantages to increasing our understanding of factors that influence gut microbiome composition. Here, we characterize the gut microbiome composition of a phylogenetically diverse cohort of NHPs residing in the same urban zoo. We show that despite overlapping and controlled environmental contexts, gut microbiomes are still distinguished between NHP host species. However, when comparing the zoo cohort to wild NHPs, we show that captivity status strongly distinguishes zoo-resident NHPs from their wild counterparts, regardless of host phylogeny. Microbial orders unique to captive NHPs include taxa commonly present in human gut microbiomes. Together, these results demonstrate that differences between NHP species are strongly associated with gut microbiome composition and diversity, suggesting that species-specific approaches should be considered when investigating environmental factors’ influence on gut microbiome composition.

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Lian, Xiao Jie, Xu Mei Wang, and Fu Zhai Cui. "In Vitro Antibacterial Properties of Vancomycin-Loaded Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Collagen/Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrates (VCM/nHAC/CSH) Bone Substitute." Materials Science Forum 745-746 (February 2013): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.745-746.6.

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In the present study, a new antibacterial bone graft substitute has been developed for repairing bone defects and inhibiting related infections at the same time. Calcium sulphate hemihydrate (CSH) was introduced into nanohydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC) to prepare a self-settingin situbone repair materials. The nHAC/CSH was used as a carrier of vancomycin (VCM) for anti-infection and the treatment of osteomyelitis. The VCM/nHAC/CSH composite was a porous scaffold with porosity of 38.8% and the compressive mechanical strength was about 4.8 MPa. The final setting time was about 15~20 min. The inhibition ratio of VCM/nHAC/CSH was more than 99.8% and the distinct inhibition zone of 18 mm was formed in Staphylococcus aureus bacterium incubation dish with VCM/nHAC/CSH disc in the center of agar matrix for 16 hours of incubation. After incubating 17 days at 37in vitro, the concentration of vancomycin in elution fluild was around 12 μg/mL. Therefore, the VCM/nHAC/CSH bone substitute presents ideal self-setting antibacterial, cytocompatibility, sustained release properties and has great potential applications for the treatment of bone defect-related infection in orthopedic surgeries.

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50

Maurya, Dinesh Kumar, Ravendra Singh, and Yogendra Kumar Rajoria. "A Mathematical Model to Solve the Burgers-Huxley Equation by using New Homotopy Perturbation Method." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 4, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 1483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2019.4.6-117.

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A semi-analytical method has been planned for the precise solution of the differential equation established on the New Homotopy Perturbation Method (NHPM), and to develop a generalized Burger-Huxley (BH) equation, in this paper. By employing NHPM, two case studies show the precise solution of the BH equation. It is shown that the NHPM is yield solution is convergent from with the easy computability term; NHPM is an effective and easy tool for cracking many real world difficulties. The three-dimension and two dimension graphical solutions of the BH equations are also provided to validate the mathematical models. MATLAB software is used to calculate the series obtained from HPM.

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