Книги: "Nexus Theory"

1

P, Demos Vasilikie, and Segal Marcia Texler 1940-, eds. Gender and the local-global nexus: Theory, research, and action. Amsterdam: Elsevier JAI, 2006.

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2

1938-, Aoki Masahiko, Gustafsson Bo 1931-, and Williamson Oliver E, eds. The Firm as a nexus of treaties. London: Sage, 1990.

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3

Marchetti, Carlo. La "nexus of contracts" theory: Teorie e visioni del diritto societario. Milano: A. Giuffrè, 2000.

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4

Atkinson, Charles M. The critical nexus: Tone-system, mode, and notation in early medieval music. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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5

Atkinson, Charles M. The critical nexus: Tone-system, mode, and notation in early medieval music. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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6

Atkinson, Charles M. The critical nexus: Tone-system, mode, and notation in early medieval music. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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7

Atkinson, Charles M. The critical nexus: Tone-system, mode, and notation in early medieval music. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

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8

Ad. J. W. van de Gevel. The Nexus between Artificial Intelligence and Economics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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9

Clarke, David B. Space, time and media theory: An illustration from the television-advertising nexus. Leeds: University of Leeds, School of Geography, 1993.

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10

Beny, Laura. Reflections on the diversity-performance nexus among elite American law firms: Toward a theory of a diversity norm. Toronto: Law and Economics Programme, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2005.

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11

Guo, Li, Patricia Sieber, and Peter Kornicki. Ecologies of Translation in East and South East Asia, 1600-1900. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729550.

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This ground-breaking volume on early modern inter-Asian translation examines how translation from plain Chinese was situated at the nexus between, on the one hand, the traditional standard of biliteracy characteristic of literary practices in the Sinographic sphere, and on the other, practices of translational multilingualism (competence in multiple spoken languages to produce a fully localized target text). Translations from plain Chinese are shown to carve out new ecologies of translations that not only enrich our understanding of early modern translation practices across the Sinographic sphere, but also demonstrate that the transregional uses of a non-alphabetic graphic technology call for different models of translation theory.

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12

Bentley, Tamara H., ed. Picturing Commerce in and from the East Asian Maritime Circuits, 1550-1800. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462984677.

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Combining strikingly new scholarship by art historians, historians, and ethnomusicologists, this interdisciplinary volume illuminates trade ties within East Asia, and from East Asia outwards, in the years 1550 to 1800. While not encyclopedic, the selected topics greatly advance our sense of this trade picture. Throughout the book, multi-part trade structures are excavated; the presence of European powers within the Asian trade nexus features as part of this narrative. Visual goods are highlighted, including lacquerwares, paintings, prints, musical instruments, textiles, ivory sculptures, unfired ceramic portrait figurines, and Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Southeast Asian ceramic vessels. These essays underscore the significance of Asian industries producing multiples, and the rhetorical charge of these goods, shifting in meaning as they move. Everyday commodities are treated as well; for example, the trans-Pacific trade in contraband mercury, used in silver refinement, is spelled out in detail. Building reverberations between merchant networks, trade goods, and the look of the objects themselves, this richly-illustrated book brings to light the Asian trade engine powering the early modern visual cultures of East and Southeast Asia, the American colonies, and Europe.

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13

Fuinhas, Jose Alberto, and António Cardoso Marques. Extended Energy-Growth Nexus: Theory and Empirical Applications. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2019.

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14

Shane, Scott. General Theory of Entrepreneurship: The Individual-Opportunity Nexus. Elgar Publishing Limited, Edward, 2003.

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15

Fuinhas, Jose Alberto, and António Cardoso Marques. Extended Energy-Growth Nexus: Theory and Empirical Applications. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2019.

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16

Buchanan, Mark. Nexus: Small Worlds and the Groundbreaking Theory of Networks. W. W. Norton & Company, 2003.

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17

Buchanan, Mark. Nexus: Small Worlds and the Groundbreaking Theory of Networks. Norton & Company, Incorporated, W. W., 2003.

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18

Lee, Yew-Jin, and Aik-Ling Tan. Science Education at the Nexus of Theory and Practice. BRILL, 2008.

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19

Nexus: Small Worlds and the Groundbreaking Theory of Networks. W. W. Norton & Company, 2003.

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20

Nexus Tablets For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2013.

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21

Knowledge-morality nexus: Challenging the dominant paradigm. Lahore: Concept Media Books, 1995.

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22

Demos, Vasilikie, and Marcia Texler Segal, eds. Gender and the Local-Global Nexus: Theory, Research, and Action. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1529-2126(2006)10.

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23

Atkinson, Charles M. Critical Nexus: Tone-System, Mode, and Notation in Early Medieval Music. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2016.

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24

Atkinson, Charles M. Critical Nexus: Tone-System, Mode, and Notation in Early Medieval Music. Ebsco Publishing, 2009.

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25

Ad. J. W. van de Gevel and Charles N. Noussair. Nexus Between Artificial Intelligence and Economics. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2013.

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26

Social Justice in the Globalization of Production: Labor, Gender, and the Environment Nexus. Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

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27

Islam, Saidul, and Ismail Hossain. Social Justice in the Globalization of Production: Labor, Gender, and the Environment Nexus. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.

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28

Shane, Scott Andrew. A General Theory of Entrepreneurship: The Individual-Opportunity Nexus (New Horizons in Entrepreneurship Series). Edward Elgar Publishing, 2003.

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29

Shane, Scott Andrew. A General Theory Of Entrepreneurship: The Individual-opportunity Nexus (New Horizons in Entrepreneurship Series). Edward Elgar Pub, 2004.

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30

Chan, Emily Ying Yang. From theory to practice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198807179.003.0006.

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This chapter introduces some myths of health promotion, the project cycle of health and disaster preparedness education programmes, needs assessment, project planning, programme implementation and monitoring, programme evaluation, and notes for organizers and participants of health and disaster preparedness education programmes. Concrete examples will be provided to put the abstract framework into use. This chapter integrates the themes in previous chapters with relevant insights gained from actual field experience in Asia, focusing on programme implementation field experience and lessons learnt, as well as the practical challenges and problems encountered in the field in rural Asian settings. It will also discuss the field-policy nexus, that is, the fulfilment of policy ambitions in such international policy frameworks like the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030), and the Paris Agreement for Climate Change by rural field programmes in health, emergency, and disaster risk reduction.

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31

Gender and the Local-Global Nexus, Volume 10: Theory, Research, and Action (Advances in Gender Research). JAI Press, 2006.

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32

Jackson, Patrick Thaddeus. What is Theory? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.361.

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The concept of theory takes part in a conceptual network occupied by some of the most common subjects of European Enlightenment, such as “science” and “reason.” Generally speaking, a theory is a rational type of abstract or generalizing thinking, or the results of such thinking. Theories drive the exercise of finding facts rather than of reaching goals. To formulate a theory, or to “theorize,” is to assert something of a privileged epistemic status, manifested in the traditional scholarly hierarchy between theorists and those who merely labor among the empirical weeds. In so doing, a theory provides a fixed point upon which analysis can be founded and action can be performed. Scholar and author Kenneth W. Thompson describes a nexus of relations between and among three different senses of the word “theory:” normative theory, a “general theory of politics,” and the set of assumptions on the basis of which a given actor is acting. These three types of theory are somehow paralleled by Marysia Zalewski’s triad of theory as “tool,” theory as “critique,” and theory as “everyday practice.” While Thompson’s and Zalewski’s interpretations of theory are each inherently consistent, both signal a different philosophical ontology. Thompson’s viewpoint is dualist, presuming the existence of a mind-independent world to which knowledge refers; while Zalewski’s is more of a monist, rejecting the mind/world dichotomy in favor of a more complex interrelationship between observers and their objects of study.

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33

Singer, Abraham A. The Chicago School’s Theory of the Corporation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698348.003.0006.

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This chapter analyses the Chicago school theory of the corporation, which reduces the corporation to a set of purely market processes, a nexus of contracts. The chapter begins by offering a conceptual clarification of what the Chicago school is, and how it builds on a strand of Ronald Coase’s thought different from the theory of transaction costs. It then discusses the important components of its theory of the corporation: profit-maximization ethics; agency theory; property rights theory; and the economic theory of corporate law. The chapter concludes with a rehearsal of how the Chicago school answers the questions posed in the first chapter.

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34

Wallace, R. Jay. The Moral Nexus. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691172170.001.0001.

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This book develops and defends a new interpretation of morality—namely, as a set of requirements that connect agents normatively to other persons in a nexus of moral relations. According to this relational interpretation, moral demands are directed to other individuals, who have claims that the agent comply with these demands. Interpersonal morality, so conceived, is the domain of what we owe to each other, insofar as we are each persons with equal moral standing. The book offers an interpretative argument for the relational approach. Specifically, it highlights neglected advantages of this way of understanding the moral domain; explores important theoretical and practical presuppositions of relational moral duties; and considers the normative implications of understanding morality in relational terms. The book features a novel defense of the relational approach to morality, which emphasizes the special significance that moral requirements have, both for agents who are deliberating about what to do and for those who stand to be affected by their actions. It argues that relational moral requirements can be understood to link us to all individuals whose interests render them vulnerable to our agency, regardless of whether they stand in any prior relationship to us. It also offers fresh accounts of some of the moral phenomena that have seemed to resist treatment in relational terms, showing that the relational interpretation is a viable framework for understanding our specific moral obligations to other people.

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35

de Andrade, Dominique. The “Drugs-Crime Nexus”. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374847.003.0001.

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The prioritization of imprisonment as a response to drug use in many countries has led to growing prison populations, with little impact on drug use, drug-related harm, or drug-related crime. There is increased international debate around how to best manage and respond to at-risk populations, with good evidence to suggest that embracing harm reduction strategies in the community and in prison can lead to reduced rates of imprisonment, infectious disease, and other preventable harms. Despite this, evidence-based treatment and harm reduction programs have largely failed to penetrate the walls of correctional institutions in most countries. This chapter provides an overview of major drug groups and explores the impact of drug policy on international imprisonment rates, and the diversity of responses to people who use drugs in the community and prison. The potential for corrections to play a significant therapeutic role in addressing the urgent treatment and harm reduction needs of at-risk, drug-using populations in prison and during their transition back to the community is highlighted.

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36

Stafford, Ian, Alistair Cole, and Dominic Heinz. Analysing the Trust-Transparency Nexus. Policy Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447355212.001.0001.

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Is transparency a necessary condition to build and restore citizen and civil society trust in governance and democracy? Throughout Europe, there is a growing demand for effective forms of citizen engagement and decentralisation in policy-making to increase trust and engage increasingly diverse populations. This volume addresses the relationship between trust and transparency in the context of multi-level governance. Drawing on fieldwork from the UK, France and Germany, the book examines different efforts to build trust between key actors involved in decision-making at the sub-national level. It outlines the challenges of delivering this agenda and explores the paradox that trust might require transparency, yet in some instances transparency may undermine trust.

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37

Gatens, Moira. Politicizing the Body: Property, Contract, and Rights. Edited by John S. Dryzek, Bonnie Honig, and Anne Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548439.003.0037.

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This article examines the politicization of the human body focusing on the way this issue was conceived in the West. The human body has long been used as a source of metaphor for political theorists and the very notion of body politic leans on the image of a unified and discrete entity that has commanding parts and obeying parts that may be robust or ailing, strong or weak. This article suggests that aside from political theory with a rich source of metaphor, the human body also serves as the nexus where political conceptions of the universal and the particular meet.

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38

Thornton, Fanny. People Movement in the Climate Change Context. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824817.003.0002.

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A scene-setting chapter which presents in some detail the nexus between climate change and people movement. It explores the anthropogenic nature of climate change and the extent to which certain events or disturbances are attributable to man-made climate change, a connection vital to the justice theory–based analysis to follow. The chapter then explores knowledge of the links between climate change, its effects, people, their setting, and people movement. These factors interact, and a linear connection between a climatic event, its effects, and the movement of people does not necessarily exist. The challenges this presents for both a legal and justice-based analysis are highlighted. The chapter concludes that interesting questions about responsibility are nevertheless raised, which are best explored from a justice angle.

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39

Dalton, Dennis. Hindu Political Philosophy. Edited by George Klosko. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199238804.003.0050.

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The long tradition of Hindu philosophy in India had several distinct peaks of systematic thought. The apogee of its political theory developed during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries as a response to the British imperial authority, commonly known as the Raj. This article describes modern Hindu political philosophy's admixture of its classical tradition with contemporary Indian nationalism as it encountered British theories of freedom, equality, power, and social or political change. The result was an original and cogent system of ideas that at once responded to the British intellectual challenge and reconstituted key elements of the classical Indian philosophical tradition. The leading formulators of this formidable project were four major Hindu theorists: Swami Vivekananda, Aurobindo Ghose, Rabindranath Tagore, and Mohandas K. Gandhi. These four are intricately connected by a logical nexus of concepts derived from their common religion, their interpretative intellectual project of reforming Hinduism in the face of British colonialism, and their significant commitment to the cause of Indian independence.

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40

Smith, Douglas C., ed. Emerging Adults and Substance Use Disorder Treatment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190490782.001.0001.

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Emerging adulthood, spanning roughly between ages 18 and 29, is increasingly recognized as a unique period of development within the human lifespan. Unfortunately, the peak prevalence for substance use and related disorders occurs during emerging adulthood. At the nexus of developmental theory and clinical practice, this volume explores the idiosyncrasies associated with the assessment and treatment of substance-related disorders among emerging adults. Comprehensive coverage is provided on the developmental aspects of emerging adulthood, emerging adult–specific substance use screening, assessment, and treatment. In addition, many related special topics are addressed, including U.S. healthcare reform and the Affordable Care Act’s impact on treatment for emerging adults, treatment for aging-out foster youth with substance use disorders, collegiate recovery programs, and treatment needs of emerging adults from privileged and marginalized backgrounds. Throughout the book, readers receive research-informed, yet practical, suggestions for emerging adult substance use disorder treatment.

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41

Cruces, Guillermo, Gary S. Fields, David Jaume, and Mariana Viollaz. Cross-Country Analysis of the Growth–Employment–Poverty Nexus. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801085.003.0004.

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This chapter looks at the cross-country link between growth, employment, and poverty. Findings indicate that: (i) faster growth is associated with larger improvements in labour market indicators, but the relationships are weak; (ii) there is no substantial relationship between the changes in labour market indicators and initial gross domestic product per capita or the initial level of the labour market indicator; (iii) some macroeconomic factors are related to changes in labour market indicators, some in the welfare-improving direction and some in the welfare-reducing direction; (iv) labour market indicators tend to move together, with no indicator improving while another is worsening; (v) there is a strong cross-country association between reductions in poverty and improvements in earnings and employment indicators.

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42

Braddon-Mitchell, David. The Glue of the Universe. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746911.003.0006.

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The chapter argues that there are two kinds of pluralism about causation that need to be recognized to prevent people talking past each other. The first is between broadly explanatory accounts—in which the focus is on determining which pasts of the causal nexus are explanatorily relevant—accounts where causation is whatever it is which gives structure to that nexus. The second pluralism is within those accounts of what gives structure to the nexus. The chapter is largely concerned with the second pluralism, and argues that there is a conditional structure to that pluralism, in which there is a range of things which, if found to be actual, could count as causation in this sense, ranked in a lexical order, where whatever is most highly ranked and actually found in the world is what causation is and necessarily so.

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43

Milner, Andrew, and J. R. Burgmann. Science Fiction and Climate Change. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621723.001.0001.

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Despite the occasional upsurge of climate change scepticism among Anglophone conservative politicians and journalists, there is still a near consensus among climate scientists that current levels of atmospheric greenhouse gas are sufficient to alter global weather patterns to disastrous effect. The resultant climate crisis is simultaneously both a natural and a socio-cultural phenomenon and in this book Milner and Burgmann argue that science fiction occupies a critical location within this nature/culture nexus. Science Fiction and Climate Change takes as its subject matter what Daniel Bloom famously dubbed ‘cli-fi’. It does not, however, attempt to impose a prescriptively environmentalist aesthetic on this sub-genre. Rather, it seeks to explain how a genre defined in relation to science finds itself obliged to produce fictional responses to the problems actually thrown up by contemporary scientific research. Milner and Burgmann adopt a historically and geographically comparatist framework, analysing print and audio-visual texts drawn from a number of different contexts, especially Australia, Britain, Canada, China, Finland, France, Germany, Japan and the United States. Inspired by Raymond Williams’s cultural materialism, Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology of culture and Franco Moretti’s version of world systems theory, the book builds on Milner’s own Locating Science Fiction to produce a powerfully persuasive study in the sociology of literature.

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44

Gianni, Matteo. The Migration-Mobility Nexus: Rethinking Citizenship and Integration as Processes1. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474428231.003.0010.

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In Western societies multiculturalism is increasingly perceived neither as a legitimate nor an efficient way to promote a fair conception of citizenship and an efficient integration of religious and cultural minorities. This has led to a higher political relevance of the notion of integration, defining the perimeter and the modalities of accommodation of minority groups. However, the dominant existing conceptions of integration and citizenship implicitly assume the immobility of immigrants. The chapter aims at thinking about a conception of democratic integration which is suited to tackle issues related to mobility of individuals and groups. It discusses the concept of integration in distinguishing two main conceptions of it, namely integration as adjustment and integration as an inter-subjective process of negotiation and/or reinterpretation of the specific content of common values and of common belonging. On the basis of the moral superiority of integration as process over integration as adaptation, there are not compelling reasons that this should preclude mobile individuals. Immobility is not needed to deliberate about democratic norms of common belonging. But this cannot result in the diminution of rights and resources of individuals who do not have the choice of mobility. Multicultural terms of fair integration are therefore still needed to accommodate societies where minority groups are marked by difference.

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45

Cullen, Jay. A culture beyond repair? The nexus between ethics and sanctionsin finance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198755661.003.0007.

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In the wake of the Great Financial Crisis and the attendant collapse of faith in market discipline, there has been a concerted attempt by regulators and state officials to address the perceived ethical deficit in banking. This chapter asks which form of approach has the best chance of success in encouraging bankers to act more responsibly. In particular, it discusses how law and regulation should be used to control socially excessive risk-taking, focusing on two key areas: the character of “excessive” and socially suboptimal risk-taking in finance, which is often obfuscated, and the extent to which individual liability should be used to remedy the consequences of excessive risk-taking. It critical evaluates a variety of other approaches to this problem, focusing in particular on calls for the industry to introduce professional banking codes, which it rejects as based on conceptual misapprehensions.

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46

McDevitt, Michael. Where Ideas Go to Die. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190869953.001.0001.

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Where Ideas Go to Die explores the troubled relationship of US journalism and intellect. A defender of common sense, the press is irked at intellect yet often dependent on its critical autonomy. A postwar observation from Richard Hofstadter applies to contemporary journalists: “Men do not rise in the morning, grin at themselves in their mirrors, and say: ‘Ah, today I shall torment an intellectual and strangle an idea!’ ” The book nevertheless documents the prowess of news media in policing intellect. Control extends beyond suppression of ideas and ways of thinking to the aggressive rendering of dissent into deviance. The social control of intellect by journalism is accompanied by social control of journalism in newsrooms and in classrooms where norms are cultivated. Anti-intellectualism consequently operates like dark matter in media, a presence inferred by its effects rather than directly observed or acknowledged. When journalists anticipate a punitive public, the reified resentment is no more real than the fiction of omnipotent citizens in democratic theory, yet the audience imagined compels how intellect is rendered in the news as nuisance, deviance, or object of ridicule. Journalism’s contribution to the social control of ideas is poignantly democratic: audiences are cast in consequential roles that affirm their wisdom in a closed, self-referential system. The book concludes with a discussion about what intellectual journalism would look like. Interviews with 25 “dangerous professors” demonstrate how alliances in the academic-media nexus can seed intellect in newswork.

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47

Pynnöniemi, Katri, ed. Nexus of Patriotism and Militarism in Russia: A Quest for Internal Cohesion. Helsinki University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33134/hup-9.

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This edited volume explores patriotism and the growing role of militarism in today’s Russia. During the last 20-year period, there has been a consistent effort in Russia to consolidate the nation and to foster a sense of unity and common purpose. To this end, Russian authorities have activated various channels, from educational programmes and youth organizations to media and popular culture. With the conflict in Ukraine, the manipulation of public sentiments – feeling of pride and perception of threat – has become more systemic. The traditional view of Russia being Other for Europe has been replaced with a narrative of enmity. The West is portrayed as a threat to Russia’s historical-cultural originality while Russia represents itself as a country encircled by enemies. On the other hand, these state-led projects mixing patriotism and militarism are perceived sceptically by the Russian society, especially the younger generations. This volume provides new insights into the evolution of enemy images in Russia and the ways in which societal actors perceive official projections of patriotism and militarism in the Russian society. The contributors of the volume include several experts on Russian studies, contemporary history, political science, sociology, and media studies.

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48

Scheer, Monique. Enthusiasm. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863595.001.0001.

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Enthusiasm seeks to contribute to a culturally and historically nuanced understanding of how emotions secure and ratify the truth of convictions. More than just pure affective intensity, enthusiasm is about something: a certainty, clarity, or truth. Neither as clearly negative as “fanaticism” nor as general as “passion,” “enthusiasm” specifically entails belief. For this reason, Enthusiasm takes its starting point in religion, the social arena in which the concept was first debated and to which the term still gestures. Empirically based in modern German Protestantism, where religious emotion is intensely cultivated but also subject to vigorous scrutiny, this book combines historical and ethnographic methods to show how enthusiasm has been negotiated and honed as a practice in Protestant denominations ranging from liberal to charismatic. The nexus of religion and emotion and how it relates to central concepts of modernity such as rationality, knowledge, interiority, and sincerity are key to understanding why moderns are so ambivalent about enthusiasm. Grounded in practice theory, Enthusiasm assumes that emotions are not an affective state we “have” but mind–body activations we “do,” having learned to perform them in culturally specific ways. This book shows that, when understood as an emotional practice, enthusiasm has different styles, inflected by historical traditions, social milieus, and knowledge (even ideologies) about emotions and how they work. Finally, Enthusiasm also provides insight into how this feeling works in secular humanism as well as in politics, and why it is so contested as a practice in any context.

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49

Doty, Roxanne Lynn. The Global and the Local. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.332.

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The connections between the local and the global raise a range of issues that have been addressed in social and political theory in the past but continue to provoke important discussion. Many of the constructs that have traditionally been foundational to the academic discipline of international relations, including territory and sovereignty, are inherently intertwined with how we think of the local and the global. The local–global connections revolve around three broad and overlapping themes: the critical scrutiny of older concepts and the emergence of new ones as well as alternative vocabularies; an appreciation of the necessity of an interdisciplinary perspective; and attention to the significance of the relationship between theory and practice. Many of the more recent scholarly work on the local–global continue to tackle the effects of global capitalism in locations constructed as local as well as the role of these locations in facilitating global capitalist relations. Critical geographers and cultural studies scholars have made important contributions to our understandings of the global–local nexus by focusing on the formation of social movements and localized practices of resistance as well as transversal struggles that call into question conventional spatial logics. Another important area of research that has made both conceptual and empirical contributions has produced the “global cities” literature. Students of international studies need to continue to focus on what have been referred to as “everyday” or “local” practices that have often been considered unimportant when it comes to the “big” issues of international studies.

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50

Boggs, Colleen Glenney. Patriotism by Proxy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863670.001.0001.

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Patriotism by Proxy develops a new understanding of the connections between American literature and American lives by focusing on a historic moment when the military transformed both. At the height of the Civil War in 1863, the Union instated the first-ever federal draft. Paired with the Emancipation Proclamation, the draft inaugurated new relationships between the nation and its citizens. A massive bureaucratic undertaking, the draft redefined the American people as a population. Equitable as the system was in theory, the draft laid bare social divisions, as wealthy draftees could hire substitutes to serve in their stead. A unique feature of the Civil War draft, substitutes reflect the transformation of how the state governed American life: the draft is the context in which American politics met and also transformed into a new kind of biopolitics. Replicating the core assumption of representative democracy that enables one person to stand in as a political proxy for another, the substitute took the place of the draftee and stood in uneasy relationship to the volunteer. Censorship and the suspension of habeas corpus prohibited free discussions over the draft’s significance, making literary devices and genres the primary means for deliberating over the changing meanings of political representation and citizenship. Assembling an extensive textual and visual archive, Patriotism by Proxy examines the draft as a cultural formation that operated at the nexus of political abstraction and embodied specificity, where the definition of national subjectivity was negotiated in the interstices of what it means to be a citizen-soldier.

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