Дисертації з теми "Nexus of Food, Energy, and Water (NeFEW)"
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Hussien, Wa'el Abdul-Bari. "Multi-scale investigation of water-energy-food nexus." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/28299.
Повний текст джерелаSainz, Gabriel. "The Zambezi River Basin: Water Resources Management : Energy-Food-Water nexus approach." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-159566.
Повний текст джерелаToboso, Chavero Susana. "Integrating the food, energy and water nexus on urban rooftops." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673965.
Повний текст джерелаLas estrategias urbanas sostenibles se están extendiendo por todo el mundo con el objetivo común de mejorar los hábitats donde vive la mayoría la población. Estas estrategias abarcan muchos campos diferentes y son clave para transformar las ciudades en lugares más sanos, justos y ecológicos. Las ciudades suelen basarse en un sistema de economía lineal, y tres de los recursos esenciales en las zonas urbanas son los alimentos, la energía y el agua (FEW). Por ello, las ciudades deben encontrar soluciones circulares, cerrando círculos de energía y materiales, y evitando la generación de residuos y emisiones. Una de estas soluciones circulares es el uso de cubiertas infrautilizadas para implementar la producción de hortalizas, energía o la recolección de agua de lluvia, es decir, las cubiertas mosaico. Para ello, esta tesis evalúa los impactos ambientales y socioeconómicos, así como los beneficios de la implementación de la producción de alimentos, las infraestructuras de energía renovable y la recolección de agua de lluvia, en las cubiertas con el fin de lograr ciudades autosuficientes. Utilizamos un conjunto de metodologías de diferentes campos, evaluando las cubiertas mosaico desde una perspectiva ambiental, social y económica, y utilizando diferentes enfoques. Primeramente, proponemos una guía completa para implantar con precisión estos sistemas en las cubiertas, desde los aspectos técnicos hasta los indicadores ambientales, sociales y económicos. Posteriormente, lo aplicamos a diferentes escalas y zonas urbanas. Los dos primeros estudios se basan en polígonos de viviendas y el tercero en un municipio con tres formas urbanas características. Evaluamos el metabolismo de FEW de estas zonas urbanas, concluyendo que los polígonos de vivienda presentan las tasas más bajas de metabolismo de electricidad (0,75-0,82 MJ/hora), hortalizas y agua. Por el contrario, las zonas de viviendas unifamiliares muestran los índices más altos en las tasas metabólicas de hortalizas y electricidad. Respecto a los diferentes indicadores de sostenibilidad, encontramos una cuota relevante de autosuficiencia en el suministro de hortalizas, 17-115% a través de la implantación de cultivos al aire libre o invernaderos, y también en la producción de energía con porcentajes del 7-71% a través de paneles solares. En el caso de la autosuficiencia hídrica, el porcentaje es elevado, 66-227%, para el riego de los cultivos, pero para usos específicos, como el lavado de la ropa y las cisternas, los porcentajes son bajos, 18-38% para un solo uso. En cuanto a los indicadores ambientales, los escenarios con más cubiertas que implementan paneles fotovoltaicos presentan un elevado ahorro de CO2, pero simultáneamente un elevado impacto ambiental en su fase de construcción (98 kg CO2 eq/m2/año). Los indicadores socioeconómicos ilustran que estos nuevos sistemas podrían cubrir entre el 9-71% y el 7-18% de la pobreza energética y de agua, respectivamente. En cuanto a los ahorros monetarios, los hogares podrían ahorrar entre 335-1801 euros/año dependiendo del escenario implementado. Para involucrar a las partes interesadas en el diseño de futuros escenarios, evaluamos la percepción pública de estas estrategias a través de procesos participativos y encuestas, revelando que la mayoría de los residentes prefieren implementar paneles fotovoltaicos en sus cubiertas (65-77%). Sin embargo, para la implantación de la agricultura urbana, el porcentaje dispuesto a aceptar es menor, un 7% en uno de los municipios, y en el segundo la proporción aumenta hasta el 20-21%. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados de esta tesis, las futuras líneas de investigación que se proponen son la puesta en marcha de diferentes proyectos piloto en distintas formas urbanas, con el objetivo de supervisar y probar las cubiertas mosaico, y la inclusión de todas las partes interesadas en el diseño de estrategias urbanas efectivas para la mitigación del cambio climático.
Sustainable urban strategies are worldwide spreading with the common goal of improving the habitats where most population lives, i.e., cities. These strategies cover many different fields and are key to transforming cities into healthier, fairer, and greener sites. Cities are often based on a linear economy system, and three of the most essential resources required in urban areas are food, energy and water (FEW). Hence, cities must find circular solutions, closing loops of energy and materials, and avoiding the generation of waste and emissions. Therefore, one of these circular solutions is the use of underutilized rooftops to implement the production of vegetables, energy or rainwater harvesting, i.e., the Roof Mosaic approach named by authors. To this end, this dissertation aims to assess the environmental and socio-economic impacts, and the benefits of the implementation of food production, renewable energy infrastructures and rainwater harvesting, on available rooftops for the purpose of self-sufficient cities. We use a set of different methodologies from different fields, assessing the Roof Mosaic from an environmental, social and economic perspective, and using different approaches such as urban metabolism, life cycle and public participation. We first propose a complete guideline to the accurate implementation of these systems on urban roofs, from the technical aspects to environmental, social and economic indicators. Subsequently, to assess the Roof Mosaic, we apply it at different scales and different urban areas. The two first studies are based on housing estates, and the third is based on a municipality with three characteristic urban forms. We evaluate the FEW metabolism of these urban areas, concluding that housing estates have the lowest electricity (0.75-0.82 MJ/hour), vegetable and water metabolic rates. In contrast, the single-family housing areas display the highest rates in vegetable and electricity metabolic rates. Regarding the different sustainability indicators, we find a relevant share of self-sufficiency in vegetable supply, from 17 to 115% through the implementation of open-air farming or greenhouses on roofs, and also in energy production with percentages of 7-71% through solar panels. In the case of water self-sufficiency, the percentage is high 66-227% for the irrigation of crops, but for specific uses, such as flushing and laundry the percentages are low, from 18-38% for single use, or laundry or flushing. In terms of environmental indicators, scenarios with more rooftops implementing photovoltaic panels depict high CO2 savings but simultaneously high environmental impacts in their construction phase (98 kg CO2 eq/m2/year). Socio-economic indicators illustrate that these new FEW systems could cover between 9-71% and 7-18% of energy and water poverty, respectively. Concerning monetary savings, households could save between 335-1801 ?/year depending on the scenario implemented. To engage stakeholders in the design of future scenarios, we evaluate the public perception of these strategies through participatory processes and surveys, revealing that most residents prefer to implement photovoltaic panels on their rooftops (65-77%). However, for the implementation of urban rooftop farming, the percentage willing to accept is lower. In one of the municipalities only 7%, and in the second one the proportion augments to 20-21%. Therefore, there is a necessity for policies aimed at the use of rooftops for other systems than photovoltaic panels such as open-air farming, rooftop greenhouses or green roofs. Considering the findings of this dissertation, future research lines proposed are setting up different pilot projects in different urban forms and types of residents, aiming to monitor and test the Roof Mosaic and the inclusion of all stakeholders in the design of urban strategies to match their preferences and needs with effective climate change solutions in cities.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals
Barbarà, Mir Laia. "The water-energy-food nexus to tackle climate change in Morocco." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670228.
Повний текст джерелаEl nexe aigua, energia i aliments (a partir d'ara: "WEF Nexus", de les seves sigles en anglès), és un enfocament teòric que permet comprendre millor i examinar sistemàticament les interaccions entre el medi natural i les activitats humanes, per tal d'aconseguir una gestió i un ús més racionalitzat dels recursos naturals (FAO, 2014). El WEF Nexus analitza de quina manera un grup de persones utilitzen els recursos -regionalment, nacionalment i localment- a la vegada que analitza com es podrien gestionar de manera més eficient. La implementació del WEF Nexus, té efectes en tots els 17 objectius de desenvolupament sostenible (ODS). De fet, diversos governs ja han incorporat el WEF Nexus en la seva política governamental per tal de promoure un futur més sostenible. El WEF Nexus té quatre objectius: ajudar a erradicar la inseguretat alimentària, la fam i la desnutrició; contribuir a que la pesca, la silvicultura i l’agricultura siguin més productives i sostenibles; ajudar a eliminar la pobresa rural; i promoure sistemes alimentaris eficients i sostenibles (FAO, 2019). Per tal de comprendre els reptes, les tendències i les oportunitats que presenta el WEF Nexus, aquesta investigació comença definint què és i d’on prové per després suggerir bones pràctiques per alleujar les pressions que amenacen la disponibilitat de recursos i gestionar-les millor. No obstant, quan s'implementen aquests objectius encara sorgeixen problemes com exemplifica el creixent nombre de migrants climàtics, que posa de relleu que encara hi ha marge de millora per assolir el màxim potencial del Nexus. Aquesta Tesi també analitza l'estat actual del WEF Nexus i proposa un paquet de polítiques públiques pel cas concret del Marroc. Dins de la regió MENA, el Marroc és probablement el país més vulnerable al canvi climàtic: la desertització, l’augment del nivell del mar, la salinització de les aigües subterrànies, la migració climàtica, així com les inundacions sobtades i les tempestes, afecten la vida de les persones de totes les parts del país. Una situació tan única i tan fràgil ha motivat l’elecció del país com a cas d’estudi per aquesta Tesi. Gestionar els recursos d’un país amb un enfocament del WEF Nexus, és un gran primer pas per assolir els objectius de l’Agenda 2030. El WEF Nexus és una força catalitzadora per al desenvolupament: sustenta la igualtat i la democràcia alhora que estableix les bases per assolir els objectius de desenvolupament sostenible. La prioritat del WEF Nexus és la protecció dels recursos vitals, sense els quals la vida humana és impossible.
Evans, John Parker. "Autoregenerative Laccase Cathodes: Fungi at the Food, Water, and Energy Nexus." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612407.
Повний текст джерелаRahman, Md Mizanur <1980>. "Legal Ontology for Nexus: Water, Energy and Food in EU Regulations." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7261/.
Повний текст джерелаAl-Ansari, Tareq. "The development of the energy, water and food nexus systems model." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/33377.
Повний текст джерелаGaur, Varun [Verfasser]. "Decentralized energy in India and its synergies with Water-Energy-Food security (WEF) nexus / Varun Gaur." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173898573/34.
Повний текст джерелаSchünemann, Franziska [Verfasser]. "Economy-Wide Policy Modeling of the Food-Energy-Water Nexus : Identifying Synergies and Tradeoffs on Food, Energy, and Water Security in Malawi / Franziska Schünemann." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173657274/34.
Повний текст джерелаHameed, Maysoun Ayad. "From Drought to Food-Energy-Water-Security Nexus: an Assessment of Food Insecurity in the Middle East." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4682.
Повний текст джерелаSchünemann, Franziska [Verfasser], and Manfred [Akademischer Betreuer] Zeller. "Economy-wide policy modeling of the food-energy-water nexus : identifying synergies and tradeoffs on food, energy, and water security in Malawi / Franziska Schünemann ; Betreuer: Manfred Zeller." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2017. http://d-nb.info/114179019X/34.
Повний текст джерелаRakitskaya, Katsiaryna. "Water-energy-food nexus in India: a review of interlinkages and challenges for a sustainable development." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-453235.
Повний текст джерелаElnour, Mugahid. "The impact of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissances Dam on the Water-Energy-Food security nexus in Sudan." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-394907.
Повний текст джерелаLee, Kyuha. "Sustainable Process and Supply Chain Design with Consideration of Economic Constraints, Climate Change, and Food-Energy-Water Nexus." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1598205952374569.
Повний текст джерелаTan, Andrew Huey Ping. "The development of a measurement system for water-energy-food (WEF) security nexus in Malaysia : wellbeing, sectoral balance and sustainable development." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52599/.
Повний текст джерелаHulley, Sarah May. "The food-energy-water-land-biodiversity (FEWLB) nexus through the lens of the local level : an agricultural case study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19958.
Повний текст джерелаHandiso, Bisrat Woldemichael. "The challenges and Opportunities of the Grand Renaissance Dam for sustainable Energy - Water - Food - Ecosystem services Nexus in Ethiopia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-360827.
Повний текст джерелаThe paper shows that how to use the reservoir hydropower plant for multipurpose, such as for energy, water, food, ecosystem services integration at local level
Monasterolo, Irene, and Candice Howarth. "Opportunities for knowledge co-production across the energy-food-water nexus: Making interdisciplinary approaches work for better climate decision making." Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2017.05.019.
Повний текст джерелаPaulos, Helen Berga [Verfasser]. "The Water-Energy-Food Nexus in the Eastern Nile Basin : Transboundary Interlinkages, Climate Change and Scope for Cooperation / Helen Berga Paulos." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1205462724/34.
Повний текст джерелаMaximilian, Spiegelberg. "Exploring the potentials of a new perspective for a local approach: The Water-Energy-Food Nexus at the Dampalit Stream, the Philippines." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225950.
Повний текст джерелаMoraes-Santos, Eliana Cristina. "O nexo água-alimento-energia aplicado à rede de influência entre as cidades : análise centrada no município de Cunha, São Paulo /." Guaratinguetá, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192257.
Повний текст джерелаResumo: A abordagem do nexo água-alimento-energia (AAE) leva em consideração a interdependência do uso desses recursos, essenciais para o bem-estar humano, e possibilita analisar os indicadores dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). Nesta inter-relação é necessária uma abordagem sistêmica para compreender como a interação de cada componente funciona e se estrutura. Na presente tese foi analisado o nexo AAE e a rede de influências entre as cidades, no atendimento aos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável, tendo o município de Cunha, no Estado de São Paulo, em posição central entre os demais municípios estudados. A vertente analisada encontra-se na transição entre o extenso Vale do Paraíba, situado entre duas metrópoles (São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro) e a baixada litorânea (Paraty e Ubatuba), tendo o município de Cunha em posição intermediária. A região estudada é drenada pelos rios Paraibuna, Paraitinga e seus afluentes que constituem fonte significativa de abastecimento de grandes cidades do sudeste brasileiro e oferece suas águas para irrigação, abastecimento, indústria e produção de energia hidroelétrica. Para análise do nexo AAE, os parâmetros da produção de alimento e o consumo de água e energia foram avaliados estatisticamente, com uso do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (cP). A análise considerou a produção agrícola e a relação com o consumo de água e energia, assim como a produção pesqueira frente aos referidos parâmetros, em escala de municípios. Dentre as an... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The water-food-energy (WFE) approach takes into account the interdependence of the use of these resources, which are essential for human well-being, and makes it possible to analyze the indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). In this interrelation, a systemic approach is required to understand how the interaction of each component works and is structured. In this thesis, the AAE nexus and the network of influences between cities were analyzed, in compliance with the Sustainable Development Goals, with the municipality of Cunha, in the State of São Paulo, in a central position among the other municipalities studied. The analyzed slope is found in the transition between the extensive Vale do Paraíba, located between two metropolises (São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro) and the coastal lowland (Paraty and Ubatuba), with the municipality of Cunha in an intermediate position. The studied region is drained by the Paraibuna, Paraitinga Rivers and their tributaries, which constitute a significant source of supply for large cities in southeastern Brazil and offers their waters for irrigation, supply, industry, and hydroelectric power. For analysis of the WFE nexus, the parameters of food production and the consumption of water and energy were evaluated, statistically with use of Pearson's correlation coefficient (cP). The analysis considered agricultural production and the relationship with water and energy consumption, as well as fishery production against these parameters, ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Lee, Zhi-Ying, and 李知穎. "Establish urban Food, Energy, Water, Labor and Capital nexus indicators." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4qe95w.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
106
Because of FAO''s consideration of social, environmental and economic issues, In addition to the core development in addition to FEW as a natural resource, more needs to socio-economic resources (ie labor and capital) basis, to achieve the three-level goal and an important factor in urban development. Assess the impact of various factors on urban management FEWLC nexus by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Find out more prominent indicators and analyze management differences from the perspective of Central, Local and Mainland government agencies, Provide follow-up verification by decision makers. The results are the main reason for the link environmental management and accounting for 38.8% overall, the difference between the other two levels 3.2%; fourteen indicators in seven overall weight to more than 75%. The experts of different institutions have the same views at the central and local levels at the three levels, Sort by Environment>Economy>Society. Mainland to Society>Environment> Economy, the latter two are only 4.7% worse. Due to different nationalities, values, etc., there are differences. The other three agencies identify the most important food and water. The economic point of view, central and local governments recognize that food, energy, water resources and funds are indispensable. In the Mainland, food, energy, labor and capital are the main factors that affect the economy. This is somewhat different from the overall. Shows that the central government has per capita animal protein consumption, reservoir annual deposition rate, the total agricultural industry, and the total employed population. Local consumption of animal protein per capita, leakage rate, and consumer price indicators In addition, the mainland mainly consists of the urban garden area, the average household water consumption per household, the total agricultural industry, and the total employed population. And the Mainland only tends to have the same weighted area at the three levels, In other words, the respondents have the same view on fourteen indicators tors at the three levels. Five of the seven indicators in the AHP results were significantly more consistent with Taipei City case validation analysis.
"Visualizing Network Structures in the Food, Energy, and Water Nexus." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53471.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Engineering 2019
(11189892), Val Zayden Schull. "Water integrity in the food-energy-water (FEW) nexus: solutions for water resources in a changing world." Thesis, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаThe Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus conceptualizes the interactions and tension between production and consumption of food, energy, and water. With increasing uncertainties due to climate change, there is a need to address these tensions within the nexus and better comprehend the existing interdependencies and tradeoffs. Water integrity – considering both water availability and quality – is of critical concern within the FEW nexus. Thus, it is important to develop robust decision-making strategies using a FEW nexus lens. This study focuses on addressing water integrity concerns through FEW nexus assessment using an agricultural watershed in northeastern Indiana, with predominantly corn-soybean rotations, as a pilot site. Historical and futuristic climate and hydrological data were used for hydrological modeling using SWAT to quantify water quantity, quality, and crop production. Scientific literature values for farm machinery fuel requirements and their carbon emissions were implemented to obtain values based on the implemented agronomic practices. Results of this study provide methodologies and information that can be implemented to evaluate water resources management, as well as inform policymaking for more sustainable agricultural management practices.
Sung, Ya-Wen, and 宋雅文. "Decoupling Indicators and Life Cycle Assessment of the Food, Energy and Water Nexus." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ryv6es.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
107
With booming economy and rising population, many resources are facing the problem of scarcity, and the demand of food increase year by year. Yet food production also consumes a lot of energy and has many impacts on human health, climate change, ecosystem quality and resources. According to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), global food production cost 30% of energy consumption and 70% of freshwater usage in the world. Because food, energy and water are essential for human, many researches about the nexus of these three things were wildly conducted in the recent years. However, most of the researches are mainly about building the evaluation of structure and pattern. And the researches based on food production are mostly focus on the evaluation and quantification of the FEW nexus of a single product supply chain. Only few researches discussed the diversification of food which suit the human requirement. Furthermore, the discussions of the FEW nexus are mainly focus on environment issues and neglect the influence of economy. As a result, these researches will only have limit assist for the decision making. The evaluation of this study meets the calorie demand (75.17%) and supply (57.30%) of the 13 food production supply chains in Taiwan. By using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and ISO 14046 Water Scaarcity Footprint evaluation, this study is able to quantify the potential impact to the environment, energy and water, and the relationship of FEW. Also, this study combines the Decoupling Indicator to discuss the relationship between the environment influence, resource usage and economic benefit. The results showed that the main contribution of environmental impact (per functional unit) are eggs (2.5 mPt), chicken (2.25 mPt) and pork (1.9 mPt). The main contribution of resources impact are eggs (0.16 mPt), chicken (0.15 mPt) and soybean (0.13 mPt). The main contribution of carbon footprint are chicken (6.47 kg CO2 eq), soybean oil (6.43 kg CO2 eq) and eggs (5.58 kg CO2 eq). The main contribution of water scarcity are chicken (28.45 m3), soybean oil (20.17 m3) and fish (18.54 m3). And the results of Decoupling Indicator analysis show that the food production of Taiwan from 2010 to 2015 are all relatively decoupling. In contrast, the food production of Taiwan in 2008, 2009 and 2016 is coupling. The hotspots of environmental impact are the production of pork, chicken and eggs. The hotspots of freshwater usage are chicken, fish, pork and rice. In conclusion, the analysis of this study shows the FEW nexus of food production, the relationship between FEW and economic benefit, and the hotspots of each impacts. These results will further help the decision making of sustainable food production.
Uen, Tinn-Shuan, and 温庭玄. "Using Multi-objective Reservoir Optimizationto Improve Synergistic Benefits of Water, Food and Energy Nexus." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36nf27.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
生物環境系統工程學研究所
105
In recent years, urbanization has significant impact on population growth and resource management of water, food and energy nexus (WFE nexus) in Taiwan. Resource deficit of WFE has become a long-term and thorny issue due to the complex interactions of WFE nexus. As the changes in the global environment, green energy, green environment, and other related concepts have become significant, but many countries still rely heavily on nuclear power. There are averagely 3 to 5 typhoons strike Taiwan every year accompanied by a large amount of rainfall which could be used as available water resource. However, without doing so the extremely large quantity of spilled water for merely flood control purpose has turned to serious waste of water resources. Therefore, in order to improve the synergistic benefits of water, food and energy nexus, we propose to took advantages of climatic conditions in Taiwan to enhance the hydropower efficiency while minimized the water shortage rate of long-term reservoir operation in the future by combining reservoir with water support systems. In the first part, we analyzed the annual inflows of the Shimen Reservoir in the past 20 years to analyze the most drought years. By setting up different amounts of initial reservoir storage and combining reservoir with water support systems, we simulated the long-term operation from October to next June under the official operation rules of the Shimen Reservoir (M-5 rule), and calculate the average water shortage rate (WSR) of every ten-day for both agricultural and public uses. The results show that the average WSR can be reduced up to 25%. In the second part, we maximized hydropower generation during typhoon season (July to September) while considering risks of future water supply through reservoir operations. We set three scenarios for initial water level (240, 235, 230 meters) and selected data from the past 11 years, including wet, general, and drought year, and applied Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) to search for the total amount of hydropower generation and the final reservoir storage. In addition, we compared the optimized operations with those constrained by the M-5 Rule. The results show that the optimized operations enhance hydropower generation greatly in wet year, the highest benefit from the hydropower is more than NT$ 170 million by optimized operation and still NT$ 150 million under the M-5 Rule. In general years, the highest benefit is NT$ 48.32 million with optimized operation and NT$ 25.68 million under the M-5 limit. In drought years, the optimized operation is same as M-5 rule operations. In the third part, we integrated the long-term reservoir operation simulation in the first part and the short-term operation during typhoon season in the second part into a full year operation, analyzing future water security based on the optimal hydropower operation. To explore the water shortage simulation after typhoon season operation, we selected the driest situation in the past 20 years. The results show that the average WSR in every ten-day can be improved up to 10.5% in a wet year and up to 14.2% in general year. However, the average WSR in a drought year is the same as the original operation. In the fourth part, we focused on the reservoir operation based on typhoon event, in order to maximize the hydropower generation before a typhoon strikes. We set up three scenarios for the upper limit of water discharge rate for hydropower (68.6, 90, and 120 cms), and selected 7 typhoon events for different peak inflows, searching for total hydropower generation and the final reservoir storage by NSGA-II with the hourly-based time-scale. The results show that it’s feasible to operate for full capacity hydropower and final reservoir storage when the peak inflow is higher than 2000 cms. The benefit for hydropower is up to NT$ 44.7 million. However, when the peak flow is about 1000 cms, the final reservoir storage decreases, and the minimum is 12.277 million tons. In conclusion, the operation strategy that combined the optimized operations during typhoon season with the long-term operation can not only enhance the effectiveness of hydropower but also reduce the WSR in a drought year. Furthermore, analysis of typhoon event operation strengthened the benefits of hydropower during one single typhoon event, and eventually ameliorate synergistic benefits of resources allocation among water, food, and energy nexus.
Lin, Wei, and 林暐. "Developing a Risk Assessment Methodology for Water – Energy – Food Nexus System: The Case of Kinmen City." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rd5hqc.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
105
Ever since the Summit of RIO 20+, water, energy and food had been recognized as three indispensable resources in the modern society. However, with the advance of technology, progress of economy, expansion of urban cities and growth of global population, demands of water, energy and food are dramatically increasing. From the conventional perspective, the risk analysis methods and adaptive strategies in terms of respective resource system concerning water, energy and food explore more on the issues associated with the resource itself; nevertheless, because of the interlinked relationships of these three resources, a resource-based adaptive strategy lacking of comprehensive consideration will cause severe influences on the other factors, further leading to a greater risk among the whole nexus of water, energy and food. Therefore, Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) proposed the first model of water, energy and food in the Bonn seminar of Germany in 2011, which mentioned that risk analysis on resources and selections of strategies, shouldn’t merely consider the interior security of one single resource but have a comprehensive analysis on the interlinkage. Analyzing security of resources based on nexus-model of water, energy and food allows researchers to have the best adaptive strategy. Also, this study constructed a urban-scaled model of regional water and nexus of food and energy (WEF Nexus) by quantifying aggregations of supplies and demands on resources, which was according to results from resource flow analysis of water, energy and food system. Also, scenario analysis was performed by following the historical data of the use of resources to explore the variations on resources demands. The method is able to assess the security benefits brought by the adaptations to the region. Using Kinmen as a case, this study built up a model of regional nexus of water, food and energy, and evaluated of the risks in resources. The study suggests suitable adaptations based on different conditions of water resources in the region. Therefore, the supply of water, energy, and food might be stable within nearly a decade. The result shows that the main resource problem in Kinmen is water due to lack of water reserves. Moreover, to manufacture Sorghum wine, factories in Kinmen overpumped groundwater. It also leads to the effect. To lower the risk caused by the water problem, the study analyzed various adjustments and found that the best solution includes water supply from Mainland China, waste water recycling and EDI, technology of desalination. However, because of geopolitical reasons, the study suggests to take waste water recycling and EDI desalination as the priority. Not only will it enable water resources to be supplied more securely and stably, but also it will not disturb the supplyof food and energy
Badjie, Muhammed, and 李文京. "Employing Systems Thinking Approach to Water-Food-Energy-Climate Nexus for Sustainable Agriculture- Case of The Gambia." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p7wj8x.
Повний текст джерела國立臺北科技大學
環境工程與管理研究所
106
Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather and Africa is considered most susceptible to climate change. Projections of the impact of climate change on food production indicate that about 2/3 of Africas agricultural land is predicted to be perished by 2025 due to reduced rainfall and decreasing yields of up to 50% in other Sub Saharan countries like the Gambia where more than 90% of crop production depends on rain-fed agriculture. Agriculture is the cornerstone of the Gambian economy, the main source of food and employment but only about 1% of the cultivated land uses irrigation. Thus, this high dependence on rain-fed agriculture on peculiar climatic conditions culminates into; poor agricultural performance, increasing food insecurity and unprecedented household income losses. Hence, there is a need to strengthen agriculture resilience while mitigating and adapting to climate change. However, agricultural sustainability cannot be achieved without sustainable water and energy supply especially in the face of climate change. Therefore, the goal of this study is to propose a Climate Resilient Framework for sustainable agriculture that will address food, energy and water sustainability while mitigating climate change in the Gambia. The methodology used in this research determines priority approaches to climate resilience and adaptation framework for sustainable agriculture in the Gambia. A proposed climate resilient framework consisting of 4 dimensions of the nexus components, 20 criteria and 52 indicators was validated and verified by 11 environmental experts in the Gambia using Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM). Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) was employed for prioritization of each dimension, criterion and indicator. The FAHP results indicate that, among the 4 dimensions of the water-food-energy-climate, water (0.276) is considered the highest priority area for climate resilience and adaptation followed by food (0.265), energy (0.242), and then Climate change (0.217) respectively. Based on the results of this study, water security should be the highest priority followed by food, energy and then climate change mitigation. Prioritizing approaches will help policy-makers to identify high priority intervention areas to promote agricultural resilience to climate change, enhance food and energy security as well as mitigating climate change in the Gambia.
Yuan, Kuang-Yu, and 袁光宇. "Optimization in food, energy and water nexus applying climate change scenario: a case study of bioenergy generated from residual biomass." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2uxgw6.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
106
Along with the continuously increasing demand for services, the problem of food, energy and water security is of raising significance. The nexus representing these three resources are interconnected with each other. Consequently, there is a need to develop an assessment framework and methodology considering the interrelationships. Crop cultivation usually accounts for large amounts of water consumption and land occupation. In addition, it also consumes many energy during the cultivation and raw materials production. Besides, a high degree of inefficiency in water use and energy inputs leads to additional environmental impact as well. In order to increase the efficiency of crops cultivation and reduce environmental burden, converting biomass from the agricultural residues into bioenergy is considered as a way to sustainable development. Nevertheless, the real benefit is still unclear due to different regional situation; the influence of climate change also causes the uncertainty on water availability. Due to these defects, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive assessment system considering environmental impacts. The objective of this study is to address an integrated optimization model that integrates life cycle assessment and climate change simulation. This optimization model is able to provide an environmental assessment for bioenergy production, and climate change simulation for irrigation water requirements estimation. The objective functions in the optimization model is to maximization the amount of environmental impact reduction under multiple constraints. The use of water resources, the demand for food supply and area of arable land are considered. The result indicates that the rice cultivation caused the most severe environmental impact comparing with corn and sugarcane cultivation. As for bioenergy, co-firing hard coal with bio-coal is of benefit on all four damage categories (i.e., human health, ecosystem quality, climate change and resources). Gasohol blended with corn stover-based cellulosic ethanol is of benefit among four categories as well while that blend with sugarcane bagasse-based cellulosic ethanol will cause more impact than corn stover-based ones. Considering the change on irrigation water availability, the optimal results indicates that the rice cultivation should be reduced to achieve water resources limit in some scenarios, and is supposed to increase within the limit of water resources. The corn and sugarcane cultivation in eastern region should be switch to southern region under all scenarios. This study provides decision makers an instruction to develop agriculture and energy strategies regarding both resource use efficiency and environmental impact.
Feng, Kuo-Lun, and 馮國倫. "Integrating Material Flow Analysis with Life Cycle Assessment to Analyze Environmental Impacts of Water-Energy-Food Nexus System in Taiwan." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/uqvj5j.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
107
As water, energy and food resource demands and interdependencies continue to increase, the WEF resource management strategies of a single problem-oriented thinking mode have been gradually replaced bythe nexus thinking mode attaching importance to the relationship between different resources. By this way, it is considered to avoid problem transfer and bring co-benefits. However, although the WEF Nexus concept has been widely accepted, most of the current literature on WEF Nexus only provides guidelines for resource management. There is no standard method for decision making. On account of complex relationship between WEF resources, if quantitative assessment tools are used to provide numerical result for the issue, decision makers can have better decision-making basis. This study intends to use quantitative assessment tools to analyze the correlation of environmental impacts between water, energy and food resources systems on large scales from the perspective of urban metabolism. This study integrates material flow analysis (MFA) with life cycle assessment (LCA) as the tool. MFA is used to clarify the process of water, energy and food from production to consumption to understand the role of various socio-economic sectors and WEF sectors. LCA is used to quantify environmental impact as an evaluation indicator. In the overall impact calculation, the two calculation methods of the WEF subsystem and the total system are distinguished. At the same time, in order to observe the influence of resource nexus relationship on the result, the nexus coefficient matrix established on the basis of the current scenario material flow analysis is used to locate the most influential process in the nexus system regarding environmental impact by a sensitivity analysis. Then, based on the current government''s management strategy for the future WEF resources, the nexus coefficient is adjusted as the future scenarios, and the multi-sector strategic scenario are compared with the single-sector strategic scenario. From the results of sensitivity analysis and scenarios analysis, the influences of changes in nexus relationships on the environment impactd of the different system is evaluated under the same resource requirements. By the current scenario MFA, it is found that water treatment, oil refining, steam and electricity symbiosis, thermoelectric power plant, irrigation, livestock, and aquaculture processes require WEF resources which are in the boundary. Among them, the water supply plant, the public power plant, the steam and electricity co-generation plant, and the refinery have bidirectional relationship with each other''s final products as needed, so the environmental impact is affected by each other. The midpoint indicators displayed ReCiPe methodology is applied to evaluate the environmental impact. From the current scenario environmental impact result of the total system, the public power contributes the most on seven impact categories such as climate change; the oil product contributes the most on fossil depletion ozone depletion, ionising radiation; the tap water contributes the most on metal depletion; the livestock products contributes the most on terrestrial ecotoxicity. Among them, the public power is the most demanded by the industrial sector; the tap water and the livestock products is the most demanded by residential sector; the oil product is the most demanded by the export. From the current scenario environmental impact result of the subsystem, excluding human toxicity, marine ecotoxicity, water depletion, and metal depletion, the energy system has a main contribution on the rest of the impact in the water system. By contrast, the main contribution of energy system impacts comes from itself, and only on water depletion, the water system is influential. When it come to the food system, ozone depletion, ionising radiation, and fossil depletion energy systems is influential. The sensitivity of the 16 nexus coefficients to the current scenario impact results is analyzed. It is found that the coefficient of water leakage is the first to influence the total, water and energy systems on climate change, water depletion and metal depletion. The future scenarios analysis shows that the water-energy bi-strategy scenario has more impact than the single-strategy scenario on terrestrial ecotoxicity and freshwater ecotoxicity; and more improvement on water depletion and metal depletion for total system. In contrast with total system, for water system, on seven impact categories such as climate change, the impact of the water resources development plan has slowed down under the non-nuclear home power generation structure, but it is still higher than the basic scenario. It is mainly necessary to improve the water energy nexus coefficient by itself. In conclusion, this study uses material flow analysis combined with life cycle assessment methods to convert a variety of products from resource quantities to environmental impact indicators as a unified comparison standard, and assess the environment impact relationship between WEF systems under different scenarios of water-energy technologies. Through this study, we improve the understanding of the metabolism of WEF nexus systems, with a view to promoting cross-sectoral synergy benefit.
Reihmer, Joel W. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Superhydrophobic Sands in Desert Agriculture." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/623472.
Повний текст джерелаAlberto, Filipe Alexandre Pires. "Desenvolvimento de indicadores compostos de eficiência de gestão de recursos hídricos em usos agrícolas." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/61688.
Повний текст джерелаAs alterações climáticas que se têm feito sentir nas últimas décadas, provocaram diversas alterações nos ecossistemas, que alterou o paradigma da gestão dos recursos hídricos. As necessidades de água para os consumos humanos são cada vez maiores, mas a disponibilidade não tem aumentado na mesma proporção. Sendo a água um recurso finito torna-se fundamental promover um uso eficiente e racional deste recurso. Para tal, é necessário aplicar indicadores de eficiência para avaliar o uso dos recursos hídricos. Para avaliar o uso dos recursos hídricos em sistemas agrícolas, no Concelho de Pinhel, na região da Beira Alta, em Portugal, usaram-se indicadores de eficiência compostos, através de um método denominado por Sefficiency. Este método apresenta vantagens em relação a outros, nomeadamente a universalidade de aplicação, o emprego de três escalas de análise (macro, meso e micro eficiências), com base em dois tipos de totais de água de um sistema: a entrada total e o consumo total. Estes indicadores consideram todos os fluxos de entrada e saída de água num sistema de gestão de recursos hídricos, incorporando um critério de utilidade, que é o produto de dois pesos, um referente à qualidade da água e outro ao benéfico uso da água. Nesta dissertação será analisada a eficiência em duas freguesias do concelho mencionado, bem como a relação entre estes dois sistemas, percebendo como o sistema mais a montante influenciará o que está mais a jusante. Para se tentou estudas como alterações no sistema (alteração de culturas, alteração de parâmetros energéticos, entre outros) poderão ser fatores de melhoria ou não. Apartir da analises destes fatores serão propostas ações de melhoria.
The climate change that has been felt in last decades, induced several changes in ecosystems, which changed the paradigm of water resources management. Water needed for human consumption are increasing, but availability has not increased in the same proportion. As water is a finite resource, it is fundamental to promote an efficient and rational use of this resource. To do this, it is necessary apply efficiency indicators to evaluate the use of water resources. In order to evaluate the use of water resources in agricultural systems, in the municipality of Pinhel, in the Beira Alta Region, in Portugal, it was used composed performance indicators, using a method called Sefficiency. This method has advantages over others, like the universality of application, the use of three scales of analysis (macro, meso and micro efficiencies), based on two types of a system water totals: total input and total consumption. These indicators consider all the inflows and outflows of water in a water resources management system, incorporating a utility criterion, which is the product of two weights, one referring to water quality and another to the beneficial use of water. This dissertation will analyze the efficiency in two villages of the region mentioned, as well as the relationship between these two systems, realizing how the upstream system will influence downstream system. For the purpose of studying how changes in the system (crop changes, energy parameters changes, among others) may be improvement factors or not. From the analysis of these factors will be proposed improvement actions.
Halbe, Johannes. "Governance of Transformations towards Sustainable Water, Food and Energy Supply Systems - Facilitating Sustainability Innovations through Multi-Level Learning Processes." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-2017022715609.
Повний текст джерелаAmbrósio, Sofia Alexandra Ramos. "Transdutor Termoelétrico na Recolha de Energia Térmica." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/9932.
Повний текст джерелаThe need to overcome the dependency of wireless sensors from batteries has been a technological, economic and environmental challenge. Namely, in water management and treatment systems. Particularly, today it is known the impact that water, energy and food have on each other since their relationship it is complex and intrinsic. This concept it is known as Nexus: food, water and energy. This dissertation seeks to respond to the technological challenges within the energy sector of wireless sensors. And insert this solution into the water sector searching ways to convert energy that is being dissipated, in the form of heat, into electrical energy. In order to implement this solution, a study is made on thermoelectric transducers, in particular the Peltier cell. This transducer allows to convert thermal energy into electrical energy. In order for the cell feed the microprocessor a PCB board is developed and therefore it is possible to raise and regulate the output voltage to the cell. Additionally, a prototype is developed that simulates real situations that make it possible to establish and collect a temperature gradient. Leading to being possible to generate electrical energy that feeds an electronic component.
Stein, Christian. "Water Ties: Towards a Relational Understanding of Water Governance Networks in Tanzania and Ethiopia." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-201907101711.
Повний текст джерелаHeitmann, Fabian. "Environmental System-of-Systems Engineering for integrated Nexus design - Developing participatory approaches to design decision making processes in complex human-nature-technology systems." Doctoral thesis, 2020. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-202011113679.
Повний текст джерелаRiera, Félix Sebastián. "Technical and Environmental Efficiency of Grapevine Production in Mendoza, Argentina." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E52F-6.
Повний текст джерела