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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Newtonian gravitational constant"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

Оновлено: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Newtonian gravitational constant"

UV, Satya Seshavatharam, and Lakshminarayana S. "Final unification with three gravitational constants associated with nuclear, electromagnetic and gravitational interactions." International Journal of Advanced Astronomy 4, no. 2 (November 17, 2016): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijaa.v4i2.6799.

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By introducing two large pseudo gravitational constants assumed to be associated with strong and electromagnetic interactions, we make an attempt to combine the old Abdus Salam’s ‘strong gravity’ concept with ‘Newtonian gravity’ and try to understand the constructional features of nuclei, atoms and neutron stars in a unified approach. From the known elementary atomic and nuclear physical constants, estimated magnitude of the Newtonian gravitational constant is (6.66 to 6.70) x10-11 m3/kg/sec2. Finally, by eliminating the proposed two pseudo gravitational constants, we inter-related the Newtonian gravitational constant, Fermi’s weak coupling constant and Strong coupling constant, in a generalized approach.

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UV, Satya Seshavatharam, and Lakshminarayana S. "To fit Fermi’s weak coupling constant with three gravitational constants." International Journal of Physical Research 6, no. 1 (December 28, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijpr.v6i1.8781.

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By considering three virtual gravitational constants assumed to be associated with gravitational, electromagnetic and strong interactions, Fermi’s weak coupling constant can be shown to be a natural manifestation of microscopic quantum gravity. As our approach is heuristic and completely different from the current methods of estimating the Newtonian gravitational constant, concerning the call of ‘Ideas lab 2016’ organized by NSF, we appeal for inclusion of this theoretical work as a project under the unification scheme. Estimated magnitudes of Fermi’s weak coupling constant and Newtonian gravitational constant are 1.44021X10(-62) J.m3 and 6.679856X10(-11) m3/kg/sec2 respectively.

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Ognean, Teodor. "Some considerations on the Newtonian gravitational constant G measurements." Physics Essays 32, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-32.3.292.

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Certain relationships between the Newtonian gravitational constant, the Planck constant, and the square of the fine structure constant, established by dimensional analysis, are presented. Here we show that, based on these relationships, a more exact value for the Newtonian gravitational constant G equal to 6.67409076 × 10−11 m3 kg−1 s−2 can be calculated. In this way, these relationships could be used as a nonconventional tool for establishing a G gravitational constant value very close to the real one. It is considered that the difference between this calculated value and the values provided by the most accurate measurements of this constant is very important, whereas such difference could reflect certain, subtle and unknown “links” existing between the natural phenomena. This article also highlights a very interesting relationship between the Newtonian gravitational constant G, the square of the fine structure constant (α−1)2, and the Planck constant h, having the following form: 2XG = π (10Xα/2Xh)2, where XG, 10Xα, and Xh are the normalized values (dimensionless) of these constants.

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Xue, Chao, Jian-Ping Liu, Qing Li, Jun-Fei Wu, Shan-Qing Yang, Qi Liu, Cheng-Gang Shao, Liang-Cheng Tu, Zhong-Kun Hu, and Jun Luo. "Precision measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant." National Science Review 7, no. 12 (July 22, 2020): 1803–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa165.

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Abstract The Newtonian gravitational constant G, which is one of the most important fundamental physical constants in nature, plays a significant role in the fields of theoretical physics, geophysics, astrophysics and astronomy. Although G was the first physical constant to be introduced in the history of science, it is considered to be one of the most difficult to measure accurately so far. Over the past two decades, eleven precision measurements of the gravitational constant have been performed, and the latest recommended value for G published by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) is (6.674 08 ± 0.000 31) × 10−11 m3 kg−1 s−2 with a relative uncertainty of 47 parts per million. This uncertainty is the smallest compared with previous CODATA recommended values of G; however, it remains a relatively large uncertainty among other fundamental physical constants. In this paper we briefly review the history of the G measurement, and introduce eleven values of G adopted in CODATA 2014 after 2000 and our latest two values published in 2018 using two independent methods.

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FALKENBERG, SVEN, and SERGEI D. ODINTSOV. "GAUGE DEPENDENCE OF THE EFFECTIVE AVERAGE ACTION IN EINSTEIN GRAVITY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 13, no. 04 (February 10, 1998): 607–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x98000263.

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We study the gauge dependence of the effective average action Γk and Newtonian gravitational constant using the RG equation for Γk. Then we truncate the space of action functionals to get a solution of this equation. We solve the truncated evolution equation for the Einstein gravity in the De Sitter background for a general gauge parameter α and obtain a system of equatons for the cosmological and Newtonian constants. Analyaing the running of the gravitational constant we find that the Newtonian constant depends strongly on the gauge parameter. This leads to the appearance of antiscreening and screening behavior of the quantum gravity. The resolution of the gauge dependence problem is suggested. For physical gauges like the Landau–DeWitt gauge the Newtonian constant shows an antiscreening.

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Seshavatharam, UVS, and S. Lakshminarayana. "Is Newtonian gravitational constant a quantized constant of microscopic quantum gravity?" International Journal of Advanced Astronomy 8, no. 2 (September 2, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijaa.v8i2.30976.

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Considering the Newtonian gravitational constant as a quantized constant of microscopic quantum gravity, an attempt is made to fit its value in a verifiable approach with reference to three large atomic gravitational constants pertaining to weak, strong and electromagnetic interactions linked with a quantum relation. Estimated value seems to be 865 ppm higher than the recommended value.

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Wood, Barry M. "Recommending a value for the Newtonian gravitational constant." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2026 (October 13, 2014): 20140029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0029.

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The primary objective of the CODATA Task Group on Fundamental Constants is ‘to periodically provide the scientific and technological communities with a self-consistent set of internationally recommended values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry based on all of the relevant data available at a given point in time’. I discuss why the availability of these recommended values is important and how it simplifies and improves science. I outline the process of determining the recommended values and introduce the principles that are used to deal with discrepant results. In particular, I discuss the specific challenges posed by the present situation of gravitational constant experimental results and how these principles were applied to the most recent 2010 recommended value. Finally, I speculate about what may be expected for the next recommended value of the gravitational constant scheduled for evaluation in 2014.

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Zumberge, Mark A., John A. Hildebrand, J. Mark Stevenson, Robert L. Parker, Alan D. Chave, Mark E. Ander, and Fred N. Spiess. "Submarine measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant." Physical Review Letters 67, no. 22 (November 25, 1991): 3051–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.67.3051.

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HSUI, A. T. "Borehole Measurement of the Newtonian Gravitational Constant." Science 237, no. 4817 (August 21, 1987): 881–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.237.4817.881.

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Milyukov, V. K., Chen Tao, and A. P. Mironov. "Problems of measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant." Gravitation and Cosmology 15, no. 1 (January 2009): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0202289309010162.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Newtonian gravitational constant"

Panjwani, Hasnain. "Development of a torsion balance facility and a search for temporal variations in the Newtonian gravitational constant." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3758/.

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The torsion balance is one of the key pieces of apparatus used in experimental searches for weak forces. In the search for an understanding of a Unified Theory, physicists have suggested a number of signatures that are detectable in laboratory measurements. This thesis describes the development of a new torsion balance facility, relocated from the BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) [1], which has excellent environmental stability and benefits from a new compact interferometric readout for measuring angular motion which has been characterised and installed onto the torsion balance. The interferometer has sensitivities of 5 \( \times\) 10\( {-11}\) radians\(\char{cmti10}{0x2f}\)\(\sqrt{Hz}\) between 10\( {-1}\) Hz and 10 Hz, an angular range of over \(\pm\)1\( \circ\) and significantly reduces sensitivity to ground tilt. With the new facility the first experiment searching for temporal variations in the Newtonian gravitational constant has been undertaken with a null result for \( \delta\)\(\char{cmti10}{0x47}\)\(\char{cmti10}{0x2f}\)\(\char{cmti10}{0x47}\)\(_0\) for both sidereal and half sidereal signals at magnitudes greater than 5\( \times\)10\( {-6}\). These results have been used to set an upper limit on some of the parameters within the Standard Model Extension framework [2]. The thesis also reports on the design and manufacture of prototype test masses with a high electron-spin density of approximately 10\( {24}\) and negligible external magnetic field \( \leq\) 10\( {-4}\)\(\char{cmr10}{0x54}\). These test masses can be used within the facility to potentially make it sensitive enough to conduct future spin-coupling experiments.

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Jain, Manan. "Development of a new apparatus for precision gravity measurements with atom interferometry." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1238409.

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The computational work in this doctoral thesis describes the virtual realization of an atom interferometry based gravity gradiometer aiming at an accurate determination of the Newtonian gravitational constant G. The experimental design and interferometric scheme is different from all the measurements published so far. This virtual realization aims on the cancellation of ambient gravity gradients from their exact - conjugate fictitiously generated gravity gradients from our scheme, therefore resulting in a relative accuracy of 10 raised to minus 6 using only 10000 atoms in each cloud. Precise simulations are developed meticulously incorporating all the aspects of interferometric scheme with well - characterized tungsten source masses measuring the phases accumulated by the atomic clouds traversing the path resulting from Mach - Zehnder gravimetric sequence in the presence and absence of the aluminium platform supporting the new configuration of source masses. One other possible source mass design made out of copper (assuming the geometrical configuration analogous to the aluminium platform) is also considered, so as to complete a comparative study of phase acquisition due to different designs of source masses arising from different total gravitational potentials and material densities. These precise simulations also target at achieving the phase noise minimization for the interferometric signal in presence of gravity, as a result to completely eliminate the presence of systematic errors. The simulation in this thesis incorporates a presence of a finite - sized solenoidal coil affecting only second half of the upper interferometer resulting in the opening of ellipse, henceforth the systematic errors which are faced while performing the elliptic fit will be completely eliminated. The gravity gradiometer as per the new design in the thesis is currently being built for the measurement runs of continuous data acquisition to be possible. The phase noise minimization condition for the modified experimental scheme has been performed and is reported in this thesis. Lastly, the gravity gradient cancellation for both the two source mass designs with a relative uncertainty of 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% have been performed and is reported in this thesis.

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Частини книг з теми "Newtonian gravitational constant"

Gillies, G. T. "Status of the Newtonian Gravitational Constant." In Gravitational Measurements, Fundamental Metrology and Constants, 191–214. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2955-5_12.

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Mostepanenko, V. M. "Constraints on Non-Newtonian Gravity from Recent Casimir Force Measurements." In The Gravitational Constant: Generalized Gravitational Theories and Experiments, 269–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2242-5_13.

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Gillies, G. T., and C. S. Unnikrishnan. "The Newtonian Gravitational Constant: Present Status and Directions for Future Research." In The Gravitational Constant: Generalized Gravitational Theories and Experiments, 149–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2242-5_7.

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Gillies, G. T., and C. S. Unnikrishnan. "Quantum Physics-Motivated Measurement and Interpretation of the Newtonian Gravitational Constant." In Advances in the Interplay Between Quantum and Gravity Physics, 123–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0347-6_7.

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Moffat, John W. "Alternative Gravitational Theories." In The Shadow of the Black Hole, 146–76. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190650728.003.0009.

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There have been many proposed modifications of gravitational theory, beginning with Einstein’s general relativity, modifying Newtonian gravity, and Weyl’s attempt at unifying gravity and electromagnetism. The standard model of cosmology, the Lambda CDM model, requires dark matter and dark energy to fit experimental data. There is a lack of direct evidence for dark matter and dark energy. An alternative theory called modified gravity (MOG) seeks to fit the observational data for the dynamics of galaxies and clusters of galaxies without dark matter. The MOG gravitational theory has a solution for a black hole that modifies the Schwarzschild and Kerr solutions, and can be tested using the data collected on supermassive black holes by the Event Horizon Telescope. There are many modified gravity theories proposed to explain the accelerating expansion of the universe, generally ascribed to dark energy. However, Einstein’s cosmological constant is the simplest explanation for the accelerating expansion.

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ARMSTRONG, T. R., and M. P. FITZGERALD. "MEASUREMENTS OF THE NEWTONIAN GRAVITATIONAL CONSTANT WITH THE MSL TORSION BALANCE." In The Ninth Marcel Grossmann Meeting, 1779–80. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812777386_0382.

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Manton, Nicholas, and Nicholas Mee. "Motions of Bodies—Newton’s Laws." In The Physical World. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795933.003.0003.

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Chapter 2 covers Newtonian dynamics, Newton’s law of gravitation and the motion of mutually gravitating bodies. The principle of least action is used to provide an alternative approach to Newton’s laws. Motion of several bodies is described. By analogy the same results are used to describe the motion of a single body in three dimensions. The equations of motion are solved for a harmonic oscillator potential. The general central potential is considered. The equations are solved for an attractive inverse square law force and shown to agree with Kepler’s laws of planetary motion. The Michell–Cavendish experiment to determine Newton’s gravitational constant is described. The centre of mass is defined and the motion of composite bodies described. The Kepler 2-body problem is solved and applied to binary stars. The positions of the five Lagrangian points are calculated. Energy conservation in mechanical systems is discussed, and friction and dissipation are considered.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Newtonian gravitational constant"

Rosi, G., G. D’Amico, G. M. Tino, L. Cacciapuoti, M. Prevedelli, and F. Sorrentino. "Precision Measurement of the Newtonian Gravitational Constant by Atom Interferometry." In XXII International Conference on Laser Spectroscopy (ICOLS2015). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813200616_0006.

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MILYUKOV, VADIM, and JUN LUO. "THE NEWTONIAN GRAVITATIONAL CONSTANT: MODERN STATUS AND PERSPECTIVE OF NEW DETERMINATION." In Proceedings of the MG11 Meeting on General Relativity. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812834300_0453.

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MILYUKOV, VADIM. "THE NEWTONIAN GRAVITATIONAL CONSTANT: THE HISTORY OF THE DETERMINATION AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE PROBLEM FOR THE EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT." In Proceedings of the Ninth Asia-Pacific International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814307673_0001.

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Nun˜ez, Oswaldo, and Armando J. Blanco. "A CFD Study of the Flow of a Power-Law Fluid in Annuli With Variable Eccentricity." In ASME 2006 2nd Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting Collocated With the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2006-98280.

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Some industrials processes are associated with flow of non-Newtonian fluids in annular spaces. Examples are found in oil industry and food industrial processing. In some cases, gravitational forces cause internal pipe deflection and, consequently, the eccentricity changes along of axis of the annular space. So, flow patterns are modified respect to those found in constant eccentricity annular spaces. Current industrial practice consists on extrapolate predictions based on flow patterns from the constant eccentricity critical scenario, corresponding to the critical region where both boundaries are closer, to the variable eccentricity actual scenario. In practice, using this approach, flow pattern predictions could significantly deviate from the actual profile, and variables such as shear stress at walls or pressure gradient could not be estimated with adequate accuracy. This work consists of a Computational Fluid Dynamics study, aimed to state the implications of evaluating flow patterns, assuming constant eccentricity, in opposition to a more realistic scenario, considering deflection path along the annular space, using a commercial code. A particular application is made to mud removal during well cementing operations in oil industry. For the casing in the hole, the deflection equation is solved and eccentricity along of the system axis is found. Flow of a non-Newtonian fluid described by Power Law model is considered. Oil industry typical conditions are considered for fluid density, rheological parameters, flow rates, casing and hole sizes, and annulus eccentricity. The flow regime was considered laminar. Numerical model capability to reproduce accurately flow patterns in these conditions was assured by comparison with others analytical-numerical solutions for concentric systems. Results show that local Reynolds number Re, shear stress τw and pressure gradient predictions G, under local eccentricity variations, differ from those under constant eccentricity. Differences in Re and τw show a maximum for eccentricity ranging from 60% to 80%, for all flow conditions whereas for G, this difference increases as casing deflection does it. When variable eccentricity models are compared to constant eccentricity one, the latter approach underestimates Re and τw along the narrowest section of the annuli, whereas overestimates the same features along the widest clearance. Additionally, considerably higher variations between these two models are taking place along the narrowest section compared to the variations arising on the widest annular section. When applied to well cementing processes, these results show that considering the most realistic scenario may impact significantly the flow pattern prediction on the annulus during primary cementing operations. Therefore, the quality of the cement job may be greatly compromised.

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Parks, Harold V., D. S. Robertson, Alan M. Pattee, and James E. Faller. "Suspended Fabry-Perot interferometer for determining the Newtonian constant of gravitation." In Photonics West 2001 - LASE, edited by John L. Hall and Jun Ye. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.424472.

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Parks, Harold, Hans Green, James Faller, and Douglas Robertson. "A Suspended Laser Interferometer Determination of the Newtonian Constant of Gravitation." In 2004 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpem.2004.305351.

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Faller, James E. "The measurement of the Newtonian constant of gravitation: One recent experiment and some general comments." In 2012 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpem.2012.6250877.

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