Готові списки джерел за темами / New Zealand waterways

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "New Zealand waterways"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 20 лютого 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "New Zealand waterways"

Scarsbrook, M. R., and A. R. Melland. "Dairying and water-quality issues in Australia and New Zealand." Animal Production Science 55, no. 7 (2015): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14878.

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The scale and intensity of dairy farming can place pressure on our freshwater resources. These pressures (e.g. excessive soil nutrient concentrations and nitrogen excretion) can lead to changes in the levels of contaminants in waterways, altering the state and potentially affecting the uses and values society ascribes to water. Resource management involves putting in place appropriate responses to address water-quality issues. In the present paper, we highlight trends in the scale and extent of dairying in Australia and New Zealand and describe water-quality pressures, state, impacts and responses that characterise the two countries. In Australia and New Zealand, dairy farming has become increasingly intensive over the past three decades, although the size of Australia’s dairy herd has remained fairly static, while New Zealand’s herd and associated excreted nitrogen loads have nearly doubled. In contrast, effluent management has been improved, and farm waterways fenced, in part to reduce pressure on freshwater. However, both countries show a range of indicators of degraded water-quality state. Phosphorus and nitrogen are the most common water-quality indicators to exceed levels beyond the expected natural range, although New Zealand also has a significant percentage of waterways with faecal contaminants beyond acceptable levels for contact recreation. In New Zealand, nitrate concentrations in waterways have increased, while phosphorus and suspended sediment concentrations have generally decreased over the past decade. Water quality in some coastal estuaries and embayments is of particular concern in Australia, whereas attention in New Zealand is on maintaining quality of high-value lakes, rivers and groundwater resources, as well as rehabilitating waterbodies where key values have been degraded. In both Australia and New Zealand, water-quality data are increasingly being collated and reported but in Australia long-term trends across waterbodies, and spatially comprehensive groundwater-quality data have not yet been reported at national levels. In New Zealand, coastal marine systems, and particularly harbours and estuaries, are poorly monitored, but there are long-term monitoring systems in place for rivers, groundwater and lakes. To minimise pressures on water quality, there is a high reliance on voluntary and incentivised practice change in Australia. In New Zealand, industry-led practice change has been important over the past decade, but regulated environmental limits for dairy farmers are increasing. Dairy industries in both countries have set targets for reducing pressures through sustainability frameworks and accords. To address future drivers such as climate change and increasing domestic and international market demand for sustainability credentials, definitions of values and appropriate targets for waterbodies draining agricultural landscapes will be required. Environmental limits (both natural and societal) will constrain future growth opportunities for dairying and research into continued growth within limits remains a priority in both countries.

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Tait, Andrew, and Richard Turner. "Generating Multiyear Gridded Daily Rainfall over New Zealand." Journal of Applied Meteorology 44, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 1315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam2279.1.

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Abstract Daily rainfall totals are a key input for hydrological models that are designed to simulate water and pollutant flow through both soil and waterways. Within New Zealand there are large areas and many river catchments where no long-term rainfall observations exist. A method for estimating daily rainfall over the whole of New Zealand on a 5-km grid is described and tested over a period from January 1985 to April 2002. Improvement over a spatial interpolation method was gained by scaling high-elevation rainfall estimates using simulated mesoscale model rainfall surfaces that are generated for short periods in 1994 and 1996. This method is judged to produce reasonable and useful estimates of daily rainfall.

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Vanneste, J. L., D. A. Cornish, J. Yu, R. J. Boyd, and C. E. Morris. "Isolation of copper and streptomycin resistant phytopathogenic Pseudomonas syringae from lakes and rivers in the central North Island of New Zealand." New Zealand Plant Protection 61 (August 1, 2008): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2008.61.6822.

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Plant pathogenic strains of Pseudomonas syringae were isolated from lakes and rivers in the central North Island of New Zealand These strains were identified by their ability to produce a fluorescent pigment on a modified Kings B medium by their ability to cause a hypersensitive reaction when infiltrated into tobacco plant and by the absence of a cytochrome c oxidase Different aspects of the protocol used to isolate these strains have been assessed Some of the strains isolated and in some cases the majority of them were resistant to copper and/or streptomycin Significantly these plant pathogenic bacteria were isolated from waterways in areas where no agriculture or horticulture is present and waterways used for crop irrigation These results suggest that natural waterways could be a source of inoculum of plant pathogenic bacteria and a source of genes that confer streptomycin resistance and/or copper resistance to these bacteria

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Lythberg, Billie, and Dan Hikuroa. "How Can We Know Wai-Horotiu—A Buried River? Cross-cultural Ethics and Civic Art." Environmental Ethics 42, no. 4 (2020): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics202042434.

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The complex interactions and ruptures between contemporary settler colonialism, environmental ethics, and Indigenous rights and worldviews often emerge in projects of civil engineering. The continued capture, control and burial of natural water courses in Aotearoa-New Zealand is a case in point, and exemplifies a failure to stay abreast of evolving understandings and renewed relationships we seek with our waterways, our ancestors. Wai-Horotiu stream used to run down what is now Queen Street, the main road in Auckland, Aotearoa-New Zealand’s largest city. Treasured by Māori as a source of wai (water) and mahinga kai (food), it is also the home of Horotiu, a taniwha or ancestral guardian—a literal ‘freshwater body’. However, as Tāmaki-Makaurau transitioned into Auckland city, Wai-Horotiu became denigrated; used as an open sewer by early settlers before being buried alive in the colonial process. How, now, can we know this buried waterway? Te Awa Tupua Act 2017 that affords the Whanganui River juristic personality and moral considerability offers one possible solution. It acknowledges that waterways, incorporating all their physical and metaphysical elements, exist in existential interlinks with Māori as part of their whakapapa (genealogical networks). This paper asks, can a corresponding and appropriate ethics of association and care be fostered in and expressed by the political descendants of British settlers (Pākehā) and later immigrants who live here under the auspices established by Te Tiriti o Waitangi in 1840? Here is a conversation between a Māori earth systems scientist and a Pākehā interdisciplinary scholar. Where Hikuroa speaks from and to direct whakapapa connections, beginning with pepeha, Lythberg’s narrative springboards from public art projects that facilitate more ways of knowing Wai-Horotiu. Together, we contend that a regard for Indigenous relationships with water can guide best practice for us all, and propose that creative practices can play a role in attaching people to place, and to waterways.

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Williamson, Michelle E., Philip E. Hulme, David A. Condor, and Hazel M. Chapman. "Local adaptation in a New Zealand invader, Mimulus guttatus." New Zealand Plant Protection 71 (August 1, 2018): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.217.

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The New Zealand flora comprises proportionately more alien species than anywhere else on Earth. Many of these species are ‘sleeper’ species, currently not invasive but with the potential to become so. Understanding what traits lead to sleepers becoming invasive is a key question in invasion biology. One hypothesis is local adaptation — that is, selection pressures in an alien habitat select for certain genetic traits favouring species spread. In New Zealand, the semi-aquatic herb Mimulus gutattus, ‘monkey flower’, is already showing signs of becoming invasive and is widespread across the South Island, blocking waterways and ditches. A common garden experiment was used to test for local adaptation in 37 populations of monkey flower from 8 regions across the North and South Islands of New Zealand. Possible adaptations in plant physiology (including, fresh vs dry weight, flower size, and photosynthetic rate) were examined. Observable differences include significant differences in biomass and leaf morphology. Results to date indicate significant genetic differences among New Zealand monkey flower populations. This is indicative of invasive potential.

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Collins, Kathryn E., Catherine M. Febria, Helen J. Warburton, Hayley S. Devlin, Kristy L. Hogsden, Brandon C. Goeller, Angus R. McIntosh, and Jon S. Harding. "Evaluating practical macrophyte control tools on small agricultural waterways in Canterbury, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 53, no. 2 (June 24, 2018): 182–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2018.1487454.

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Jellyman, D. J., G. J. Glova, and J. R. E. Sykes. "Movements and habitats of adult lamprey (Geotria australis)in two New Zealand waterways." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 36, no. 1 (March 2002): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2002.9517070.

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Wilcock, Robert, Sandy Elliott, Neale Hudson, Stephanie Parkyn, and John Quinn. "Climate change mitigation for agriculture: water quality benefits and costs." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 11 (December 1, 2008): 2093–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.906.

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New Zealand is unique in that half of its national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory derives from agriculture - predominantly as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), in a 2:1 ratio. The remaining GHG emissions predominantly comprise carbon dioxide (CO2) deriving from energy and industry sources. Proposed strategies to mitigate emissions of CH4 and N2O from pastoral agriculture in New Zealand are: (1) utilising extensive and riparian afforestation of pasture to achieve CO2 uptake (carbon sequestration); (2) management of nitrogen through budgeting and/or the use of nitrification inhibitors, and minimizing soil anoxia to reduce N2O emissions; and (3) utilisation of alternative waste treatment technologies to minimise emissions of CH4. These mitigation measures have associated co-benefits and co-costs (disadvantages) for rivers, streams and lakes because they affect land use, runoff loads, and receiving water and habitat quality. Extensive afforestation results in lower specific yields (exports) of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), suspended sediment (SS) and faecal matter and also has benefits for stream habitat quality by improving stream temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH regimes through greater shading, and the supply of woody debris and terrestrial food resources. Riparian afforestation does not achieve the same reductions in exports as extensive afforestation but can achieve reductions in concentrations of N, P, SS and faecal organisms. Extensive afforestation of pasture leads to reduced water yields and stream flows. Both afforestation measures produce intermittent disturbances to waterways during forestry operations (logging and thinning), resulting in sediment release from channel re-stabilisation and localised flooding, including formation of debris dams at culverts. Soil and fertiliser management benefits aquatic ecosystems by reducing N exports but the use of nitrification inhibitors, viz. dicyandiamide (DCD), to achieve this may under some circumstances impair wetland function to intercept and remove nitrate from drainage water, or even add to the overall N loading to waterways. DCD is water soluble and degrades rapidly in warm soil conditions. The recommended application rate of 10 kg DCD/ha corresponds to 6 kg N/ha and may be exceeded in warm climates. Of the N2O produced by agricultural systems, approximately 30% is emitted from indirect sources, which are waterways draining agriculture. It is important therefore to focus strategies for managing N inputs to agricultural systems generally to reduce inputs to wetlands and streams where these might be reduced to N2O. Waste management options include utilizing the CH4 resource produced in farm waste treatment ponds as a source of energy, with conversion to CO2 via combustion achieving a 21-fold reduction in GHG emissions. Both of these have co-benefits for waterways as a result of reduced loadings. A conceptual model derived showing the linkages between key land management practices for greenhouse gas mitigation and key waterway values and ecosystem attributes is derived to aid resource managers making decisions affecting waterways and atmospheric GHG emissions.

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Cochrane, T. A., D. Wicke, and A. O’Sullivan. "Developing a public information and engagement portal of urban waterways with real-time monitoring and modeling." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.043.

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Waterways can contribute to the beauty and livelihood of urban areas, but maintaining their hydro-ecosystem health is challenging because they are often recipients of contaminated water from stormwater runoff and other discharges. Public awareness of local waterways’ health and community impacts to these waterways is usually poor due to of lack of easily available information. To improve community awareness of water quality in urban waterways in New Zealand, a web portal was developed featuring a real-time waterways monitoring system, a public forum, historical data, interactive maps, contaminant modelling scenarios, mitigation recommendations, and a prototype contamination alert system. The monitoring system featured in the web portal is unique in the use of wireless mesh network technology, direct integration with online modelling, and a clear target of public engagement. The modelling aims to show the origin of contaminants within the local catchment and to help the community prioritize mitigation efforts to improve water quality in local waterways. The contamination alert system aims to keep managers and community members better informed and to provide a more timely response opportunity to avert any unplanned or accidental contamination of the waterways. Preliminary feedback has been positive and is being supported by local and regional authorities. The system was developed in a cost-effective manner providing a community focussed solution for quantifying and mitigating key contaminants in urban catchments and is applicable and transferable to other cities with similar stormwater challenges.

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Davis, Meredith, Anne C. Midwinter, Richard Cosgrove, and Russell G. Death. "Detecting genes associated with antimicrobial resistance and pathogen virulence in three New Zealand rivers." PeerJ 9 (December 3, 2021): e12440. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12440.

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The emergence of clinically significant antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria is frequently attributed to the use of antimicrobials in humans and livestock and is often found concurrently with human and animal pathogens. However, the incidence and natural drivers of antimicrobial resistance and pathogenic virulence in the environment, including waterways and ground water, are poorly understood. Freshwater monitoring for microbial pollution relies on culturing bacterial species indicative of faecal pollution, but detection of genes linked to antimicrobial resistance and/or those linked to virulence is a potentially superior alternative. We collected water and sediment samples in the autumn and spring from three rivers in Canterbury, New Zealand; sites were above and below reaches draining intensive dairy farming. Samples were tested for loci associated with the AMR-related group 1 CTX-M enzyme production (blaCTX-M) and Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC). The blaCTX-M locus was only detected during spring and was more prevalent downstream of intensive dairy farms. Loci associated with STEC were detected in both the autumn and spring, again predominantly downstream of intensive dairying. This cross-sectional study suggests that targeted testing of environmental DNA is a useful tool for monitoring waterways. Further studies are now needed to extend our observations across seasons and to examine the relationship between the presence of these genetic elements and the incidence of disease in humans.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "New Zealand waterways"

Ritchie, Helen, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture. "Beyond the fences : co-ordinating individual action in rural resource management through Landcare : a case study of managing non-point source discharges to water in Waikato, New Zealand." THESIS_FEMA_ARD_Ritchie_H.xml, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/437.

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This study addresses the central problem of how the behaviour of individuals may be co-ordinated to manage collective natural resources, and in particular, to what degree this can be achieved through voluntary, community based means under a free market policy regime. This question was explored by researching how local groups known as Landcare, or Care groups, are managing waterways in Waikato, New Zealand, and specifically by examining their effectiveness in controlling non-point source contaminants to water originating from agricultural land.An action research approach was used to investigate research questions regarding what motivates actors to support activity to enhance water quality, the effectiveness of such activity in addressing non-point source discharges to water, and the equity issues which are associated with environmental management through Landcare. This study suggests that neo-liberal philosophies of governance, while favouring voluntary resource management, disregard the conditions which, in practice, underpin effective and equitable examples of this type of activity. A call is therefore made for a more active role for government, in directly supporting local action, in compensating for the impacts of free-market policies on natural resource use, and in facilitating the representation of the diversity of views in environmental management. Action research, participatory planning, and other learning based and communicative processes could be usefully employed to guide and inform such interventions
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Ritchie, Helen. "Beyond the fences : co-ordinating individual action in rural resource management through Landcare : a case study of managing non-point source discharges to water in Waikato, New Zealand." Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/437.

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Ritchie, Helen. "Beyond the fences : co-ordinating individual action in rural resource management through Landcare : a case study of managing non-point source discharges to water in Waikato, New Zealand /." View thesis View thesis, 1998. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030507.163239/index.html.

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Книги з теми "New Zealand waterways"

New Zealand. Ministry for the Environment. Managing waterways on farms: A guide to sustainable water and riparian management in rural New Zealand. Wellington, N.Z: Ministry for the Environment, 2001.

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Environment, New Zealand Ministry for the. Managing waterways on farms: A guide to sustainable water and riparian management in rural New Zealand. Wellington, N.Z: Ministry for the Environment, 2000.

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Tipa, Gail. A cultural health index for streams and waterways: Indicators for recognising and expressing Māori values : report prepared for the Ministry for the Environment. Wellington, N.Z: Ministry for the Environment, 2003.

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Частини книг з теми "New Zealand waterways"

Parsons, Meg, Karen Fisher, and Roa Petra Crease. "Transforming River Governance: The Co-Governance Arrangements in the Waikato and Waipaˉ Rivers." In Decolonising Blue Spaces in the Anthropocene, 283–323. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61071-5_7.

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AbstractAround the world, many societies are trying to create and apply apparatuses that recognise Indigenous interests in freshwater systems. Such policies and strategies often acknowledge Indigenous peoples’ rights and values they attached to specific waterways, and take the form of new legal agreements which are directed at reconciling diverse worldviews, values, and ways of life within particular environments. In this chapter we review one such arrangement: the co-governance arrangements between the Māori iwi (tribe) Ngāti Maniapoto and the New Zealand (Government) to co-govern and co-manage the Waipā River. We analysis where the new governance arrangements are enabling Ngāti Maniapoto to achieve environmental justice and find substantive faults most notably distributive inequities, lack of participatory parity, and inadequate recognition of Māori governance approaches.

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Parsons, Meg, Karen Fisher, and Roa Petra Crease. "Introduction." In Decolonising Blue Spaces in the Anthropocene, 1–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61071-5_1.

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AbstractFreshwater is essential to the health and wellbeing of both human and ecological communities. In Aotearoa New Zealand, the freshwater systems are affected by ongoing degradation directly connected to human activities over the last two centuries. Recently scholars have begun to question the efficacy of established management approaches, the extent to which current land-use practices are to blame and whether continued environmental decline in our waterways is inevitable. The continued degradation of freshwater systems under conventional management approaches necessitates a rethinking of how freshwater systems are governed, managed, and restored. In this introductory chapter we explore the origins of the freshwater crisis (a manifestation of multiple environmental injustices) within a single freshwater system: the Waipā River (Te Waipā o Awa).

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Trotter, David. "Giving the Sign." In The Literature of Connection, 133–60. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850472.003.0006.

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This chapter extends the emphasis on signal and interface developed in Chapters 1 and 2 to the work of a writer usually positioned between colonial, anti-colonial, and decolonized perspectives. Mansfield’s interest in methods of telecommunication crystallized in stories about modern urban (mostly London) middle-class existence. But it did not diminish when she began in the final years of her life to draw increasingly on memories of her childhood and youth in New Zealand. Detailed analysis of the narrative structure of some of her best-known stories shows how signalling practices act as the catalyst for expressions of gendered and sexual identity. The late Auckland-set ‘The Stranger’ is compared to James Joyce’s ‘The Dead’. The chapter begins with an account of turn-of-the-century views of Englishness; and concludes with a discussion of Waterway (1938), by the Australian novelist Eleanor Dark.

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