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Статті в журналах з теми "New Zealand lichens"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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1

Greenfield, L. G. "Decomposition studies on New Zealand and antarctic lichens." Lichenologist 25, no. 1 (January 1993): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1993.1014.

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AbstractThe decomposition of ground, dead (oven-dried) lichens has been studied in laboratory experiments that aimed to simulate decomposition in nature. Enzymes, common in soil animal guts and soil microbes, solubilized 29% of the lichen weight and 25% of lichen nitrogen. Approximately 9% of lichen nitrogen was mobilized to mineral forms during 97 days' incubation in soil or sand. Low moisture levels reduced the amount of nitrogen mobilized. In short-term (30 days) incubation studies, lichens at optimum moisture but low temperature lost 9% of their initial dry weight due to microbial metabolism. In contrast, lichens incubated for 30 and 135 days at similar moisture levels but higher temperatures lost 19% and 30% respectively of their initial dry weight due to microbial metabolism.

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2

Ryan, Bruce D., W. M. Malcolm, and D. J. Galloway. "New Zealand Lichens." Bryologist 101, no. 1 (1998): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3244094.

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3

Greenfield, L. G. "Nitrogen Analyses of New Zealand and Antarctic Lichens." Lichenologist 24, no. 4 (October 1992): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282992000495.

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AbstractThe results of nitrogen (N) analyses of 14 New Zealand and 23 Antarctic lichens are reported. Eight percent of the total lichen N occurs in the form of amino sugars, 5° as nucleic acids and 80° as proteins and amino acids. It is concluded that when lichens decompose they may represent a good N resource that may be important in ecosystems.

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4

Gowan, Sharon P., and D. J. Galloway. "Flora of New Zealand Lichens." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 113, no. 1 (January 1986): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2996245.

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5

Brako, Lois, and D. J. Galloway. "Flora of New Zealand Lichens." Brittonia 38, no. 3 (July 1986): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2807340.

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6

Almborn, O., and D. J. Galloway. "Flora of New Zealand Lichens." Taxon 35, no. 4 (November 1986): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1221698.

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7

Egan, Robert S., and D. J. Galloway. "Checklist of New Zealand Lichens." Bryologist 96, no. 1 (1993): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3243338.

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8

Weber, William A., and D. J. Galloway. "Flora of New Zealand, Lichens." Bryologist 93, no. 3 (1990): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3243536.

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9

Rogers, R. W. "Flora of New Zealand: Lichens." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 15, no. 3 (September 1985): 340–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03036758.1985.10416838.

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10

Hayward, Bruce W., and Glenys C. Hayward. "Flora of New Zealand Lichens." New Zealand Journal of Botany 23, no. 3 (July 1985): 499–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.1985.10425351.

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11

Malcolm, William M., and Antonín Vězda. "New foliicolous lichens from New Zealand 3." Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 31, no. 2 (June 1996): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02812069.

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12

Malcolm, William M., and Antonín Vězda. "New foliicolous lichens from New Zealand 2." Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 30, no. 3 (September 1995): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02803713.

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13

Malcolm, William M., and Antonín Vězda. "New foliicolous lichens from New Zealand 1." Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 30, no. 1 (March 1995): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02813223.

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14

Benitez, Gladys N., Glenn D. Aguilar, and Dan Blanchon. "Spatial Distribution of Lichens in Metrosideros excelsa in Northern New Zealand Urban Forests." Diversity 13, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13040170.

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The spatial distribution of corticolous lichens on the iconic New Zealand pōhutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa) tree was investigated from a survey of urban parks and forests across the city of Auckland in the North Island of New Zealand. Lichens were identified from ten randomly selected trees at 20 sampling sites, with 10 sites classified as coastal and another 10 as inland sites. Lichen data were correlated with distance from sea, distance from major roads, distance from native forests, mean tree DBH (diameter at breast height) and the seven-year average of measured NO2 over the area. A total of 33 lichen species were found with coastal sites harboring significantly higher average lichen species per tree as well as higher site species richness. We found mild hotspots in two sites for average lichen species per tree and another two separate sites for species richness, with all hotspots at the coast. A positive correlation between lichen species richness and DBH was found. Sites in coastal locations were more similar to each other in terms of lichen community composition than they were to adjacent inland sites and some species were only found at coastal sites. The average number of lichen species per tree was negatively correlated with distance from the coast, suggesting that the characteristic lichen flora found on pōhutukawa may be reliant on coastal microclimates. There were no correlations with distance from major roads, and a slight positive correlation between NO2 levels and average lichen species per tree.

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15

de Lange, PJ, DJ Galloway, DJ Blanchon, A. Knight, JR Rolfe, GM Crowcroft, and R. Hitchmough. "Conservation status of New Zealand lichens." New Zealand Journal of Botany 50, no. 3 (September 2012): 303–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.2012.691426.

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16

Schmid, Rudolf, W. M. Malcolm, and D. J. Galloway. "New Zealand Lichens: Checklist, Key, and Glossary." Taxon 47, no. 1 (February 1998): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1224061.

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17

Walker, John R. L., and Elizabeth A. Lintott. "A phytochemical register of New Zealand lichens." New Zealand Journal of Botany 35, no. 3 (September 1997): 369–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.1997.10410162.

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18

Galloway, David John. "Contributions to a history of New Zealand lichenology 5*. James Murray (1923–1961)." Phytotaxa 198, no. 1 (February 20, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.198.1.1.

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James Murray (1923–1961), an organic chemist by profession, was also New Zealand’s first modern lichenologist. Having a wide knowledge of New Zealand plants, and a very competent grasp of post-war natural product chemistry, he was well qualified to take up lichens at a period when chemosystematics was just becoming important in the group. His early published work was to influence the emerging field of lichen bioactive compounds, and 50 years later, generic concepts in the Lobariaceae. Murray’s joint careers in organic chemistry and lichenology were tragically cut short by his early accidental death; his legacy being a handful of papers and an extensive lichen herbarium (now at OTA). However, James Murray’s example and influence have resonated much more widely than these concrete accomplishments. To enable his contributions to be properly appreciated, the present biographical memoir outlines his life, work and legacy to modern lichenology. The genus Yarrumia D.J.Galloway is described in Murray’s honour and two new combinations are made: Y. colensoi (C.Bab.) D.J.Galloway and Y. coronata (Müll.Arg.) D.J.Galloway.

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19

J⊘rgensen, P. M. "Studies in the lichen family Pannariaceae VIII. Seven new parmelielloid lichens from New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Botany 37, no. 2 (June 1999): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.1999.9512632.

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20

Czeczuga, B., and F. J. Taylor. "Investigations on carotenoids in lichens XXVIII carotenoids of some New Zealand lichens." New Zealand Journal of Botany 29, no. 1 (January 1991): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.1991.10415538.

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21

Greenfield, L. G. "Decomposition studies on New Zealand and Antarctic lichens." Lichenologist 25, no. 01 (January 1993): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282993000088.

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22

Elix, J. A., and J. Johnston. "New species of Praparmelia (Lichenised Ascomycotina) from Australia and New Zealand." Brunonia 9, no. 2 (1986): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bru9860139.

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Eleven new species of Paraparmelia lichens are described from Australia: Paraparmelia arida, P. atrocapnodes, P. colensoica, P. gregaria, P. hypoconstictica, P. pinguiacida, P. rugulosa, P. saginata, P. subalpina, P. subspodochroa and P. subtropica. One of these species, P. atrocapnodes, has also been found in New Guinea.

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23

Perry, Nigel B., Michael H. Benn, Nerida J. Brennan, Elaine J. Burgess, Gill Ellis, David J. Galloway, Stephen D. Lorimer, and Raymond S. Tangney. "Antimicrobial, Antiviral and Cytotoxic Activity of New Zealand Lichens." Lichenologist 31, no. 06 (November 1999): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002428299900081x.

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24

Perry, Nigel B., Michael H. Benn, Nerida J. Brennan, Elaine J. Burgess, Gill Ellis, David J. Galloway, Stephen D. Lorimer, and Raymond S. Tangney. "Antimicrobial, Antiviral and Cytotoxic Activity of New Zealand Lichens." Lichenologist 31, no. 6 (November 1999): 627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1999.0241.

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AbstractA total of 69 species of lichens have been collected from various locations around New Zealand. Screening of extracts of these species for antimicrobial, antiviral and cytotoxic activity showed a high proportion with biological activity. Active extracts were generally from species known to contain phenolic compounds. Bioactivity-directed isolation work on Cladia retipora, Pseudocyphellaria glabra and P. homoeophylla led to the identification of usnic acid as the main antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antiviral component in these three species.

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25

Hayward, Bruce W., Glenys C. Hayward, and David J. Galloway. "Lichens of Great Barrier and adjacent islands, northern New Zealand." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 16, no. 2 (June 1986): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03036758.1986.10418173.

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26

Green, T. G. A., B. Büdel, A. Meyer, H. Zellner, and O. L. Lange. "Temperate rainforest lichens in New Zealand: Light response of photosynthesis." New Zealand Journal of Botany 35, no. 4 (December 1997): 493–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.1987.10410173.

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27

Navrotskaya, I. L., S. Y. Kondratyuk, S. P. Wasser, E. Nevo, and S. D. Zelenko. "LICHENS AND LICHENICOLOUS FUNGI NEW FOR ISRAEL AND OTHER COUNTRIES." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 44, no. 2-3 (May 13, 1996): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1996.10676646.

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Thirteen lichen species (Arthopyrenia punctiformis, Bactrospora patellarioides, Caloplaca saxicola, C. ulcerosa, Lempholemma chalazanellum, Lichenothelia scopularia, Maronea constans, Micarea nitschkeana, Opegrapha rufescens, O. vulgata var. subsiderella, Physcia caesia, Schismatomma pericleum, and Thelenella modesta), one nonlichenized ascomycetes (Peridiothelia fuliguncta), and 5 species of lichenicolous fungi (Arthonia molendoi, Endococcus parietinarius, Guignardia Olivieri, Opegrapha physciaria, and Zwackhiomyces coepulonus) are recorded as new for Israel. Lichenochora wasseri S.Kondr. sp. nov. from Caloplaca species from Israel and Sweden is described. Lichenochora xanthoriae is reported for the first time from Austria for Europe as well as from Auckland Islands, New Zealand, for the Southern Hemisphere. Seven taxa mentioned (Caloplaca ulcerosa, Endococcus parietinarius, Guignardia olivieri, Micarea nitschkeana, Opegrapha physciaria, Peridiothelia fuliguncta, Zwackhiomyces coepulonus) are reported here for the first time for Asia as well. Guignardia Olivieri is first reported here from some European countries (Finland, Russia, Ireland, Germany, Portugal, Italy, Ukraine), and Zwackhiomyces coepulonus from North America and Africa as well. Synonyms, references to a modern description, ecological peculiarities, locations and dates of collection in Israel, general distribution, as well as taxonomical remarks regarding the foregoing lichens and lichenicolous fungi species are given.

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28

Galloway, D. J. "The extra-European lichen collections of Archibald Menzies MD. FLS (1754–1842)." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 52, no. 2 (July 1995): 95–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428600000937.

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Two hundred years after their gathering, the pioneering lichen collections made by Archibald Menzies between 1784 and 1802 during his career as a naval surgeon are recorded and discussed. The bulk of Menzies's lichens come from three major collection periods: the Halifax Station (Nova Scotia) of 1784–1786; his time as surgeon to James Colnett on the circumnavigation of thePrince of Wales(1786–1789); and his extensive tour as naturalist to Vancouver'sDiscoveryexpedition (1791–1795). Menzies's extra-European lichen collections were the most extensive ever made during the 18th century and contain many first discoveries and type collections: (1) Nova Scotia, 16 taxa in 11 genera, 1 type; (2) Staten Island, 32 taxa in 19 genera, 5 types; (3) west coast of North America, 83 taxa in 45 genera, 11 types; (4) Sumatra, 10 taxa in 7 genera; (5) Cape of Good Hope, 30 taxa in 23 genera; (6) New Zealand, 14 taxa in 6 genera; (7) Tahiti, 5 taxa in 4 genera; (8) Hawaii, 25 taxa in 13 genera; (9) St Helena, 10 taxa in 8 genera. Major repositories of Menzies lichens are the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, the Linnean Society of London (James Edward Smith herbarium) and the Natural History Museum, London.

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29

Ruoss, E., and T. Ahti. "Systematics of Some Reindeer Lichens (Cladonia Subg. Cladina) in the Southern Hemisphere." Lichenologist 21, no. 1 (January 1989): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282989000058.

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AbstractCladonia arbuscula subsp. squarrosa (Wallr.) Ruoss and C. stygia (Fr.) Ruoss are reported for the first time from the Southern Hemisphere. Populations of C. arbuscula in New Zealand and Australia are recognized as subsp. stictica Ruoss, subsp. nov., usually containing stictic acid, norstictic acid (first report in subg. Cladina), and sometimes also the fumarprotocetraric acid complex. C. laevigata (Vainio) Gyelnik is reinstated in Cladonia subg. Cladina sect. Tenues, while C. stygia is considered to belong to sect. Crustaceae rather than to sect. Tenues. C. confusa R. Sant. is morphologically highly variable, although chemically uniform, usually containing usnic acid and perlatolic acid. An usnic acid-deficient chemodeme is reported as new to New Zealand.

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30

LUMBSCH, H. Thorsten, Pradeep K. DIVAKAR, Marìa Inés MESSUTI, Armin MANGOLD, and Robert LÜCKING. "A survey of thelotremoid lichens (Ascomycota: Ostropales) in subantarctic regions excluding Tasmania." Lichenologist 42, no. 2 (January 29, 2010): 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002428290999048x.

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AbstractThelotremoid lichens (Ostropales, Ascomycota) with a trentepohlioid photobiont in Tierra del Fuego, the Falkland Islands, the South Island of New Zealand, and subpolar islands of the southern Hemisphere are studied. Twenty-five species are accepted, with three species described as new to science: Melanotopelia blepharostoma Lumbsch & Divakar, Topeliopsis athallina Lumbsch & Mangold and Topeliopsis patagonica Mangold & Lumbsch. The new combination Topeliopsis novae-zelandiae (Szatala) Lumbsch & Mangold is proposed.

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31

ELVEBAKK, Arve, Janne FRITT-RASMUSSEN, and John A. ELIX. "The New Zealand lichen Pannaria leproloma (Nyl.) P. M. Jørg. and its panaustral relative P. farinosa nom. nov." Lichenologist 39, no. 4 (July 2007): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282907006913.

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Abstract:Pannaria leproloma is shown to be a New Zealand endemic, and is characterized by coarse isidiomorphs/isidia, a high frequency of apothecia and the presence of two cytotoxic scabrosin esters, previously unknown from Pannariaceae, and present in 40 of the samples studied. It is not a member of the Pannaria sphinctrina group, as previously thought. It has frequently been confused with a related, finely sorediate, very sparingly fertile species, which lacks scabrosin esters in more than 99 of the specimens studied. This latter species is widely distributed both in southern South America (where it is one of the most common corticolous lichens), south-eastern areas of Australia and in New Zealand. It was originally described as Psoroma isidiosum, but had to be renamed when transferred to Pannaria, and is here named Pannaria farinosa.

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32

RANFT, Hannah, Bibiana MONCADA, Peter J. DE LANGE, H. Thorsten LUMBSCH, and Robert LÜCKING. "TheSticta filixmorphodeme (Ascomycota:Lobariaceae) in New Zealand with the newly recognized speciesS. dendroidesandS. menziesii: indicators of forest health in a threatened island biota?" Lichenologist 50, no. 2 (March 2018): 185–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282917000706.

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AbstractWe present a phylogenetic revision of theSticta filixmorphodeme in New Zealand. This non-monophyletic group of early diverging clades in the genusStictais characterized by a stalked thallus with a green primary photobiont and the frequent formation of a dendriscocauloid cyanomorph. Traditionally, three species have been distinguished in New Zealand:S. filix(Sw.) Nyl.,S. lacera(Hook. f. & Taylor) Müll. Arg. andS. latifronsA. Rich., with two cyanomorphs separated under the namesDendriscocaulon dendriothamnodesDughi ex D. J. Galloway (traditionally associated withS. latifrons) andD. dendroides(Nyl.) R. Sant. ex H. Magn. (traditionally associated withS. filix).Sticta lacerawas not included in the present study due to the lack of authentic material (all specimens originally identified under that name and sequenced clustered withS. filix);S. filixwas confirmed as a distinct species whereasS. latifronss. lat. was shown to represent two unrelated species,S. latifronss. str. and the reinstatedS. menziesiiHook. f. & Taylor. The cyanomorphs ofS. filixandS. latifronsare not conspecific with the types of the namesD. dendriothamnodesandD. dendroides, respectively; theD. dendriothamnodescyanomorph belongs to the Australian taxonSticta stipitataC. Knight ex F. Wilson, which is not present in New Zealand, whereas theD. dendroidescyanomorph corresponds to a previously unrecognized species with unknown chloromorph, recombined here asSticta dendroides(Nyl.) Moncada, Lücking & de Lange. Thus, instead of three species (S. filix,S. lacera,S. latifrons) with their corresponding cyanomorphs, five species are now distinguished in this guild in New Zealand:S. dendroides(cyanomorph only),S. filix(chloro- and cyanomorph),S. lacera(chloromorph only),S. latifrons(chloro- and cyanomorph) andS. menziesii(chloro- and cyanomorph). A key is presented for identification of the chloromorphs and the dendriscocauloid cyanomorphs of all species. Semi-quantitative analysis suggests that species in this guild are good indicators of intact forest ecosystems in New Zealand and that the two newly recognized species,S. dendroidesandS. menziesii, appear to perform particularly well in this respect. The use of lichens as bioindicators of environmental health is not yet established in New Zealand and so, based on our results, we make the case to develop this approach more thoroughly.

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33

Lücking, Robert. "Takhtajan's floristic regions and foliicolous lichen biogeography: a compatibility analysis." Lichenologist 35, no. 1 (January 2003): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.2002.0430.

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AbstractTakhtajan's floristic regions of the world, based on vascular plant distribution, were used for a comparative analysis of foliicolous lichen biogeography. Of the 35 regions distinguished by that author, 23 feature foliicolous lichens. The South-East African, Fijian, Polynesian and Hawaiian regions lack sufficient information and were excluded from further analysis. Using multi-dimensional scaling and cluster and cladistic analyses, the remaining 19 regions were grouped into six lichenogeographical regions: (1) Neotropics, (2) African Paleotropics (including Madagascar, Réunion and Seychelles), (3) Eastern Paleotropics (including North-East Australia and New Caledonia), (4) Valdivian region (temperate rainforest in southern South America), (5) Tethyan region (subtropical areas of Macaronesia, Mediterranean, and Western Irano-Turanian) and (6) Neozealandic-Tasmanian region (temperate rainforests of New Zealand and Tasmania). Affinities between these six large scale regions, with 57–77% shared species, are still stronger than those between the 35 smaller scale regions denned by Takhtajan [(20−)40–60(−75)% shared species]. Based on presence/absence within each of the six regions, 22 potential distribution patterns were defined for foliicolous lichens. Many species are widely distributed; 21% are cosmopolitan or pantropical, while 19% are disjunct on at least two continents, and only 60% are restricted to one of the three major tropical areas (nearly 100% in vascular plants). Most of the latter are found in the Neotropics, while the African Paleotropics are poor in endemics. Most genera deviate significantly from overall distribution patterns; for example, Strigula and Calopadia have higher proportions of widely distributed species, while Porina displays a concentration of Eastern Paleotropical endemics. Species diversity and composition of the six regions indicate that the three extra-tropical foliicolous lichen biotas (Valdivian, Tethyan, Neozealandic-Tasmanian) are the result of partly separate evolutionary histories. On the other hand, there is a strong affinity between the Neotropics and the African Paleotropics, suggesting a shared Western Gondwanan element in the foliicolous lichen biotas of these two regions.

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34

Lange, O. L., B. B�del, U. Heber, A. Meyer, H. Zellner, and T. G. A. Green. "Temperate rainforest lichens in New Zealand: high thallus water content can severely limit photosynthetic CO2 exchange." Oecologia 95, no. 3 (September 1993): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00320981.

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35

Prasad, Manisha, Luzie M. H. Schmid, Andrew J. Marshall, Dan J. Blanchon, Matthew A. M. Renner, Yumiko Baba, Mahajabeen Padamsee, and Peter J. de Lange. "Ecological communities of Aotearoa / New Zealand species threatened by myrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii (G. Winter) Beenken): The flora and mycobiota of the endemic genus Lophomyrtus Burret." Perspectives in Biosecurity, no. 1 (December 5, 2022): 34–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/pibs.00703.

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The invasive rust Austropuccinia psidii, responsible for myrtle rust disease, poses a serious threat to the New Zealand Myrtaceae. Since the 2017 detection of Austropuccinia psidii in Aotearoa / New Zealand, the rust has spread rapidly, resulting in the decline and death of a range of indigenous Myrtaceae, most notably the two species of the endemic genus Lophomyrtus, ramarama (L. bullata) and rōhutu (L. obcordata). While the threat Austropuccinia psidii poses to Lophomyrtus is now widely recognised, the indirect impact the rust has on the associated biota is poorly understood. Very little has been documented about the biota found in association with Lophomyrtus. To rectify this, we undertook a survey of the specimens held in three of the key Aotearoa / New Zealand herbaria that had been collected from Lophomyrtus. This was supplemented by field work in eight sites in western Te Ika a Maui / North Island, and north-western Te Wai Pounamu / South Island of Aotearoa / New Zealand. Although the herbarium searches located few specimens, and field work was limited to a few sample points within the range of Lophomyrtus, we found 221 taxa associated with Lophomyrtus, 176 taxa on ramarama, 81 on rōhutu and one on the naturally occurring hybrid between these two species Lophomyrtus ×ralphii. Of the 176 taxa found on ramarama, 59 are bryophytes (one hornwort, 33 liverworts and 25 mosses), five pteridophytes, 16 spermatophytes and 96 are lichenised mycobiota. Rōhutu supported 81 taxa: comprising one cyanobacterium, one alga, twenty-nine bryophytes (17 liverworts and 12 mosses), four pteridophytes, two spermatophytes and 44 lichenised mycobiota. Wild populations of Lophomyrtus ×ralphii were not investigated, and herbarium searches only disclosed one plant, the mistletoe Korthalsella lindsayi, associated with it. Several lichens and liverworts collected from Lophomyrtus represent potentially new species, and Lepra erythrella is a new addition to the lichenised mycobiota of Aotearoa / New Zealand. None of the putative new species are endemic to Lophomyrtus.

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36

Reynolds, Christy L., Orhan A. H. Er, Linton Winder, and Dan J. Blanchon. "Distribution and community composition of lichens on mature mangroves (Avicennia marina subsp. australasica (Walp.) J.Everett) in New Zealand." PLOS ONE 12, no. 6 (June 30, 2017): e0180525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180525.

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37

Elvebakk, Arve, and John A. Elix. "A trio of endemic New Zealand lichens: Pannaria aotearoana and P. gallowayi, new species with a new chemo-syndrome, and their relationship with P. xanthomelana." Nova Hedwigia 105, no. 1 (August 1, 2017): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2016/0385.

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Kantvilas, G. "Flora of New Zealand Lichens. By David J. Galloway. Wellington: P.D. Hasselberg, New Zealand Government Printer. 28 03 1985. pp. lxxiii + 662, figures 8 (colour). ISBN 0 477 012663. Price NZ$39.95." Lichenologist 18, no. 3 (July 1986): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282986000415.

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39

Natho, G. "Galloway, D. J., Flora of New Zealand. Lichens. LXXIV + 662 S., 8 Farbtaf., 4 Karten. P. D. Hasselberg, Government Printer, Wellington/New Zealand. ISBN Nr. 0–447–01266–3. Preis: Leinen 39,95 NZS." Feddes Repertorium 97, no. 11-12 (December 1986): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.4910971120.

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40

MOUND, LAURENCE A., and DESLEY J. TREE. "Species of Lissothrips and Williamsiella from mosses and lichens in Australia and New Zealand (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae)." Zootaxa 3946, no. 3 (April 10, 2015): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3946.3.4.

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41

de Lange, Peter J., Andrew J. Marshall, Luzie M. H. Schmid, and Sharen Graham. "The biota and geology of Ngārango Otainui: A mixed indigenous / naturalised vegetation association of the Māngere Inlet, Manukau Harbour." Perspectives in Biosecurity, no. 1 (December 5, 2022): 5–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/pibs.00702.

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An account of the geology, vegetation associations, mycobiota, flora and avifauna of Ngārango Otainui, a 0.309 ha island located at the eastern end of the Māngere Inlet, Manukau Harbour, Tāmaki Makaurau / Auckland is provided. This appears to be the first comprehensive account of the island’s geology, vegetation and biota. The island has been mapped by others as Puketoka Formation; our survey confirmed this, noting that the basal exposed portion of the island appears to be a distal, heavily weathered ignimbrite over which is deposited a series of tephras (Hamilton Ashes). The flora and mycobiota of the island, assessed over three visits (2009 and 2021) recorded 125 taxa from 57 families and 100 genera from Ngārango Otainui, and vouchers for 119 (95%) of these obtained. Fifty-two (54%) of the vascular plants and four (36%) of the bryophytes are naturalised to New Zealand and most of these dominate the island’s vegetation. Earliest imagery (1940) available suggests that the island was then dominated by grassland, and that since then the island has developed a woody vegetation dominated by naturalised plants, mostly from dispersal from nearby Auckland City urban sources. Fourteen of these plants are regarded as pest species within the Auckland Council Region. During two visits (January and November 2021) 14 species of bird were noted on or around the island. While no nationally threatened taxa were found, one plant, Bromus arenarius, five lichens and three birds seen are listed as ‘At Risk’ by threat listing panels using the New Zealand Threat Classification System. Nine vegetation associations (and sparsely vegetated landforms) were recognised. These are described in this paper and their extent given and mapped. Since aerial imagery became available for the island, 55% of the island has been lost through erosion, which is ongoing.

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42

Galloway, David J. "Notes on the lichen genus Leptogium (Collemataceae, Ascomycota) in New Zealand." Nova Hedwigia 69, no. 3-4 (November 1, 1999): 317–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/nova.hedwigia/69/1999/317.

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43

Kantvilas, Gintaras. "New Zealand Lichens. Checklist, Key, and Glossary. By W. M. Malcolm and D. J. Galloway Wellington: Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. 1997. Pp. 192, numerous colour and black and white figures. ISBN 0 909010 40 4. Price NZ$39.95." Lichenologist 30, no. 01 (January 1998): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282998000073.

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44

Kantvilas, Gintaras. "New Zealand Lichens. Checklist, Key, and Glossary. By W. M. Malcolm and D. J. Galloway Wellington: Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. 1997. Pp. 192, numerous colour and black and white figures. ISBN 0 909010 40 4. Price NZ$39.95." Lichenologist 30, no. 1 (January 1998): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1997.0122.

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45

Elix, JA, and P. Child. "A new species of Chondropsis (Lichenised Ascomycotina) from Australia and New Zealand." Brunonia 9, no. 1 (1986): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bru9860113.

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46

Hawksworth, David L. "Flora of New Zealand – Lichens. By David J. Galloway. 2007. Revised 2nd edn. Lincoln, New Zealand: Manaaki Whenua Press, Landcare Research, PO Box 40, Lincoln (www.landcare.co.nz/services/, mwpress@LandcareResearch.co.nz). 2 vols. Pp. cxxx + 2261, 16 colour plates. ISBN 10: 0-478-09376-4, 13: 987-0-478-09376-6. Price: NZ $79.99." Lichenologist 41, no. 1 (January 2009): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282909009177.

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Rogers, R. W., and J. K. Bartlett. "The Lichen Genus Haematomma in New Zealand." Lichenologist 18, no. 3 (July 1986): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282986000312.

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AbstractFive species of the lichen genus Haematomma Massal. s.l. (Ascomycotina, Lecanoraceae s.l.) are reported for New Zealand. Two new species H. alpinum and H. saxicola are described, and H. sorediatum is reported from New Zealand for the first time. Two other species, H. babingtonii, and H. hilare, are also reported. All five species appear to belong to the H. puniceutn group. Pseudoplacodiolic acid is reported in the genus Haematomma for the first time.

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48

KANTVILAS, Gintaras, and Brian J. COPPINS. "Studies on Micarea in Australasia II. A synopsis of the genus in Tasmania, with the description of ten new species." Lichenologist 51, no. 5 (September 2019): 431–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282919000343.

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AbstractThirty-five species of Micarea are recorded for Tasmania. Ten are described as new to science: M. ceracea Coppins & Kantvilas (also known from Victoria and New South Wales), characterized by a thallus containing perlatolic and didymic acids, pallid apothecia and 3(–4)-septate ascospores, 10–21 × 3·5–6 µm; M. cinereopallida Coppins & Kantvilas (also known from Chile), with a granular to coralloid, goniocyst-like thallus containing superlatolic acid, pallid to piebald apothecia and (0–)1-septate ascospores, 8–15 × 2·5–5 µm; M. micromelaena Kantvilas & Coppins, similar to the widespread M. melaena but with markedly smaller, 0–1-septate ascospores, 8–12·5 × 2·5–4 µm; M. oreina Kantvilas & Coppins, characterized by a thallus of globose areoles containing gyrophoric acid, black, subglobose apothecia, and 1-septate ascospores, 11–16·5 × 4·5–6·5 µm; M. pallida Coppins & Kantvilas, similar to M. ceracea but distinguished by the presence of porphyrilic acid and relatively small, 3-septate ascospores, 9·5–15 × 2·5–4 µm; M. prasinastra Coppins & Kantvilas (also known from New Zealand), a member of the M. prasina group with a finely granular-sorediose thallus containing gyrophoric acid, unpigmented apothecia and (0–)1-septate ascospores, 7–11·5 × 1·8–3·5 µm; M. rubiginosa Coppins & Kantvilas (also known from Chile), likewise allied to M. prasina but with apothecia containing Rubella-orange pigment and ascospores 0–1-septate, 9·5–17 × 3·5–5·5 µm; M. sandyana Kantvilas, related to M. ternaria (Nyl.) Vĕzda but differing by smaller ascospores, 7–13·5 × 3·5–6 µm; M. saxicola Coppins & Kantvilas, characterized by a relatively thick, grey-brown, areolate thallus, convex, black apothecia and 0(–1)-septate ascospores, 7–18 × 4·5–7 µm; and M. tubaeformis Coppins & Kantvilas, related to M. flagellispora and with filiform ascospores, 45–100 × 1–2 µm, but differing by containing 2′-O-methylperlatolic acid and having funnel-shaped pycnidia. Ten species of Micarea are reported for Tasmania for the first time: M. almbornii Coppins, M. argopsinosa P. M. McCarthy & Elix, M. byssacea (Th. Fr.) Czarnota et al., M. contexta Hedl., M. farinosa Coppins & Aptroot, M. humilis P. M. McCarthy & Elix, M. incrassata Hedl., M. myriocarpa V. Wirth & Vězda ex Coppins, M. nowakii Czarnota & Coppins and M. pseudocoppinsii Brand et al. Also recorded for the first time for Victoria are M. alabastrites (Nyl.) Coppins and M. cinerea (Schaer.) Hedl. A key to Micarea-like lichens in Tasmania, which includes Micarea itself as well as Brianaria, Psilolechia and Leimonis, is presented. Leimonis erratica (Körb.) R. C. Harris & Lendemer and Brianaria tuberculata (Sommerf.) S. Ekman & M. Svensson are recorded for Tasmania for the first time.

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49

Wedin, Mats. "The Genus Calycidium Stirt." Lichenologist 34, no. 1 (January 2002): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.2001.0372.

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AbstractThe lichen genus Calycidium Stirt. (Calycidiaceae, Lecanorales, ‘Caliciales’ s. lat.) contains two species: C. cuneatum Stirt., distributed in Australia (Tasmania) and New Zealand, and C. polycarpum (Colenso) Wedin, comb, nov., distributed in Argentina, Australia (Tasmania), Chile and New Zealand. The morphology, chemistry, ecology and distribution of the two species is discussed, as is the taxonomic position of the genus. Calycidium is reported as new to Argentina.

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50

Galloway, D. J. "Studies on the Lichen Genus Sticta (Schreber) Ach. IV. New Zealand Species." Lichenologist 29, no. 2 (March 1997): 105–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1996.0066.

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AbstractThirteen species of the lichen genus Sticta (Schreber) Ach., are recognized in the New Zealand flora viz.: S. babingtonii, S. caliginosa, S. colinii sp. nov., S. cinereoglauca, S. filix, S. fuliginosa, S. lacera, S. latifrons, S. limbata, S. martinii, S. squamata, S. subcaperata and S. sublimbata. A key to species, synonymy and typification, descriptions of all taxa, biogeographical affinities and distribution maps are presented. Sticta livida is excluded from the New Zealand flora.

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