Увійти

Готові списки джерел за темами / New York City. Finance Department / Статті в журналах

Статті в журналах з теми "New York City. Finance Department"

Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: New York City. Finance Department.

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 27 липня 2024

Оновлено: 28 липня 2024

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями

Оберіть тип джерела:

Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "New York City. Finance Department".

Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.

Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.

Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.

1

Rivera Rodas, Elizabeth Iris. "Separate and Unequal – Title I and Teacher Quality." education policy analysis archives 27 (February 18, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.27.4233.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Research has shown that Title I’s “comparability” provision causes gaps in noncategorical per pupil teacher funding. Using a unique dataset that merges 2009-2010 New York City (NYC) Department of Education value-added scores, school finance data, and school demographic data, this study not only confirms that NYC Title I elementary schools received less noncategorical per pupil teacher funding than non-Title I elementary schools, but these schools also had lower quality teachers. This paper provides the first evidence of a negative relationship between noncategorical per pupil teacher funding and the percentage of below average teachers even when controlling for certain school demographics. If Title I elementary public schools in New York City have lower quality teachers, then the students that are served by these schools are not receiving the same quality of education as their peers. Changing the comparability provision in Title I funding would result in more equitable funding.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

2

Perales, Patricia. "Development of Proposed Myrtle-Wyckoff Intermodal Facility." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1571, no. 1 (January 1997): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1571-15.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The Myrtle-Wyckoff Intermodal Facility proposal is presented, its planning process is discussed, and recommendations for future partnerships between New York City Transit (NYCT) and the New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) are given. The planning of this intermodal project was affected by three factors: the planning is a joint effort of two public organizations, it is being formulated for a transportation system that has few intermodal facilities, and it is being developed during austere capital budget cuts. The partnership developed because the intermodal facility will be partially financed with federal Congestion Mitigation Air Quality (CMAQ) funds. NYCDOT was awarded the CMAQ funds, and NYCT will own and operate the facility. Second, because NYCT was conceptualized in the 19th century by private companies, the transportation systems are not integrated because of the physical infrastructure and unparallel service plans. In the past decade, NYCT has taken a variety of initiatives to coordinate and integrate the services. Creation of intermodal facilities is one of the goals of the NYCT 1995–1999 Strategic Business Plan. The project is a good capital investment. However, organizational priorities and funding constraints prevented it from being included in the proposed capital program. Capital projects evolve in four phases: concept consideration, adoption of concept, implementation, and operation. The development of the project from the consideration phase to the adoption phase is presented. The conclusion will list recommendations for future planning partnerships between NYCT and NYCDOT.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

3

Ertan, Tuğçe, and Hamit Gokay Meric. "An Evaluation of the Nature of Public Spaces in the Private Realm over the Examples of Privately Owned Public Spaces in NYC." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3, no. 1 (January 21, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v3i1.7-14.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The designing and implementation of public spaces have a crucial role in the development of cities. A city’s success is generally based on the quality of its public spaces and it is a fact that public space is an elementary aspect of urban life. Moreover, one mandatory standard for big cities to function well is there to be a welcoming public space, where a number of urban activities can take place. According to the general notion, parks, streets, city squares, sidewalks, etc. can be included in public spaces. In addition to these, some indoor spaces such as below ground stories, plaza entrances and places like waterfronts or elevated structures with new functions have been considered as public space nowadays. In order to create, design and finance public spaces, sometimes private organizations and public governmental bodies cooperate. However, a game changer in the public and private realm was the 1961 zoning program of New York City Department of City Planning. This program gave permission to private developers build more floor space than they were allowed in exchange for supplying public spaces. As a result of this act, privately owned public spaces (POPS) were created blurring the definition of public space. Today there are more than five hundred POPS in NYC including indoor and outdoor spaces. This study will try to provide an analysis and general view of POPS as public spaces questioning the issues about their use, control and ownership. The criteria of successful urban design for public spaces and the role of governmental authorities in regulating and planning the public spaces will be discussed along with the boundaries and scope of public activities that can take place in public spaces. Finally, the question of whether the ownership of public space by private harms the concept of public space and the rights of citizens will be approached via different perspectives. After looking at the conceptual definitions of public space in literature and analyzing specific examples of POPS, this paper will attempt to come up with a functioning definition of public space in the private realm.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

4

Ertan, Tuğçe, and Hamit Gokay Meric. "An Evaluation of the Nature of Public Spaces in the Private Realm over the Examples of Privately Owned Public Spaces in NYC." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3, no. 1 (January 21, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v3i1.p7-14.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The designing and implementation of public spaces have a crucial role in the development of cities. A city’s success is generally based on the quality of its public spaces and it is a fact that public space is an elementary aspect of urban life. Moreover, one mandatory standard for big cities to function well is there to be a welcoming public space, where a number of urban activities can take place. According to the general notion, parks, streets, city squares, sidewalks, etc. can be included in public spaces. In addition to these, some indoor spaces such as below ground stories, plaza entrances and places like waterfronts or elevated structures with new functions have been considered as public space nowadays. In order to create, design and finance public spaces, sometimes private organizations and public governmental bodies cooperate. However, a game changer in the public and private realm was the 1961 zoning program of New York City Department of City Planning. This program gave permission to private developers build more floor space than they were allowed in exchange for supplying public spaces. As a result of this act, privately owned public spaces (POPS) were created blurring the definition of public space. Today there are more than five hundred POPS in NYC including indoor and outdoor spaces. This study will try to provide an analysis and general view of POPS as public spaces questioning the issues about their use, control and ownership. The criteria of successful urban design for public spaces and the role of governmental authorities in regulating and planning the public spaces will be discussed along with the boundaries and scope of public activities that can take place in public spaces. Finally, the question of whether the ownership of public space by private harms the concept of public space and the rights of citizens will be approached via different perspectives. After looking at the conceptual definitions of public space in literature and analyzing specific examples of POPS, this paper will attempt to come up with a functioning definition of public space in the private realm.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

5

Ertan, Tuğçe, and Hamit Gokay Meric. "An Evaluation of the Nature of Public Spaces in the Private Realm over the Examples of Privately Owned Public Spaces in NYC." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 7, no. 1 (January 21, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v7i1.p7-14.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The designing and implementation of public spaces have a crucial role in the development of cities. A city’s success is generally based on the quality of its public spaces and it is a fact that public space is an elementary aspect of urban life. Moreover, one mandatory standard for big cities to function well is there to be a welcoming public space, where a number of urban activities can take place. According to the general notion, parks, streets, city squares, sidewalks, etc. can be included in public spaces. In addition to these, some indoor spaces such as below ground stories, plaza entrances and places like waterfronts or elevated structures with new functions have been considered as public space nowadays. In order to create, design and finance public spaces, sometimes private organizations and public governmental bodies cooperate. However, a game changer in the public and private realm was the 1961 zoning program of New York City Department of City Planning. This program gave permission to private developers build more floor space than they were allowed in exchange for supplying public spaces. As a result of this act, privately owned public spaces (POPS) were created blurring the definition of public space. Today there are more than five hundred POPS in NYC including indoor and outdoor spaces. This study will try to provide an analysis and general view of POPS as public spaces questioning the issues about their use, control and ownership. The criteria of successful urban design for public spaces and the role of governmental authorities in regulating and planning the public spaces will be discussed along with the boundaries and scope of public activities that can take place in public spaces. Finally, the question of whether the ownership of public space by private harms the concept of public space and the rights of citizens will be approached via different perspectives. After looking at the conceptual definitions of public space in literature and analyzing specific examples of POPS, this paper will attempt to come up with a functioning definition of public space in the private realm.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

6

Sulistiawati, Sulistiawati, Yaya Sukjaya Kusumah, Jarnawi Afgani Dahlan, Dadang Juandi, and Hans Vos. "A Bibliometric Analysis: Trend of Studies in Self-Regulated Learning Over The Past Three Decades." Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE) 5, no. 2 (May 31, 2023): 178–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/ijolae.v5i2.21381.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Many studies measure self-regulated learning in some fields but still a few studies in the education field or related fields. This study aimed to analyze performance analysis and science mapping related to the research trend in self-regulated learning over the past three decades. Therefore, it was conducted using the bibliometric analysis method on 2106 documents related to self-regulated learning published in the period 1990-2022 from the Scopus database. Those documents are limited in the final stage, English, journal source type, and article document type. The chosen subject areas were art and humanities, psychology, and social sciences which have a relation with the education field. The data analysis process was assisted by Publish or Perish and VOSviewer software to examine the publication and citation-related metric, publication, and citation trend analysis, citation analysis, co-authorship analysis, and co-word analysis. The results of this study are the trend and development of research regarding self-regulated learning over the past three decades presented that: 1) the publication-and-related metric in this study showed that there were 2,106 papers related to self-regulated learning which distributed in range 1990-2022 that has 20,752 citations and the h-index value is lower than g-index value, 2) the publication-and-citation trend analysis showed relatively fluctuative in periods and constant in particular year, 3) the citation analysis showed that the most influential document is written by B. J. Zimmerman in 2008 that has been cited around 1664 times, 4) the author who has collaborated the most with other authors is Järvelä, S., 5) the United Stated is the most productive and influential country who make studies in self-regulated learning, 6) the most productive organization is University of Oulu, Finland and the the most influential organization is the Department of Educational Psychology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, and 7) the ‘self-regulated learning’ keyword has the most occurrence amount 1766 times. These findings provide an overview of the evolution of self-regulated learning research papers during the last three decades. This study examines a period of time that was longer than previous studies. As a consequence, its resulting contribution is also larger, providing an overview of the field's evolution over the last 30 years and providing other researchers with a comprehensive resource for performing self-regulated learning research.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

7

McDonough, Ryan P., Paul J. Miranti, and Michael P. Schoderbek. "The Search for Order in Municipal Administration: Herman A. Metz and the New York City Experience, 1898–1909." Accounting Historians Journal 47, no. 1 (February 5, 2020): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/aahj-18-019.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

ABSTRACT This paper examines the administrative and accounting reforms coordinated by Herman A. Metz around the turn of the 20th century in New York City. Reform efforts were motivated by deficiencies in administering New York City's finances, including a lack of internal control over monetary resources and operational activities, and opaque financial reports. The activities of Comptroller Metz, who collaborated with institutions such as the New York Bureau of Municipal Research, were paramount in initiating and implementing the administrative and accounting reforms in the city, which contributed to reform efforts across the country. Metz promoted the adoption of functional cost classifications for city departments, developed flowcharts for improved transaction processing, strengthened internal controls, and published the 1909 Manual of Accounting and Business Procedure of the City of New York, which laid the groundwork for transparent financial reports capable of providing vital information about the city's activities and subsidiary units. JEL Classifications: H72, M41, N91. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

8

Silber, Steven, Neill Oster, Bonnie Simmons, and Christopher Garrett. "Y2K, Emergency Department Preparedness in New York City." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 15, S2 (September 2000): S89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00032088.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

9

Alpert, Joel E. "NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN-CITY BIOSOLIDS USE PROGRAM." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2003, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864703790898837.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

10

Martínez, Pamela D’Andrea. "Education as Advocacy: The Foundations of Support for Immigrant Youth." Journal of Multilingual Education Research 11 (November 30, 2021): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/jmer.2021.v11.134-143.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This article is a review of the following video series: Kleyn, T. (2019). Supporting immigrants in schools. The City College of New York and the New York State Education Department. https://www.cunyiie.org/videos Kleyn, T. (Ed.). (2019). Supporting immigrants in schools: Resource Guide. The City College of New York and New York State Education Department. 54p. Available as download from https://cuny-iie.org/ .

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

11

Diaz-Barrios, Vivien. "New York's Experience." Pediatrics 83, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 872–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.83.5.872.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In 1964, the New York State Public Health Law, §2500a, set the stage for mandatory newborn screening. By 1978, testing was already under way when the last of the total of eight diseases was added. Screening for homozygous sickle cell disease was included in 1975. Specimens submitted from 1975 to 1984 totaled nearly 2.5 million, and these specimens were sent to four different laboratories in New York state. New York City, with the largest population of newborns, sent the largest proportion of specimens (1.1 million). Although testing was occurring, it was not until 1979 that citywide follow-up was established. Follow-up efforts were coordinated through the New York City Department of Health in cooperation with 52 hospitals. Of these hospitals, 25 received New York state funding for the provision of genetic services, which included testing and counseling for parents of children whose test results were positive for trait or disease. A cooperative effort was set up between the New York City Department of Health and health providers, who agreed to provide follow-up for newborns with all hemoglobinopathies at their respective hospitals. In cases of sickle cell disease, efforts were made to obtain second specimens from affected infants. In cases in which this was difficult, New York City Department of Health aids visited the home and obtained the specimen, counseled the parents, and arranged for further follow-up. Other cooperative efforts occurred when various genetic or sickle cell centers came together and organized committees. Two major committees, the Sickle Cell Advisory Committee, and its executive arm, the Implementation Committee, in which all providers of genetic services throughout the state are represented, met to discuss statewide problems, to identify needs, and to formulate policy.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

12

Snow, Louisa. "Suicide Prevention within New York City Department of Corrections Facilities." British Journal of Forensic Practice 2, no. 1 (March 2000): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636646200000007.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

13

Gelberg, Kitty H. "Health Study of New York City Department of Sanitation Landfill Employees." Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 39, no. 11 (November 1997): 1103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199711000-00011.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

14

Sugarman, Barry. "Organizational Learning and Reform at the New York City Police Department." Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 46, no. 2 (May 4, 2010): 157–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021886310369088.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

15

Malik, Ayaz H. "Seismic Hazard Study for New York City Area Bridges." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1696, no. 1 (January 2000): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-67.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In the early 1990s, site-specific studies were conducted to evaluate the seismic hazard for four New York City area transportation construction projects. The rock motions developed as a result of the four independent site-specific studies reflected wide disparities in the ground motions for the city area. An expert panel was assigned the task of developing rock motions for the New York City area that can be applied uniformly for the design of new structures and retrofitting of existing structures. Summarized are the findings and the resulting changes to the New York State Department of Transportation requirement for evaluating ground motions in the city area, namely, importance classification, performance criteria, two-level seismic hazards, and site amplification factors.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

16

Chronopoulos, Themis. "The Lindsay Administration and the Sanitation Crisis of New York City, 1966–1973." Journal of Urban History 40, no. 6 (April 30, 2014): 1138–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144214533081.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This article examines efforts by the John V. Lindsay administration (1966–1973) to deal with the New York City sanitation crisis of the late 1960s and early 1970s. By this period, the Department of Sanitation could barely function in most low-income neighborhoods of New York City, and this resulted in a series of direct and indirect protest actions. The mass media blamed Mayor Lindsay for the situation and characterized him as an ineffectual city manager. This image has persisted with scholars contending that Lindsay never figured out how to run the city government. This article diverges from these accounts and argues that the Lindsay administration actually rebuilt the Department of Sanitation—a city agency that was operationally breaking down before Lindsay became mayor. In fact, the Lindsay administration popularized the notion that a modern city with global aspirations has to meet the basic spatial needs of its residents and that efficient and responsive sanitation delivery can be achieved through the rationalization of resources and services.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

17

Jefferson, Brian Jordan. "Computerizing carceral space: Coded geographies of criminalization and capture in New York City." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 50, no. 5 (March 30, 2018): 969–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x18767427.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This article examines how computer software mediates the way cities conceptualize relations between corrections, law enforcement, and urban space. Focusing on New York City, it builds on concepts from carceral geography and geographic studies of software to decipher the “coded spaces” of corrections and law enforcement, or spaces whose existence and morphology are partially determined by software. It does so through discourse analysis of technical documents from New York City criminal justice agencies and specialized publications on applications of software in corrections and law enforcement. In analyzing these materials, the article demonstrates how the New York City Department of Corrections and Community Supervision envisions software as a medium for embedding coded spaces of continuous surveillance, discipline, and capture across the city. It also chronicles how the New York City Police Department articulates software as a means of establishing functionally similar spaces of its own, albeit on larger scales. In each instant, authorities perceive software as a means of establishing intracity coded spaces in which correctional supervision looks more like policing, and policing more like correctional supervision. The article suggests that this coded dimension of surveillance, discipline, and human capture indicate new horizons for the geography of the carceral state, and merit further empirical investigation to understand their technicity.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

18

Monk, David H., Joel S. Berke, Margaret E. Goertz, and Richard J. Coley. "Politicians, Judges, and City Schools: Reforming School Finance in New York." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 5, no. 4 (1986): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3324890.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

19

Nagel, Frederick W., Jessica A. Kattan, Shivani Mantha, Lewis S. Nelson, Hillary V. Kunins, and Denise Paone. "Promoting Health Department Opioid-Prescribing Guidelines for New York City Emergency Departments." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 24, no. 4 (2018): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000000670.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

20

Imperato, Pascal James. "The New York City Department of Health under Lowell E. Bellin, MD." Journal of Ambulatory Care Management 14, no. 2 (April 1991): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004479-199104000-00011.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

21

Christopoulos, Katerina A., Bruce R. Schackman, Gunjeong Lee, Robert A. Green, and Ellen A. Morrison. "Results From a New York City Emergency Department Rapid HIV Testing Program." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 53, no. 3 (March 2010): 420–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qai.0b013e3181b7220f.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

22

Dupre, Andrea. "Failed Educational Reform in the New York City School System." Radical Teacher 112 (October 23, 2018): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/rt.2018.408.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Like the horrifying photographs journalists take of the innocent victims of senseless-seeming wars, the article's lens zeroes in on the destruction of a once highly regarded Manhattan high school whose story needs to be told. The article sheds light on what the NYC Department of Education would like to keep buried, the revelation of a shameful mismanagment of a school community by among other things, a misguided pair of principals assigned during the administration of Mayor Michael Bloomberg. The school - unlike those with more economically priveleged student bodies - was rendered powerless by virtue of its demographics and lack of cultural capital.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

23

Bushman, Dena, Jency Sekaran, Nancy Jeffery, Caroline Rath, Joel Ackelsberg, Don Weiss, Winfred Wu, et al. "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreaks at 2 Construction Sites—New York City, October–November 2020." Clinical Infectious Diseases 73, Supplement_1 (July 15, 2021): S81—S83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab312.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract During 23 October–16 November 2020, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene investigated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks at 2 construction sites. Challenges in adhering to the New York State Department of Health “Interim COVID-19 Guidance for Construction” were reported. To minimize outbreaks, jurisdictions should increase tailored outreach to the construction industry, emphasizing infection prevention.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

24

Chronopoulos, Themis. "Police Misconduct, Community Opposition, and Urban Governance in New York City, 1945–1965." Journal of Urban History 44, no. 4 (April 2, 2015): 643–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144215574695.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In the post–World War II period, the police department emerged as one of the most problematic municipal agencies in New York City. Patrolmen and their superiors did not pay much attention to crime; instead they looked the other way, received payoffs from organized crime, performed haphazardly, and tolerated conditions that were unacceptable in a modern city with global ambitions. At the same time, patrolmen demanded deference and respect from African American civilians and routinely demeaned and brutalized individuals who appeared to be challenging their authority. The antagonism between African Americans and the New York Police Department (NYPD) intensified as local and national black freedom organizations paid more attention to police behavior and made police reform one of their main goals.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

25

Feminist, Asian. "We Want Cop-Free Communities: Against the Creation of an Asian Hate Crime Task Force by the NYPD." Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 45, no. 1 (2024): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/fro.2024.a922897.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract: This is a statement published by the Asian American Feminist Collective in August 2020 against the creation of an Asian hate crime task force in the New York City Police Department. Signed by other local New York City and national organizations, this statement highlights ways that the task force will not make communities safer, but instead put communities (especially the most vulnerable) at greater risk.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

26

Moore, Miranda S., Angelica Bocour, Fabienne Laraque, and Ann Winters. "A Surveillance-Based Hepatitis C Care Cascade, New York City, 2017." Public Health Reports 133, no. 4 (June 14, 2018): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354918776641.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Objectives: The care cascade, a method for tracking population-level progression from diagnosis to cure, is an important tool in addressing and monitoring the hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic. However, little agreement exists on appropriate care cascade steps or how best to measure them. The New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) sought to construct a care cascade by using laboratory surveillance data with clinically relevant categories that can be readily updated over time. Methods: We identified all NYC residents ever reported to the DOHMH surveillance registry with HCV through June 30, 2017 (n = 175 896). To account for outmigration, death, or treatment before negative RNA results became reportable to the health department, we limited the population to people with any test reported since July 1, 2014. Of these residents, we identified the proportion with a reported positive RNA test and estimated the proportion treated and cured since July 2014 by using DOHMH-developed surveillance-based algorithms. Results: Of 78 886 NYC residents ever receiving a diagnosis of HCV and tested since July 1, 2014, a total of 70 397 (89.2%) had ever been reported as RNA positive through June 30, 2017; 36 875 (46.7%) had initiated treatment since July 1, 2014, and 23 766 (30.1%) appeared cured during the same period. Conclusion: A substantial gap exists between confirming HCV infection and initiating treatment, even in the era of direct-acting antivirals. Using this cascade, we will monitor progress in improved treatment and cure of HCV in NYC.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

27

ARAKAKI, L., S. NGAI, and D. WEISS. "Completeness ofNeisseria meningitidisreporting in New York City, 1989–2010." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 11 (March 17, 2016): 2374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816000406.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

SUMMARYInvasive meningococcal disease (IMD) completeness of reporting has never been assessed in New York City (NYC). We conducted a capture–recapture study to assess completeness of reporting, comparing IMD reports made to the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) and records identified in the New York State hospital discharge database [Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS)] by ICD-9 codes from 1989 to 2010. Reporting completeness estimates were calculated for the entire study period, and stratified by year, age group, clinical syndrome, and reporting system. A chart review of hospital medical records from 2008 to 2010 was conducted to validate hospital coding and to adjust completeness estimates. Overall, 2194 unique patients were identified from DOHMH (n= 1300) and SPARCS (n= 1525); 631 (29%) were present in both. Completeness of IMD reporting was 41% [95% confidence interval (CI) 40–43]. Differences in completeness were found by age, clinical syndrome, and reporting system. The chart review found 33% of hospital records from 2008 to 2010 had no documentation of IMD. Removal of those records improved completeness of reporting to 51% (95% CI 49–53). Our data showed a low concordance between what is reported to DOHMH and what is coded by hospitals as IMD. Additional guidance to clinicians on IMD reporting criteria may improve completeness of IMD reporting.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

28

San Gabriel, Pablo, Lisa Saiman, Katherine Kaye, Muriel Silin, Ida Onorato, and Joann Schulte. "Completeness of Pediatric TB Reporting in New York City." Public Health Reports 118, no. 2 (March 2003): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phr/118.2.144.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Objectives. Accurate surveillance of tuberculosis (TB) in children is critical because such cases represent recent transmission, but surveillance is difficult as only 10% to 50% of cases are culture-confirmed. Hospital-based sources were used to develop alternative surveillance to assess completeness of reporting for pediatric TB in northern Manhattan and Harlem from 1993 through 1995. Methods. Alternative surveillance sources included ICD-9-CM hospital discharge codes for active TB and gastric aspirate reports. Cases identified by alternative surveillance were compared with cases previously reported to the New York City Department of Health (NYC DOH). Results. Alternative surveillance detected 25 cases of possible pediatric TB, of which four (16%) had never been reported to the NYC DOH and three (12%) had been reported as suspect cases, but had not fulfilled the criteria for a reportable case of pediatric TB. Of these seven newly counted cases, three were detected by ICD-9-CM codes, three by a gastric aspirate log book, and one by both. In contrast, 13 other cases had been reported to the NYC DOH, but were undetected by our alternative surveillance; eight of these could be verified with available medical records. Thus, the demographic and clinical characteristics of the 25 detected and the eight undetected cases with available medical records were evaluated in this study. Conclusions. Alternative surveillance proved effective, was complementary to the NYC DOH surveillance efforts, and increased the number of pediatric TB cases identified during the study period by 21%.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

29

CHERNICK, HOWARD. "FISCAL CAPACITY IN NEW YORK: THE CITY VERSUS THE REGION." National Tax Journal 51, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 531–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ntj41789348.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

30

Sokoloff, William C., William I. Krief, Kimberly A. Giusto, Tasnima Mohaimin, Cole Murphy-Hockett, Joshua Rocker, and Kristy A. Williamson. "Pediatric emergency department utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 45 (July 2021): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2021.02.029.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

31

Torian, Lucia V., Uriel R. Felsen, Qiang Xia, Fabienne Laraque, Eric J. Rude, Herbert Rose, Adam Cole, et al. "Undiagnosed HIV and HCV Infection in a New York City Emergency Department, 2015." American Journal of Public Health 108, no. 5 (May 2018): 652–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2018.304321.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

32

Contino, Ronald A., and John Giuliano. "Productivity Gains through Employee Participation at the New York City Department of Sanitation." Public Productivity & Management Review 15, no. 2 (1991): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3380757.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

33

Vitale, Alex S. "Jammed Up: Bad Cops, Police Misconduct, and the New York City Police Department." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 43, no. 5 (August 26, 2014): 701–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306114545742cc.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

34

Ciprian, T., A. Lifflander, S. Sobin, M. Kosovrasti, and A. Muzacz. "P5-S6.15 Social work services at New York City Health Department STD clinics." Sexually Transmitted Infections 87, Suppl 1 (July 1, 2011): A332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.571.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

35

Guajardo, Salomon A. "New York City Police Department Downsizing and Its Impact on Female Officer Employment." Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice 13, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 255–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2014.936640.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

36

Huang, Faith, Kanwaljit Chawla, Kirsi M. Järvinen, and Anna Nowak-Węgrzyn. "Anaphylaxis in a New York City pediatric emergency department: Triggers, treatments, and outcomes." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 129, no. 1 (January 2012): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.09.018.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

37

Robertson, David. "Guidelines for Urban Forest RestorationNew York City Department of Parks & Recreation. 2014. New York, NY: NY City Parks. 150 pages." Ecological Restoration 34, no. 3 (August 3, 2016): 265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.34.3.265.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

38

Gitelman, H. M. "New York City Cartmen, 1667–1850. By Graham Russell Hodges. New York: New York University Press, 1986. Pp. xiv, 224. $35.00." Journal of Economic History 47, no. 1 (March 1987): 264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002205070004780x.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

39

Zhang, Zhe, and Ashley Barr. "Gentrification and crime in Buffalo, New York." PLOS ONE 19, no. 6 (June 20, 2024): e0302832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302832.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Since the 1990s, gentrification has significantly changed American urban landscapes. Its implications for crime are under recent scrutiny, particularly in large cities like New York City, Los Angeles, and Chicago. We extend this literature by focusing on the gentrification-crime link in the midsize city of Buffalo, New York using nine years of data from the American Community Survey and the Buffalo Police Department. Examining changes both within tracts over time and changes between gentrified and never-gentrified tracts, we find that gentrification is associated with reduced property crime and is not associated with changes in violent crime. More specifically, in comparing crime trends across tracts, we find that gentrified tracts show a trajectory of declining property crime that mirrors more advantaged tracts, while vulnerable-but-never-gentrified tracts show a U-shaped trajectory of property crime. Looking at within-tract changes, we find that years following gentrification of a given tract have lower property crime rates than years preceding gentrification, independent of the general reduction in crime over time. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the intersections between urban processes and crime.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

40

Jose, Anita, and Scott Wetzler. "Implementing a Provider Partnership to Improve Substance Abuse and Child Welfare Outcomes in Urban High-Needs Parents." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 100, no. 3 (May 14, 2019): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1044389419836612.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This Practice Note describes the implementation of a partnership between child welfare and substance use providers in New York City, with the aim of supporting cross-systems collaboration and improving outcomes for dually involved families. Specifically, this report focuses on improving both coordination and communication between a preventive child welfare service provider (Montefiore Family Treatment & Rehabilitation Program), an outpatient substance abuse treatment provider (Montefiore Division of Substance Abuse), and the local department of social services (New York City Administration for Children’s Services). This article identifies general challenges with collaboration, describes how this collaboration was created and implemented in New York City, and provides guidance for other entities that are attempting to create similar collaborations.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

41

Scanlon, Rosemary, and Hope Cohen. "Rising Construction Costs Threaten New Supply of Affordable Housing in New York City." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 24, no. 5 (August 2009): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690940903138004.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

42

Tyszka, Juliusz. "Grotowski in New York City, 1993: Expectations, Hopes, and Stereotypes." New Theatre Quarterly 35, no. 02 (April 15, 2019): 150–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x1900006x.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The legacy of Jerzy Grotowski twenty years after his death still presents a powerful challenge for theatre-makers, not only in experimental theatre, and theoreticians – which is also how it was during his life. This retrospect by Juliusz Tyszka on the Grotowski seminar organized by Robert Findlay and Robert Taylor for the Program in Educational Theatre, at New York University in February 1993, is a testimony to his achievements, offering insights into the opinions and reflections of American artists, critics, and scholars on the importance of Grotowski, and the impact of his theatrical output both on world theatre, and specifically in the US. Tyszka sets their views within the Polish background he shares with Grotowski. The climax of the seminar in a meeting with Grotowski himself, following a film recording of The Constant Prince, is fully described. In 1992/93 Juliusz Tyszka was a Fulbright visiting scholar in the Department of Performance Studies at NYU. He is an advisory editor of NTQ and a regular contributor to the journal. Since 2008 he has been Head of the Unit of Performance Studies, Institute of Cultural Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University at Poznań, Poland.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

43

Bonner, Sarah M., Leslie S. Keiler, and Pamela Mills. "The Peer-Enabled Restructured Classroom (PERC): Harnessing the Power of Urban Students to Achieve Success in STEM Classrooms." Advances in Peer-Led Learning, no. 3 (2023): 34–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54935/apll2023-01-04-34.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The Peer-Enabled Restructured Classroom (PERC) is an educational model for secondary school science and mathematics classrooms that was developed in New York City public schools under the auspices of a National Science Foundation-funded Math Science Partnership (MSP) between the City University of New York (CUNY) and the New York City Department of Education (NYC DOE). PERC successes demonstrate that middle-performing students in urban, often low-performing schools can be an integral resource to support academic reform and the success of all students. The origins, development, and implementation of PERC in multiple New York City public schools are reviewed in this retrospective. Research studies on the effects of PERC on the students, near-peer leaders, and teachers in the classrooms are presented. PERC demonstrates that restructuring classrooms to engage students deeply in peer instruction can empower students, including those from low-income, often under-resourced school communities, to become student leaders and achievers.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

44

Hoefer, Dina, Patricia S. Ruppert, Elizabeth Rausch-Phung, Elizabeth Dufort, Manisha Patel, Manisha Patel, Dylan Johns, et al. "LB15. Measles Outbreak in New York State (NYS) Outside of New York City, 2018–2019." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S999—S1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz415.2498.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract Background The United States is experiencing one of the largest and longest measles outbreaks since elimination was declared in 2000 and is at risk of losing this status. Most cases occurring in NYS were reported in undervaccinated communities. Methods We included all confirmed NYS measles cases (excluding NYC) from outbreak counties from October 1, 2018 to July 25, 2019. We used the CSTE measles case definition requiring an acute febrile rash illness and either laboratory confirmation or direct epidemiologic linkage to a lab-confirmed case. For each case, demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained. A medical record review was completed for those reported to have an encounter at a hospital, emergency department, or urgent care center. Results There were 371 cases of measles reported, including 11 internationally imported cases. Most occurred in Rockland county (n = 283); followed by Orange (n = 55), Westchester (n = 18), Sullivan (n = 14) and Greene (n = 1) (Figures 1 and 2). The median age was 5.5 years; 79% of all cases occurred among children younger than 18 years of age (Figure 3). Most cases (79%) had not received any doses of measles vaccine. Of the 371 cases, 263 (71%) were children who had received 0 doses of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (MMR), 218 (83%) of whom were over 1 year of age (Table 1). There have been no deaths or documented cases of encephalitis. Twenty-eight (8%) patients were diagnosed with pneumonia and 25 (7%) patients were hospitalized. Among 17 hospitalized children, 5 (29%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (ages 1 day to 7 years). There were two preterm births at 34 and 25 weeks gestation to women with measles while pregnant. During October 1, 2018–July 31, 2019, providers in outbreak counties vaccinated 72,465 individuals with MMR, a 46% increase from the same period the year prior. Conclusion Unvaccinated children were identified as the largest group affected and experienced severe complications; nearly 30% of hospitalized children were admitted to an ICU. These data support the critical need for continued education and outreach on the risks of measles and the value of vaccination to prevent continued circulation in undervaccinated communities and potential further cases of severe disease. Disclosures Kirsten St. George, MAppSc, PhD, Akonni Biosystems (Other Financial or Material Support), ThermoFisher (Grant/Research Support), Zeptometrix (Other Financial or Material Support, royalty generating collaborative agreement); others, no disclosures reported..

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

45

Jacobs-Wingo, MPH, Jasmine, Ifeoma Ezeoke, MPH, Alhaji Saffa, MPH, Anna Tate, MPH, David Lee, MPH, MBA, Kimberly Johnson, MS, Katherine Whittemore, MPH, et al. "Using a call center to coordinate Zika virus testing—New York City, 2016." Journal of Emergency Management 14, no. 6 (November 1, 2016): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2016.0303.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Background: After local testing criteria for Zika virus expanded to include asymptomatic pregnant women who traveled to areas with active Zika virus transmission while pregnant, the New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) experienced a surge in test requests and subsequent testing delays due to factors such as incorrectly completed laboratory requisition forms. The authors describe how DOHMH addressed these issues by establishing the Zika Testing Call Center (ZTCC).Methods: Using a case study approach, the authors illustrate how DOHMH leveraged protocols, equipment, and other resources used previously during DOHMH's Ebola emergency response to meet NYC's urgent Zika virus testing needs. To request Zika virus testing, providers call the ZTCC; if patients meet testing criteria, the ZTCC collects data necessary to complete requisition forms and sends the forms back to providers. The ZTCC also provides guidance on specimens needed for Zika virus testing. Providers submit completed requisition forms and appropriate specimens to DOHMH for testing.Results: During March 21 through July 21, 2016, testing for 3,866 patients was coordinated through the ZTCC.Conclusion: The ZTCC exemplifies how a health department, using previous emergency response experiences, can quickly address local testing needs for an emerging infectious disease.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

46

Proops, D. C., J. A. Knorr, J. S. Meissner, B. N. Kreiswirth, and S. D. Ahuja. "Epidemiology of tuberculosis among healthcare personnel in New York City." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 24, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.19.0584.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

BACKGROUND: We have updated the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) among healthcare personnel (HCP) in New York City (NYC), USA, during a period of declining TB burden.METHODS: Using routinely collected Health Department data for NYC TB cases from 2001 to 2014, we conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis. P values were calculated using Pearson's χ2 or Fisher's exact test for categorical data; Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare medians. We used the Cochran-Armitage test for trend and linear regression for trend analyses.RESULTS: HCP accounted for 6% of adults with TB throughout the study period and were more likely than other adults to be female (68% vs. 37%, P ≤ 0.0001), have extrapulmonary-only disease (31% vs. 23%, P ≤ 0.0001), have an isolate with multidrug resistance (4% vs. 2%, P = 0.0211), and report a previous history of latent TB infection (LTBI) (51% vs. 23%, P ≤ 0.0001). Compared to non-US-born HCP, US-born HCP were more likely to have HIV infection (18% vs. 8%, P = 0.0011) or a genotypically clustered isolate (67% vs. 37%, P ≤ 0.0001) and less likely to report history of prior LTBI (43% vs. 54%, P = 0.0128).CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed to explore transmission and occupational risk among HCP. New approaches are needed to optimize completion of prophylaxis for HCP with LTBI.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

47

Haggag, Kareem, Brian McManus, and Giovanni Paci. "Learning by Driving: Productivity Improvements by New York City Taxi Drivers." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 70–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20150059.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

We study learning by doing by New York City taxi drivers, who have substantial discretion over their driving strategies and receive compensation closely tied to their success in finding customers. In addition to documenting learning overall by these entrepreneurial agents, we exploit our data's breadth to investigate the factors that contribute to driver improvement across a variety of situations. New drivers lag further behind experienced drivers when in difficult situations. Drivers benefit from accumulating neighborhood-specific experience, which affects how they search for their next customers. (JEL D83, J24, L26, L92, R41)

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

48

Jiao, Boshen, Sooyoung Kim, Jonas Hagen, and Peter Alexander Muennig. "Cost-effectiveness of neighbourhood slow zones in New York City." Injury Prevention 25, no. 2 (September 27, 2017): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042499.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

BackgroundNeighbourhood slow zones (NSZs) are areas that attempt to slow traffic via speed limits coupled with other measures (eg, speed humps). They appear to reduce traffic crashes and encourage active transportation. We evaluate the cost-effectiveness of NSZs in New York City (NYC), which implemented them in 2011.MethodsWe examined the effectiveness of NSZs in NYC using data from the city’s Department of Transportation in an interrupted time series analysis. We then conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov model. One-way sensitivity analyses and Monte Carlo analyses were conducted to test error in the model.ResultsAfter 2011, road casualties in NYC fell by 8.74% (95% CI 1.02% to 16.47%) in the NSZs but increased by 0.31% (95% CI −3.64% to 4.27%) in the control neighbourhoods. Because injury costs outweigh intervention costs, NSZs resulted in a net savings of US$15 (95% credible interval: US$2 to US$43) and a gain of 0.002 of a quality-adjusted life year (QALY, 95% credible interval: 0.001 to 0.006) over the lifetime of the average NSZ resident relative to no intervention. Based on the results of Monte Carlo analyses, there was a 97.7% chance that the NSZs fall under US$50 000 per QALY gained.ConclusionWhile additional causal models are needed, NSZs appeared to be an effective and cost-effective means of reducing road casualties. Our models also suggest that NSZs may save more money than they cost.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

49

Bruner, Mia. "The Municipal Reference and Research Center is Born: New York’s Municipal Library in the late 1960s." DttP: Documents to the People 44, no. 4 (January 31, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/dttp.v44i4.6224.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Recently the news site Democracy Now! featured a story titled “NYPD Surveillance Unveiled: City Claims to Lose Docs on 1960s Radicals, Then Finds 1 Million Records.”1 The segment describes Baruch College professor Johanna Fernández’s efforts to access records of New York Police Department (NYPD) surveillance of radical organizations in the 1960s and 1970s. In the early 2000s, Fernández began her search for this material but encountered a major obstacle when the city of New York claimed it had lost them. Sixteen years later, the city contacted Fernández to inform her that these documents were in fact not lost and had been found with more than 520 boxes of related materials in a warehouse in Queens.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

50

Kargin, Vedat. "Police Use Of Excessive Force: A Case Study Of Lethal (Deadly) Force." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 1 (January 29, 2016): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n1p488.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Two African-American civilians, Sean Bell and Amadou Bailo Diallo, suffered tragic deaths as a result of use of lethal force by the police. This case study presents an in-depth analysis of the determinants that affected the officers’ use of lethal force with regard to the above mentioned cases. In 1999, Amadou Bailo Diallo was killed in a 41-bullet police shooting in New York. Similarly in 2006, Sean Bell was shot to death in a 50-bullet fusillade that involved officers from The New York City Police Department. After the Bell shooting, officers of The New York City Police Department were under investigation. The case study focuses on and examines the similarities and differences of both cases, official and public reactions in the aftermath of the shootings, investigation processes, as well as the indictments of the police officers involved in both cases. Finally, this study proposes some suggestions on the use of excessive force based on the findings of the two specific cases.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ми пропонуємо знижки на всі преміум-плани для авторів, чиї праці увійшли до тематичних добірок літератури. Зв'яжіться з нами, щоб отримати унікальний промокод!