Дисертації з теми "New technology and empirical data"
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1
Mason, Terry, Fred Jr Thames, and John Howard. "‘NEW TECHNOLOGY’ DATA RECORDERS A TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606457.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThere are clear signs that data recorders using solid-state and disk-based technologies now represent a serious alternative to conventional linear and rotary tape recorders for a broad spectrum of data capture applications. As the number of RFQs specifying these so-called ‘new technology’ solutions increases, virtually every major manufacturer has responded with announcements of new off-the-shelf products. A NATO technical support team has even been tasked with drafting standards for certain aspects of solid-state and disk recorders. But what has caused this sudden explosion of interest? Strange to say, in almost every case it has been the perceived shortcomings of the new technologies which have forced the issue. For all their advantages, solid-state and disk recorders are essentially only temporary storage devices. To overcome this problem manufacturers have found it necessary to address the total data capture/storage/distribution/archiving scenario – with some interesting results. It is in the ‘data handling’ area therefore that some of the most significant advances are to be found. This Paper offers an overview of some of the new technology solutions now available - RAID (Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks), JBOD (Just a Bunch Of Disks) and FLASH memory recorders. New paradigms for airborne, mobile and laboratory data collection, handling, analysis and archiving are discussed, demonstrating that (for once) the migration path has been carefully thought through, with industry-standard data interfaces, true computer connectivity (Windows and UNIX) and familiar control techniques. It concludes that many users with a keen interest in replacing legacy products for whatever reason can now do so with confidence and minimal disruption to their day-to-day operation while nevertheless gaining access to the important benefits which ‘new technology’ solutions can offer.
2
Harfield, Antony James. "Empirical modelling as a new paradigm for educational technology." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2007. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2404/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Educational technology has yet to deliver the benefits or successes that were expected in educational practice, especially in relation to issues other than the communication and delivery of teaching materials. Evidence suggests that these difficulties stem from the mismatch between formalised virtual learning environments and everyday sensemaking and between the rich potential for enhanced learning afforded by new technology and the constraints of old-style educational practice. In addressing this mismatch, some commentators suggest that the primary need is for a new culture of educational practice-and even that such a culture is already emerging, and others identify the need for a new paradigm for educational technology. The aim of this thesis is to explore the potential for a new paradigm for educational technology based on the principles and tools of Empirical Modelling (see http://dcs.warwick.ac.uk/modelling). The thesis builds upon previous research on Empirical Modelling as a constructionist approach to learning, and in particular Roe's doctoral thesis 'Computers for learning: an Empirical Modelling perspective'. Roe's treatment of Empirical Modelling can be viewed as generalising the use of spreadsheets for learning through applying 'programming by dependency' within the framework of existing educational practice. In contrast, this thesis is concerned at a more fundamental level with the contribution that Empirical Modelling can make to technology enhanced learning that may lead to new educational practices. In particular, it identifies eight significant characteristics of learning that are well-matched to Empirical Modelling activity, and associates these with experimental, flexible and meaningful strands in learning. The credentials of Empirical Modelling as a potential new foundation for educational technology are enhanced by demonstrating that Empirical Modelling is radically different from traditional software development and use. It provides a methodology for modelling with dependency that is more closely related to the use of spreadsheets for learning. The thesis elaborates on the relationship between Empirical Modelling and learning in a variety of different contexts, ways and applications. Three examples drawn from computer science higher education are explored to emphasise the experimental, flexible and meaningful characteristics of Empirical Modelling. This discussion of Empirical Modelling in a specific educational context is complemented by an investigation of its relevance to learning in a wider context, with reference to a broad range of subjects, to specific issues in language learning, and to the topics of lifelong learning and collaborative learning. Although the application of Empirical Modelling for learning is as yet too immature for large scale empirical studies, its potential is evaluated using informal empirical evidence arising from Empirical Modelling practice at Warwick. The sources for this evaluation are well-established teaching activities relating to Empirical Modelling in Computer Science at the University of 'Warwick, comprising an introductory module and a number of final year undergraduate projects. The thesis concludes by considering the extent to which Empirical Modelling can go beyond the support for constructionism envisaged by Roe, to address the broader agenda of supporting constructivist learning using computers. To this end, a close relationship between Empirical Modelling and a vision of constructivism recently set out by Bruno Latour in his paper 'The Promises of Constructivism' is demonstrated.
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Kim, Hae-min. "Empirical study of new Keynesian model using cointegrated VAR : what New Zealand data tell us." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54656.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 27-28).
Econometric analysis of rational expectations models has been a widely studied topic in the macro-econometric literature. This thesis looks in particular at evaluating Neokeynesian model (NKM) with respect to its conformity with the data. Among the available econometric techniques, this thesis investigates what cointegrated VAR can illuminate about how close the NKM gets to the data. This project closely follow the approach taken by Mikael Juselius (2008) and extends the analysis to the New Zealand data. The findings from the thesis lend support to Juselius' conclusions but in a limited way. The results from this thesis question the robustness of his claims based on US data supporting inexact rational expectations models.
by Hae-min Kim.
S.M.
4
Maximin, Grégory. "Les formes organisationnelles hybrides dans le secteur des télécommunications et des nouvelles technologies." Thesis, Antilles, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ANTI0734.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le but des travaux est de montrer par quels moyens et procédés stratégiques et organisationnels les firmes des secteurs intensifs en nouvelles technologies et en innovation font face à la spécificité des actifs et aux dynamiques propres à la mondialisation de l’économie. La Nouvelle économie institutionnelle guide nos travaux à travers l’approche de la firme utilisée qui est d’essence contractualiste et qui s’appuie sur les travaux de l’Economie des Coûts de transaction et de la Théorie des Contrats incomplets. Cependant d’autres approches de la firme sont abordées afin de pallier aux écueils identifiés au sein de l’approche contractualiste et d’enrichir la portée académique des travaux. De surcroît, la notion d’alliance stratégique est très importante dans nos travaux et nous permet d’opérer une articulation entre les concepts d’Organisation et de Marché afin de mettre en lumière certaines dynamiques propres à la firme dans une économie de marché. Par ailleurs la thèse aborde également les alliances stratégiques sous les deux autres angles suivants : à la fois celui de la multinationalisation des firmes innovantes, ainsi que sur celui de la réponse organisationnelle que constituent les alliances stratégiques face aux spécificités propres aux secteurs innovants. La Théorie des jeux et le concept d’équilibre de Nash peuvent nous aider à modéliser ou à décrire la dynamique des firmes du secteur des télécommunications. La dynamique de d’autres secteurs innovants est étudiée à travers la notion d’alliance stratégique. L’influence des décisions et politiques publiques en matière de règlementation des télécommunications et d’impulsion de l’innovation est aussi évoquée. L’influence des politiques publiques peut se voir notamment en matière de concurrence lorsque le régulateur public autorise dans les secteurs innovants des firmes concurrentes à coopérer en amont en matière de recherche et développement. D’ailleurs des modèles de recherche et développement seront présentés. Il est à noter que les travaux de thèse intègrent des données empiriques faisant état du poids des secteurs intensifs en recherche et développement et donc de l’innovation dans l’économie. Le champ géographique couvert par ces données empiriques est continental et/ou international.La thèse permet donc à partir de la notion d’alliance stratégique de détailler des procédés organisationnels et des stratégies comportementales (modèle de jeux) encourageant : l’innovation, le maintien d’une forte spécificité des actifs et la réactivité nécessaire aux firmes dans une économie mondialisée. Nous donnons les formes organisationnelles les mieux adaptées pour faire face à une forte spécificité des actifs dans le secteur des télécommunications. Il s’agit de la firme (post-fusion) et de la joint-venture relationnelle concernant cette dernière nous démontrons que la présence de contrats relationnels permet de réduire la volonté de renégociation et est une protection contre l’opportunisme contractuelThe aim of the thesis is to show what are the means and strategic and organizational processes the firms of the sectors highly intense in new IT and innovation use to cope with to asset specificity and to the dynamics of the globalisation of the economy. The New Institutional Economics (NIE) leads our work thanks to the conception of the firm used which is based essentially on a contractualist approach which uses the works of the transaction cost economics and of theory of the incomplete contracts; however other approaches of the firms are evocated in order to enrich the academical view of our thesis. Moreover, the notion of strategic alliance is very important for our work, and it allows us to operate an articulation between the concepts of Organization and the Market for put in the light some firm’s dynamics in a market economy. Furthermore, the thesis concerns the strategic alliances under two other following perspectives: the first one is the multinationalization of the innovative firms, and the second one concerns the organizational response that establish the strategic alliances to cope with the specificities of the innovative sectors. The game theory and the concept of Nash equilibrium can help us to model ou describe the dynamic of the firms belonging the sector of telecommunications. The dynamic of other innovative sectors is studied through the notion of strategic alliance. The influence of the decisions and the public policies concerning the telecommunication regulation and the impulse of the innovation is evocated too. The influence of public policies can be seen particularly concerning the competition when the public regulator allows in the innovative sectors the competing firms to cooperate in upstream (for example research and development joined). Some research and developments models are presented in the thesis. It is important to note that the thesis has empirical data highlighting the weight of the sectors highly intense in research and development and so showing the weight of the innovation in the economy. The geographical field covers by these data is international The thesis thanks to the notion of strategic alliance enables to retail the organizational processes and the behavioral strategies (models of game) strengthening the innovation, enabling to cope with to a strong asset specificity and explaining the firms’ responses in a globalized economy. We finish in providing the organizational forms the most adapted for cope with to the strong specificity of the sector of telecommunications. There are the firm (post-merger) and the relational joint venture concerning this latter we demonstrate that the presence of relational contracts enables to reduce the will to renege and is a protection against the contractual opportunism
5
Thames, Fred. "A NEW GENERATION OF DATA RECORDERS BASED ON DLT TECHNOLOGY." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607371.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaAs the performance of inexpensive commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) data storage devices continues to increase, the temptation to use them as the basis for data capture products for military and industrial applications becomes ever more compelling. For example, the Digital Linear Tape (DLT) format now offers a 270 Gigabits per cassette capacity at a sustained transfer rate of 40 Mbits/s – performance which would have cost tens or even hundreds of thousands of dollars per system just a few years ago. But to transplant such a device from its benign office habitat into a data capture product which will function reliably and consistently in a wide range of field and platform environments is an engineering task fully as difficult and complex as designing an environmentally robust recorder from scratch. This paper discusses the problems which typically have to be overcome; environmental protection, reliability, data integrity, power supplies, software issues, control and data interfacing, etc., citing practical examples of analog and digital DLT-based data recorders which are now entering service for telemetry, intelligence gathering, anti-submarine warfare and related applications
6
Koester, Gerrit B. "The political economy of tax reforms : an empirical analysis of new German data /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783832941314.
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Koester, Gerrit B. "The political economy of tax reforms an empirical analysis of new German data." Baden-Baden Nomos, 2007. http://d-nb.info/992704804/04.
Повний текст джерела
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Ramakrishnan, Thiagarajan. "Factors Influencing BI Data Collection Strategies: An Empirical Investigation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31544/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the external factors that influence an organizations' business intelligence (BI) data collection strategy when mediated by BI attributes. In this dissertation, data warehousing strategies are used as the basis on which to frame the exploration of BI data collection strategies. The attributes include BI insightfulness, BI consistency, and the organizational transformation attribute of BI. The research population consisted of IT professionals and top level managers involved in developing and managing BI. Data was collected from a range of industries and organizations within the United States. An online survey was used to collect the data to empirically test the proposed relationships. Data was analyzed using partial least square path modeling (PLS). The results of this study suggest that there exists a positive relationship between institutional isomorphism and BI consistency. The results also indicate that there exists a positive relationship between BI consistency and BI comprehensive data collection strategy, and the organizational transformation attribute of BI and BI comprehensive data collection strategy. These findings provide a theoretical lens to better understand the motivators and the success factors related to collecting the huge amounts of data required for BI. This study also provides managers with a mental model on which to base decisions about the data required to accomplish their goals for BI.
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Clark, David Patrick Tai-Sik. "An empirical study of firm efficiency : new evidence using cross industry and country data." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20995/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At the most individual level, those operating within firms have a shared interest - the want to improve. Since the foundational ideas of Adam Smith and the division of labour, economists have taken an interest in attempting to understand what the firm does and how exactly it operates. The pioneering work of Coase (1937) explored the nature of the firm and the economic understanding of exactly why individuals choose to form firms to undertake business, rather than conducting market operations on an individual contractual basis. This marked the beginning of what was and has become a broad and diverse area of the literature. While the notion may have been hinted at and mentioned implicitly, the term transaction costs, coined by and developed by Williamson (1979) and Williamson (1981) made apparent the costs associated with initial contracts with suppliers and the importance of relational and ownership implications over time between buyer and seller. More generally, in the area of contract theory, theoretical applications of the principal-agent problem, in relation to the firm, have considered the design of contracts that maximise incentives on behalf of the worker, as well as considering the moral hazard that presents when information asymmetries are present (Hölmstrom, 1979; Grossman and Hart, 1983). In the advent of novel econometric techniques in the 1970s, such as stochastic fron- tier (Battese and Corra, 1977) and data envelopment analysis Charnes et al. (1978), made possible empirical studies of firm performance, namely efficiency in cost and production. While at the start of this literature, such techniques were solely used as a means to evaluate a numerical measure of efficiency and rank the observed individual units, more recent methodological advances have allowed an additional dimension of performance and efficiency studied. Using either a two or one-stage estimation method (Kumbhakar and Lovell, 2003), empirical researchers are able to use the efficiency estimates, attained from either the cost or production function, as a measure that could be explained by other explanatory covariates. This develop- ment was critical as it allowed the economist, policy maker and firms themselves, an insight into exact what attributes of the firm and the business environment either im- prove or hinder their performance. Aside from individual desires to make profit, the importance of understanding firm efficiency and its determinants has much wider implications. Given that small and medium-sized enterprise dominate the composition of firms within the private sector, particularly in developing countries; in combination with the fact that research has indicated that higher levels of GDP per capita in countries with larger numbers of SMEs (Beck et al., 2005; Ayyagari et al., 2007), there is a larger importance to understanding how we can encourage efficiency and performance. Moreover, despite the advent of new techniques, firm-level data that can be em- ployed in this framework have been relatively limited. While the applied SFA literature has been primarily concerned with the measure measurement of efficiency within utilities and agriculture, some firm or industry-level studies have emerged. That being said, those that do exists lack a expansive coverage of countries at different stages of economic and institutional development, as such, the application of policy recommendations are particularly constrained. This thesis attempts to fill a number of gaps within the existing body of literature in a number of ways. Firstly, we employ the use of a novel and comprehensive dataset. The World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) has an extensive coverage 139 countries, at differing stages of economics and institutional development and transition from 2006-2016. The pooled cross-sectional dataset is multifaceted, in that, it includes a range of accounting and production measures, as well as a number of typical and atypical firm characteristics. Most notable, the survey ask firm managers about their perception to a range of obstacles to firm performance, including corruption, access to finance, the informal economy and business licensing. To our knowledge, this particular insight is unique within the data available on firms at any level of coverage. Secondly, in previous studies of corruption more generally, the established mea- sures of corruption are usually at the country-level in the form of indices, namely the Corruption Perceptions Index or International Country Risk measure. In this thesis, not only do we have information about the level of corruption at the level of the firm but we also know what the perceived level of corruption that firm has experience. Similarly, with respect to financial constraints, while the availability of data measur- ing access to finance at the firm-level is more prevalent, disaggregation by severity is less so. Moreover, the characteristics of the firm included in the data set, go far beyond usual variables such as age and size. Information on tax inspections, time spent on regulatory matters, use of IT communication in client dealings and external audits are provided, that allow far more a detail analysis of the determination of firm efficiency that has also been observed in the literature thus far. In the first of three studies in this thesis, we employ a one-stage SFA approach to both calculate and subsequently attempt to understand the role of corruption and financial constraints in the variation amongst firms in productive efficiency. In doing so, we test our hypotheses. Based on a survey of the literature, we formulate two hypotheses; the severity of both corruption and constraints to finance will reduce firm efficiency. The results of our empirical analysis find that while higher levels of severity in financial constraints reduce the level of efficiency, we find evidence to the contrary for the minor levels of perceived corruption. While the former result is in agreement with the established literature, our result regarding corruption is in line with the ‘grease money’ hypothesis. In lieu of the negative effects on efficiency found in chapter two, in chapter three, we endevour to understand what determines the severity to financial constraints the firm faces, particularly different information types, soft and hard. Based on the work of Beck et al. (2006), we employ a generealised ordered probit methodology to assess the marginal effects of different information types. In contrast with Beck et al. (2006), we find evidence against using the ordered probit over the generealised model, allowing a relaxing of the parallel lines assumption. In essence we find that, despite a documented over-reliance of hard information used in the consideration of loan applications Cole et al. (2004), soft information has important implications which are otherwise disregarded in the decision-making process. For completeness, we create two scales that assess the total number of problems firm report to face, as well as their aggregate severity. Just as is the case in considering only access to finance, we find that both information types are important to both severity and number of obstacles to operation that firms must endure. Following from this, in chapter four we employ two novel approaches to construct a index measures of obstacles that firms face. By using these approachs, namely generalised structural equation modelling (GSEM), empirical Bayes prediction and polychoric principal component analysis, we construct two measure of firm obsta- cles that are manifested within the 15 perceived obstacles measures that the survey measures, given the oversimplification that simpler arithmetic measures embody. In the construction of these measures, we find the perceived obstacles with the largest weighting are corruption, courts and business licensing, in line with some theoretical predictions made in the corruption and bribery literature (Guriev, 2004). Once con- structed, we use these measures, as well as a number of other firm characteristic to assess the effect on firm performance, namely firm sales. Initially, we find that the polychoric principal component measure to be statistically preferred to the empirical bayes prediction. For the sample as a whole, we find a negative significant negative linear relation between the firm’s placement on the scale and the level of firm sales.This persists also above the 40th percentile of firm sales, as well as in particular regions, sectors and firm sizes. Finally, chapter five will summarise the thesis.
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Smith, Julia. "Small business strategy : an empirical analysis of the experience of new Scottish firms." Thesis, Abertay University, 1997. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/5ab6c883-4559-4df9-83d1-0c352662eb26.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis aims to make a significant contribution to the development of the emerging literature on small business strategy. First, it conducts a critical review of the existing literature on strategy in general, and its relation to small firms in particular. Second, it investigates whether or not small firms do make strategic decisions, and discovers how these are incorporated into their long-term plans. Third, it establishes a link between the strategies employed by new small firms and their subsequent performance. And finally, it advises on the strategies and actions a small business should follow if it wishes to achieve high performance. As such, the work should be useful, not only to academics with an interest in new small firms, but also to practitioners and small business advisors. The thesis explains how two fieldwork instruments were designed, for use in face-to-face interviews with the owner-managers of 150 young micro-firms throughout Scotland, over a two-year time period. This work led to the design and development of a new database, and the creation of 17 case studies on small business strategy. Cluster analysis was used to group the firms into high, medium and low performance categories. Then strategies followed by each performance category were analysed to discover why some were more effective than others. The case study evidence was used to support this analysis, further augmented by statistics from the administered questionnaire. Seven propositions were developed, and empirically tested. O f these, the most notable were that: first, higher performers appear to have a better appraisal of their own strengths and weaknesses, as well as being more aware of opportunities and threats, compared to the lower performing firms; second, the implementation and continued use of information-technology has a statistically significant and positive effect upon performance; and third, the gathering of trade intelligence (e.g. marketing, quality) on rivals appears to enhance performance. Further propositions, on awareness, funding and ownership, round off the detailed picture provided of performance in the new small firm.
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Öhlmér, Peter. "Analysis of a new quaternary encoding for increased data throughput." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447812.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Quaternary logic has the ability to be faster and consume less energy than conventional CMOS logic. Previous works on quaternary logic have only studied how quaternary logic works when the data size is compressed in order to save energy, which we will refer to as quaternary compression encoding. This thesis proposes and evaluates a new quaternary encoding, called the merging encoding, that focuses on increasing the data through put instead of compressing the size.The merging and compression systems have also been compared against each other. The merging encoding has been evaluated by simulating a Kogge-Stoneadder, and by testing how resistant that adder is against errors. We found that the merging encoding system does work as intended but that it is slightly worse at resisting errors, 35% worse than the compression encoding system. While error resistance is one of the hardest theoretical problems that quaternarylogic is facing, other aspects also exist. Some of these aspects, such as energy consumption and speed, have not been studied in this study but will bein future research papers.
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Carneiro, Luiz Augusto Ferreira Actuarial Studies Australian School of Business UNSW. "Corporate risk management with reinsurance and derivatives : panel data methodology and new results from empirical studies using Australian data." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Actuarial Studies, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26137.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis contributes to the issue of why corporations manage risk with insurance and financial derivative contracts. Two different empirical studies are done with data sets from Australian companies: 1) one study on reinsurance demand; and 2) one study on interest-rate-risk hedging demand from non-banking companies listed at the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX). Both studies use panel data models. A Monte Carlo simulation replicates the basic characteristics of the original data sets and allows a performance comparison among different panel data models. This thesis provides the first empirical work on insurer demand for reinsurance using Australian data. A panel-data set (1996-2001) is used, which provides 543 observations. The study finds strong evidence that larger insurers, insurers member of a group of companies, reinsurers, and captive insurers reinsure more. The impacts of leverage, taxes, and return on investments are not statistically significant. The second empirical study analyses the interest-rate-risk hedging demand with two panel data sets from 1998 to 2003 (1134 and 465 observations, respectively). Detailed information about interest-rate-risk exposures was available after manual data collection from financial reports, which was only possible due to specific reporting requirements in Australian accounting standards. A probit regression analysis confirms previous empirical results that company size is important to the decision to hedge interest rate risk in Australia. However, in relation to the analysis of the extent of hedging, the proper measurement of interest-rate-risk exposures generates some significant results different from those found in previous studies. For example, this study shows that total leverage (total debt ratio) is not significantly important to interest-rate-risk hedging demand and that, instead, this demand is related to the specific risk exposure in the interest bearing part of debt. This study finds significant relations of interest-rate-risk hedging to company size, floating-interest-rate debt ratio, annual log returns, and company industry type.
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Dash, Ishita. "Provision of Reliability Data for New Technology Equipment in Subsea Production Systems." Thesis, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskaplige Universitet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For certain new technologies such as subsea processing systems reliability, compactness and easy maintainability are the most important factors to be considered while designing. This is because installation and retrieval costs increase with the increase in the size of the equipment. Failure of such equipments will cause huge production losses leading to enormous financial losses.However to have a better understanding of how reliable a component is, it is most appropriate to express it quantitatively. Methods to predict the reliability of equipment have been suggested however they all require historical data to be fed as input to conduct the analysis. When dealing with new technologies these historical datas are nearly absent.The objective of this thesis is to propose a method for estimating the failure rate of such new technologies with special focus on subsea processing systems. A literature study was carried out on the various reliability datas such as OREDA, MIL-HDBK-217, FIDES and NSWC. The key features of each of the reliability data handbooks were identified. Also the various methods used for estimating the failure rates were discussed especially for FIDES and NSWC. A literature review of the various subsea processing systems was also carried out and a final focus was made on subsea multiphase helico-axial pump. A bayesian approach was chosen for the new proposed approach. The suggested approach consists of six steps where the analysis starts with a failure mode and effect analysis of the chosen new technology, helico-axial subsea pump in our case. Using the results from the failure mode and effect analysis and literature reviews an influence diagram is developed for the helico-axial pump. The probabilities of the priors and the conditional probabilities are assigned based reliability data handbooks and literature reviews. The importance of each of the failure modes is identified. Finally the failure of the pump is calculated by multiplying the failure rate of each of the failure modes with its calculated importance. The total failure rate of the pump is obtained by adding the modified failure rates. Using this method it was seen that the failure rate of the helico-axial pump with the given current design has a failure rate which is less than that of a centrifugal pump which is required to operate for a period of six years with one failure. Finally recommendations for further work have also been included at the final part of this report.
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Wong, Albert Shing Fai. "The role of new technology in improving data collection for public transportation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43314.
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Smith, Michael Alan. "An empirical investigation of the determinants of information systems outsourcing." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29455.
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Fernandes, Luísa Alexandra Varela. "Exports of high technology from developing countries : a new look into the data." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/1583.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mestrado em EconomiaO objectivo do presente trabalho é testar a hipótese de que considerar os países em desenvolvimento como reais exportadores de produtos de alta tecnologia pode ser apenas o resultado de um artefacto estatístico, através de um novo olhar sobre os dados. O presente trabalho visa complementar estudos realizados anteriormente através da análise dos dados mais recentes e comparáveis, de forma a captar uma perspectiva evolutiva do comércio internacional e, especificamente, a performance do mundo em desenvolvimento no que concerne as exportações de alta tecnologia. O estudo é principalmente empírico e baseado nos dados disponíveis no International Trade Centre, UNCTAD/WTO, extraídos da base de dados COMTRADE. Os dados estão disponíveis para 169 países e para o período 2001-2005. A análise não rejeita ou contesta totalmente a hipótese de artefacto estatístico. Quatro tendências principais são identificadas: os países em desenvolvimento continuam a melhorar a sua competitividade em termos de (1) exportações de produtos manufacturados em geral e (2) exportações de alta tecnologia em particular, ganhando terreno em relação aos países desenvolvidos; (3) os países em desenvolvimento estão também a importar alta tecnologia em grande escala e uma quarta conclusão incide sobre a (4) heterogeneidade entre as economias em desenvolvimento. A China Índia, México, Malásia ou Hungria parecem estar a desenvolver as suas capacidades locais. Contudo, os restantes países têm ainda um grande caminho a percorrer. Até as Filipinas e a Tailândia, que sugeriam ser economias promissoras nos anos 90, parecem não ter desenvolvido as suas capacidades substancialmente. Enquanto que os países desenvolvidos estão profundamente preocupados com a concorrência emergente de economias em desenvolvimento, estas últimas devem focar-se na promoção e desenvolvimento das suas competências internas. Os desafios são claramente diferentes entre eles. ABSTRACT: The purpose of this work is to test the hypothesis that to consider developing countries as high tech exporters may be just the result of a statistical artifact, by taking a new look into the data. The present work intends to contribute to the existing literature by analysing the most recent and comparable data in order to capture an evolutionary perspective of the world trade and, specifically, the developing world performance concerning high tech manufacturing exports. The study is mainly empirical and based on the data from the International Trade Centre, UNTACD/WTO extracted from the COMTRADE database. The data is available for 169 countries and for the period 2000-2005. The analysis cannot reject or contest fully the statistical artifact hypothesis. It also identifies four main trends in the trade data: developing countries continue to improve its competitiveness in terms of the (1) manufacturing exports in general and (2) regarding high-tech exports in particular, clearly catching-up developed economies; (3) developing countries are also importing high tech in great scale, and a fourth conclusion from our analysis relies on (4) the heterogeneity among developing economies. China, India, Mexico, Malaysia or Hungary, do seem to be developing local skills. The remaining developing countries have a long way to trace. Even Philippines and Thailand that appeared to be very promising economies in the 1990’s, do not seem to have developed their technological capabilities substantially. While developed countries are deeply concerned with the competition emerging from developing economies, the latter must emphasize the promotion and upgrading of their own internal skills. The challenges are clearly different among them.
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Pandya, Kiran. "Agrarian structure, new technology and labour absorption in Indian agriculture : an empirical investigation of Gujarat." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336068.
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Washburn, Scott Stuart. "New technologies for data collection and their application for empirical investigation of travel time measurement issues /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10139.
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Li, Zequn LI. "Updating Bridge Deck Condition Transition Probabilities as New Inspection Data are Collected: Methodology and Empirical Evaluation." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503093114349283.
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Kang, Hoyoung. "New approaches in optical lithography technology for subwavelength resolution /." Link to online version, 2005. https://ritdml.rit.edu/dspace/handle/1850/1119.
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Schilling, Melissa A. "Technology adoption, dominant design, and new product development : a model of technological lock out and empirical test /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8841.
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Thakor, Mitali Nitish. "Algorithmic detectives against child trafficking : data, entrapment, and the new global policing network." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107039.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: Ph. D. in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 244-268).
My dissertation explores how "anti-trafficking" has emerged as a global network of humanitarian professionals, law enforcement, and software companies collaborating to address the issue of child exploitation and trafficking online. I argue that the anti-trafficking network consolidates expertise through a shared moralizing politics of bureaucracy and carceral sensibility of securitization. This network mobilizes the issue of child protection to expand the reach of technologies of search and prediction, and to afford legitimation to a newly normalized level of digital surveillance. My findings are based on three years of ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with the United Nations and anti-trafficking organizations in Thailand, with a child protection NGO and police in the Netherlands, and with software companies and law enforcement in the United States. I use two case studies to support my argument that the child protection movement has motivated the expansion of digital policing and surveillance: 1) image detection software developed in collaboration between social media and software companies and international law enforcement organizations; and 2) the design and deployment of a 3D moving avatar of a photorealistic girl used in a child sex exploitation sting operation by an NGO working with an advertising firm. I draw from queer feminist phenomenology to introduce 'proximity' as a governing concept for understanding expert sociality and digital surveillance. Child protection operates in a global affective economy of fear, in which the risk of violence is always anticipated and close. The new global policing network keeps exploitation proximate through the humanitarian ideology of emancipation that motivates child protection, and through publicity of technological campaigns, in order to produce public acquiescence to the spectacles of digital surveillance, shaming, and punishment.
by Mitali Nitish Thakor.
Ph. D. in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS)
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Vatn, Erik Sæbu, and Trond Ytre-Arne. "Towards the use of qualitative data in the valuation of new technology-based ventures." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-15051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis addresses valuation of new technology-based ventures. Its main contribution is a framework for new technology-based venture valuation based on use of both empirically identified success criteria and traditional financial valuation theory. The framework is based on the principle that new technology-based venture value is driven by venture success, and that one therefore can assess a venture’s value through assessing its’ performance on criteria indicating success. To our knowledge this is the first framework for new technology-based venture valuation using this principle.In the thesis we conduct a thorough literature review on venture success, and we identify a series of success criteria. We also assess the impact of applying traditional financial theory on the new venture market. A framework is developed based on the theoretical development and the identified criteria. A preliminary empirical investigation to verify the identified factors is also conducted, and an indication of its ability to predict success is assessed. The framework is applied in a case study, and the results are compared to reference values. Conclusions on its applicability and value are drawn.The thesis consists of two main parts. The first part is a theoretically based article aimed for publication and the second part is a report that has a more applied context. Both the article and the report cover some of the same topics, but are aimed at different audiences of readers. Both parts can be read separately.
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Dowling, Zoe Teresa. "Web data collection for mandatory business surveys : an exploration of new technology and expectations." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2006. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2169/.
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Fu, Lixin. "CubiST++ a new approach to improving the performance of ad-hoc cube queries /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2001. http://etd.fcla.edu/etd/uf/2001/ank7110/masterfinal0.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida, 2001.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 100 p.; also contains graphics. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-99).
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SCHULTZ, ALEXANDER, and MARKUS ROMEIS. "Catalyzing innovation with existing resources and new partnerships The case of the Climate Data Project." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232456.
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劉汝剛 and Yu-kong Lawrence Lau. "Can international trading business gain strategic advantage through the new information technologies?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31268961.
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Vaneman, Warren Kenneth. "The effect of implementing new technology into an existing production process." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1997. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07302009-040220/.
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Mans, Gerbrand. "Old institution meets new technology : GIS for quantifying church roles." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53535.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MA)-- tellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa today is facing many social and welfare problems. Three of which are very prominent: named HIV/Aids; unemployment; and sexual and/or violent crimes against woman and children. With churches being some of the biggest and most influential nongovernmental organizations in the country, government is increasingly acknowledging that churches have a very important role to play in order to help curb social and welfare problems in the community. One inhibiting factor keeps churches from playing the role that government is expecting of them: the roles and expected roles of churches have not been quantified sufficiently. A geographical information system was chosen to help in this process of quantification. Previous studies related to GIS being used by social and welfare services showed that this software give these service agencies a powerful new way to analyse services in relation to clients and the communities in which they operate. The crux throughout the study is the process by which it is shown how a GIS can be used and is central from the process of data gathering, storing and manipulation of the gathered data, deriving information from it, through to communicating and visualising the obtained results. Key words: geographical information systems; GIS; ArcGIS; Statistica; Microsoft Access; church; NGO; social services; social problems; welfare services; welfare problems; data base; data base management systems; geodatabase; Factor Analysis; quantification
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hedendaagse Suid Afrika is daar 'n menigte van sosiale en maatskaplike probleme. Drie van die prominentste van die probleme is MN/Vigs, werkloosheid en seksuele en/of geweldsmisdade teen vroue en kinders. Kerke is van die grootste en mees invloedryke nieregeringsorganisasies in Suid Afrika. Die regering besef al meer dat kerke 'n belangrike rol kan speel in die aanspreek van die sosiale en maatskaplike probleme van die land. Daar is egter 'n inhiberende faktor wat kerke daarvan weerhou om dié rol te speel wat die regering van hul verwag; en dit is die feit dat die rol wat kerke speel, en die rol wat die publiek verwag kerke moet speel, nog nie gekwantifiseer is nie. 'n Geografiese inligting stelsel is gekies om te help in die proses van kwantifisering. Vorige studies waar daar gekyk is na die gebruik van GIS deur sosiale en maatskaplike dienste het aangedui dat die sagteware hierdie dienste 'n effektiewe en innoverende wyse gee waardeur hul dienste ontleed en gemonitor kan word. In die studie word gewys hoe 'n GIS gebruik kan word en sentraal is in die prosesse van data insameling, stoor en manipulasie van die ingesamelde data, hoe data omgesit word in inligting en laastens die kommunikasie en visualisering van die resultate wat verkry word.
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Loukil, Faiza. "Towards a new data privacy-based approach for IoT." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les objets connectés collectent et partagent des données dans différents domaines tels que les maisons intelligentes, les réseaux de distribution d'électricité intelligents et la santé. Selon Cisco, le nombre d'objets connectés devrait atteindre 50 milliards d'ici 2030 avec une quantité de données produites d'environ cinq cents zettaoctets. Toutefois, ces données recueillies sont généralement très riches et comprennent souvent des métadonnées telles que l'emplacement, l'information temporelle et le contexte, rendant ainsi possible de déduire facilement les habitudes personnelles, les comportements et les préférences des individus. De plus, l'analyse de ces données recueillies nécessite la collaboration de plusieurs intervenants. Ainsi, en raison du niveau élevé de la sensibilité des données et du manque de confiance entre les parties impliquées dans un tel réseau, ces données ne doivent pas être partagées, sans que la vie privée du propriétaire des données soit respectée. En effet, la protection de la vie privée des données issues des objets connectés est devenue un défi majeur, en particulier avec la pression croissante de la législation. Nos travaux de recherche sont focalisés sur trois problématiques complémentaires qui sont la problématique de la modélisation des exigences de la protection de la vie privée, la problématique de monitoring les objets connectés et la garantie du respect d'une politique commune qui correspond à la fois aux préférences des propriétaires des données et aux conditions des consommateurs des données, et enfin la problématique de protection de la vie privée durant tout le cycle de vie des données générées par ces objets dans une architecture décentralisée qui élimine le besoin de faire confiance aux parties impliquées dans le réseau d'objets connectés. Afin de répondre à ces problématiques, nous avons proposé dans un premier lieu une ontologie appelée LIoPY qui modélise la métadonnée ainsi que les contraintes de manipulation des données en adéquation avec les normes et les lois de protection de la vie privée. Puis, pour aligner sémantiquement les exigences en matière de protection de la vie privée des propriétaires des données ainsi que des consommateurs des données, nous avons étendu l'ontologie par des relations sémantiques d'arborescence et des règles sémantiques d'inférence qui génèrent une politique de protection de la vie privée commune. Cette politique décrit comment les données doivent être manipulées une fois partagées avec un consommateur donné. Afin de garantir le respect de cette politique commune, nous avons introduit le framework PrivBlockchain, un framework qui implique toutes les parties intervenantes dans un réseau d'objets connectés dans la protection des données qui en sont issues lors des phases de collecte, du transfert, du stockage jusqu'à la phase de l'utilisation ou bien l'analyse. Le framework proposé repose, d'une part, sur la technologie de la blockchain d'où le support d'une architecture décentralisée, tout en éliminant le besoin de faire confiance aux parties impliquées dans le réseau d'objets connectés et, d'autre part, sur les contrats dits « intelligents » d'où le support d'une politique auto-appliquée et lisible par la machine. Son rôle est de protéger la vie privée lors des phases de collecte, du transfert, du stockage jusqu'à la phase de l'analyse des données issues des objets connectés. Enfin, nous avons validé notre proposition par l'élaboration et l'implantation d'un prototype afin de prouver sa faisabilité et analyser ses performancesThe Internet of Things (IoT) connects and shares data collected from smart devices in several domains, such as smart home, smart grid, and healthcare. According to Cisco, the number of connected devices is expected to reach 500 Billion by 2030. Five hundred zettabytes of data will be produced by tremendous machines and devices. Usually, these collected data are very sensitive and include metadata, such as location, time, and context. Their analysis allows the collector to deduce personal habits, behaviors and preferences of individuals. Besides, these collected data require the collaboration of several parties to be analyzed. Thus, due to the high level of IoT data sensitivity and lack of trust on the involved parties in the IoT environment, the collected data by different IoT devices should not be shared with each other, without enforcing data owner privacy. In fact, IoT data privacy has become a severe challenge nowadays, especially with the increasing legislation pressure. Our research focused on three complementary issues, mainly (i) the definition of a semantic layer designing the privacy requirements in the IoT domain, (ii) the IoT device monitoring and the enforcement of a privacy policy that matches both the data owner's privacy preferences and the data consumer's terms of service, and (iii) the establishment of an end-to-end privacy-preserving solution for IoT data in a decentralized architecture while eliminating the need to trust any involved IoT parties. To address these issues, our work contributes to three axes. First, we proposed a new European Legal compliant ontology for supporting preserving IoT PrivacY, called LIoPY that describes the IoT environment and the privacy requirements defined by privacy legislation and standards. Then, we defined a reasoning process whose goal is generating a privacy policy by matching between the data owner's privacy preferences and the data consumer's terms of service. This privacy policy specifies how the data will be handled once shared with a specific data consumer. In order to ensure this privacy policy enforcement, we introduced an IoT data privacy-preserving framework, called PrivBlockchain, in the second research axis. PrivBlockchain is an end-to-end privacy-preserving framework that involves several parties in the IoT environment for preserving IoT data privacy during the phases of collection, transmission, storage, and processing. The proposed framework relied on, on the one hand, the blockchain technology, thus supporting a decentralized architecture while eliminating the need to trust any involved IoT parties and, on the other hand, the smart contracts, thus supporting a machine-readable and self-enforcing privacy policy whose goal is to preserve the privacy during the whole data lifecycle, covering the collection, transmission, storage and processing phases. Finally, in the third axis, we designed and implemented the proposal in order to prove its feasibility and analyze its performances
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Chen, Xiaowei. "Does Persuasive Technology Make Smartphones More Addictive? : An Empirical Study of Chinese University Students." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299940.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the development of computer hardware, computers with persuasion have become more powerful and influential than ever. The latest trends show that Persuasive Technology integrates with cutting-edge technologies, such as Natural Language Processing, Big Data, and Machine Learning algorithms. As persuasion is becoming increasingly intelligent and subtle, it is urgent to reflect on the dark sides of Persuasive Technology. The study aims to investigate one of Persuasive Technology's accusations, making smartphones more addictive to its users. The study uses questionnaires and in-depth interviews to examine the impact of persuasive technologies on young smartphone users. Questionnaires were distributed through a university forum, student group chats, and Tencent Survey Service. Ten interviewees were sampled randomly from the survey results. Eight interviewees shared their smartphone screen time for three consecutive weeks after the interview. Among the 183 participants, 84.70% (n=155) spend over (or equal to) four hours per day on their smartphone, 44.26% (n=81) indicate that smartphones negatively affect their studies or professional life. Ten interviewees evaluated that they could reduce screen time by 37% if they could avoid all persuasive functions. Five out of eight interviewees reduced their screen time by 16.72% three weeks after the interviews by voluntarily turning off some persuasive functions on their smartphones. This study provides empirical evidence to argue that persuasive technologies increase users' screen time and contribute to the addictive behaviours of young smartphone users. Some commonly used persuasive design principles could have negative long-term impacts on users. To sum up, the ethical problems that Human- computer interaction (HCI) designers face and users' neglected rights of acknowledgement were discussed.Med utvecklingen av datorhårdvara har datorer med övertalning blivit mer kraftfulla och inflytelserika än någonsin. De senaste trenderna visar att Persuasive Technology integreras med banbrytande teknik, såsom Natural Language Processing, Big Data och Machine Learning-algoritmer. Eftersom övertalning blir alltmer intelligent och subtil, är det angeläget att reflektera över de mörka sidorna av övertygande teknik. Studien syftar till att undersöka en av övertygande teknologins anklagelser, vilket gör smartphones mer beroendeframkallande för sina användare. Studien använder frågeformulär och djupintervjuer för att undersöka effekterna av övertygande teknik på unga smartphone-användare. Frågeformulär distribuerades via ett universitetsforum, studentgruppchattar och Tencent Survey Service. Tio intervjuade slumpmässigt urval från undersökningsresultaten. Åtta intervjuade delade sin skärmtid för smarttelefonen i tre veckor i rad efter intervjun. Bland de 183 deltagarna spenderade 84,70% (n = 155) mer än (eller lika med) fyra timmar per dag på sin smartphone, 44,26% (n = 81) indikerar att smartphones påverkar deras studier eller yrkesliv negativt. Tio intervjuade utvärderade att de kunde minska skärmtiden med 37% om de kunde undvika alla övertygande funktioner. Fem av åtta intervjuade minskade skärmtiden med 16,72% tre veckor efter intervjuerna genom att frivilligt stänga av några övertygande funktioner på sina smartphones. Denna studie ger empiriska bevis för att hävda att övertygande teknik ökar användarnas skärmtid och bidrar till beroendeframkallande beteende hos unga smartphone-användare. Några vanliga övertygande designprinciper kan ha negativa långsiktiga effekter på användarna. Sammanfattningsvis diskuterades de etiska problemen som HCI-designare (Human-computer-interaktion) möter och användarnas försummade bekräftelserätt.
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Lau, Yu-kong Lawrence. "Can international trading business gain strategic advantage through the new information technologies? /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20075467.
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Howard, John M. "THE APPLICATION OF DISK RECORDING TECHNOLOGY TO PLATFORM DATA CAPTURE & ANALYSIS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605819.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaDisk Recorders now represent a high performance, low cost and reliable alternative to traditional tape recorders for a wide range of platform data recording applications. This paper discusses the latest advances in disk-based recording technology in the context of multi-channel Telemetry applications, showing the degree of flexibility that is now possible in terms of both channel count and the ability to record synchronous and asynchronous digital data streams alongside multiple wideband analog channels. The techniques described are equally applicable to Acoustic, SIGINT and Telecommunications data capture and analysis applications aboard static, airborne and maritime platforms. Topics covered include how new disk-based data capture technologies have been able to extend bandwidth, storage capacity, signal fidelity and the overall capability of mission recorders. Advanced operational issues, including true ‘read-after-write’, data security, portability and archiving, enhanced data management and analysis strategies are also covered. The Paper includes detailed test results from COTS Disk Recorders already in service as well as an informative Road Map for this exciting new technology.
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Anokhin, Sergey. "Empirical Essays on Corporate Innovation: Untangling the Effects of Corporate Venture Capital." online version, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1152821357.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2006.Department of Marketing and Policy Studies, Weatherhead School of Management. Includes bibliographical references. Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.
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Dahl, Jonatan. "Designing Interaction and Visualization for Exploration of System Monitoring Data : A design-oriented research study on exploring new ways of designing useful visualizations and interaction for system monitoring data using web technologies." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171947.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
System monitoring is a practice that is frequent within companies providing digital products to consumers and is a common way to help developers contribute to a good enduser experience by ensuring a high availability and good performance of the product. This thesis is a design-driven exploratory study on designing interaction and visualization for system monitoring data, using web technologies. The design space spans over interaction design and technical domains, exploring system monitoring data interaction and visualization from an HCI perspective as well as technical possibilities and limitations of the web platform. An artifact embodying new ideas and design visions regarding the topic is created in close collaboration with the target users. The artifact expresses possible and potentially valuable inventions regarding exploration of system monitoring data. It also emphasizes the close relationship between system monitoring and physical space and how the interaction with it can provide a useful sense of place to the data. Technical insights and good practices regarding developing performant data visualization user interfaces is also presented and motivated, where two methods providing different strengths and weaknesses are described.
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Yearwood, Maurice. "Big data : a new alternative approach to sampling in the digital age." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/274944.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Survey research plays a significant role in the way psychologists investigate key relationships which impact human behaviours—and which inform us about undercurrents of a population. Samples are generally taken with the primary function of being able to make inferences which can be generalised to the target population—however, historically the field has consistently relied on small and niche datasets which are not truly representative of the general population. As a consequence, there is an abundance of published research which lacks ecological validity. The alternative approach is to collect larger amounts of data—this approach is extremely costly and in most instances impractical for the researcher. I have termed this conundrum, the cost-insight trade-off, which has traditionally exasperated psychologists. To address this dilemma, I conducted three studies using two alternative methods. Study 1 investigated the relationship between social status and international friendships at a micro and macro level. The building social status hypothesis states that higher social status individuals would reach out more to people and have more international friendships than their poorer counterparts. In contrast, the restrictive social status hypothesis states the higher social status individuals would be reclusive and have fewer international friendships than their poorer counterparts. Findings at both the micro (N = 857; U.S. participants) and macro levels (approximately 50 billion friendships across 187 countries) were in alignment with the restrictive social status hypothesis. Investigating this relationship at this large a scope would not have been possible without utilising Facebook Data—furthermore, for most research projects collecting data at this scale is both too costly and impractical. Study 2 aims to address the limitation of study 1. In this light, a new alternative method, the Survey Forecasting Method, is introduced and used to demonstrate creative capability of combining the latest technology, machine learning techniques and big data (i.e. Twitter). The findings were proof positive that a data collection of only 1,000 participants (at minimum) can be transformed into the power of having a dataset of several hundred thousand participants. In other words, the findings suggest that it is possible to efficiently and effectively forecast scores for potentially millions of people, without them having to complete a single survey. This is a significant step towards developing an alternative survey method; however, the method has only been applied to the Big Five & NEO-IPIP personality traits. Study 3 provides further evidence for the Survey Forecasting Method as a viable alternative to traditional sampling methods. The study examined the relationship between entrepreneurs’ self-efficacy, fear of failure, and well-being at two levels: (a) self-report and forecasted individual level, and (b) forecasted state level (across all 50 U.S. states). Findings show there are differences between each level which provides insights into effects and potential mechanisms which would not potentially be found using traditional “silo’d” methods. The primary aim of this thesis is to provide a viable alternative method to conducting survey research—which allows the researcher to gain deeper insights into the population at less cost and time. Furthermore, this alternative method addresses poor data representativeness. Limitations are addressed and future directions to improve its capability and robustness as a viable survey research methodology are provided.
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Vardelly, Indra Praveen Kumar. "Provision of Reliability Data for New Technology : Approach for estimation of failure rate function for a sub-sea pump." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for produksjons- og kvalitetsteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21109.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As part of the project thesis the candidate shall work on the following. 1. Document a literature survey of relevant reliability data sources and evaluate these with respect to applicability and quality. The data sources shall, as a minimum,include OREDA, MechRel and FIDES. 2. Give a brief technical description of a subsea pump and its topside counterpart and highlight similarities and differences, technical, as well as operational and environmental. 3. Carry out an FMECA with focus on the failure causes and mechanisms for the two pumps. 4. Analyze the information found in OREDA for pump, especially related to the contribution from maintainable items and failure descriptors. 5. Identify the reliability influencing factors for both topside and subsea application and illustrate them by Bayesian networks. 6. Discuss the constant failure rate assumption made in OREDA and discuss whether or not the same assumption may be made for a subsea application. 7. Based on a literature survey, identify approaches to extrapolate data from one application to another to estimate plant specific failure rates. The survey shall, as a minimum cover the approaches outlined by Brissaud, et al(2010), proportional hazards analysis, accelerated failure-time analysis and the UPM approach. 8. Develop a new step-wise approach to provision of failure rate functions for new technology equipment in subsea applications and describe each step of the approach. Discuss the pros and cons of the suggested approach.
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Tries, Christoph. "Assessing the impacts of increasing transmission capacity on the electric power sector in New England." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117889.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-74).
This thesis explores the evolution of the electric power sector in New England under the expansion of transmission capacity and under policy with increasing Clean Energy Standards (CES). I use EleMod, a Capacity Expansion Planning model, to compare (1) the reference case of current transmission assets, (2) increasing transmission interface capacities within New England, (3) increasing interconnection capacities with Canada, and (4) both capacity expansions. Transmission expansion allows electricity trade between states and enables them to take advantage of localized, intermittent resources like wind power. Increasing the interconnection capacity with Canada allows the system to optimally allocate the available hydropower energy for imports in the hours of highest net demand. Both transmission expansions together make even stronger use of their contributions. For the capacity expansion model, I choose a set of generation technologies available in New England, and supply cost and operational data from public domain sources. My contributions to EleMod include: (1) the representation of transmission interfaces for New England; (2) the addition of an CES policy standard forcing generation shares from a subset of CES-eligible resources; (3) the modeling of an external hydro reservoir resource in Canada that can be used to supply the load in New England based on cross-border interconnection constraints and the total available energy per year; and (4) the detailed state-level representation of the New England power sector with generation technologies, installed capacities, transmission interface capacities, and CES targets. Policy scenarios increase CES from an average of 25% in 2018 in the base scenario to 95% in 2050 in the decarbonization scenario. Through all policy scenarios, combined-cycle gas plants (GasCC) with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology dominate the capacity expansions. Increases in transmission capacity lead to higher shares of wind in generation, especially when both transmission and interconnection are expanded. Natural gas, in the form of GasCC with and without CCS, takes shares of the generation mix of up to 85% by 2050. Thus, I also assess the role of pipeline capacities into New England. Because other natural gas uses like residential heating demand have priority over generators, gas-fired power plants cannot expect to meet all their demand during critical periods of shortage in the winter. However, this issue is part of a larger integrated resource planning process. Both transmission and interconnection expansion reduce total system costs by an annual 3.95% and 4.29%, respectively. Because transmission costs are not included in the model, I separately assess the costs and benefits of both transmission expansion scenarios. Transmission expansions from Maine to Massachusetts of 2,000 MW and interconnection expansions to Canada of 3,000 MW and 4,500 MW from Maine and Vermont, respectively, allow for optimal allocation of flows across lines in over 90% of the hours. For interconnection, the calculation estimates costs to be about 1% higher than the benefits, and for transmission within the region the benefits exceed the costs by about 40%.
by Christoph Tries.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
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Booyens, Johann Grebe. "The software ideated plate : towards designing a new relationship of integration between digital technology and the intaglio process." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1329.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Graphic Design in the Faculty of Informatics and Design at
the Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyThis study investigates the application and use of the latest graphic design software technologies to help plan and ideate the intaglio printmaking process. This is significant as intaglio is a 600 year old process which has evolved little, if any, in the last few hundred years although it was born from technology. Furthermore, the intaglio process relies on mental visualisation of the final artwork, making the real outcome and the planned outcome dissimilar. Students of intaglio printmaking are often surprised or disappointed by the printed result due to the lack of efficient planning. There are several ways in which software influences the creative process, including enhancing visualisation and communication, premature fixation, circumscribed thinking and bounded ideation. In this research, computer software is used as a simulator to facilitate the planning process in order to minimise the disconnect between visualisation and outcome, and serve as learning instrument. The use of digital computer technologies has been a highly debated issue in printmaking as there exists a rift between printmakers; those who embrace and explore new technologies and those who reject new methods in favour of traditional means. New technologies in printmaking offer exciting opportunities, both innovative and creative, but these new technologies are often seen as alternative or auxiliary methods of printmaking compared to traditional ways. Since these debates have been buried but not necessarily resolved, this study reinvigorates some of these perspectives and seeks a common middle ground. This study does not argue for, or against computer technology, but rather for a third paradigm: technology can coexist with intaglio without compromising the beauty and authenticity of hand processes. Computer technologies, therefore, serve as a facilitator to amplify the traditional intaglio hand process. However, the issue of discussion in this thesis is not hybrid printmaking but rather a hybrid mode of thinking in the printmaking discipline. This iterative design experiment consists of a written dissertation and intaglio printed artworks which inform and complement each other. The theoretical foundation of the art practice is found in the Bauhaus slogan: “Art and technology: a new unity”. Art and technology form the basis of the theory and the theme of entropy – the process of degeneration – is illustrated in the design artefacts. This theme shows process and illustrates the idea of a positive agent: the interference of computer in intaglio to instil new energy and value not only to keep it alive, but position it as an important skill necessary for growth in the knowledge-based economy. Furthermore, this study contributes to the scholarly discussion of design’s conceptual skills (ways of thinking) in order to enhance production capabilities (ways of making).
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Toregozhina, Aizhan. "Resiliency of interdependent gas and electricity systems : the New England case." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104823.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages [61]-[65]).
According to the Presidential Policy Directive 21, the natural gas and the power systems should be able to recover quickly following a disaster and also be able to anticipate high-impact, low-probability events, rapidly recover, and absorb lessons for adapting its operation and structure for preventing or mitigating the impact of similar events in the future. All of this brings in a growing need for resiliency as the natural gas and electricity systems need to have robust recovery strategies in the face of physical, environmental, cybernetic, security or societal threats. The importance of gas and electricity system resilience increases even further, as the interdependency of the two sectors deepens, especially here in New England, where natural gas now accounts for 50% of region's total power plant capacity. In this thesis, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model of integrated gas and electricity system is used to do contingency analysis and determine components of both systems that are critical to improve resilience. The model's main contribution is that it represents gas dynamics accurately. Using this model, we looked at several threats at the junction of gas and electricity systems. Based on the model results, higher line-pack, and pressures, as well as additional compressor capacity investments, were shown to improve system resiliency. The model could be used as a decision support tool for policy-makers to do contingency analysis of gas-electricity systems.
by Aizhan Toregozhina.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
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Kim, Esther S. "New financing and business models to accelerate the development of novel therapeutics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111315.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 119-125).
Many obstacles contribute to the uncertainty and risk associated with early drug development, leading to the "valley of death" in which promising drug candidates experience difficulties in reaching the market. These challenges have serious consequences for patient populations facing significant unmet medical needs. In this paper, we highlight three models that offer innovative financing mechanisms or new business models for early stage biopharmaceutical assets. Specifically, we evaluate and profile examples of venture philanthropy and academic-industry partnerships as sources of financial capital for early stage assets. In addition, we identify a "one-disease" business model in biotechnology that can mitigate risk and accelerate the translation of biomedical research into novel therapeutics. The three examples highlight the potential for creative mission-driven models to speed up drug development and provide capital in the earliest, and often riskiest, stages of drug development. These models are collaborative and leverage the expertise of the various stakeholders in the process, including patient advocates, private sector drug developers, and academic researchers.
by Esther S. Kim.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
42
Luke, Max N. "Promoting innovation in electricity distribution networks : new tools for regulators and planners." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108214.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-61).
Recent years have seen an unprecedented increase in the adoption of distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution networks around the world. In most jurisdictions the increase in DERs has been met with a "fit and forget" network management approach whereby grid planners accommodate these resources by expanding the capacity of the network with conventional technologies. However, the continued use of a "fit and forget" network management approach will lead to large inefficiencies compared to a network management approach in which DERs play an active role in the planning and operation of distribution networks. The transition to actively managed distribution networks, however, will require the development and deployment of a variety of new technologies and systems, and a sea change in the roles of electricity distribution utilities and in the ways in which utilities are regulated. The objective of this thesis is to equip regulators and network planners with a set of tools that, if adopted, will aid these organizations in transitioning from a passively managed to an actively managed network management paradigm. First, tools are presented for enabling network utilities to invest in the least-cost mix of conventional and unconventional network resources. These include regulatory tools for equalizing incentives for operational and capital expenditures, as well as a quantitative methodology that can aid planners in assessing the least-cost mix of conventional and unconventional investments. Second, regulatory tools are presented for enabling network utilities to adequately invest in specific outcomes that are not directly linked to economic efficiency but that will nonetheless be important for the transition to actively managed networks. Finally, regulatory tools are presented for encouraging distribution utilities to engage in long-term innovation - that is, investment in demonstration projects, as well as the technological learning that emerges from those projects and dissemination of knowledge and best practices between network utilities, technology providers, technology users, and other market participants.
by Max N. Luke.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
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Garcia, Natanya. "Anti-circumvention technology legislation in Canada : drafting a new law in the wake of the DMCA." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19625.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In becoming a signatory to the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Treaties, Canada has undertaken the obligation to provide protection against the circumvention of technological measures designed to protect copyright works. While on its face the obligation appears simple, in reality it brings about an intersection of policy, law and technology; a complex situation with far reaching repercussions. The U.S., a co-signatory to the WIPO Treaties, responded to this tension by enacting the Digital Milennium Copyright Act (DMCA), which heavily regulated circumvention technology and garnered wide-spread criticism. Critics labeled the law as unpredictable and overbroad legislation, which has chilled free speech, violated fair use, stifled research and study and encouraged monopolies by eliminating competition. Drawing largely on the U.S. experience, this thesis aims to suggest a possible route for Canada to take when fulfilling its own obligations under the WIPO. It will begin with a review of the relevant provisions of the Treaties to determine the extent of Canada's obligation. It will then examine Canada's proposal papers and the responses of its citizens to the questioned posed regarding future anti-circumvention legislation. It will also examine the DMCA in detail and attempt to distil its flaws. Finally, it will investigate the extent of the need for new anti-circumvention legislation in Canada by examining Canada's existing laws dealing with the protection of technology measures. Such process will provide evidence that Canada has, to a large extent, complied with its obligations under the WIPO while maintaining the delicate balance between the stakeholders of copyright law. Thus while new anti-circumvention legislation may still be in order, Canada has the latitude to craft a law that fully recognizes the rights of all stakeholders in the copyright equation and is consistent with its own copyright policies.
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Kalkan, Almina, and Johanna Wiss. "Alleviating poverty with new technology? : A field study of the implications of a new agriculture production methodin Zambia and the factors affecting its adoption." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Economics and Economic History, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54685.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
New technology and new innovations have for long been considered as a spring for growth. Conservation farming (CF) is a new production method introduced in rural Zambia and previous research shows that it increases yields and improves soil fertility. Even though the method is proven more efficient than conventional agriculture, only approximately 10 % of Zambia’s farmers have adopted the method. The purpose of this study is to discuss the implications of the introduction of CF on the capabilities of farmers and on economic growth. Furthermore, the study aims to explore why CF, which is proven to be more economically efficient than the conventional method, is not adopted to a larger extent in Zambia.
A qualitative study of 25 farmers, farming with either CF or conventional methods, was performed in the region of Mumbwa, Zambia. The results were divided depending on whether the farmers were using the new method or not. To analyze the selected material theories were chosen that regard economic growth and technological change, the adoption process of new innovations, incentive creation and the expansion of capabilities.
The two groups showed differences in age, the size of their land, how many crops they grew and to what extent they were working for others or hiring labor. The conclusion from the small sample of farmers is that the farmers using CF had been able to expand their capabilities in different ways. They had food for all the year, the new method allowed them to plan their time better and it was more environmentally sustainable than the old method. The negative aspect of CF is that it is not compatible with the old method in terms of social norms. CF leads to a more efficient use of capital and labor and therefore it can increase the economic growth. In terms of a new innovation, CF seems to have a relative advantage over the old method but it must be spread to a larger group of farmers to reach a breakthrough. To create a higher adoption rate of the method the farmers’ perception must be taken into account.
Minor Field Study (Sida)
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Chivarar, Sonia, and Haithem Hamdi. "Technology Convergence and Open Innovation : An Empirical Study on How Nexus of Forces Influences the Open Innovation Environment." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Informatik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-23980.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study is conducted within the domains of technology convergence and Open Innovation environment. Two frameworks have been adopted in the study, namely; Nexus of Forces and Capability-Based Framework for Open Innovation. The first purpose of the investigation was to identify to what extent and in what ways does Nexus of Forces affects the knowledge capabilities within the Open Innovation environment. The second purpose of the investigation was to identify what practical implications does Nexus of Forces brings to the Open Innovation practices. The investigation was conducted on a single company – Swisscom – by following a case study strategy. The methodological approach for collecting the data was a mixed method approach with concurrent embedded strategy. The study has focused mainly on qualitative data and the quantitative data was nested with the focus to strengthen the findings. For the primary data collection, 6 respondents were selected, Expert A and Expert B for interviews and 4 managers for survey. In regard to the first purpose, our findings have shown that practices of Nexus of Forces have strategical implications on the process of managing knowledge capabilities. The extents of the NoF implications are through a direct and indirect level for the departments, which work with Open Innovation projects and at meta-level for the higher organizational structures within the company. In regard to the second purpose, our findings have shown that practices of Nexus of Forces have tactical implications on the Open Innovation practices. The final outcome of the study is a theoretical model that displays the strategical and tactical implications of Nexus of Forces on the knowledge capabilities and Open Innovation practices within the Open Innovation environment.
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Caringe, Andreas, and Erik Holm. "The Auditor’s Role in a Digital World : Empirical evidence on auditors’ perceived role and its implications on the principal-agent justification." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324752.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most of the theory that concerns auditing relates to agency theory where auditors' role is to mitigate the information asymmetry between principals and agents. During the last decade, we have witnessed technological advancements across the society, advancements which also have affected the auditing profession. Technology and accounting information systems has decreased information asymmetry in various ways. From an agency theory point of view, this would arguably reduce the demand for auditing. In the same time, the audit profession is expanding into new business areas where auditors perform assurance services. The purpose of this paper is to investigate auditors' role in a technological environment. Interviews have been used to explore auditors' perception of the role. The result indicates that auditors' role still is to mitigate principal-agent conflicts, though, information asymmetries are expanding to comprehend more and to a wider stakeholder group due to technology. The end goal is still the same, that to provide trust to the stakeholders, technology enable new ways of reaching there and broadens the scope towards systems and other related services. That is the perceived role of auditors in today´s technological environment.
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Jin, Ruoming. "New techniques for efficiently discovering frequent patterns." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1121795612.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 170 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 160-170). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Brinckmann, Jan. "Competence of top management teams and success of new technology-based firms a theoretical and empirical analysis concerning competencies of entrepreneurial teams and the develeopment of their ventures /." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 2007. http://d-nb.info/981216455/04.
Повний текст джерела
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Krishna, Chetan S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The impacts and management of outdoor-sourced PM2.5 in New Delhi's buildings : a simulation approach." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 129-147).
New Delhi (and India more broadly) is noted for extremely high levels of ambient PM2.5, caused by a pattern of rapid urbanization and economic growth. As a large proportion of Indian buildings employ natural- or mixed-mode ventilation, and citizens in New Delhi spend up to 80% of their time indoors, the response of buildings to outdoor-sourced PM2.5 is a major, but relatively under-investigated concern. While much past work in this area has focused on characterizing indoor-outdoor pollutant concentration ratios under different conditions and studying the important question of exposure to cooking related PM2.5 emissions, building dynamical behavior, the feasibility of ventilation control strategies and air purification to reduce indoor PM2.5 concentrations have not been examined in detail. This gap is mirrored in the lack of enforcement of standards for indoor air quality and ventilation in India. In this work, a multi-zone building simulation program, CoolVent, is developed further to incorporate pollutant transport modeling and to consider the effects of urban environments on the driving mass transfer and heat exchange processes by using a mix of methods including a computational fluid dynamics approach to arrive at wind pressure coefficients. The adapted program and simulation framework is used to examine the behavior and performance of archetypal residential buildings in New Delhi and determine the efficacy of control strategies in reducing indoor PM2.5 levels to acceptable international standards. The results suggest that under representative conditions, buildings largely fail to provide healthy environments and hourly average indoor concentrations of PM2.5 closely follow ambient levels, which can exceed 300 [mu]g/m3. Under conditions of strict ventilation control, cooking-related ventilation, use of high efficiency particulate air filtration and limited infiltration through the building envelope, indoor PM2.5 levels may be limited below a threshold of 75 [mu]g/m3 even during periods of very high ambient pollutant concentrations. These findings have implications for building response and operation, urban and indoor air quality management and building codes. Options are discussed for policymakers to reduce exposure to PM2.5 within buildings and enable building occupants to manage their environments better. These span increasing access to appropriate filtration and low-cost air quality monitoring and information, and improvements to building codes. As ambient pollutant levels can be the primary drivers of indoor exposure to PM2.5 for large parts of a typical year, means for reducing PM2.5 emissions from a dominant source, vehicle exhaust, are evaluated.
by Chetan Krishna.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
50
Brinckmann, Jan. "Competence of top management teams and success of new technology-based firms : a theoretical and empirical analysis concerning competencies of entrepreneurial teams and the development of their ventures /." Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2007. http://www.myilibrary.com?id=134428.
Повний текст джерела