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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

McQUEEN, KENNETH G. "EARLY THEORIES AND PRACTICALITIES ON GOLD OCCURRENCE IN AUSTRALIA." Earth Sciences History 40, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 409–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-40.2.409.

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The discovery of gold in Australia forced many changes to theory on the occurrence and origin of gold deposits. Initial discoveries appeared to confirm existing ideas on the global distribution of gold-bearing terrains. Later discoveries and research would show that this confirmation was largely coincidental, but nevertheless helpful in early prospecting. Prior to the first Australian gold rush, theoretical predictions of payable gold were made by Sir Roderick Murchison and Rev. W. B. Clarke based on knowledge of accidental gold finds and geological analogy with known areas of significant gold occurrence, particularly the Ural region in Russia. These predictions were overwhelmed when Edward Hargraves, realised he might be able to spark a gold rush that would prove the existence of payable gold. Hargraves travelled to the Bathurst region of New South Wales where numerous gold finds had already been made and with local guides, prospected Lewis Ponds Creek and the Macquarie River. He demonstrated the methods of alluvial mining, to John Lister and William and James Tom enabling them to find sufficient alluvial gold to initiate a gold rush. The crowd of attracted diggers demonstrated the existence of a payable goldfield. The unstoppable first rush resulted in the pragmatic introduction of government regulation and administration to allow alluvial gold mining. Other discoveries of payable goldfields quickly followed. As the local scientific expert on gold, W. B. Clarke was commissioned to conduct two extensive surveys of the goldfields between 1851 and 1853. Clarke also drew on his geological knowledge to provide practical advice to the thousands of prospecting gold diggers. Gold-bearing quartz reefs and lodes were discovered, but it was predicted that these could not be mined economically. Theory also predicted that the reef gold would not continue to depth. Practical observations and mining experience from the numerous discoveries led to revision of the widely held dicta on gold occurrence. Alluvial gold was found in a range of settings, including the recent drainage and ancient and buried leads. A wider variety of rock types was recognised as favourable for gold. Different styles of reef gold were identified and found to be economically mineable to great depth. Evolving ideas on the origin of gold deposits were widely discussed, tested, and refined. Of the many players involved in the early discovery of gold in Australia, Clarke, Hargraves and Murchison probably had the greatest overall influence in terms of theoretical predication and practical outcomes that initiated the Australian gold-mining industry.

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2

Driver, Toby G., Barry C. Burnham, and Jeffrey L. Davies. "Roman Wales: Aerial Discoveries and New Observations from the Drought of 2018." Britannia 51 (May 26, 2020): 117–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x20000100.

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ABSTRACTThis paper provides description and context for some of the discoveries made by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales during aerial reconnaissance in the drought conditions of the summer of 2018. New discoveries include two marching camps, three auxiliary forts and a remarkable series of stone buildings outside the fort at Pen y Gaer. The photographs also clarify the plan of several known villas as well as identifying some potential villa sites and enclosure systems of probable Romano-British date in south-eastern, south-western and north-western Wales. The recognition of a new road alignment south of Carmarthen is suggestive of another coastal fort at or near Kidwelly.

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3

Loy-Wilson, Sophie. "Coolie Alibis: Seizing Gold from Chinese Miners in New South Wales." International Labor and Working-Class History 91 (2017): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547916000338.

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AbstractThis article examines debates over Chinese indentured labor in the Australasian colonies at the height of the gold rushes. It does so through the testimony of Chinese gold miners who protested the seizure of their gold by customs officials in Sydney Harbour. As a result of these protests, a “New South Wales Select Committee into the Seizure of Gold from Chinese Miners” was established in 1857 to investigate customs law and “coolie” rights. The findings of this committee uncovered Chinese and white settler memories over failed coolie transportation schemes, revealing the ways in which the legacies of coolie migration continued to shape understandings in the Australian colonies of law, labor rights, and fair taxation well after the cessation of such schemes in the 1840s. The archive of Chinese grievance against the colonial state, preserved in testimonies given to the select committee, reveal the long shadow of slavery in the British Empire, the complexities of multiracial communities, and the role of law and legal institutions in shaping both.

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4

Lawrence, L. J. "Auriferous limonitic stalactites from the Bimbimbie Gold Mine, New South Wales." Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 15 (October 16, 1992): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0812-7387.15.1992.82.

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5

Mustard, Roger. "Granite-hosted gold mineralization at Timbarra, northern New South Wales, Australia." Mineralium Deposita 36, no. 6 (September 1, 2001): 542–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001260100188.

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6

Bottomer, L. R. "Epithermal silver‐gold mineralization in the Drake area, northeastern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 33, no. 4 (December 1986): 457–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120098608729384.

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7

Gray, Nigel, Alex Mandyczewsky, and Richard Hine. "Geology of the zoned gold skarn system at Junction Reefs, New South Wales." Economic Geology 90, no. 6 (October 1, 1995): 1533–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.90.6.1533.

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8

Fengjun, NIE, JIANG Sihong, ZHAO Shengmin, and David COOKE. "Ordovician Intrusive-related Gold-Copper Mineralization in West-Central New South Wales, Australia." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 74, no. 4 (September 7, 2010): 807–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2000.tb00497.x.

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9

Rickard, M. J., K. G. McQueen, and P. Hayden. "Structural controls on the Cowarra gold deposit near Bredbo, southeastern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 43, no. 2 (April 1996): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099608728248.

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10

Hooper, B., P. S. Heithersay, M. B. Mills, J. W. Lindhorst, and J. Freyberg. "Shoshonite‐hosted endeavour 48 porphyry copper‐gold deposit, Northparkes, central New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 43, no. 3 (June 1996): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099608728255.

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11

Miles, I. N., and M. R. Brooker. "Endeavour 42 deposit, Lake Cowal, New South Wales: A structurally controlled gold deposit." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 45, no. 6 (December 1998): 837–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099808728439.

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12

Khoo, Tseen, and Rodney Noonan. "Going for gold: Creating a Chinese heritage festival in Nundle, New South Wales." Continuum 25, no. 4 (July 29, 2011): 491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2011.575217.

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13

Wilkins, Colin, and Mike Quayle. "Structural Control of High-Grade Gold Shoots at the Reward Mine, Hill End, New South Wales, Australia." Economic Geology 116, no. 4 (June 1, 2021): 909–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4807.

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Abstract The Reward mine at Hill End hosts structurally controlled orogenic gold mineralization in moderately S plunging, high-grade gold shoots located at the intersection between a late, steeply W dipping reverse fault zone and E-dipping, bedding-parallel, laminated quartz veins (the Paxton’s vein system). The mineralized bedding-parallel veins are contained within the middle Silurian to Middle Devonian age, turbidite-dominated Hill End trough forming part of the Lachlan orogen in New South Wales. The Hill End trough was deformed in the Middle Devonian (Tabberabberan orogeny), forming tight, N-S–trending, macroscopic D2 folds (Hill End anticline) with S2 slaty cleavage and associated bedding-parallel veins. Structural analysis indicates that the D2 flexural-slip folding mechanism formed bedding-parallel movement zones that contained flexural-slip duplexes, bedding-parallel veins, and saddle reefs in the fold hinges. Bedding-parallel veins are concentrated in weak, narrow shale beds between competent sandstones with dip angles up to 70° indicating that the flexural slip along bedding occurred on unfavorably oriented planes until fold lockup. Gold was precipitated during folding, with fluid-flow concentrated along bedding, as fold limbs rotated, and hosted by bedding-parallel veins and associated structures. However, the gold is sporadically developed, often with subeconomic grades, and is associated with quartz, muscovite, chlorite, carbonates, pyrrhotite, and pyrite. East-west shortening of the Hill End trough resumed during the Late Devonian to early Carboniferous (Kanimblan orogeny), producing a series of steeply W dipping reverse faults that crosscut the eastern limb of the Hill End anticline. Where W-dipping reverse faults intersected major E-dipping bedding-parallel veins, gold (now associated with galena and sphalerite) was precipitated in a network of brittle fractures contained within the veins, forming moderately S plunging, high-grade gold shoots. Only where major bedding-parallel veins were intersected, displaced, and fractured by late W-dipping reverse faults is there a potential for localization of high-grade gold shoots (>10 g/t). A revised structural history for the Hill End area not only explains the location of gold shoots in the Reward mine but allows previous geochemical, dating, and isotope studies to be better understood, with the discordant W-dipping reverse faults likely acting as feeder structures introducing gold-bearing fluids sourced within deeply buried Ordovician volcanic units below the Hill End trough. A comparison is made between gold mineralization, structural style, and timing at Hill End in the eastern Lachlan orogen with the gold deposits of Victoria, in the western Lachlan orogen. Structural styles are similar where gold mineralization is formed during folding and reverse faulting during periods of regional east-west shortening. However, at Hill End, flexural-slip folding-related weakly mineralized bedding-parallel veins are reactivated to a lesser degree once folds lock up (cf. the Bendigo zone deposits in Victoria) due to the earlier effects of fold-related flattening and boudinage. The second stage of gold mineralization was formed by an array of crosscutting, steeply W dipping reverse faults fracturing preexisting bedding-parallel veins that developed high-grade gold shoots. Deformation and gold mineralization in the western Lachlan orogen started in the Late Ordovician to middle Silurian Benambran orogeny and continued with more deposits forming in the Bindian (Early Devonian) and Tabberabberan (late Early-Middle Devonian) orogenies. This differs from the Hill End trough in the eastern Lachlan orogen, where deformation and mineralization started in the Tabberabberan orogeny and culminated with the formation of high-grade gold shoots at Hill End during renewed compression in the early Carboniferous Kanimblan orogeny.

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14

Lickfold, V., D. R. Cooke, S. G. Smith, and T. D. Ullrich. "Endeavour Copper-Gold Porphyry Deposits, Northparkes, New South Wales: Intrusive History and Fluid Evolution." Economic Geology 98, no. 8 (December 1, 2003): 1607–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.8.1607.

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15

Jones, Benjamin T. "Currency Culture: Australian Identity and Nationalism in New South Wales before the Gold Rushes." Australian Historical Studies 48, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2016.1250789.

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16

Perkins, C., I. McDougall, and J. L. Walshe. "Timing of shoshonitic magmatism and gold mineralization, Sheahan‐Grants and Glendale, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 39, no. 1 (February 1992): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099208728004.

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17

Allibone, A. "Gold mineralisation and advanced argillic alteration at the Dobroyde prospect, central New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, no. 6 (December 1997): 727–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099708728350.

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18

DAWES, LAURA L. "‘Just a Quack Who Can Cure Cancer’: John Braund, and Regulating Cancer Treatment in New South Wales, Australia." Medical History 57, no. 2 (March 21, 2013): 206–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2012.103.

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AbstractIn 1948 the New South Wales government instituted an inquiry into the claims of John Braund – a 78-year-old self-described ‘quack’ – that his secret treatment had cured 317 cancer sufferers. The ‘Braund controversy’, as it became known, was one of Australia’s most prominent cases of medical fraud. This paper examines that controversy and its effects on cancer philanthropy, medical research, and especially on legislation regulating treatment providers up to the present. With the Braund controversy in mind, the New South Wales (NSW) parliament struggled to develop legislation that would protect patients and punish quacks but also allow for serendipitous, unorthodox discoveries. Recent decades saw new elements added to this calculus – allowing a wide-ranging health marketplace, and allowing patients to choose their therapies. This paper argues that the particular body of law legislatures used in regulating cancer treatment and how regulations were framed reflected the changing context of healthcare and illustrates the calculus legislatures have undertaken in regulating the health marketplace, variously factoring in public safety, serendipitous discovery, the authority of orthodox medicine, patient choice, and economic opportunity.

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19

Banks, Maxwell R., Eric A. Colhoun, and David Hannan. "Early Discoveries of the Effects of Ice Action in Australia." Journal of Glaciology 33, no. 114 (1987): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002214300000873x.

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Abstract The effects of past glaciation in what is now Australian territory were first recognized on Macquarie Island, probably by David Ramsay, in 1821. The recognition by Darwin in 1836, and reporting by Milligan in 1848 of ice-transported pebbles and boulders in late Palaeozoic marine rocks in Tasmania, showed on the one hand participation in and on the other familiarity with the controversy in Great Britain at that time on the origin of erratics and drift currents. Reports by Clarke (1852), Daintree in 1859, Selwyn (1860), and Gould (1860) of the effects of land ice on Mount Koscuisko (New South Wales), Bacchus Marsh (Victoria), Inman Valley (South Australia), and the Central Highlands (Tasmania), respectively, reflect the increasing recognition in Great Britain of the erosional and depositional effects of glaciers. Daintree, Selwyn, and Gould were all closely connected with A.C. Ramsay, the main British protagonist of the glacial theory at the time, whereas David Ramsay and Milligan were probably influenced by Robert Jameson of Edinburgh.

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20

Banks, Maxwell R., Eric A. Colhoun, and David Hannan. "Early Discoveries of the Effects of Ice Action in Australia." Journal of Glaciology 33, no. 114 (1987): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s002214300000873x.

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AbstractThe effects of past glaciation in what is now Australian territory were first recognized on Macquarie Island, probably by David Ramsay, in 1821. The recognition by Darwin in 1836, and reporting by Milligan in 1848 of ice-transported pebbles and boulders in late Palaeozoic marine rocks in Tasmania, showed on the one hand participation in and on the other familiarity with the controversy in Great Britain at that time on the origin of erratics and drift currents. Reports by Clarke (1852), Daintree in 1859, Selwyn (1860), and Gould (1860) of the effects of land ice on Mount Koscuisko (New South Wales), Bacchus Marsh (Victoria), Inman Valley (South Australia), and the Central Highlands (Tasmania), respectively, reflect the increasing recognition in Great Britain of the erosional and depositional effects of glaciers. Daintree, Selwyn, and Gould were all closely connected with A.C. Ramsay, the main British protagonist of the glacial theory at the time, whereas David Ramsay and Milligan were probably influenced by Robert Jameson of Edinburgh.

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21

Deen, Tara, and Karsten Gohl. "3‐D tomographic seismic inversion of a paleochannel system in central New South Wales, Australia." GEOPHYSICS 67, no. 5 (September 2002): 1364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1512741.

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Buried paleochannels are of significant interest for understanding hydrological mechanisms and their potential as alluvial gold deposits. Seismic tomographic methods are a suitable solution for resolving the vertical and horizontal structure of such features. We assess a method for seismic 3‐D tomographic inversion from refraction arrivals with reflection control over a suspected paleochannel adjacent to the Wyalong gold fields in the Lachlan fold belt of central New South Wales, Australia. A standard multichannel engineering seismic recording and cable–receiver system was used on a 3‐D field geometry of multiple linear arrays. More than 3000 P‐wave first‐arrival traveltime values were inverted using a regularized inversion scheme for which simplified 2‐D models served as initial velocity–depth models for the complete 3‐D inversion. Seismic reflection arrivals provided additional depth estimates to the bedrock and compensated for a lack of refraction phases at that depth. Correlating the 3‐D seismic velocity–depth data with existing drillhole and nonseismic geophysical data resulted in a detailed structural and compositional interpretation of the paleochannel and the incised regolith. The model suggests the presence of a system of deposits from meandering channels overlying a metasedimentary bedrock formation. The general paleodrainage deposit is relatively conductive in electromagnetic surveys, indicating a potential saline storage or transport mechanism.

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22

Parnaby, H., and D. Mills. "A Record of the Gold-tipped Bat from the Escarpment Forests of Southern New South Wales." Australian Zoologist 29, no. 3-4 (December 1994): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.1994.013.

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23

Reith, F., and D. C. McPhail. "Effect of resident microbiota on the solubilization of gold in soil from the Tomakin Park Gold Mine, New South Wales, Australia." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70, no. 6 (March 2006): 1421–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.11.013.

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24

Blevin, J. E. "EXPLORATION HIGHLIGHTS FOR 2006." APPEA Journal 47, no. 2 (2007): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj06056.

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Key business indicators show an upward trend in exploration activity in Australia during 2006. The year was marked by fluctuating high oil prices, a strong uptake of acreage in most basins, and increased levels of drilling activity and seismic acquisition. Market demand for product, production infrastructure and the fruition of several development projects have pushed the level of exploration activity in both offshore and onshore basins. Despite this trend and the spread of tenements, almost all petroleum discoveries made during 2006 were located within 15 km of existing (but often undeveloped) fields.The Carnarvon Basin continued to be the focus of most offshore exploration activity during 2006, with the highest levels of 3D seismic acquisition and exploration/appraisal/development drilling in the country. Discoveries in the Carnarvon Basin also covered the broadest range of water depths—extending from the oil and gas discoveries made by Apache on the inboard margin of the Barrow Subbasin, to the deepwater gas discoveries at Clio–1 and Chandon–1 by Chevron. Several large gas discoveries were made in the Carnarvon and Bonaparte basins and provide significant tie-back opportunities to existing and planned infrastructure. The Bonaparte Basin also saw significantly increased levels of 2D and 3D seismic acquisition during 2006. Onshore, the Cooper/Eromanga basins continued to experience the highest level of drilling activity and seismic acquisition, while maintaining an overall high drilling success rate. For the first time in many years, data acquisition also occurred in frontier basins like the Daly (Northern Territory), Darling (New South Wales), Tasmanian (Tasmania) and Faust/Capel basins (Lord Howe Rise region).Coal seam methane (CSM) exploration maintained a strong performance in 2006, particularly in Queensland, while South Australia, Queensland and Victoria continue to lead the way with large tracts of acreage gazetted for geothermal energy exploration.

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25

Lu, Jianchun, Philip K. Seccombe, and C. Stewart Eldridge. "SHRIMP S-isotope evidence for fluid mixing during gold mineralization in a slate-belt gold deposit (Hill End, New South Wales, Australia)." Chemical Geology 127, no. 1-3 (January 1996): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(95)00095-x.

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26

McQueen, Kenneth G., and Caroline Perkins. "The nature and origin of a granitoid-related gold deposit at Dargue's Reef, Major's Creek, New South Wales." Economic Geology 90, no. 6 (October 1, 1995): 1646–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.90.6.1646.

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27

Downes, Peter M. "Yerranderie a Late Devonian Silver?Gold?Lead Intermediate Sulfidation Epithermal District, Eastern Lachlan Orogen, New South Wales, Australia." Resource Geology 57, no. 1 (March 2007): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2006.00001.x.

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28

Reith, F., D. C. McPhail, and A. G. Christy. "Bacillus cereus, gold and associated elements in soil and other regolith samples from Tomakin Park Gold Mine in southeastern New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 85, no. 2 (February 2005): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2004.11.001.

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29

Cohen, Alan. "Mary Elizabeth Barber, Some Early South African Geologists, and the Discoveries of Diamonds." Earth Sciences History 22, no. 2 (January 1, 2003): 156–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.22.2.25055065g1263034.

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The second generation of those Britons who had emigrated to the Cape Colony of South Africa in 18201 included a number of people who had transcended the basic requirements of establishing a subsistence among the relatively inhospitable social, economic, and agricultural climate of their new homeland. They became interested in the scientific study of the nature of their surroundings and in their spare time became keen amateur natural historians, geologists, archaeologists, and ethnologists. Those more intrepid amongst them sought to explore the unknown interior and in the process discovered the vast mineral wealth of the country, in particular diamonds, gold, and coal. This article seeks to show how one small group of people based around Grahamstown in the Eastern Province of the colony were involved in some of these discoveries, and especially the early discovery of diamonds in the Transvaal. Most of the group were connected in some way with Mary Elizabeth Barber (1818-1899), the daughter of a British gentleman sheep-farmer who arrived in South Africa in 1820. She became a well-known contemporary artist, poet, and natural historian, corresponding with several leading British scientists such as Sir Joseph Hooker and Charles Darwin. Her scientific papers were published, amongst others, by the Linnean Society of London, the Entomological Society of London, and the South African Philosophical Society.

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30

MURPHY, STEPHEN A. "Revisiting the Bujang Valley: A Southeast Asian entrepôt complex on the maritime trade route." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 28, no. 2 (November 8, 2017): 355–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186317000505.

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AbstractIn the early 1830s and 1840s, a British colonial official by the name of Colonel James Low uncovered evidence for an early culture with Indic traits in a river system known as the Bujang Valley. On the west coast of the Thai-Malay peninsula, the Bujang Valley is today located in the Malaysian state of Kedah. However, it wasn't until just before World War II that excavations took place, conducted by H. G. Quaritch Wales and his wife Dorothy. Their discoveries and subsequent publications led to the first real attempts to explain the origins and extent of this civilisation and its place within the larger South and Southeast Asian world. In the intervening years between Quaritch Wales's excavations and the present day, considerably more research has taken place within the Bujang Valley, though this has not been without controversy. Recently claims and counter-claims regarding the antiquity of Hinduism and Buddhism at the site have arisen in some quarters within Malaysia. It therefore seems pertinent that this material be re-evaluated in light of new scholarship and discoveries as well as the prevailing paradigms of interactions between South and Southeast Asia. This paper presents an updated reading of this material and argues that the Bujang Valley should be seen as a cosmopolitan trading port with substantive evidence for the presence of Hinduism and Buddhism.

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31

Crabb, Peter, Brendan Dalton, Hugh Craig, and Alexis Antonia. "The enigmatic Bartholomew Lloyd alias Frederick Dalton: identity and mobility during the gold rush era in New South Wales." History Australia 16, no. 2 (April 3, 2019): 358–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2019.1591926.

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32

McQueen, K. G., Aung Pwa, and J. C. van Moort. "Geochemical and electron paramagnetic characteristics of quartz from a multi-stage vein environment, Cowarra gold deposit, New South Wales." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 72, no. 3 (June 2001): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-6742(01)00162-5.

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33

DUCKER, SOPHIE C., and T. M. PERRY. "James Fleming: the first gardener on the River Yarra, Victoria." Archives of Natural History 13, no. 2 (June 1986): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1986.13.2.123.

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James Fleming, a convict gardener, was a member of the party in the Colonial Schooner Cumberland, on a journey of exploration to Bass Strait and Port Phillip Bay in 1802 and 1803; they were the first Europeans to visit the northern part of the Bay and discovered the River Yarra. The acting Surveyor General of N.S.W., Charles Grimes mapped the whole Bay. Fleming wrote a journal of the expedition and the descriptions of the country on Grimes's map. Later in 1803, he compiled a list of plants introduced into the colony of New South Wales and returned to England on H.M.S. Glatton in charge of a collection of Australian plants and seeds: A note sets the work of the Cumberland's expedition in the context of early discoveries and charting of Port Phillip Bay.

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Heithersay, Paul S., and John L. Walshe. "Endeavour 26 North; a porphyry copper-gold deposit in the Late Ordovician, shoshonitic Goonumbla volcanic complex, New South Wales, Australia." Economic Geology 90, no. 6 (October 1, 1995): 1506–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.90.6.1506.

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Wilson, Alan J., David R. Cooke, and Benjamin L. Harper. "The Ridgeway Gold-Copper Deposit: A High-Grade Alkalic Porphyry Deposit in the Lachlan Fold Belt, New South Wales, Australia." Economic Geology 98, no. 8 (December 2003): 1637–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.8.1637.

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Wilson, A. J., D. R. Cooke, and B. L. Harper. "THE RIDGEWAY GOLD-COPPER DEPOSIT: A HIGH-GRADE ALKALIC PORPHYRY DEPOSIT IN THE LACHLANFOLD BELT, NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA--A REPLY." Economic Geology 100, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/100.1.0177.

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Holliday, John, Alan Wilson, Philip Blevin, Ian Tedder, Paul Dunham, and Michael Pfitzner. "Porphyry gold-copper mineralisation in the Cadia district, eastern Lachlan Fold Belt, New South Wales, and its relationship to shoshonitic magmatism." Mineralium Deposita 37, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 100–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-001-0233-8.

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Taylor, Benedict. "Trees of Gold and Men Made Good? Grand Visions and Early Experiments in Penal Forestry in New South Wales, 1913-1938." Environment and History 14, no. 4 (November 1, 2008): 545–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096734008x368439.

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Downes, P. M., P. K. Seccombe, and G. R. Carr. "Sulfur- and lead-isotope signatures of orogenic gold mineralisation associated with the Hill End Trough, Lachlan Orogen, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogy and Petrology 94, no. 3-4 (May 15, 2008): 151–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00710-008-0012-7.

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Coda, Andrea, Julie Jones, Debra Grech, and Davinder Singh Grewal. "Survey of parent and carer experiences and expectations of paediatric rheumatology care in New South Wales." Australian Health Review 41, no. 4 (2017): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah16061.

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Objective The aim of the present survey of parent and carers was to document the level of care and services currently provided to children diagnosed with rheumatic diseases (RD) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Methods The survey included parents and carers of children presenting to paediatric rheumatology (PR) services in NSW. Subjects attending PR clinics in both public and private settings were invited to participate in an online or paper survey. Results Overall, 148 surveys were completed. The process of obtaining the diagnosis of RD was described as being ‘difficult’ or ‘very difficult’ by 56.1% (n = 83) of the surveyed cohort, and 41.2% (n = 61) saw four or more different clinicians before diagnosis. Between symptom onset and final diagnosis, 42.6% (n = 63) of participants reported a delay of 5 months or more, and 16.9% (n = 25) waited longer than 12 months. Eventually, 91% (n = 134) were referred to a paediatric rheumatologist and 63.5% (n = 94) were seen within 4 weeks from initial referral. More than half the respondents felt that general practitioners (GPs) and general paediatricians were not aware of RD. Overall, respondents felt that improved knowledge of PR diseases among GPs, improved access to PR clinics, improved educational materials for patients and families, access to speciality rheumatology nurses and coordinated rheumatology teams would have significantly improved the experience of their child’s disease. Conclusions Children with RD in NSW still experience significant delays from symptom onset to final diagnosis through consultations with multiple healthcare professionals. Multidisciplinary team care was not the norm for this patient group, despite established national and international management standards. What is known about the topic? Early diagnosis and management by a multidisciplinary team is the gold standard in PR management. Delays in diagnosis may significantly impair the outcomes of children diagnosed with RD, with reduced quality of life, increased pain level and worse long-term prognosis. What does this paper add? Children diagnosed with RD in NSW endure significant delays from symptom onset until a final diagnosis is made, with multiple consultations with different healthcare professionals. When the referral to PR services in NSW is made, RD children are mostly seen within 4 weeks, faster than other international standards. GPs and paediatric rheumatologists in NSW helped improve the children’s and their family’s experience of the diagnosis and treatment of a rheumatic condition and better informed them using appropriate educational materials. What are the implications for practitioners? This paper provides new evidence to practitioners to increase their knowledge of the current experiences and expectation of the paediatric rheumatology care in NSW.

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Barr, William. "Searching for Franklin from Australia: William Parker Snow's initiative of 1853." Polar Record 33, no. 185 (April 1997): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400014467.

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AbstractIn 1853 William Parker Snow (who had earlier participated in an expedition to search for the missing Franklin expedition in what is now the Canadian Arctic) decided to sink the money he had made in Melbourne during the Australian gold rush into a private expedition to search for Franklin, starting from Melbourne. In the southern autumn of 1853, he bought a 16-ton cutter, The Thomas, and, despite the handicaps of exorbitant prices and shortage of labour, fitted the vessel out for an Arctic expedition during the continuing frenzy of the gold rush. After calling at Sydney, The Thomas started north but encountered a series of violent winter gales that damaged her severely and forced Snow to seek shelter in the mouth of the Clarence River in northeastern New South Wales. By the time the storm damage had been repaired, all but two of Snow's men had deserted. Still in hopes of trying again, Snow sailed his cutter back south to Sydney and there finally abandoned this, one of the more bizarre episodes of the Franklin search.

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Banješević, Cvetković, von Quadt, Ljubović Obradović, Vasić, Pačevski, and Peytcheva. "New Constraints on the Main Mineralization Event Inferred from the Latest Discoveries in the Bor Metallogenetic Zone (BMZ, East Serbia)." Minerals 9, no. 11 (October 31, 2019): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9110672.

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This study aims at better constraining the link between magmatism and metallogeny in the south-easternmost sector of the Bor Metallogenetic Zone (BMZ), where the world-class copper and gold deposit of Čukaru Peki was recently discovered. The obtained U/Pb zircon ages confirm the earlier knowledge that the major Cu–Au porphyry and epithermal mineralization in the BMZ is genetically related to the first volcanic phase (‘Timok andesite’; 85–90 Ma). However, the data also suggest that during this phase, two subgroups of andesite porphyry were formed; they are named volcanic phase 1A (V1A) and volcanic phase 1B (V1B). The V1A andesite (89–90 Ma) is plagioclase-hornblende phyric, holocrystalline and ubiquitously hydrothermally altered and/or mineralized, whereas the V1B (85–86 Ma) is hornblende-plagioclase phyric, holo- to hypocrystalline, fresh, and non-mineralized. According to our simplified model, the contrasting productivity of the V1A and V1B is explained by fluctuations during AFC (assimilation-fractional crystallization) processes of water-rich parental magma, which have controlled the order of crystallization of hornblende and plagioclase in the V1A and V1B andesite.

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Smith, Raymond E. "THE RIDGEWAY GOLD-COPPER DEPOSIT: A HIGH-GRADE ALKALIC PORPHYRY DEPOSIT IN THE LACHLAN FOLD BELT, NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA—A DISCUSSION." Economic Geology 100, no. 1 (January 2005): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/100.1.0175.

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Zukowski, W., D. R. Cooke, C. L. Deyell, P. McInnes, and K. Simpson. "Genesis and Exploration Implications of Epithermal Gold Mineralization and Porphyry-Style Alteration at the Endeavour 41 Prospect, Cowal District, New South Wales, Australia." Economic Geology 109, no. 4 (March 17, 2014): 1079–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.109.4.1079.

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MacLeod, Roy. "Of Men and Mining Education: The School of Mines at the University of Sydney." Earth Sciences History 19, no. 2 (January 1, 2000): 192–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.19.2.r471574657lj2m7h.

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Colonial Australian science grew by a process of transplantation, adaptation, and innovation in response to local conditions. The discovery of gold in 1851, and the location of vast resources of other minerals, transformed the colonies, as it did the imperial economy. In this process, the role of mining engineering and mining education played a significant part. Its history, long neglected by historians, illuminates the ways in which the colonial universities sought to guide and direct this engine of change, conscious both of overseas precedent and local necessity. This paper considers the particular circumstances of New South Wales, and the role of the University of Sydney, in seizing the day—and producing a degree—that lasted nearly a century.

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Cox, Ron, and Daniel Howe. "TWEED RIVER ENTRANCE AND BYPASS SEDIMENT DYNAMICS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (October 9, 2012): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.sediment.67.

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A sediment budget analysis model was applied to the Tweed River entrance, and was used to evaluate different coastal management scenarios. Construction of training walls at the Tweed River entrance resulted in the accretion prior to 1994 of an estimated 7 million m3 along Letitia Spit, New South Wales (to the south), and erosion of beaches at the Gold Coast, Queensland (to the north). The Tweed River Entrance Sand Bypassing Project (TRESBP) was established in 1994 and is responsible for bypassing sand from south to north, through dredging campaigns and a permanent bypass jetty. The Inlet Reservoir Model was developed by Kraus (2000) as a tool to analyse morphology changes at inlets. The inputs for the model were the estimated monthly longshore sediment transport rate, and the monthly pumping and dredging volumes from the TRESBP. Side-scan sonar surveys of the entrance bathymetry were used to validate the model over the period from 2000 to 2009. The validated model was used to examine bypass pumping strategies to manage the Letitia and Gold coast beaches, maintain navigability and minimise dredging costs. According to the model results, annual bypass pumping needs to be less than 325,000 m3 to manage the recovery of the Letitia Spit shoreline, and annual dredging of approximately 125,000 m3 is required to maintain full navigability in the Tweed River entrance.

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Malehmir, Alireza, Hans Thunehed, and Ari Tryggvason. "The Paleoproterozoic Kristineberg mining area, northern Sweden: Results from integrated 3D geophysical and geologic modeling, and implications for targeting ore deposits." GEOPHYSICS 74, no. 1 (January 2009): B9—B22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3008053.

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The Kristineberg mining area in the western part of the Paleoproterozoic Skellefte Ore District, northern Sweden, is well known for its base-metal and recent gold discoveries. A pilot 3D geologic model has been constructed on a crustal scale, covering an area of [Formula: see text] to depths of [Formula: see text]. Constrained 3D inverse and forward gravity modeling have been performed to confirm and refine previous modeling along seismic profiles using mainly 2.5D techniques. The 3D inverse gravity modeling was geared to generating isodensity surfaces that enclose regions within the model of anomalous density contrast. The 3D forward gravity modeling was conducted to include faulting and folding systems that are difficult to include in the inversion. The 3D geologic model supports many previous interpretations but also reveals new features of the regional geology that are important for future targeting of base-metal and gold deposits. The margins of a thick granite in the south dip steeply inward, suggesting the possibility of room to accommodate another large base-metal deposit if the granitic rocks are juxtaposed with volcanic rocks at depth. Gravity modeling also suggests the observed Bouguer gravity high within the western metasediments can be explained by a large mafic intrusion that has dioritic to tonalitic composition and no significant magnetic signature. Because mafic-ultramafic intrusions within metasediments can indicate gold, this interpretation suggests the western metasediments have a high gold potential.

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Coleman, D., and R. Blackburn. "Eighteenth-century West African insects in the Macleay Museum, University of Sydney." Archives of Natural History 44, no. 2 (October 2017): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2017.0455.

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Henry Smeathman (1742–1786), best known for his essay on the west African termites, travelled to Sierra Leone in 1771 to collect naturalia for a group of wealthy sponsors. One of these sponsors, Dru Drury (1724–1803), was keen on African insects. Drury later described and illustrated many of these in the third volume of his Illustrations of natural history (1782). Two years after Drury died, his collection was auctioned in London. A key purchaser at this sale was Alexander Macleay (1767–1848), later appointed Colonial Secretary to New South Wales. His insects travelled with him to Sydney and are now in the Macleay Museum, University of Sydney. A number of these insects, collected by Smeathman and despatched from Sierra Leone, appear to be extant in the Macleay Museum. Chief of our discoveries is the type specimen for Goliathus drurii originally figured by Drury in Illustrations of natural history, volume 3, plate XL (1782). By matching other extant insects to the text and illustrations in the same volume we believe we have found type specimens for Scarabaeus torquata Drury, 1782 , and Papilio antimachus Drury, 1782 .

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Steel, Duncan. "Asteroid Discovery Efficiencies for Telescope Systems at Siding Spring." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 12, no. 2 (August 1995): 202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323358000020282.

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AbstractRelative efficiencies for the discovery of Earth-crossing asteroids (ECAs) are modelled for various telescopes at Siding Spring. It is found that the narrow-field instruments—the Anglo-Australian Telescope and the 40 in and 2·3m reflectors—are not competitive in this regard for present CCD imaging systems. The UK Schmidt Telescope (UKST), if used to take short-exposure stereo pairs of photographs, would be an effective search tool, outperforming all current systems apart from the Ground-based Electro-Optical Deep Space Surveillance (GEODSS) systems now being implemented by the US Air Force for ECA searches. If a CCD mosaic were fitted to the UKST, its performance would far exceed that of any other device at Siding Spring, and it would produce ECA discoveries at a rate around 3–4 times as high as GEODSS, but at considerable expense. The most sophisticated search instrument currently in use is the University of Arizona’s Spacewatch telescope; a notable result found here is that even with its present CCD, the Automated Patrol Telescope (APT) of the University of New South Wales would be able to match or outperform Spacewatch for all ECA sizes, including ~10m objects, should this modelling be a reasonable representation of its real performance. In terms of cost-effectiveness and telescope availability, the conclusion arrived at herein is that the APT, equipped with small-pixel but large-format CCD chips of high quantum efficiency, would be an extremely effective ECA search instrument: if operated with 12 μm pixel chips covering a 4° × 4° field it might produce ECA discoveries at a rate well in excess of the combined rate for all current search programs.

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Militký, Jiří, and Melinda Torbágyi. "The Hoard of Celtic Coins from Deutsch Jahrndorf (Austria, 1855)." Památky archeologické 112 (December 1, 2021): 237–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35686/pa2021.5.

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The Deutsch Jahrndorf (Burgenland, Austria) hoard was discovered in 1855. It contained Bratislava Celtic coinage – gold denominations and silver tetradrachms of the Biatec group. Altogether, 163 coins have been studied either by autopsy or from their earlier publications; originally however, they were surely more numerous. Although the treasure was discovered south of the Danube, 15 km away from the Bratislava oppidum acropolis, there is no doubt about its direct association with this site. Its contents provide a unique insight into the production of gold denominations, both anepigraphic and with the legends BIATEC or BIAT. Silver tetradrachms of the Biatec group include the majority of known die combinations. The Deutsch Jahrndorf hoard represents a unique source for better understanding the Bratislava coin production. Based on our present state of knowledge of the late La Tène chronology, the hoard was probably concealed in the third quarter of the 1st century BC; a more precise date cannot be established. New discoveries of Roman style constructions on the Bratislava oppidum acropolis help us better understand the phenomenon of relations between the Roman Republic and local Celtic elites; the detailed study of the hoard in question contributes to this topic from the numismatic point of view.

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