Дисертації з теми "New Household Economics"
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Le, Tollec Agnès. "Finding a New Home (Economics) : Towards a Science of the Rational Family, 1924-1981." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASN006.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation traces the displacement of family economics from the periphery to the center of economics. I show that in the early twentieth century, most economists viewed the family as ruled by social norms – tradition, customs and morals. Accordingly, they did not regard the study of the family as coming within the scope of economics. Women economists who had an interest in family were able to create a separate family economics field within home economics departments in the late 1920s and early 1930s. This field explored the structural constraints on household behavior and was geared towards increasing family welfare. Because household behavior seemed so different from market behavior and because it was a female field, studies on the family remained marginal within economics. After World War II, economists began to interest themselves in consumption and from the 1960s they accounted for a wide range of family behaviors using a utility maximization framework. As family economics became mainstream, it was masculinized
Yoon, Kyoungsoo. "Essays on the Effect of Household Debt and Housing Wealth on the U.S. Economy." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306431573.
Повний текст джерелаTu, Tina. "New Zealand household debt is it too high? a dissertation submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business (MBus), 2008 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/478.
Повний текст джерелаBusson, Henri. "Four essays on location choice : theoretical and experimental studies." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1G019.
Повний текст джерелаSeveral problems such as spatial inequalities between regions and spatial segregation within cities arise from households’ location choices. The purpose of this dissertation is to address these problems with theoretical and experimental studies. To begin, a laboratory experiment has been conducted in order to understand under which conditions different urban structures emerge. Indeed, in the U.S., spatial segregation occurs and the richer households are located in the suburbs while the poor ones are located downtown. The opposite pattern is observed in several major European cities. It appears in our study that the ratio ‘transportation costs/demand for land’ is a key factor for explaining these two types of segregation. Then, a theoretical model is used to reproduce several types of urban structures, where poor and rich households are located in the same neighborhoods. The theory predicts that policy interventions can lead to very different outcome. Then, the spatial distribution of human capital among regions is studied. Because skilled workers are mainly attracted toward wealthier regions, economic growth is lower in the poorer regions and spatial inequalities increase. The theoretical model predicts that it is possible to bring back the skilled workers in poor regions because there exists complementarities between skilled and unskilled workers. Indeed, the presence of unskilled workers enhances skilled workers' productivity, making their return more profitable. To finish, a laboratory experiment has been conducted to study consumers' behavior. Because in New Economic Geography models, the existence of a representative consumer is often assumed. The relevance of this hypothesis is tested. It appears that the existing models do not take enough into account heterogeneity in tastes among the consumers
Moellman, Nicholas S. "ESSAYS ON TRANSFER-PROGRAM INTERACTIONS AMONG LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/economics_etds/36.
Повний текст джерелаMurray, Thomas. "New techniques for estimating household climate preferences (and the benefits and costs of climate change)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4272/.
Повний текст джерелаHove, Tsitsi T. "International migration and poverty alleviation: Understanding how remittances help in alleviating poverty in Zimbabwean households. A case study of Epworth, Zimbabwe." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7741.
Повний текст джерелаOver the past years, Zimbabwe has witnessed enormous amounts of economic challenges which have forced many to migrate out of the country in search of better living conditions and employment. The money and goods sent by migrant workers to their families have become very important in alleviating poverty in Zimbabwean households. However, there are a few studies that have been conducted at a household level to explore the role of remittances in alleviating poverty in Zimbabwe. This research examines the role that remittances play in alleviating poverty at a household level in Zimbabwe by using a case study of Epworth remittance-receiving households in Zimbabwe. The main objective of this research is to explore how the remittances sent to the poor households increase their income level and human capital in order to reduce their poverty level. The research mainly focuses on the New Economics of Labour Migration Theory (NELM) to understand the meaning of international migration and its link to remittances. A qualitative research method was used to provide experiences of the households who receive remittances. The information was collected through one on one interviews which were conducted in Epworth to 14 participants who received remittances and one focus group discussion with 6 participants. The study found out that majority of households in Epworth that receive remittances depend solely on the money sent to them by their loved ones, which help them meet their basic needs such as food, clothes and proper sanitation. The qualitative data analysis also showed that the remittances sent to the families increase human capital through the payment of school and hospital fees. However, the participants that were interviewed highlighted that they faced challenges of accessing cash remittances, especially through formal channels. It was established that the majority of households prefer using informal channels to receive their cash because of the presence of long queues at the banks and shortage of hard cash. Policymakers in Zimbabwe need to come up with strategies that will allow easy access to remittances and also encourage migrants to use formal channels which are safe and accountable.
White, J. M. "Education, economic development and social change in Papua New Guinea : A study of households' educational strategies in the Rai Coast District." Thesis, University of Reading, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373769.
Повний текст джерелаPaumgarten, Fiona. "The significance of the safety-net role of NTFPS in rural livelihoods, South Africa /." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/871/.
Повний текст джерелаPouliquen, Victor. "The Impact of Economic Institutions on Small Firms in Developing Countries." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0190.
Повний текст джерелаIn many developing countries, economic institutions are failing. This translates into structural problems such as widespread informality, rampant corruption and the impossibility for governments to raise taxes. This thesis study how economic policies affect economic institutions in developing countries. It focuses on two broad questions: (1) What are the effects of policies to reduce informality? and (2) how are new technologies reshaping the way governments collect taxes?The first chapter uses a randomized experiment to study the introduction of a new legal status in Benin, created to make it easier for small firms to become formal. To make this new status attractive, the government added supplementary incentives designed to enhance the presumed benefits of formalizing. We find that few firms register when just given information about the new regime, but our full package of supplementary efforts boosts formalization by 16.3 percentage points. However, this formalization does not bring firms higher sales, profits or access to credit, and the cost of formalizing these firms exceeds the added taxation they will pay over the next decade. We show how better targeting of these policies towards firms that look more like formal firms to begin with can increase the formalization rate and improve cost-effectiveness. The second chapter studies the impact of formalization on intra-household relationships, still in Benin. The idea behind this chapter is that formalization changes effective property rights by clarifying who in the household is the legal owner of the business and who will keep it in case of divorce. The causal effect of formalization is identified using the same random experiment used for the first chapter. We find first that formalization increases entrepreneurs' (both male and female) control over household revenue. They contribute proportionally less to household expenditures and to the personal expenses of their partner. Second, using a behavioral game, we find strong gender differential effects of formalization on the probability that entrepreneurs pay to hide a windfall transfer from their spouse. Female entrepreneurs are much more likely to pay to hide, while male entrepreneurs are much less likely to do so. Using a theoretical model, we show that this result is compatible with the idea that women entrepreneurs are constrained and cannot invest as much as they would like in their own business. Women who became formal hide the windfall transfer more because they have more property rights and want to invest more in their business. Our conclusion is that formalization has important effects on intra-household dynamics.The third and final chapter of this thesis deals with the second question and examines how internet is changing the way taxes are collected. Specifically, we study the impact of electronic tax filing (e-filing) for small firms to replace in-person submission of paper-based forms to tax officials. We examine the impact of e-filing on compliance costs, tax payments, and bribes payments using experimental variation and data from Tajikistan firms. We find that firms that e-file have lower compliance costs, spending five fewer hours each month on fulfilling tax obligations. There are no significant average effects of e-filing on tax or bribe payments, but significant heterogeneity exists across firms by their baseline likelihood of tax evasion. Among firms previously more likely to evade, e-filing doubles tax payments, likely by disrupting collusion with officials. Conversely, among firms less likely to have been evading, e-filing reduces tax payments, suggesting that officials had previously required them to pay more. These firms also pay fewer bribes, as e-filing reduces opportunity for extortion. Our conclusion is that e-filing reduces compliance costs and makes the distribution of tax payments across firms arguably more equitable
Takaoka, Marcelo Vespoli. "Ativos para a geração de renda mensal de longo prazo: fatores preponderantes para a decisão de investimento, expectativas dos investidores e ferramentas de avaliação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-01072009-140358/.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims: [i] to establish the predominant factors in the decision-making of investment in assets capable of generating long-term income; [ii] to develop tools for evaluating the investment to assist in the decision-making, and [iii] to identify the expectations of investors, with the aim of building a set of assumptions for the development of products more tailored to their desires. This is done through comparative analysis with other opportunities for investment, which takes into account the expectations, mood, and cultural, rational, and emotional characteristics of the investor and the environment that surrounds him. To this end, it is necessary to expand the knowledge in the field of analysis of the investors behavior, based on his perception and expectations about the investment opportunity for the generation of \"long-term monthly income\" (RMLP). We need to understand better the roots of the needs, desires, and aspirations of human beings, and diversity resulting from the particular characteristics of each individual who lives in a modern and organized society, in a world that is evolving very quickly, with scarcity of natural resources and energy, and that presents great changes in the structure of society, of economic sciences, knowledge and work, and who at his core, seeks the happiness in what he thinks is best, especially for himself and his family.
Kay, Ethan Jeremy. "Playing with fire : an MNC's inability to translate its market logic in a culturally complex exchange setting in rural India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c35eb4e5-71c9-466a-9420-0b4c7d0679db.
Повний текст джерелаMINARDI, ANDREA. "Sicurezza alimentare nei Paesi in Via di Sviluppo: il caso studio del progetto “Produzione di cibo appropriato; sufficiente, sicuro e sostenibile"." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/67851.
Повний текст джерелаFood Insecurity (FI) affects especially poor rural people that rely on Subsistence Agriculture in developing countries. With the purpose to help the community that living in that conditions, in 2012 the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and the Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi have started the “Production of appropriate food: safe sufficient and sustainable” project. The project aims to open Pilot Center in agreement with local Diocese to promote the Agricultural production Intensification agriculture and Diets that are sustainable (ethical, economic and environmental). The project is active in India (Meghalaya State) and the Democratic Republic of Congo (Lomami Province). Helped by the local team, information was collected on production and diets habits. An analysis of the impact that the project had on food security (availability and access) of the families involved was carried out on these data. Number of Chicken (India) and Household Dietary Diversity Score - HDDS (India and DRC) as a proxy for food availability and access, were respectively utilised. Thus, we used different Propensity Score Match approach (Logit + Nearest Neighbour and GenMatch) to evaluate the ATT (average treatment effect on the treated group). Regarding India, the number of chickens bred (as food availability) and the HDDS (food access) were analyzed. While the number of chickens bred is positive but not significant, the HDDS values of smallholder farmers involved in the project did not improved. Moving to DRC, only the HDDS was analyzed. In this case, the project had a positive impact on beneficiary families, but it was not significant. The results point out that diet improving (HDDS) advances the production, both in quality and quantity, but is not a sufficient condition per se. Furthermore, it is also essential to enhance the educational path which focuses on nutritional issues and the access to food from market.
Hutaserani, Suganya. "Rural labor markets and fertility in Thailand : an extension of the new household economics to integrate institutional and supply-side aspects." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9611.
Повний текст джерелаCombrink, Hermanus Adriaan. "Selected factors significantly influencing net equity value in the South African household's statement of financial position." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20239.
Повний текст джерелаCentre for Accounting Studies
M. Com. (Accounting Science)
Hale, Joshua Travis. "Subnational economic inequality in the United States 1969–2008 : new metrics and connections to electoral behavior." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-08-1754.
Повний текст джерелаtext
Zahid, Hamza. "Labor Supply and Time Allocation in Remittance-Receiving Households: Evidence from Rural Pakistan." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/15779.
Повний текст джерелаArgaw, Tilahun Girma. "Coping mechanisms of food insecure households in urban Ethiopia." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26833.
Повний текст джерелаDevelopment Studies
Ph. D. (Development Studies)
Lonkeng, Ngouana Constant Aimé. "Essays in theoretical and applied macroeconomics." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6065.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis includes three independent essays in the fields of macroeconomics, monetary economics and international finance. In the first essay, I build a new Keynesian DSGE model to examine the implications for monetary policy of household production. The proposed theory helps reconcile the relatively strong response of output to monetary policy shocks as suggested by VAR-based evidence and the low degree of price rigidity found in micro data. The second essay analyzes the role of structural transformation (the reallocation of labor across sectors overtime) in shaping the volatility of aggregate output across countries. Finally, the third essay illustrates the importance of trade patterns in choosing between a single currency peg and a peg to a composite basket of currencies. “Household Production, Services and Monetary Policy” (Chapter 1) builds on the observation that consumer services (unlike consumer nondurable) have close substitutes at home. Households may therefore switch between consuming home and market service as the real wage (the opportunity cost of working at home) changes. To study the implications of this arbitrage for monetary policy, I embed a household sector into an otherwise standard two-sector (a nondurable good sector and a service sector) new Keynesian DSGE model. The fact that households are able to produce services at home makes service sector’s firms more reluctant to change their price. This translates into an extra endogenous shift term in the new Keynesian Phillips that is increasing with the extent of substitutability between home and market services. This increased nominal rigidity endogenously amplifies the output response to monetary policy shock, especially in the service sector, which is consistent with VAR-based evidence in the paper that consumer services are more interest-rate sensitive than consumer nondurables. “Structural Transformation and the Volatility of Aggregate Output: A Cross-country Analysis” (Chapter 2) is based on the evidence of a negative relationship between the employment share of the service sector and the volatility of aggregate output, which I obtain after controlling for several factors (including the level of financial development). This aggregate result is driven by sectoral labor productivity differentials: Labor productivity is substantially more volatile in agriculture and manufacturing than in services. Aggregate output would therefore become mechanically more stable as labor shifts away from agriculture and manufacturing, and toward the service sector. To quantify this conjecture, I first calibrate a model of structural transformation (secular reallocation of labor across sectors) to the U.S. economy, which I use to match the time path of labor shares in agriculture, manufacturing and services across OECD countries. The model is subsequently used to conduct a set of counterfactual experiments in which labor is endogenously constrained from moving across sectors. Computations suggest that the shift of labor toward the services sector is indeed volatility-reducing. “Exchange Rate Volatility under Alternative Peg: Do Trade Patterns Matter?” (Chapter 3) is a contribution to the literature on the choice of exchange rate regimes. I use monthly bilateral exchange rate and external trade data from 1980 to 2010 for the member countries of the Western African and Monetary Union (WAEMU). These countries have their common currency (the CFA franc) pegged to the French franc since the mid-40s and to the euro since its introduction in 1999. At the time of the initial peg arrangement, France accounted for most of the external trade of WAEMU countries. Since then, and more notably since the early 2000s, the trade patterns of these countries shifted briskly away from France and other Euro area countries and towards the BICs (China in particular). The chapter finds that a peg to a composite basket of currencies would have led to a less volatile effective exchange rate over the last decade compare to the current hard peg. This chapter, however, does not derive an optimal exchange rate for WAEMU countries, which is an important area for further research.