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1
Morgan, Francesca. "Lineage as Capital: Genealogy in Antebellum New England." New England Quarterly 83, no. 2 (June 2010): 250–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq.2010.83.2.250.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The lives of two women and three men in antebellum Massachusetts and New Hampshire demonstrate that genealogical practices buttressed class distinctions and that genealogists researched lineages that best fit their definitions of propriety. Documented seventeenth-century lineages constituted social capital. Yet genealogy showed also that class could be made as well as inherited.
2
Hoy, Joann. "Updating the Botanical Record with the New Hampshire Botanical Club." Rhodora 122, no. 989 (May 21, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3119/19-23.
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3
KLIMASZEWSKI, JAN, DONALD S. CHANDLER, ANTHONY DAVIES, and CAROLINE BOURDON. "Aleocharine rove beetles of New Hampshire, USA: new taxa and new records (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae)." Zootaxa 5364, no. 1 (November 6, 2023): 1–141. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5364.1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on the specimens housed primarily in the University of New Hampshire Insect Collection (UNH) and the Canadian National Collection (CNC), we present here a comprehensive faunal review of aleocharine beetles of the state and provide new distribution and natural history data. We report 252 species from New Hampshire belonging to some 74 genera in 15 tribes; 159 of these constitute new New Hampshire state records (NSR), of which 37 (excluding new species and including 1 New York record) constitute new country distribution records (NCR) for the USA. In addition, we provide 36 new state records for ME, with 5 of these species not yet known from NH, seven new state records for MA, two new state records for PA and VT, and one each for CT, DE, MI, NC, NY (also a NCR), OH, and OK. One new genus, Belladonna Klimaszewski and Chandler is erected, and nine species are described as new to science (alphabetical order): Agaricomorpha hampshirensis Klimaszewski and Chandler, sp. n., Atheta ellisi Klimaszewski and Chandler sp. n, Atheta monroe Klimaszewski and Chandler, sp. n., Atheta struyvei Klimaszewski and Chandler sp. n, Belladonna barryi Klimaszewski and Chandler, sp. n., Belladonna fortieri Klimaszewski and Chandler, sp. n., Colusa smetanai Klimaszewski and Chandler, sp. n., Philhygra pinkhami Klimaszewski and Chandler sp. n., and P. pseudomagniceps Klimaszewski and Chandler, sp. n. Undescribed females of Aleochara daviesi Klimaszewski and Brunke, and Silusa langori Klimaszewski, are described and illustrated. Illustrations of Atheta (Tetropla) tubericauda Bernhauer are provided for the first time, based on a male from New Hampshire. A new combination is proposed for Atheta (Dimetrota) mcalpinei Klimaszewski and Webster.
4
Connolly, James J., and Lex Renda. "Running on the Record: Civil War-Era Politics in New Hampshire." Journal of American History 85, no. 2 (September 1998): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2567820.
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5
Ruggles, Steven, Catherine A. Fitch, and Evan Roberts. "Historical Census Record Linkage." Annual Review of Sociology 44, no. 1 (July 30, 2018): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073117-041447.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For the past 80 years, social scientists have been linking historical censuses across time to study economic and geographic mobility. In recent decades, the quantity of historical census record linkage has exploded, owing largely to the advent of new machine-readable data created by genealogical organizations. Investigators are examining economic and geographic mobility across multiple generations and also engaging many new topics. Several analysts are exploring the effects of early-life socioeconomic conditions, environmental exposures, or natural disasters on family, health, and economic outcomes in later life. Other studies exploit natural experiments to gauge the impact of policy interventions such as social welfare programs and educational reforms. The new data sources have led to a proliferation of record linkage methodologies, and some widespread approaches inadvertently introduce errors that can lead to false inferences. A new generation of large-scale shared data infrastructure now in preparation will ameliorate weaknesses of current linkage methods.
6
Miller, William R., Bryan A. Connolly, and Douglas Cygan. "A New Record of Invasive Mile-A-Minute VinePersicaria perfoliata(Polygonaceae) In New Hampshire." Rhodora 120, no. 982 (April 2018): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3119/17-16.
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7
Hamburg, Steven P., Matthew A. Vadeboncoeur, Andrew D. Richardson, and Amey S. Bailey. "Climate change at the ecosystem scale: a 50-year record in New Hampshire." Climatic Change 116, no. 3-4 (July 18, 2012): 457–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0517-2.
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8
Grant, Andrea N., Alexander A. P. Pszenny, and Emily V. Fischer. "The 1935–2003 Air Temperature Record from the Summit of Mount Washington, New Hampshire." Journal of Climate 18, no. 21 (November 1, 2005): 4445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3547.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Meteorological observations have been taken continuously at the summit of Mount Washington since 1932. Results of an analysis of the air temperature record over the 1935–2003 period show a statistically significant increase in mean temperature of ∼0.3°C, while the diurnal temperature range has decreased by ∼0.15°C. The decadal structure evident in the record reveals that, in contrast to North American trends, the summit experienced relatively cool temperatures in the 1940s. The late 1980s and early 1990s were relatively warm on the summit, in agreement with North American decadal trends. The times of daily maximum and minimum temperatures show that the summit climate is dominantly influenced by boundary layer processes 30% of the time and free air circulation 50% of the time. No evidence of a “weekend effect” was found.
9
Spaulding, Jay. "The Chronology of Sudanese Arabic Genealogical Tradition." History in Africa 27 (January 2000): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172119.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modern nationalisms first arose during the later eighteenth century around the wide periphery of the ancient heartland of western culture and gnawed their way inward during the course of the nineteenth century to the core, culminating in World War I, Each new nationalism generated an original “imagined community” of human beings, part of whose ideological cohesion derived from a sense of shared historical experience. Since the actual historical record would not necessarily satisfy this hunger, it was often found expedient to amend the past through acts of imagination aptly termed the “invention of tradition.”One of the many new “imagined communities” of the long nineteenth century took shape in the northern Nile-valley Sudan between the final disintegration of the old kingdom of Sinnar (irredeemable after the death of the strongman Muhammad Abu Likaylik in 1775) and the publication of Harold MacMichael's A History of the Arabs in the Sudan in 1922. The new national community born of the collapse of Sinnar, strongly committed to Arabic speech and Islamic faith, was tested by fire through foreign conquest and revolution, by profound socio-economic transformation, and by the challenges attendant on participation in an extended sub-imperialism that earned it hegemony—first cultural, and ultimately political—over all the diverse peoples of the modern Sudan.One important response of the nascent community to the trials of this difficult age was the invention of a new national historical tradition, according to which its members were descended via comparatively recent immigrants to the Sudan from eminent Arabs of Islamic antiquity.
10
Russo, R. S., Y. Zhou, M. L. White, H. Mao, R. Talbot, and B. C. Sive. "Multi-year (2004–2008) record of nonmethane hydrocarbons and halocarbons in New England: seasonal variations and regional sources." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 1 (January 18, 2010): 1083–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-1083-2010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Multi-year time series records of C2-C6 alkanes, C2-C4 alkenes, ethyne, isoprene, C6-C8 aromatics, trichloroethene (C2HCl3), and tetrachloroethene (C2Cl4) from canister samples collected during January 2004–February 2008 at the University of New Hampshire (UNH) AIRMAP Observatory at Thompson Farm (TF) in Durham, NH are presented. The objectives of this work are to identify the sources of nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and halocarbons observed at TF, characterize the seasonal and interannual variability in ambient mixing ratios and sources, and estimate regional emission rates of NMHCs. Analysis of correlations and comparisons with emission ratios indicated that a ubiquitous and persistent mix of emissions from several anthropogenic sources is observed throughout the entire year. The highest C2-C8 anthropogenic NMHC mixing ratios were observed in mid to late winter. Following the springtime minimums, the C3-C6 alkanes, C7-C8 aromatics, and C2HCl3 increased in early to mid summer, presumably reflecting enhanced evaporative emissions. Mixing ratios of C2Cl4 and C2HCl3 decreased by 0.7±0.2 and 0.3±0.05 pptv/year, respectively, which is indicative of reduced usage and emissions of these halogenated solvents. Emission rates of C3-C8 NMHCs were estimated to be 109 to 1010 molecules cm-2 s-1 in winter 2006. The emission rates extrapolated to the state of New Hampshire and New England were ~2–60 Mg/day and ~12–430 Mg/day, respectively. The 2002 and 2005 EPA National Emissions Inventory (NEI) emission rates of benzene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes for New Hampshire agreed within ±<5–20% of the emission rates estimated from the TF data, while toluene emissions were overestimated (20–35%) in both versions of the NEI.
11
Milton, J. R. "Pierre Coste, John Locke, and the Shaftesbury Family." Locke Studies 7 (December 31, 2007): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/ls.2007.1065.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Among the Malmesbury family papers in the Hampshire Record Office, Winchester, there exists a letter written by Pierre Coste to James Harris that throws new light both on Coste’s relations with John Locke and the third Earl of Shaftesbury, and on some events in the life of the first Earl of Shaftesbury.
12
Stauffer, John. "Running on the Record: Civil War-Era Politics in New Hampshire (review)." Civil War History 44, no. 4 (1998): 308–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1998.0093.
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13
Iiyama, Tomoyasu. "GENEALOGICAL STELES IN NORTH CHINA DURING THE JIN AND YUAN DYNASTIES." International Journal of Asian Studies 13, no. 2 (July 2016): 151–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591416000024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Using both long forgotten and newly available steles from North China, this article looks at these ancient monuments to explore the rise and evolution of an epigraphic practice under Jurchen and Mongol rules (1127–1368). In particular it looks at steles erected to record genealogical information (called xianyingbei in general) in north China during the twelfth to fourteenth centuries, which was a new usage for the stele in the area. The article's main aim is to demonstrate how cultural integration among different social strata was triggered by the invasions of the Jurchen and Mongol conquerors, which in turn led to the formation of a new and legitimate way to compile family genealogies in north China.
14
Feldmann, Rodney M., Ray M. Boswell, and Thomas W. Kammer. "Tropidocaris salsiusculus, a new rhinocaridid (Crustacea: Phyllocarida) from the Upper Devonian Hampshire Formation of West Virginia." Journal of Paleontology 60, no. 2 (March 1986): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000021880.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new species of phyllocarid arthropod, Tropidocaris salsiusculus, is described from the Upper Devonian Hampshire Formation near Rowlesburg, West Virginia. The organism was found in association with numerous trace fossils, at least one of which could have been produced by T. salsiusculus, and body fossils, including Lingula sp., several bivalve mollusks and smooth ostracods. Collectively, these organisms suggest a brackish-water environment of deposition. This report represents only the third record of phyllocarids from West Virginia.
15
Pfrieger, Frank W. "TeamTree analysis: A new approach to evaluate scientific production." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 21, 2021): e0253847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253847.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Advances in science and technology depend on the work of research teams and the publication of results through peer-reviewed articles representing a growing socio-economic resource. Current methods to mine the scientific literature regarding a field of interest focus on content, but the workforce credited by authorship remains largely unexplored. Notably, appropriate measures of scientific production are debated. Here, a new bibliometric approach named TeamTree analysis is introduced that visualizes the development and composition of the workforce driving a field. A new citation-independent measure that scales with the H index estimates impact based on publication record, genealogical ties and collaborative connections. This author-centered approach complements existing tools to mine the scientific literature and to evaluate research across disciplines.
16
Johnson, Tom. "“Kauaka e kōrero mō te Awa, kōrero ki te Awa: An Awa-Led Research Methodology” (Don’t Talk about the Awa, Talk with the Awa)." Genealogy 8, no. 1 (March 15, 2024): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy8010030.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Indigenous people continue to develop methods to strengthen and empower genealogical knowledge as a means of conveying histories, illuminating current and past values, and providing important cultural frameworks for understanding their nuanced identities and worlds across time and space. Genealogies are more than simply a record of a family tree; they are a rich tapestry of ancestral links, representing a tradition of thought and connection to entities beyond the human. This article proposes an Iwi-specific methodological approach to conducting research based on the specific paradigms (ontological and epistemological) of Māori (Indigenous peoples of New Zealand) from the region of Te Awa Tupua in the North Island of Aotearoa, New Zealand. A Whanganui world view can be actioned as an operating system within research by developing a bespoke place-based methodology drawing on kōrero tuku iho (ancestral wisdom) to conduct research amongst a genealogical group with whakapapa (genealogical connection) to a distinct geographic locale. This methodological shift allows the inclusion of human research participants and more-than-human, including Te Awa Tupua (an interconnected environment around the Whanganui River) and Te Kāhui Maunga (ancestral mountains that feed the Whanganui river) as living ancestors. Whanganui ways of knowing, doing, and being underpin a worldview that situates Te Awa Tupua and tāngata (people) as inter-related beings that cannot maintain their health and wellbeing without the support of one another.
17
Leak, W. B. "Comparison of standard and actual tree-growth trends for deciduous and coniferous species in New Hampshire." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 10 (October 1, 1987): 1297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-201.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent concerns over the decline of tree growth in the Northeast have revealed the need for data on standard or expected tree growth over time or tree diameter, unaffected by stand or climatic factors. Examples of standard growth curves are developed and compared with past sample-tree increments on 30 plots with a known 52- to 53-year record of change in stand density.
18
Russo, R. S., Y. Zhou, M. L. White, H. Mao, R. Talbot, and B. C. Sive. "Multi-year (2004–2008) record of nonmethane hydrocarbons and halocarbons in New England: seasonal variations and regional sources." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 10 (May 27, 2010): 4909–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4909-2010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Multi-year time series records of C2-C6 alkanes, C2-C4 alkenes, ethyne, isoprene, C6-C8 aromatics, trichloroethene (C2HCl3), and tetrachloroethene (C2Cl4) from canister samples collected during January 2004–February 2008 at the University of New Hampshire (UNH) AIRMAP Observatory at Thompson Farm (TF) in Durham, NH are presented. The objectives of this work are to identify the sources of nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and halocarbons observed at TF, characterize the seasonal and interannual variability in ambient mixing ratios and sources, and estimate regional emission rates of NMHCs. Analysis of correlations and comparisons with emission ratios indicated that a ubiquitous and persistent mix of emissions from several anthropogenic sources is observed throughout the entire year. The highest C2-C8 anthropogenic NMHC mixing ratios were observed in mid to late winter. Following the springtime minimums, the C3-C6 alkanes, C7-C8 aromatics, and C2HCl3 increased in early to mid summer, presumably reflecting enhanced evaporative emissions. Mixing ratios of C2Cl4 and C2HCl3 decreased by 0.7±0.2 and 0.3±0.05 pptv/year, respectively, which is indicative of reduced usage and emissions of these halogenated solvents. Emission rates of C3-C8 NMHCs were estimated to be 109 to 1010 molecules cm−2 s−1 in winter 2006. The emission rates extrapolated to the state of New Hampshire and New England were ~2–60 Mg/day and ~12–430 Mg/day, respectively. Emission rates of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and ethyne in the 2002 and 2005 EPA National Emissions Inventories were within ±50% of the TF emission rates.
19
Likens, Gene E. "A long-term record of ice cover for Mirror Lake, New Hampshire: effects of global warming?" SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 27, no. 5 (December 2000): 2765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1998.11898169.
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20
Thompson, Woodrow B., Christopher C. Dorion, John C. Ridge, Greg Balco, Brian K. Fowler, and Kristen M. Svendsen. "Deglaciation and late-glacial climate change in the White Mountains, New Hampshire, USA." Quaternary Research 87, no. 1 (January 2017): 96–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2016.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractRecession of the Laurentide Ice Sheet from northern New Hampshire was interrupted by the Littleton-Bethlehem (L-B) readvance and deposition of the extensive White Mountain Moraine System (WMMS). Our mapping of this moraine belt and related glacial lake sequence has refined the deglaciation history of the region. The age of the western part of the WMMS is constrained to ~14.0–13.8 cal ka BP by glacial Lake Hitchcock varves that occur beneath and above L-B readvance till and were matched to a revised calibration of the North American Varve Chronology presented here. Using this age for when boulders were deposited on the moraines has enabled calibration of regional cosmogenic-nuclide production rates to improve the precision of exposure dating in New England. The L-B readvance coincided with the Older Dryas (OD) cooling documented by workers in Europe and the equivalent GI-1d cooling event in the Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) time scale. The readvance and associated moraines provide the first well-documented and dated evidence of the OD event in the northeastern United States. Our lake sediment cores show that the Younger Dryas cooling was likewise prominent in the White Mountains, thus extending the record of this event westward from Maine and Maritime Canada.
21
Shuman, Bryan, Paige Newby, Jeffrey P. Donnelly, Alison Tarbox, and Thompson Webb. "A Record of Late-Quaternary Moisture-Balance Change and Vegetation Response from the White Mountains, New Hampshire." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 95, no. 2 (June 2005): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2005.00458.x.
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22
Cleavitt, Natalie L., and Timothy J. Fahey. "Seed production of sugar maple and American beech in northern hardwood forests, New Hampshire, USA." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 47, no. 7 (July 2017): 985–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2017-0096.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mast seeding is the synchronous production of large seed crops in plant populations and for many tree species is known to be determined by the interaction between weather cues and internal plant resources. We use a 24-year record of seedfall for sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) across a northern hardwood forest landscape to quantify their masting patterns and explore the relationship between mast years, resources, and weather cues, particularly the difference between summer temperatures in the two years prior to the seedfall year (ΔT). We found clear evidence of masting in these species, and mast years were often coincident in the two species; masting was best predicted by ΔT or ΔT plus previous-year seedfall. We saw no evidence for correspondence of masting in these trees to precipitation cues. A soil calcium addition modified elevation effects on seed production. Clarification of the controls on mast seeding for these important tree species will aid in predicting such resources as mast for wildlife and maple sugar production in northern hardwood forests.
23
Frenkel, Miriam. "Adaptive Tactics: The Jewish Communities Facing New Reality." Medieval Encounters 21, no. 4-5 (December 1, 2015): 364–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12342202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper deals with particular tactics, established during the Fatimid era, and thus additional to the traditional ones they already possessed, which permitted the Jews to define their niche within Fatimid society. It presents three of these tactics: 1. Production of historical and genealogical documents in order to ameliorate the status of dhimmīs and to achieve an intermediate position of privileged dhimmī. This is illustrated by an analysis of a Geniza document designed as a historical bill of rights accorded by the Prophet Muḥammad to the Jews of Khaybar. 2. The writing of literary-liturgical oeuvres that respond to current persecutions through a messianic interpretation hidden behind laudatory expressions to the Fatimid ruler. It is illustrated by an analysis of the liturgical composition known as “The Egyptian Scroll.” 3. Practices of mourning and repentance intended to cope with mass fear, illustrated through a record of testimony from 1030 about a traumatic event that almost took place in Ramla, but was prevented by a dream. Although the three tactics seem to be very diverse, they all responded to the Fatimid reality and used its language and norms.
24
Mayewski, Paul A., W. Berry Lyons, M. J. Spencer, Mark S. Twickler, Pieter M. Grootes, and Minze Stuiver. "A Climatic Record Using An Ice Core from the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica (Abstract)." Annals of Glaciology 10 (1988): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500004572.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The production of climatic-change records using glaciochemical time series has seen minimal application in the Transantarctic Mountains. This is true despite the fact that glacial geologic studies in this area are the primary basis for understanding the glacial history of East Antarctica and thus provide an excellent potential framework for the more detailed records obtainable from glaciochemical studies. Numerous sites within the Transantarctic Mountains fit the requirements necessary for the retrieval of ice cores, and pilot studies have been conducted in both southern Victoria Land (Mayewski and Lyons 1982) and northern Victoria Land (Allen and others 1985). These pilot studies have validated the hypothesis that glaciochemical records retrieved from appropriately chosen ice-core sites in the Transantarctic Mountains can be used for: (1) assessing the current stability of the East Antarctic ice sheet, (2) validating models concerning the recent glacial history of the Transantarctic Mountains, (3) searching for relatively high-frequency (1–100 year) climatic signals, (4) determining changes in the relative geography (ocean – land – ice) of a region, and (5) defining the relative importance of the chemical species source areas (i.e. volcanic, biogenic, anthropogenic, marine, crustal) that provide precipitation to the Transantarctic Mountains.During the 1984–85 austral summer, a combined University of New Hampshire – Polar Ice Coring Office effort resulted in the recovery of a 201 m long core from a 2800 m high snow massif atop the Dominion Range (85°15'S, 166°10'E), close to the confluence of the Mill and Beardmore glaciers. Chemical and physical data sets to be developed from this ice core, which is estimated to span a period of approximately 1000 years, include: a detailed 6 m snow pit, several shallow snow pits, and fresh and aged surface snow, in combination with a radio echo-sounding survey of the general area, which will be used to provide three-dimensional control. Chemical and physical analyses conducted as part of the study include: stratigraphy, density, sulfate, nitrate, fluoride, chloride, phosphate, sodium, reactive silicate, total beta activity and oxygen isotopes. The oxygen-isotope analyses are being provided by P. Grootes and M. Stuiver (University of Washington), and all other analyses are being conducted by the Glacier Research Group (University of New Hampshire).
25
Mayewski, Paul A., W. Berry Lyons, M. J. Spencer, Mark S. Twickler, Pieter M. Grootes, and Minze Stuiver. "A Climatic Record Using An Ice Core from the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica (Abstract)." Annals of Glaciology 10 (1988): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500004572.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The production of climatic-change records using glaciochemical time series has seen minimal application in the Transantarctic Mountains. This is true despite the fact that glacial geologic studies in this area are the primary basis for understanding the glacial history of East Antarctica and thus provide an excellent potential framework for the more detailed records obtainable from glaciochemical studies. Numerous sites within the Transantarctic Mountains fit the requirements necessary for the retrieval of ice cores, and pilot studies have been conducted in both southern Victoria Land (Mayewski and Lyons 1982) and northern Victoria Land (Allen and others 1985). These pilot studies have validated the hypothesis that glaciochemical records retrieved from appropriately chosen ice-core sites in the Transantarctic Mountains can be used for: (1) assessing the current stability of the East Antarctic ice sheet, (2) validating models concerning the recent glacial history of the Transantarctic Mountains, (3) searching for relatively high-frequency (1–100 year) climatic signals, (4) determining changes in the relative geography (ocean – land – ice) of a region, and (5) defining the relative importance of the chemical species source areas (i.e. volcanic, biogenic, anthropogenic, marine, crustal) that provide precipitation to the Transantarctic Mountains. During the 1984–85 austral summer, a combined University of New Hampshire – Polar Ice Coring Office effort resulted in the recovery of a 201 m long core from a 2800 m high snow massif atop the Dominion Range (85°15'S, 166°10'E), close to the confluence of the Mill and Beardmore glaciers. Chemical and physical data sets to be developed from this ice core, which is estimated to span a period of approximately 1000 years, include: a detailed 6 m snow pit, several shallow snow pits, and fresh and aged surface snow, in combination with a radio echo-sounding survey of the general area, which will be used to provide three-dimensional control. Chemical and physical analyses conducted as part of the study include: stratigraphy, density, sulfate, nitrate, fluoride, chloride, phosphate, sodium, reactive silicate, total beta activity and oxygen isotopes. The oxygen-isotope analyses are being provided by P. Grootes and M. Stuiver (University of Washington), and all other analyses are being conducted by the Glacier Research Group (University of New Hampshire).
26
Karakostis, Fotios Alexandros, Gerhard Hotz, Vangelis Tourloukis, and Katerina Harvati. "Evidence for precision grasping in Neandertal daily activities." Science Advances 4, no. 9 (September 2018): eaat2369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat2369.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Neandertal manual activities, as previously reconstructed from their robust hand skeletons, are thought to involve systematic power grasping rather than precise hand movements. However, this interpretation is at odds with increasing archeological evidence for sophisticated cultural behavior. We reevaluate the manipulative behaviors of Neandertals and early modern humans using a historical reference sample with extensive genealogical and lifelong occupational documentation, in combination with a new and precise three-dimensional multivariate analysis of hand muscle attachments. Results show that Neandertal muscle marking patterns overlap exclusively with documented lifelong precision workers, reflecting systematic precision grasping consistent with the use of their associated cultural remains. Our findings challenge the established interpretation of Neandertal behavior and establish a solid link between biological and cultural remains in the fossil record.
27
Klimaszewski, Jan, Greg Pohl, and Georges Pelletier. "Revision of the Nearctic Silusa (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae)." Canadian Entomologist 135, no. 2 (April 2003): 159–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n02-027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractA revision of the Canadian species of the genus Silusa Erichson is presented. In this contribution, we treat six species recently discovered in Canada, one of which is a new species from Alberta, Silusa langori Klimaszewski sp. nov. The distribution records for two species are greatly expanded. Silusa californica Bernhauer is now known from Alaska, Minnesota, Alberta, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia (previous records: British Columbia, California). Silusa vesperis Casey is now known from Washington and British Columbia (previous record: California). For two other species, there are first records for Canada and one new United States state record. Silusa alternans Sachse is now known from Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and New Hampshire (previous records: Georgia, New York), and Silusa densa Fenyes is now known from Alberta (previous record: California). Silusa valens Casey is here considered as a synonym of S. alternans. Silusa rutilans Casey and S. modica Casey are confirmed to belong to Leptusa Kraatz, and both are here considered as new synonyms of Leptusa canonica Casey. Silusa gracilis Sachse and S. nanula Casey are also confirmed to belong to the genus Leptusa. The following lectotypes are newly designated for species described on the basis of syntypes: S. alternans Sachse and S. californica Bernhauer. New data are provided on the systematics, relationships, bionomics, and distribution for all Nearctic species of America north of Mexico. Diagnoses and illustrations of external and genital features are provided for all species, and the distribution of each is discussed and shown on maps. A key to the species occurring in Canada is presented.
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Bailey, Scott W., Robert P. Long, and Stephen B. Horsley. "Comment on “Long-term decline of sugar maple following forest harvest, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire”." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49, no. 7 (July 2019): 861–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cleavitt et al. (2018, Can. J. For. Res. 48(1): 23–31, doi: 10.1139/cjfr-2017-0233 ) report a lack of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) regeneration in Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), Watershed 5 (W5), following whole-tree clearcut harvesting and purport that harvesting-induced soil calcium depletion contributed to regeneration failure of this species. In New England, clearcutting is a silvicultural strategy used to promote less tolerant species, especially birch (Betula spp.; Marquis (1969), Birch Symposium Proceedings, USDA Forest Service; Leak et al. (2014), doi: 10.2737/NRS-GTR-132 ), which is just the outcome that the authors report. While this study reports an impressive, long-term data set, given broad interest in sugar maple and sustainability of forest management practices, we feel that it is critical to more fully explore the role of nutrition on sugar maple dynamics, both prior to and during the experiment, and to more fully review the scientific record on the role of whole-tree clearcutting in nutrient-induced sugar maple dynamics.
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Hardcastle, Kenneth C., and Dennis S. Albaugh. "Stress and timing relationships of a fault-related, paleohydrothermal system in central New Hampshire: Record of a Mesozoic stress change in New England?" Tectonics 9, no. 4 (August 1990): 623–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/tc009i004p00623.
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Williams, Will M. "Shared Bodies: Social Patterns in Rural East Jersey and the Formation of an African American Community." New Jersey Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 8, no. 2 (July 21, 2022): 104–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/njs.v8i2.287.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study uses two complementing data types to a). challenge the standard definition of the direct enslaver-enslaved form of bondage in rural Bergen County, New Jersey, and b). hypothesize about the formation of a free Black community around Dunkerhook Road in the same location. The first data type, labeled the “social record,” is the combination of nineteenth-century membership records from the Church of Paramus and personal documents, such as diaries and genealogical data. These data are comparatively analyzed against “official” tax and will data. This study proposes that some of New Jersey’s enslaved Black population were part of a complex social web sharing or renting their bodies and labor to maintain conservative rural Dutch culture. This system benefited white families such as the Zabriskies, Terhunes, and Hoppers during New Jersey’s slow path to emancipation. The surveillance of Black lives by the Dutch family network and limited employment opportunities for the formerly enslaved are possible factors contributing to the rise of the free African American community on Dunkerhook Road, New Jersey.
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Tverytnykova, Olena, and Halyna Salata. "Source Base of Genealogical Research on the History of Science: Towards the Problem of Digitalization of Scientific Communication." Digital Platform: Information Technologies in Sociocultural Sphere 6, no. 1 (July 10, 2023): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2617-796x.6.1.2023.283987.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the article is to identify and structure the source base of genealogical research on the history of science and to clarify the role of information and communication technologies in the development of the digitalization of scientific research. Research methods. The analysis, characterization and classification of the representative source base of the outlined topic of scientific research based on the use of a conglomerate of general scientific and specific research methods, which together ensured the holistic nature of the study of the scientific problem. The main tools of the research methodology include the following methods: historical and comparative, problematic and chronological, historical and typological, historical and systematic; the method of diachronic analysis and generalization, analogy, synthesis, analysis, and formal logic. The involvement of methodological tools in the scientific study of the problem stated the fixation of the content vectors of the study, which were carried out on the principles of historicism, objectivity, systematicity, and comprehensiveness. The choice of a research strategy or the theoretical and methodological basis of the scientific problem, which were involved and implemented in the process of scientific cognition, made it possible to achieve the goal of scientific research. The use of several general scientific and specific historical methods of scientific research contributed to obtaining new results in the disclosure of this topic. The methodology of oral history, particularly the method of interviewing, has proven to be a valuable tool for scientific research in the context of genealogical research. This approach aims to generalize the testimonies and memories of people who participated in the events directly. The interview method makes it possible to record historical events and their perception from the perspective of specific individuals. Memories are the product of personal thoughts, emotions, and reflections on past events. This individual experience contributes significantly to the understanding and personalization of history. It also enhances the depth and reliability of genealogical studies, adding individual testimonies and personal experiences that enrich the research. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it is for the first time that an attempt has been made to structure information sources on genealogy, which made it possible to form a representative source base for research on the history of science, to determine the effectiveness of Ukrainian scientists, and to substantiate the significance of scientific achievements. Conclusions. The article deals with the algorithm for forming the representativeness of the source base of genealogical research in the history of science. The importance of involving family and personal archives, materials from the museum and scientific library collections, genealogical reference publications, and statistical collections of various kinds in the source base of the information search is stated. The necessity of using interview memoirs as a significant part of the source base of genealogical research on the history of science is substantiated. The use of oral history makes it possible to identify a new layer of sources in the reproduction of interpersonal relations, creative interests, and everyday life. It has been found that the use of information and communication technologies is one of the significant components of scientific activity in the twenty-first century. The necessity of expanding the range of electronic services in archival, library and museum institutions is argued. Digitalization of archives and libraries is an important factor in ensuring the sustainable development of these research centres. The introduction of electronic information services provides access to resources and enables the preservation of scientific heritage.
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Mahuika, Nēpia. "A Brief History of Whakapapa: Māori Approaches to Genealogy." Genealogy 3, no. 2 (June 14, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy3020032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Whakapapa is the Māori term for genealogy. It has been described by some as the skeletal structure of Māori epistemology because all things have their own genealogies. In research, whakapapa has been presented in tribal histories, Māori Land Court records, and consistently as a framework for mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) and Māori research methodologies. This essay offers a brief overview of the ways in which whakapapa has been understood and negotiated in research particularly after the arrival of Europeans. Some early ethnographers, for instance, applied their own genealogical methods of dating to whakapapa, which influenced various Māori approaches from the twentieth century. With the advent of literacy and print, Māori experimented with new ways to record genealogy, and yet the underlying oral, ethical, and cultural practices that are crucial to whakapapa have remained integral to how it still lives and operates in Māori communities today.
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Grubisha, Lisa C., Nicholas J. Dowie, Steven L. Miller, Christina Hazard, Steven M. Trowbridge, Thomas R. Horton, and Matthew R. Klooster. "Rhizopogon kretzerae sp. nov.: the rare fungal symbiont in the tripartite system with Pterospora andromedea and Pinus strobus." Botany 92, no. 7 (July 2014): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2013-0309.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The first species of Rhizopogon subgenus Amylopogon identified from eastern North America is described here as Rhizopogon kretzerae Grubisha, Dowie, & Mill. sp. nov. In nature, R. kretzerae has been identified only from DNA sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) from mycorrhizal roots of Pinus strobus L. and Pterospora andromedea Nutt. Phylogenetic analyses and nucleotide divergence estimates of Rhizopogon ITS sequences from Pterospora roots from Quebec, Michigan, New York, and New Hampshire combined with ITS sequences of Rhizopogon subgenus Amylopogon species type collections suggest R. kretzerae is a sister-group to Rhizopogon salebrosus A.H. Sm. An absence of shared mutations, two informative sequence gaps, and 12 fixed nucleotide differences differentiate R. kretzerae and R. salebrosus. Furthermore, ITS sequences of 40 Pterospora root samples from five populations in the province of Quebec provided the first record of the distribution of R. kretzerae, a potentially rare to endangered species, in eastern Canada.
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An, Yuan-Yan, Monika C. Dayarathne, Xiang-Yu Zeng, Alan J. L. Phillips, Kevin D. Hyde, and Yong Wang. "Molecular and Morphological Assessment of Septoria Species Associated with Ornamental Plants in Yunnan Province, China." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 6 (June 16, 2021): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7060483.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Karst landform is the main geographic characteristic in South China. Such areas are rich in vegetation and especially suitable for growth of shrubs and herbaceous plants. In this study, 11 Septoria strains were obtained from different plants’ leaves collected in the Kunming Botanical Garden, Yunnan Province, China. Based on single-gene and multi-gene analyses of five gene loci (tef1, rpb2, tub2, ITS, and LSU) and four gene regions (without LSU), these strains were found to belong to three independent phylogenetic lineages representing five species, including four novel taxa, and one new record for China. Five single gene trees were also provided to evaluate the effectiveness of each gene for discriminating the species, as a result of which tub2 was found to have the most suitable DNA barcode for rapid identification. Morphological descriptions, illustrations, and comparisons are provided for a more comprehensive assessment. Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) with a pairwise homoplasy index (PHI) test was used to evaluate the conclusions of the phylogenetic analyses.
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Artemenkova, O. "Information Tools of Genealogical Research in the Archives of Ukraine." Visnyk of Kharkiv State Academy of Culture, no. 61 (June 29, 2022): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31516/2410-5333.061.08.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problem statement. The introduction and widespread use of the latest technologies for storing and disseminating information, which significantly improves the quality and efficiency of archivists, provides the fastest access to the archives of ordinary citizens and researchers from around the world is an urgent task in archiving.
The purpose of the research is to analyze the theoretical developments of the leading specialists of archival affairs of Ukraine on the latest trends in the introduction of digitization tools in domestic archives in the context of genealogical research.
The methodology. The methodological basis of the study were general scientific principles (complexity, systematics and comprehensiveness of knowledge) and general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization). The leading role was played by source studies methods (critical, heuristic), the application of which made it possible to identify the information possibilities of sources and comprehensively process materials.
The results. Analysis of research on the formation, development and implementation of information technology as an effective tool in the archival field in general and genealogical research in archives in particular, shows the significant achievements of domestic scientists in studying this issue. Thanks to the active development and introduction of information technology, new opportunities are emerging to learn about one’s origins and history. It is information technology and general digitalization that enable the average Ukrainian to find all the information about their ancestors without leaving home 24/7.
The scientific novelty. Theoretical developments of the leading specialists of archival affairs of Ukraine on the latest trends in the introduction of digitization tools in domestic archives in the context of genealogical research are analyzed. We divided the total source base of the chosen research topic into three groups. The first group includes regulations on the archives of Ukraine: the Constitution of Ukraine; laws of Ukraine relating to archives; organizational and administrative documents in the field of record keeping and archiving. The second group includes scientific publications on certain topics in archival science and archival affairs, source studies: dissertations and dissertation abstracts; monographs; textbooks and manuals; scientific articles; materials of scientific, scientific-practical conferences; dictionaries, etc. The third group consisted of information resources in the field of genealogy.
Conclusions. The rapid introduction of information technology, the development of the electronic environment as an integral part of the innovative development of the state, encourages archival institutions to modernize while studying, mastering and adapting to the Ukrainian realities of world experience. The generally accepted guidelines of the information society are the introduction of computer and telecommunication technologies, the development of information interaction on this basis at all levels of communication (from international to regional), which will further lead to the formation of a single effective national information space.
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Stotsky, Sandra. "How Should American Students Understand their Civic Culture? The Continuing Battle over the 2002 Massachusetts History and Social Science Curriculum Framework." Estudios sobre Educación 5 (May 22, 2018): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/004.5.25618.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
I write as the former administrator in the Massachusetts Department of Education who was responsible for the development of the 2002 Massachusetts History and Social Science Curriculum Framework. This essay is a slightly revised version of written testimony invited by Senator Judd Gregg of New Hampshire, Chairman of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions, United States Senate, for a hearing titled “What Is Your Child Reading in School? How Standards and Textbooks Influence Education.” The hearing was held at the Dirksen Senate Office Building, Room 430, Washington, D.C., on Wednesday, September 24, 2003. The oral testimony is available on a transcription of the hearing, and the full written version of my testimony has been entered into the public record. The hearing was an exploratory one, possibly the first of many others on this topic, and unconnected at the moment to any proposed legislation.
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Gomdola, Deecksha, Eric H. C. McKenzie, Kevin D. Hyde, Digvijayini Bundhun, and Ruvishika S. Jayawardena. "Appressoria-Producing Sordariomycetes Taxa Associated with Jasminum Species." Pathogens 12, no. 12 (November 29, 2023): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12121407.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Appressoria are specialized structures formed by certain phytopathogenic fungi during the early stages of the infection process. Over the years, significant advancements have been made in understanding the formation, types, and functions of appressoria. Besides being formed primarily by fungal pathogens, many studies have reported their occurrence in other life modes such as endophytes, epiphytes, and saprobes. In this study, we observed the formation of appressoria in fungal genera that have been found associated with leaf spots and, interestingly, by a saprobic species. We used morphological descriptions and illustrations, molecular phylogeny, coalescent-based Poisson tree processes (PTP) model, inter- and intra-species genetic distances based on their respective DNA markers, and Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition Analysis (GCPSR) to establish a new species (Pseudoplagiostoma jasmini), a Ciliochorella sp., and a new host record (Coniella malaysiana). The Ciliochorella sp. is reported as a saprobe, while Pseudoplagiostoma jasmini and Coniella malaysiana were found to be associated with leaf spots of Jasminum species. All three taxa produce appressoria, and this is the first study that reports the formation of appressoria by a Ciliochorella sp. and a Pseudoplagiostoma sp.
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Pontius, Jennifer, Joshua M. Halman, and Paul G. Schaberg. "Seventy years of forest growth and community dynamics in an undisturbed northern hardwood forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 46, no. 7 (July 2016): 959–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0304.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Long-term forest inventories provide a unique opportunity to quantify changes in forest structure and evaluate how changes compare with current stand development models. An examination of a 70 year record at the Bartlett Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, indicated that although species abundances have primarily changed as expected under natural succession, some unexpected results were also detected. This included a significant decline in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) abundance driven by reduced regeneration and increases in red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) at the expense of sympatric balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and hardwoods at upper elevations. In contrast with accepted stand development models, biomass continues to accrue on these mid- to late-successional forests. Importantly, biomass accumulated at even greater rates in recent decades compared with historical norms. These results support evidence that the anthropogenic influences of a changing climate and the legacy of acid deposition may be altering stand dynamics in northeastern forests.
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Silbey, Joel H. "Running on the Record: Civil War-Era Politics in New Hampshire. By Lex Renda (Charlottesville, University Press of Virginia, 1997) 258 pp. $32.50." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 29, no. 2 (October 1998): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.1998.29.2.311.
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Schaberg, Paul G., Brynne E. Lazarus, Gary J. Hawley, Joshua M. Halman, Catherine H. Borer, and Christopher F. Hansen. "Assessment of weather-associated causes of red spruce winter injury and consequences to aboveground carbon sequestration." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 2 (February 2011): 359–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite considerable study, it remains uncertain what environmental factors contribute to red spruce ( Picea rubens Sarg.) foliar winter injury and how much this injury influences tree C stores. We used a long-term record of winter injury in a plantation in New Hampshire and conducted stepwise linear regression analyses with local weather and regional pollution data to determine which parameters helped account for observed injury. Two types of weather phenomena were consistently associated with elevated injury: (i) measures of low-temperature stress that incite injury and (ii) factors that reduced the length of the growing season and predisposed trees to injury. At this plantation, there was a significant linear relationship between winter injury and growth reductions for 2 years after a severe winter injury event. Analysis using data from three New England states indicated that plantation data reflected a regional response. Using regional data, we estimated a reduction of 394 000 metric tons of C sequestered in living red spruce stems ≥20 cm in diameter growing in New York and northern New England during the 2 years following a severe winter injury event. This is a conservative estimate of reduced C sequestration because injury-induced mortality and other factors were not evaluated.
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Pringle, Ginny. "Settlement and Social and Economic Patterns at Old Basing, Hampshire: The Results of a Community Archaeology Project." Hampshire Studies 75, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 273–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.24202/hs2020017.
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A community archaeology project (Dig Basing) was carried out by the Basingstoke Archaeological and Historical Society within the village of Old Basing, Hampshire during 2014–17 to discover more about settlement and social and economic patterns pre-1900 and to simultaneously engage the local community with archaeology. A total of 48 test pits of 1 × 1m were excavated across the village and over 16,000 artefacts recovered. The project provided a wealth of information that adds to and amplifies existing data, particularly medieval and later. Evidence for prehistoric and Roman occupation was slight but it implied a late Mesolithic/early Neolithic focus along the River Loddon. A lack of early medieval artefacts meant that it was not until the 11th century that the archaeological record became increasingly visible. Post- Norman conquest settlement was initially focussed along The Street, where settlement at the northern junction of Milkingpen Lane appeared largely discrete from that further south in the vicinity of St Mary's Church, before later expansion joined the two areas. Important evidence for post-Conquest metalworking, probably smelting, was found to the south-west of Oliver's Battery. A decline in amounts of medieval pottery, mid-period, may be attributable to the ravages of the Black Death, but from c. 1550 the situation had reversed, coinciding with increased occupation at Basing House. Subsequent rebuilding of village properties after the destructions of the Civil War saw Tudor brick robbed from the ruins of Basing House. Thereafter new pottery types and other goods reflected the new opportunities that arrived with the construction of the canal through the village in the 18th century and the railway in the 19th century. Artefacts recovered suggest a low to middling status, with infrequent indicators for greater wealth despite the existence of, at various times, the Norman ringwork, Basing House and the hunting lodge at the Grange.
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Battles, John J., Natalie L. Cleavitt, Chris E. Johnson, and Timothy J. Fahey. "Reply to the comment by Bailey et al. on “Long-term decline of sugar maple following forest harvest, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire”." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49, no. 7 (July 2019): 863–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0503.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sugar maple decline in eastern North America is caused by a complex combination of factors, with soil nutrition being one of several important determinants. Given the complexity of sugar maple population dynamics and the geographic extent of the species, we support Bailey et al.’s (2019, Can. J. For. Res. 49(7), doi: 10.1139/cjfr-2018-0207 ) argument to interpret results from Cleavitt et al. (2018, Can. J. For. Res. 48(1): 23–31, doi: 10.1139/cjfr-2017-0233 ) with due caution. The experiment at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest represents an atypical application of contemporary forest practice in the White Mountain National Forest; however, some comments in Bailey et al. (2019) missed the point; others inaccurately characterized our paper. Cleavitt et al.’s (2018) 30-year record of vegetation recovery following whole-tree harvest documented a worrisome inability of a sugar maple population that successfully established after harvest to maintain its position in the understory. This lack of persistence on base-poor soils such as those in the mid and upper elevations of Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest suggests that the successful recruitment of sugar maple is not guaranteed.
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Jung, Courtney. "Discordant Comrades: Identities and Loyalties on the South African Left By Allison Drew. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate, 2000. 282p. $74.95." American Political Science Review 96, no. 1 (March 2002): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055402314333.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drawing on a wealth of new information made available by the opening of the Comintern archives, Drew sheds the light of hindsight on the relationship between the Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA) and, in turn, the Soviet Comintern, the South African liberation movement, and the white and black trade union movements in the first half of the twentieth century. This rich book makes a unique contribution to our understanding of ties between the Comintern and its satellite parties as well as the early history of the South African antiapartheid movement. There are only two other major books on this period of party history, and both are memoirs of party members who try to establish a particular version of the record. Drew contests the teleology of their accounts of communist party history and instead weaves a contingent narrative that identifies major turning points that narrowed the possibility for a radical reorientation of the party (p. 281). It was not inevitable that the party would split and finally dissolve in the way it did—other outcomes were possible, almost until the end. That they were not taken was the layered result of personal and ideological rivalries and party alliances that made socialism, and socialists, perpetually weak and vulnerable in the context of South African politics.
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L., J. F. "INFANT DEATH RATE DROPS WHILE RACE GAP WORSENS." Pediatrics 94, no. 2 (August 1, 1994): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.2.173.
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ATLANTA—The U.S. infant mortality rate dropped to a record low, but black babies died at more than twice the rate of whites, and the gap is growing, health officials reported Thursday. For every 1,000 births in 1990, 9.2 babies died before age 1, down from 9.8 in 1989, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said. It credited most of the drop to a new way of treating the underdeveloped lungs that kill thousands of premature and underweight babies. The rate in 1990, the most recent year for which data are available, propelled the United States up two notches—to 20th place—in UNICEF's ranking of infant mortality in 23 developed countries. Japan has the world's best rate, 5 per 1,000. Despite the new lung treatment, 38,351 babies died in 1990, down from 39,655 in 1989. The District of Columbia had by far the deadliest rate, 20.7. Vermont had the lowest rate, 5.4. The mortality rate for black infants was 18, compared with 7.6 for whites, and the disparity is growing, the CDC said. Low birthweight was the leading killer of black babies, while birth defects claimed more white babies. Vt. is best Infant mortality rates in 1990, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Numbers are per 1,000 live births: • Connecticut, 7.9 • Maine, 6.2 • Massachusetts, 7.0 • New Hampshire, 7.1 • New York, 9.6 • Rhode Island, 8.1 • Vermont, 5.4, the nation's lowest rate • United States, 9.2
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Ferguson, Frank, and Grainne Milner-McLoone. "The Songs of a People: Steinbeck and Transatlantic Song." Steinbeck Review 19, no. 2 (2022): 156–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/steinbeckreview.19.2.0156.
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Abstract In this article we will examine the significance of place and music within Steinbeck’s work. In particular, we will explore how Steinbeck’s conception of place in his ancestral County Derry has figured as part of a wider transatlantic discourse in which writers have looked to this area in the north of Ireland to explore their sense of their personal and familial identity. As part of this process, the idealization of space and memory through the literature, history, and heritage “of the people” has been invoked. In contrast, we will compare Steinbeck’s approach with that of two writers also connected to the area, the New Hampshire poet Robert Dinsmoor and the song collector Sam Henry. The former, of Scotch-Irish descent, had a negative view of his family’s stay in Ireland; the latter, who lived most of his life in Ireland, was a champion of the area and sought to promote an authentic as possible record of local song and culture. We will maintain that Steinbeck’s sense of his people differs sharply with these two authors and offers an alternative version of the place and people as the returning American whose Ireland is more enigmatic and literary than either Dinsmoor’s or Henry’s Ireland.
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Leys, Bérangère A., Gene E. Likens, Chris E. Johnson, Joseph M. Craine, Brice Lacroix, and Kendra K. McLauchlan. "Natural and anthropogenic drivers of calcium depletion in a northern forest during the last millennium." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 25 (June 13, 2016): 6934–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1604909113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The pace and degree of nutrient limitation are among the most critical uncertainties in predicting terrestrial ecosystem responses to global change. In the northeastern United States, forest growth has recently declined along with decreased soil calcium (Ca) availability, suggesting that acid rain has depleted soil Ca to the point where it may be a limiting nutrient. However, it is unknown whether the past 60 y of changes in Ca availability are strictly anthropogenic or partly a natural consequence of long-term ecosystem development. Here, we report a high-resolution millennial-scale record of Ca and 16 other elements from the sediments of Mirror Lake, a 15-ha lake in the White Mountains of New Hampshire surrounded by northern hardwood forest. We found that sedimentary Ca concentrations had been declining steadily for 900 y before regional Euro-American settlement. This Ca decline was not a result of serial episodic disturbances but instead the gradual weathering of soils and soil Ca availability. As Ca availability was declining, nitrogen availability concurrently was increasing. These data indicate that nutrient availability on base-poor, parent materials is sensitive to acidifying processes on millennial timescales. Forest harvesting and acid rain in the postsettlement period mobilized significant amounts of Ca from watershed soils, but these effects were exacerbated by the long-term pattern. Shifting nutrient limitation can potentially occur within 10,000 y of ecosystem development, which alters our assessments of the speed and trajectory of nutrient limitation in forests, and could require reformulation of global models of forest productivity.
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Hernández-Montiel, Wilber, Reyna Cristina Collí-Dula, Julio Porfirio Ramón-Ugalde, Mario Alberto Martínez-Núñez, and Roberto Zamora-Bustillos. "RNA-seq Transcriptome Analysis in Ovarian Tissue of Pelibuey Breed to Explore the Regulation of Prolificacy." Genes 10, no. 5 (May 10, 2019): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10050358.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Pelibuey sheep (Ovis aries) is an indigenous breed distributed in the tropical regions of Mexico. The prolificacy of this sheep is on average from 1 to 1.5 lambs, being an important breeding characteristic that owners seek to increase with the purpose of economic improvements. New-generation RNA sequencing technology has been used to identify the genes that are expressed in the ovarian tissue of sheep that have two or more lambs per parturition, as well as to elucidate the metabolic pathways that are affected by the expression of these genes, with the purpose of better understanding the prolificacy in the sheep. In the present study, the transcriptional expression of multiparous and uniparous sheep was compared using RNA sequencing. Multiparous (M group) and uniparous (U group) sheep that had a genealogical record for three generations (M, n = 5 and U, n = 5) were selected. RNA was extracted from ovarian tissue and subsequently used to prepare the libraries that were sequenced using the Illumina NextSeq500 platform. A total of 31,575 genes were detected from the transcriptomic analysis of which 4908 were significantly expressed (p-value ≤ 0.001) in the ovary of sheep. Subsequently, a second filter was carried out to evaluate the false discovery rate (FDR) and select those genes with p-values ≤ 0.05 and values of expression ≥ 1 (log2), obtaining 354 differential expressed genes (DEG): 120 genes up-regulated and 234 genes down-regulated in the group M with respect to the group U. Through Gene Ontology (GO) and metabolic analysis, we obtained information on the function of differentially expressed genes, and its importance in the reproduction of multiparous sheep. This result suggest that genes identified in the present study participate in the development of the final stages of follicles.
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Luo, Tian-tong, Lise Heier, Zaki Ahmad Khan, Faraz Hasan, Trond Reitan, Abdool S. Yasseen, Zi-xuan Xie, Jian-long Zhu, and Gabriel Yedid. "Examining Community Stability in the Face of Mass Extinction in Communities of Digital Organisms." Artificial Life 24, no. 4 (March 2019): 250–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00272.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Digital evolution is a computer-based instantiation of Darwinian evolution in which short self-replicating computer programs compete, mutate, and evolve. It is an excellent platform for addressing topics in long-term evolution and paleobiology, such as mass extinction and recovery, with experimental evolutionary approaches. We evolved model communities with ecological interdependence among community members, which were subjected to two principal types of mass extinction: a pulse extinction that killed randomly, and a selective press extinction involving an alteration of the abiotic environment to which the communities had to adapt. These treatments were applied at two different strengths, along with unperturbed control experiments. We examined how stability in the digital communities was affected from the perspectives of division of labor, relative shift in rank abundance, and genealogical connectedness of the community's component ecotypes. Mass extinction that was due to a Strong Press treatment was most effective in producing reshaped communities that differed from the pre-treatment ones in all of the measured perspectives; weaker versions of the treatments did not generally produce significant departures from a Control treatment; and results for the Strong Pulse treatment generally fell between those extremes. The Strong Pulse treatment differed from others in that it produced a slight but detectable shift towards more generalized communities. Compared to Press treatments, Pulse treatments also showed a greater contribution from re-evolved ecological doppelgangers rather than new ecotypes. However, relatively few Control communities showed stability in any of these metrics over the whole course of the experiment, and most did not represent stable states (by some measure of stability) that were disrupted by the extinction treatments. Our results have interesting, broad qualitative parallels with findings from the paleontological record, and show the potential of digital evolution studies to illuminate many aspects of mass extinction and recovery by addressing them in a truly experimental manner.
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Hoebeke, E. Richard, and Sean R. Griffin. "First Record of the Palearctic Root WeevilOtiorhynchus porcatus(Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) in The United States and Additional Records of Other Adventive Weevils Occurring on the Isles of Shoals (Maine and New Hampshire)." Coleopterists Bulletin 69, no. 4 (December 2015): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.4.679.
Повний текст джерела
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Currie, L. A., J. E. Dibb, G. A. Klouda, B. A. Benner, J. M. Conny, S. R. Biegalski, D. B. Klinedinst, D. R. Cahoon, and N. C. Hsu. "The Pursuit of Isotopic and Molecular Fire Tracers in the Polar Atmosphere and Cryosphere." Radiocarbon 40, no. 1 (1997): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200018269.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We present an overview of recent multidisciplinary, multi-institutional efforts to identify and date major sources of combustion aerosol in the current and paleoatmospheres. The work was stimulated, in part, by an atmospheric particle “sample of opportunity” collected at Summit, Greenland in August 1994, that bore the 14C imprint of biomass burning. During the summer field seasons of 1995 and 1996, we collected air filter, surface snow and snowpit samples to investigate chemical and isotopic evidence of combustion particles that had been transported from distant fires. Among the chemical tracers employed for source identification are organic acids, potassium and ammonium ions, and elemental and organic components of carbonaceous particles. Ion chromatography, performed by members of the Climate Change Research Center (University of New Hampshire), has been especially valuable in indicating periods at Summit that were likely to have been affected by the long range transport of biomass burning aerosol. Univariate and multivariate patterns of the ion concentrations in the snow and ice pinpointed surface and snowpit samples for the direct analysis of particulate (soot) carbon and carbon isotopes. The research at NIST is focusing on graphitic and polycyclic aromatic carbon, which serve as almost certain indicators of fire, and measurements of carbon isotopes, especially 14C, to distinguish fossil and biomass combustion sources.Complementing the chemical and isotopic record, are direct “visual” (satellite imagery) records and less direct backtrajectory records, to indicate geographic source regions and transport paths. In this paper we illustrate the unique way in which the synthesis of the chemical, isotopic, satellite and trajectory data enhances our ability to develop the recent history of the formation and transport of soot deposited in the polar snow and ice.