Статті в журналах з теми "New Generation League"

Under the background of the decline in the hours of operation of thermal power generation equipment, based on Internet technology, a new mode of equipment state management, which integrates equipment responsibility to personnel, continuous tracking and updating of equipment status, and integration of test analysis and processing, A new idea of equipment maintenance for technology sharing, data sharing, and experience sharing has been realized. It has realized the orientation control of the daily work of the professional technicians of power generation enterprises, and at the same time, the equipment status tracking based on the equipment status is further exploration for the field of state maintenance.

The beginning of the twentieth century marked in China the emergence of “youth” (qingnian) as a distinct analytical category associated with national modernity. As the term qingnian assumed unprecedented significance, a new generation of educated youth aware of its role as agent of social change also came into being. In fact, the May Fourth movement turned Chinese youth into a social force that could be organized and mobilized for effective action by nascent ideologically committed political parties. The historical analysis of the Socialist/Communist Youth League, the Chinese Communist Party-affiliated youth organization, is rather biased, as official historiography tends to overemphasize its role as well as the symbiotic nature of its relationship with the Party. Moreover, so far Western scholars have carried out little work on the topic. This paper makes use of largely unexploited documentary material to reconstruct the history of the Youth League from its inception to its disbandment on the eve of the Sino-Japanese war, and to show how the League interacted with the party’s development in the early stage of the Communist movement. It argues that, in a political context of contestation over power, it was mainly conceived as a tool for Communist propaganda and mobilization of mass support. Yet, the League’s relationship with the party was not always one of symbiosis and subordination.

AbstractThe New Left that arose in West Germany during the 1960s mimicked the antifascist reformations of the 1930s. For grassroots campaigns, extraparliamentary opposition groups, and radical student organizations of the postwar decades, the Marxist humanist theories and revolutionary socialist splinter groups of the interwar years served as attractive models. At the same time, the Sixty-eighter generation rebelled against a political establishment now represented by that earlier generation of neoleftist pioneers, their parents. But generational conflict was just the symptom of a deeper problem in the history of the midcentury Left: a succession of radical new lefts arose out of periodic frustration at institutionalized politics. This article explores the missing link between Germany’s antifascist and antiauthoritarian new lefts: the so-called left socialists of the 1950s. In particular, Ossip K. Flechtheim’s science of futurology and Wolfgang Abendroth’s theory of antagonistic society translated antifascism’s legacies into a new paradigm of social protest. The left socialists’ support for the embattled Socialist German Student League laid the organizational and intellectual foundation for the sixties New Left. Recent studies of the “global sixties” have shown the transnational connections between new lefts across space; this article explains their continuity across time.

The advent of online advertising has drastically changed how football is approached and funded. No doubt, Information and Communication Technology has had huge impact on sports development across the globe and also has created new vista for sports promotion, marketing, sports followership and revenue generation. This study examines the influence of online advertising in the promotion of Nigeria Professional Football League (NPFL). The technological determinism theory was used as theoreti-cal basis for this research work. Survey method of research was adopted with four hundred copies of questionnaire administered to respondents in four States in the North- Central zone of Nigeria namely; Niger, Kogi, Benue and FCT. It was found that the extent of online advertising usage by the League Management Company (LMC) and NPFL club sides is poor in compare to its usage by other league organizers and club sides in advanced nations. Therefore, this study recommends that the league han-dlers should, immediately, consider setting up a fully equipped social media marketing team. This should include; web designers, graphic artists, online media influencers and advert executives. The LMC should also ensure the employment of professional web designers to revamp the look-and-feel of the site. Make it more user-friendly and updated constantly. Also, the website should be fully commercialized.

In our opinion, the most important event at the Twenty-fifth International Conference of the Red Cross was its adoption of the new Statutes and Rules of Procedure of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. These new texts are the outcome of a suggestion by the League and almost four years of negotiation with the ICRC. They set out guidelines for the Movement for the span of at least a generation, and the fact that they have been adopted by consensus is a guarantee of their soundness and their durability.

The Premier Rugby 7s case challenges students to consider a digital marketing strategy for a start-up professional sport league. Unlike many major sports in the American marketplace, the case presents Rugby 7s—a relative newcomer to the sporting marketplace—as the newest professional sport. In this case, marketing consultants are faced with the challenge of designing a digital marketing strategy for a “new generation” of sport fans. Drawing upon the tenets of traditional marketing, readers will explore the development of target markets, the challenges in introducing a new sport to fans, how to capitalize on new media trends, and how to differentiate their product in a crowded marketplace.

This article reintroduces the League of Nations Secretariat as a fundamentally significant object of historical study. By drawing on key insights from three generations of historiography on the Secretariat, the authors explore how historians can use a Bourdieusian conceptual framework to study this first major international administrative body. Each generation of literature has emphasized one of three professional archetypes – the bureaucrat, the diplomat and the technocrat. Moving beyond these archetypes, and applying Antoine Vauchez's concept of ‘weak fields’ and the notions of import, brokering capacity and hybridity, we see how the professional templates that were being imported into the Secretariat were culturally specific (mainly to Britain and Northern Europe) and how they were merged and reinvented to secure the smooth running of a multilateral, multinational and multivalent organization given charge of a series of new functions, thus producing new, specific forms of expertise exclusive to the Secretariat. Accordingly, we capture both the complexities of what kind of professional cultures came to dominate the Secretariat and the novelty of some of the types of expertise it rested upon: an important step towards a deeper understanding of the characteristics and role of international public administration in international politics in the twentieth century.

This paper presents an embedded control architecture constructed for Robo-Erectus, a soccer-playing humanoid robot developed at the Advanced Robotics and Intelligent Control Centre of Singapore Polytechnic. The Robo-Erectus team has participated in the KidSize category of RoboCup's Humanoid League since 2002, collecting different awards. The latest version of Robo-Erectus has many capabilities that can be exploited to improve the robot's behavior. The new embedded controller has made possible the first stage of the performance (displayed during RoboCup 2007), including network communication, mapping, and localization. The new mechanical, electronic design, embedded control architecture, and control schemes are described in this paper. In addition to the hardware, the paper presents details of the modules for gait generation, vision, behavior control, and communication.

The goal of this study was to prepare a practical strategy that can help the successful settlement of the Asian quota system and the success and development of Korean professional volleyball. Through in-depth interviews, participants were asked to respond about the expected effects of the introduction of the Asian quota, and the results were derived using content analysis and keyword analysis. The research results can be summarized as follows: (1) in the keyword analysis of expected effects, keywords such as performance improvement, competitiveness, fandom, profit generation, globalization, and the Korean wave of volleyball were frequently appeared. (2) Regarding the introduction of the Asian quota system, the participants showed a positive attitude rather than a negative attitude, and said that the Asian quota system would improve the league's performance and competitiveness. (3) Participants expected that a new fan base would flow into Korean professional volleyball and a fandom would be formed due to the player selected for the Asian Quota. (4) The introduction of the Asian quota could generate additional revenue for the V-League and clubs and would be of financial help. (5) The Asian Quota can play a role as a medium for the integration of Korean multicultural society and the development and growth of the Korean volleyball agent system was also identified. Based on the results, Korea Volleyball Federation (KOVO) will have to carry out marketing for the expansion of the V-League into the Asian market, using the introduction of the Asian quota system as a stepping stone. We hope that Korean professional volleyball will become the central axis of Korean sports through KOVO's global marketing including the Asian Quota.

Mountain hikes in the service of the education of a “new” man in the interwar periodAfter the end of the First World War and rebirth of the Polish state, one of the most important objectives in visions of social education was the formation of a lasting system of moral concepts of Poles, a system that was the basis of constructing a “new” citizen. Inspirations for actions undertook by Polish teachers and tutors, which were to bring about a strengthening of values like patriotism, freedom, friendship, tolerance, respect for work, were ideas promoted by national and international organisations, e.g. League of Nations, International League of New Education, Society of Teachers from Schools and Higher Education Institutions, Polish Teachers’ Union or youth organisations of e.g. scouts. Methods of upbringing described in Polish pedagogical literature and applied in practice, which were appreciated by European scholars, included various forms of working with students outside school. These included excursions, trips, hiking camps, also in the mountains. The value of being in the mountains, the effort involved in climbing them, the need to educate a generation of young tourists respecting the natural environment were discussed in guides for tutors, teachers, regional studies specialists, and in the tourist press. The author examines selected publications, primarily tourist press addressed to young readers Orli Lot, Młody Krajoznawca Śląski, Młody Taternik in order to reconstruct the means used to functionalise the topic of mountain hikes in the interwar period.

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the World Health Organization’s Healthy Aging and Age Friendly Environment are comprehensive guidelines in ascertaining global standards for betterment of aging populations. However, as an economically established and highly organised city-state, Singapore has its own separate set of criteria regarding successful aging. This paper explores the contexts of living, working, and playing in Singapore’s current 65 and over population and the population over the age of 65 by 2050. The study demonstrates that these elderly life contexts are not only dissimilar to those on which the UN and WHO guidelines are based, but are uniquely Singaporean. These life, work and play contexts of an aging population also generate a new set of criteria that impact the model in urban planning and design for the tropical island-state. In this paper I argue that Singapore’s current 65 and over population is not the typical aging population, but one characterised by an extended lifespan with autonomy, employability, and vitality. These characteristics will be even more prominent for the country’s over the age of 65 by 2050 population, which will be comprised of the current Gen X and Millennials. To maintain sustainability and adaptability, urbanisation strategies in Singapore need to take into consideration these different generations of an aging population, which necessitate that planning and design recognise sets of criteria unique to each generation.

The article draws a parallel between the military coup in Myanmar in 2021 and the events of 1988, when a new generation of military came to power to replace the older one. The author believes that the scenario of the events of the late 80s − early and mid- 90s is repeated. The imposition of sanctions by Western countries and international financial organizations will lead the country to even greater economic and political dependence on China. Special attention is being paid to the criminal case being fabricated against the ousted leaders of the country and the National League for Democracy in order to eliminate this party from the electoral field in the future.

ObjectiveTo develop new classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) jointly supported by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR).MethodsThis international initiative had four phases. (1) Evaluation of antinuclear antibody (ANA) as an entry criterion through systematic review and meta-regression of the literature and criteria generation through an international Delphi exercise, an early patient cohort and a patient survey. (2) Criteria reduction by Delphi and nominal group technique exercises. (3) Criteria definition and weighting based on criterion performance and on results of a multi-criteria decision analysis. (4) Refinement of weights and threshold scores in a new derivation cohort of 1001 subjects and validation compared with previous criteria in a new validation cohort of 1270 subjects.ResultsThe 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria for SLE include positive ANA at least once as obligatory entry criterion; followed by additive weighted criteria grouped in seven clinical (constitutional, haematological, neuropsychiatric, mucocutaneous, serosal, musculoskeletal, renal) and three immunological (antiphospholipid antibodies, complement proteins, SLE-specific antibodies) domains, and weighted from 2 to 10. Patients accumulating ≥10 points are classified. In the validation cohort, the new criteria had a sensitivity of 96.1% and specificity of 93.4%, compared with 82.8% sensitivity and 93.4% specificity of the ACR 1997 and 96.7% sensitivity and 83.7% specificity of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics 2012 criteria.ConclusionThese new classification criteria were developed using rigorous methodology with multidisciplinary and international input, and have excellent sensitivity and specificity. Use of ANA entry criterion, hierarchically clustered and weighted criteria reflect current thinking about SLE and provide an improved foundation for SLE research.

Within a field meeting of experts from the Russian branch of the League Against Epilepsy (RLAE), diagnostic and treatment aspects of epilepsy were discussed with the emphasis on the female population (girls, women of childbearing and older ages). All experts underscored the special features and unique needs of female patients with epilepsy. Experimental and clinical studies on efficacy and safety of traditional and novel antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) applied to women with epilepsy were discussed. It was commonly agreed that the new generation of AEDs did not yet find an appropriate place in the clinical practice, and that they were mainly used as add-on therapy in order to overcome drug resistance. The current use of AEDs in the treatment of epilepsy is, by large, not gender-specific and is not related enough to age, sociodemographic characteristics, and comorbid disorders. It should be noted that the new AEDs are addressed specifically to individual, socio-demographic, gender and clinical features of the patient. The potential of some AEDs (lamotrigine), in fact, remains underestimated by practitioners. Due to the current restrictions in using valproic acid, lamotrigine is the alternative medication for women with epilepsy. Having a balanced profile of efficacy and safety, lamotrigine is recommended as the first choice drug for initial therapy, as well as an alternative monotherapy for epilepsy in women.These data were presented at the Russian League Against Epilepsy (RLAE) on-site meeting “Epilepsy and Woman” 18 September 2019 (Ohrid, Makedonia).

Did the creation of Protestant churches in Germany during Luther's generation follow someone's intentions? Heiko Oberman, appealing to a medieval Luther, portrays the reformer as herald of a dawning apocalypse, a monk at war with the devil, who expected God to judge the world and rescue Christians with no help from human institutions, abilities, and processes. This Luther could not have intended the creation of a new church. Dorothea Wendebourg and Hans-Jürgen Goertz stress the diversity of early evangelical movements. Goertz argues that anticlericalism helped the early Reformation's gamut of spiritual, political, economic, and social trends to coalesce into moderate and radical groups, whereas Wendebourg suggests that the movements were only united in the judgment of the Counter Reformation.

Precipitation modeling holds significant importance in various fields such as agriculture, animal husbandry, weather derivatives, hydrology, and risk and disaster preparedness. Stochastic precipitation generators (SPGs) represent a class of statistical models designed to generate synthetic data capable of simulating dry and wet precipitation stretches for a long duration. The construction of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), which treat latent meteorological circumstances as hidden states, is an efficient technique for simulating precipitation. Considering that there are many choices of emission distributions used to generate positive precipitation, the characteristics of different distributions for simulating positive precipitation have not been fully explored. The paper includes a simulation study that demonstrates how the Pareto distribution, when used as the distribution for generating positive precipitation, addresses the limitations of the exponential and gamma distributions in predicting heavy precipitation events. Additionally, the Pareto distribution offers flexibility through adjustable parameters, making it a promising option for precipitation modeling. We can estimate parameters in HMMs using forward–backward algorithms, Variational Bayes Expectation-Maximization (VBEM), and Stochastic Variational Bayes (SVB). In the Xilingol League, located in the central part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, our study involved data analysis to identify crucial locations demonstrating a robust correlation and notable partial correlation between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and annual precipitation. We performed fitting of monthly dry days ratios and monthly precipitation using seasonal precipitation and year-round precipitation data at these crucial locations. Subsequently, we conducted precipitation predictions for the daily, monthly, and annual time frames using the new test dataset observations. The study concludes that the SPG fits the monthly dry-day ratio better for annual daily precipitation data than for seasonal daily precipitation data. The fitting error for the monthly dry day ratio corresponding to annual daily precipitation data is 0.053 (exponential distribution) and 0.066 (Pareto distribution), while for seasonal daily precipitation data, the fitting error is 0.14 (exponential distribution) and 0.15 (Pareto distribution). The exponential distribution exhibits the poorest performance as a model for predicting future precipitation, with average errors of 2.49 (daily precipitation), 40.62 (monthly precipitation), and 130.40 (annual precipitation). On the other hand, the Pareto distribution demonstrates the best overall predictive performance, with average errors of 0.69 (daily precipitation), 34.69 (monthly precipitation), and 66.42 (annual precipitation). The results of this paper can provide decision support for future grazing strategies in the Xilingol League.

Drug-resistant epilepsy occurs in 25–30% of patients. Furthermore, treatment with a first-generation antiseizure drug (ASD) fails in 30–40% of individuals because of their intolerable adverse effects. Over the past three decades, 20 newer- (second- and third-)generation ASDs with unique mechanisms of action and pharmacokinetic profiles have been introduced into clinical practice. This advent has expanded the therapeutic armamentarium of epilepsy and broadens the choices of ASDs to match the individual patient’s characteristics. In recent years, research has been focused on defining the ASD of choice for different seizure types. In 2017, the International League Against Epilepsy published a new classification for seizure types and epilepsy syndrome. This classification has been of paramount importance to accurately classify the patient’s seizure type(s) and prescribe the ASD that is appropriate. A year later, the American Academy of Neurology published a new guideline for ASD selection in adult and pediatric patients with new-onset and treatment-resistant epilepsy. The guideline primarily relied on studies that compare the first-generation and second-generation ASDs, with limited data for the efficacy of third-generation drugs. While researchers have been called for investigating those drugs in future research, epilepsy specialists may wish to share their personal experiences to support the treatment guidelines. Given the rapid advances in the development of ASDs in recent years and the continuous updates in definitions, classifications, and treatment guidelines for seizure types and epilepsy syndromes, this review aims to present a complete overview of the current state of the literature about the efficacy and tolerability of ASDs and provide guidance to clinicians about selecting appropriate ASDs for initial treatment of epilepsy according to different seizure types and epilepsy syndromes based on the current literature and recent US and UK practical guidelines.

The paper scrutinizes the literary output of George Moore with reference to the expectations of the new generation of Irish writers emerging at the beginning of the twentieth century. Although George Moore is considered to belong to the Anglo-Irish ascendancy writers, he began his writing career from dissociating himself from the literary achievements of his own social class. His infatuation with the ideals of the Gaelic League not only brought him back to Dublin, but also encouraged him to write short stories analogous to famous Ivan Turgenev’s The Sportsman’s Sketches. The idea of using a Russian writer as a role model went along with the Gaelic League advocating the reading of non-English European literature in search for inspiration. However the poet’s involvement in the public cause did not last long. His critical view on Ireland together with his uncompromising approach towards literature resulted in a final disillusionment with the movement. The paper focuses on this particular period of Moore’s life in order to show how this seemingly unfruitful cooperation became essential for the development of Irish literature in the twentieth century. The Untilled Field, though not translated into Irish, still marks the beginning of a new genre into Irish literature—a short story. More importantly, the collection served as a source of inspiration for Joyce’s Dubliners. These and other aspects of Moore’s literary life are supposed to draw attention to the complexity of the writer’s literary output and his underplayed role in the construction of the literary Irish identity.

Aim: Oral health is important for elite sports performance, general health, and well-being. However, there is no comparison of oral microbiota in athletes with health, athletic performance, branches and general population in the literature. The aim of this study is to examine some bacterial genus in the oral microbiota of athletes and sedentary individuals. Methods: Fifteen male volunteers (age, 18-24 years) participated in the study and they were divided into 3 groups. The first group consisted of male athletes playing football in the professional league (n=5), the second group consisted of male athletes playing football in the amateur league (n=5) and the third group who did not active in any physical activity (sedentary) males (n=5). An oral swab sample was taken for the participants' oral microbiota measurements. Bioinformatics analyzes of the samples were made using the Illumina MiSeq analyzer with the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) method. Results: The microbial community profiles obtained were compared with each other and dendrograms were created using the Minitab 17 software. In the oral microbiota analysis of the groups, the dominant bacterial genus: Prevotella, Lachnospiraceae, Haemophilus, Leptotrichia and Streptococcus were found in the oral cavity. Lachnospiraceae and Streptococcus types of bacterias were found to be higher in the sport groups than the sedentary group, and there was a statistically significant difference found between them (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in Prevotella, Leptotrichia and Haemophilus bacteria between the athlete and sedentary groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: In the results, the oral microbiota of the group of athletes was associated with poor oral health. It can be said that football training performed both at a professional and amateur level may affect the important bacterial species in the oral microbiota of athletes. Keywords: Oral microbiota, football, athlete, sedentary, new generation sequencing (NGS)

The 2017 partnership between the National Football League (NFL) and Amazon Web Services (AWS) promises novel forms of cutting-edge real-time statistical analysis through the use of both radio frequency identification (RFID) chips and Amazon’s cloud-based machine learning and data-analytics tools. This use of RFID is heralded for its possibilities: for broadcasters, who are now capable of providing more thorough analysis; for fans, who can experience the game on a deeper analytical level using the NFL’s Next Gen Stats; and for coaches, who can capitalize on data-driven pattern recognition to gain a statistical edge over their competitors in real-time. In this paper, we respond to calls for further examination of the discursive positionings of RFID and big data technologies (Frith 2015; Kitchin and Dodge 2011). Specifically, this synthesis of RFID and cloud computing infrastructure via corporate partnership provides an alternative discursive positioning of two technologies that are often part of asymmetrical relations of power (Andrejevic 2014). Consequently, it is critical to examine the efforts of Amazon and the NFL to normalize pervasive spatial data collection and analytics to a mass audience by presenting these surveillance technologies as helpful tools for accessing new forms of data-driven knowing and analysis.

The clandestine contacts between Parnell and the Irish Republican Brotherhood as he rose to national leadership in the first years of the land war provoked political controversy in his lifetime and have aroused speculation ever since. Michael Davitt and John Denvir both tried to recruit Parnell into the I.R.B. in 1878 and were told that he was determined never to join a secret society; but some years ago Paul Bew drew attention to a different allegation contained in an anonymous article published in 1930 in An Phoblacht. The writer claimed that as a youth he was one of the Land League organisers imprisoned in Kilmainham jail under Forster’s administration, and recollected a few incidents ‘for the benefit of the younger generation who stand face to face with the same authorities—under a new disguise today’. He described, among other things, the drafting of the ‘no-rent manifesto’ by William O’Brien and I.R.B. recruitment among the prisoners. The article then stated that soon after Parnell’s release from Kilmainham in 1882 he met a Land League organiser from the west while on his way to consult the records of Griffith’s valuation in Trinity College library, that they walked to the library together discussing constitutionalism and physical force, and that in the library Parnell at his own request took the I.R.B. oath, having first pledged the organiser to secrecy for as long as Parnell lived. (The article then casually continues for several paragraphs of reminiscence and reflection.)

Abstract With an intense desire to improve the conditions of his native Harlem, New York, Holcombe Rucker established the city’s first summer basketball league and tournament. He established these activities because he believed his community deserved better. Rucker’s passion for teaching and mentoring young people through basketball consumed his short life. The sacrifices he made for Harlem, the lives of countless youth, and the game of basketball deserve more recognition. His spirit and legacy should not reside only on the basketball courts of Rucker Park. True to his motto of “Each One, Teach One,” each time someone he taught instilled those lessons in another person his spirit is revived, and his legacy is reborn. Investigation into Holcombe Rucker’s life and his mission to give the children of his community a better chance at overcoming their disadvantages serves as a reminder that he was a man who inspired a generation to reach beyond what it ever thought possible.

European League Against Rheumatism and are jointly supporting multiphase development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) classification criteria based on weighted criteria and a continuous probability scale. Prior steps included item generation, item reduction and hierarchical organisation of candidate criteria using an evidence-based approach. Our objectives were to determine relative weights using multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) and to set a provisional threshold score for SLE classification. An SLE Expert Panel (8 European, 9 North American) submitted 164 real, unique cases with a wide range of SLE probability in a standardised format. Using the candidate criteria, experts scored and rank-ordered 20 representative cases. At an in-person meeting, experts reviewed inter-rater reliability of scoring, further refined criteria definitions and participated in an MCDA exercise. Based on expert consensus decisions on pairwise comparisons of criteria, 1000minds software calculated criteria weights and rank-ordered the remaining 144 cases based on their additive scores. The score of the lowest-ranked case for which complete expert consensus was achieved defined the provisional threshold classification score. Inter-rater reliability of scoring cases with the candidate criteria was good. MCDA involved 74 pairwise decisions and was repeated for the arthritis and mucocutaneous domains when the initial ranking of some cases did not match expert opinion. After criteria weights and additive scores were recalculated once, experts reached consensus for SLE classification for all cases scoring>83. Using an iterative process, the candidate criteria definitions were refined, preliminary weights were calculated and a provisional threshold score for SLE classification was determined.

AbstractProgressive Era school officials transformed public education in American cities by teaching male students trades like foundry, carpentry, and mechanics in classrooms outfitted like factories. Historians have demonstrated how this “vocational education movement” was championed by male administrators and business leaders anxious to train the next generation of expert tradesmen. But women also hoped vocational education could prepare female students for industrial careers. In the early twentieth century, members of the National Women’s Trade Union League demanded that public schools open trade programs to female students and teach future working women the history of capitalism and the philosophy of collective bargaining. Their ambitious goals were tempered by some middle-class reformers and club women who argued vocational programs should also prepare female students for homemaking and motherhood. This article uses Chicago as a case study to explore how Progressive Era women competed and collaborated to reform vocational education for girls, and how female students responded to new school programs designed to prepare them for work both in and outside the home.

Abstract The construction industry did not just evolve on its own. It is a product of the conscious efforts of several individuals called construction workers. In Nigeria, it is a large employer of the population, skilled, unskilled, and professional. However, the Nigerian construction industry, similar to other industries, is currently in a phase of economic reform. This is largely attributed to the present economic situation. The current recession condition of the Nigerian economy has an adverse effect on the income of the citizenry. This implies that other sources of income alongside the basic firsthand means of income generation have to be sourced. This dilemma is more prominent among women. Considering the construction industry, professional female construction workers have been observed to join the league of those involved in ancillary income generation occupations. It is worth noting, however, that there are few professional female construction workers in the first place. This paper addresses whether this drift is a diversification or deviation of Nigerian professional female construction workers to vocational occupations, by a rigorous review of related literature. The result shows that this new trend among professional female construction workers is a welcome one if it is diversification because this will improve the productiveness of the individual involved and, in the long run, better the economy. On the other hand, this work finds that if these vocational occupations make professional female construction workers leave their construction field totally or almost totally, then there is a threat to female population in the construction industry. However, diversification is encouraged.

Objective The European League Against Rheumatism and the American College of Rheumatology jointly embarked on a new classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) project. Its first phase involved generation of a broad set of items potentially useful for classification of SLE. This study was undertaken to add the patient perspective to an expert Delphi approach and an early patient cohort study. Methods A national cross-sectional study was conducted. A self-report questionnaire was published in the “Schmetterling” (Butterfly), the quarterly journal of the German SLE patient association. Individuals with SLE were asked to anonymously complete the questionnaire, which asked for demographic details, organ manifestations, autoantibodies and symptoms. Results A total of 339 completed questionnaires out of 2498 were returned, a response rate of 13.6%; 83.2% reported they were ANA positive and 81.7% reported joint, 66.1% skin and 33.0% renal involvement. For the time before and in the first year after their SLE diagnosis, the majority reported fatigue (89.4%), joint pain (86.7%), photosensitivity (79.4%) and myalgia (76.1%). Of interest, more than half of the patients reported fever as an early symptom (53.7%). Conclusion For a Caucasian European SLE patient population, the overall characteristics suggest meaningful representation. While many symptoms were reported as expected, the high percentage of patients reporting fever and the significant number of patients with unexpected gastrointestinal complaints are of particular interest. These data add to the information on early SLE symptoms informing the development process of new SLE classification criteria.

The article is an overview of the problem of TV series as a mass culture phenomenon. The purpose of the article is an attempt to rethink the role of television series in the modern socio-cultural sphere, determining their role for humanity in general, and identifying ways for further research in this area. We understand mass culture as a very wide range of phenomena, which surround people every day, especially in the field of human leisure. There are various forms of leisure: walks, reading, watching TV series, etc. Today, we can talk about TV series as a cultural phenomenon that cannot be left out of the attention of academic circles because of the fact that TV shows are viewed by the vast majority of people around the world who have a TV or the Internet connection. Today, this genre of television performs not only an entertaining function, but also an educational, informational, propaganda function, etc. These days the TV series is no longer a mere entertainment for housewives. Netflix and HBO TV series exceeds all expectations, they are expensive, serious, interesting, historically reliable, they are beyond the so-called "low culture", evolving into something completely new. But what exactly? They are very similar in their construction to the new myth, they create new meanings, they form the consciousness of the new generation, now they are turning into a new type of communication and means of propaganda. Now it is not embarrassing to say that you love TV series. More and more foreign TV shows are being released for the intellectual elite. Is the series really not a guilty pleasure anymore? We cannot say with certainty that "they went to a higher league", but the fact is that they cause serious interest among contemporary culturologists, philosophers and sociologists. The series is an endless source for research by humanitarian scholars, and besides, it's a good way to spend a free time after a hard work day.

With an aging demographic, and the abundance of physical inactivity in Canada, sport professionals need to understand how best to recruit and retain adults in sport and recreational activities, namely, golf leagues. Canadian golf league participants (N = 419; Mage = 62 years old) completed an online survey detailing their propensity to utilize a variety of information sources prior to making the decision to join a golf league. Results from a principal component analysis of a revised Information Sources Inventory, suggested that golfers in this sample were most likely to utilize Personal and Social sources of information associated with their league participation decision. While no differences emerged in information source preferences across Age or levels of Involvement, women (m = 4.12, SD = 1.30) were significantly more likely to utilize Public information sources than were men (m = 3.64, SD = 1.26). Implications from the information source preferences are discussed with the goal of generating more effective marketing strategies to recruit new golfers, lapsed golfers, or golfers who do not currently engage in league play.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease that may lead to skin and internal organ fibrosis. Based on skin involvement, two subsets of the disease are recognized (limited cutaneous SSc and diffuse cutaneous SSc). The new 2013 American College of Rheumatology/European League against Rheumatism classification criteria allow to identify SSc patients at the early stage of the disease that allows new research avenues. The aetiology of the disease is still unknown, but it has an important autoimmune basis and its association with other autoimmune diseases has been reproducibly reported. Among them, primary biliary cholangitis is considered the most common liver disease in SSc. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on recent findings about SSc associated to primary biliary cholangitis. Although the aetiology of the two diseases is still unknown, data suggest that these two disorders share the expression of fibrogenic cytokines, involved both in generation and function of T lymphocytes subpopulation (Th17 cells) and regulatory T lymphocytes. In addition, the relationships between SSc and primary biliary cholangitis may be closer as suggested by the presence of primary biliary cholangitis–specific antibodies in SSc patients and vice versa. Recent findings confirm a prevalence of overt primary biliary cholangitis in about 2% of SSc population, in particular in patients with limited cutaneous SSc and positive anticentromere antibodies. The prevalence increases if also patients with only primary biliary cholangitis–specific antibodies are considered. Data regarding SSc prevalence in primary biliary cholangitis patients have also been recently clarified. Altogether, stimulating results are moving the field forward regarding the relationships of these two autoimmune and fibrotic disorders that may belong to an overlapping entity.

Nematodes are non-segmented roundworms evenly distributed with various habitats ranging to approximately every ecological extremity. These are the least studied organisms despite being the most diversified group. Nematodes are the most critical equilibrium-maintaining factors, having implications on the yield and health of plants as well as well-being of animals. However, taxonomic knowledge about nematodes is scarce. As a result of the lack of precise taxonomic features, nematode taxonomy remains uncertain. Morphology-based identification has proved inefficacious in identifying and exploring the diversity of nematodes, as there are insufficient morphological variations. Different molecular and new evolving methodologies have been employed to augment morphology-based approaches and bypass these difficulties with varying effectiveness. These identification techniques vary from molecular-based targeting DNA or protein-based targeting amino acid sequences to methods for image processing. High-throughput approaches such as next-generation sequencing have also been added to this league. These alternative approaches have helped to classify nematodes and enhanced the base for increased diversity and phylogeny of nematodes, thus helping to formulate increasingly more nematode bases for use as model organisms to study different hot topics about human well-being. Here, we discuss all the methods of nematode identification as an essential shift from classical morphometric studies to the most important modern-day and molecular approaches for their identification. Classification varies from DNA/protein-based methods to the use of new emerging methods. However, the priority of the method relies on the quality, quantity, and availability of nematode resources and down-streaming applications. This paper reviews all currently offered methods for the detection of nematodes and known/unknown and cryptic or sibling species, emphasizing modern-day methods and budding molecular techniques.

ObjectiveTo gain more insight into the dynamics of lymphocyte depletion and develop new predictors of clinical response to rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsRNA-based next-generation sequencing was used to analyse the B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire in peripheral blood and synovial tissue samples collected from 24 seropositive patients with RA treated with rituximab. Clonal expansion, mutation load and clonal overlap were assessed in samples collected before, at week 4 and at week 16 or 24 after treatment and correlated to the patients’ clinical response.ResultsAfter 4 weeks of rituximab-induced B cell depletion, the peripheral blood BCR repertoire of treated patients consisted of fewer, more dominant and more mutated BCR clones. No significant changes in the synovial tissue BCR repertoire were detected until week 16 post-treatment, when a reduced clonal overlap with baseline and an increased mutation load were observed. In patients who were non-responders at month 3 (n=5) using the European League Against Rheumatism response criteria, peripheral blood samples taken at week 4 after rituximab treatment showed more dominant clones compared with moderate responders (n=9) (median (IQR): 36 (27–52) vs 18 (16–26); p<0.01) and more clonal overlap with the baseline (median (IQR): 5% (2%–20%) vs 0% (0%–0%); p≤0.01).ConclusionSignificant changes in BCR clonality are observed in peripheral blood of patients 4 weeks after rituximab treatment, while changes in synovial tissue were observed at later time points. Incomplete depletion of the dominant baseline peripheral blood BCR repertoire in the first month of treatment might predict clinical non-response at 3 months.

The Nazi assault on Gypsies as an undesirable group was launched in the first months of the Third Reich. By the end of 1933, the outlines of a policy of total removal and, if possible, extinction were in place. Over the course of the first year of Hitler's rule, Gypsies had been numbered among those destined for mass sterilization. The goal of preventing their propagation had been pronounced on July 14 when the new cabinet issued a statement (with the force of law) proclaiming the concept of Lebensunwertesleben—life unworthy of living—a category of person that, at the time, specifically and indiscriminately included and embraced all Gypsies. Shortly thereafter, exploratory contacts were made with the League of Nations to assess the practicability of allocating one or two Polynesian islands to which the Gypsies could be deported. By September 1933, the Ministry of Interior announced a more realizable preliminary plan to arrest persons with no fixed and permanent addresses (i.e. primarily Gypsies) and to incarcerate them in special detention camps as a means of removing them from the mainstream of society. There the Gypsies would be rendered preemptively criminally harmless, (since they were described as a potential detriment to the general German population), and biologically “futureless” (zukunftloss) by way of mass sterilization.In retrospect, the central ingredients for a formula of genocide, for the complete extermination of the Gypsies, were all in place: an ideology which deprived them of the basic right to life; a process of law by edict, which subjected them to totalitarian rule; a hypothetical plan to deport them abroad, and a more concrete one to isolate them from the citizenry, by segregating them in prison-like compounds, deprived of all civil rights; and a technology of physical mutilation that would deny them progeny and a link with a biological future, by literally destroying the unconceived next generation. Thus, a skeletal blueprint for the genocide of Gypsies by the racial architects of the Nazi regime had been drawn up by the end of 1933 well before the first Gypsies in Germany were rounded up in January 1934.

The connoisseurs of Bengali literature in the early twentieth century had found a new treasure trove of folk ballads from the far-flung villages of eastern Bengal. The discovery of these ballads is often ascribed to Chandra Kumar Dey who first published the details of a few ballads in a periodical named Saurabh. Later, Dey worked under the guidance of noted historian Dinesh Chandra Sen to collect more of these ballads which mainly existed in shared memory of people and were disseminated orally from one generation to the next. Dinesh Chandra Sen had successfully used the findings of this research to secure a consecutive Ramtanu Lahiri Fellowship and drew considerable critical attention from Indologists such as Romain Rolland and Stella Kramrisch. Sen’s Eastern Bengal Ballads (1926) and Mymensingh Gitika (1921) published as part of Ramtanu Lahiri Fellowship shed important lights on the nature of these ballads and how these ballads can be important tool to recover a pre-colonial and pre-Brahminic renaissance past which exhibit the features of an unadulterated Bengali past of peaceful coexistence of Hindu and Muslims. Dinesh Chandra Sen and certain other contemporary intellectuals used these ballads as an important cultural tool to encounter a political outrage that tore through Bengal with the proposal of Bengal Partition of 1905. Though Lord Hardinge had annulled the proposed partition in 1911 yet the tension remained palpable. With the establishment of All India Muslim League (1906) and separated political interests communal riots became a more regular phenomenon in the twentieth century of which the Mymensingh riot of 1906-07 and a series of riots in and around Calcutta between 1918 and 1926 are few more prominent disastrous examples. Therefore, the discovery and subsequent popularity of these ballads cannot simply be termed as literary endeavour, underneath, there was this quasi-political urge to encounter the series of political violence that were to leave a permanent scar upon Bengali minds. The proposed paper would try to trace the dissemination of these ballads in the cultural sphere of twentieth century Bengal and the possible political implications of it.

The food at the All-College Dining Commons (ACDC) at Vassar College stinks. Not that is literally smells foul; it just isn’t very good. The high-achieving community college students in the Exploring Transfer Program (ET) eat breakfast and dinner there for the five weeks that they are studying at Vassar. Ironically, the course I co-taught in ET for two summers, with the Chair of Environmental Studies, is entitled Feast or Famine: Food, Society, Environment. This course is a survey of issues concerning food systems, such as industrial farming, the role of agricultural lobbyists in Washington, overfishing, food sovereignty in developing countries, food stamps, food deserts, the USDA, FDA, WTO, IMF, etc. And yet, with all of the knowledge the students are gleaning from authors like Marion Nestle, Michael Pollan, Wendell Berry and myriad others, they have to eat the crappy food at ACDC. We have had students in this course from Argentina, Bosnia, Bourkina Faso, China, El Salvador, Ghana, Guyana, Haiti, Italy, Mexico, Pakistan, Poland, the Philippines, Sweden, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam. They come from community colleges mostly in the New York area, but also from as far away as Boston, Maine, Los Angeles, and Diné Community College, which is on a Navajo reservation in Northern Arizona. This program—over 30 years old and with over 1,000 alumni—is a sort of academic boot camp for community college students who hope to transfer to an elite liberal arts college, a Research 1 university, or an Ivy League school. It’s a full scholarship program during which they take two courses in five weeks, each team-taught by a community college professor and a Vassar professor. “AC/DC” seems an apt metaphor for the ET program; not for its pop-metal connotations but because of the fact that it demands that students that are accustomed to operating in one current suddenly adjust to quite another. The question that arises out of the experience of eating ACDC, though—of being low-income, immigrant, first-generation college students, studying at one of the whitest and most expensive schools in the country and yet being forced to eat poor food—is “how do they develop a sense of personal agency,” since that is what the transition through community college and onto a school like Vassar requires.

This article explores the response of the moderate wing of the civil rights movement to the war in Vietnam. The moderates, made up of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the National Urban League, and leaders such as Bayard Rustin and A. Philip Randolph, were initially opposed to the civil rights movement taking a stand against the war. This reluctance was the result of a number of factors, including anti-communism and their own closeness with the administration of President Lyndon Johnson. Crucially, it also resulted from their own experiences of the black freedom struggle itself. The article also documents and analyses the growing anti-war dissent amongst the moderates, culminating in the decision of both the NAACP and the Urban League to adopt an anti-war stance at the end of the 1960s. Despite this, they remained unenthusiastic about participating in peace movement activities, and the reasons for this are explained. Finally, the article suggests that the war was important in exposing existing divisions within the civil rights movement, as well as in generating new ones.

This lesson uses Dad, Jackie, and Me, a book that takes place during the summer of 1947 and focuses on Jackie Robinson as the new first baseman for the Brooklyn Dodgers as well as the first black player in Major League Baseball. In the book, a young boy shares the excitement of Robinson's rookie season with his deaf father, who sees Robinson's perseverance through prejudice on and off the field as a parallel to his own experience. This lesson focuses on the challenges and hardships of discrimination and how an individual can have an impact on society and future generations. This lesson can be used with upper elementary students to examine discrimination and various people that overcame the hardships brought on by discrimination.

This article aims to illuminate how non-state actors participate in forging public institutions and in establishing public agendas. It also sets out to identify novel mechanisms of state building. It does so by examining the historical experience of the Immigrants' Protective League (IPL) from its founding in 1908 through 1924. The history of the IPL highlights the role of organized, networked women in generating new boundary stories and doing boundary work; in conducting research and enhancing legibility; in incubating new policy experiments; and in moving the national, state, and local governments to take up new tasks in the progressive era. Focusing on women's activism in this period, and efforts to link immigrants to categories of the vulnerable, reveals that porous boundaries, hybrid power-sharing arrangements, and public-private collaborations may be more typical in forging new American institutions and public agendas than is generally recognized—and insufficiently captured by a narrative of a weak state borrowing temporary capacity from private actors.

AbstractSupported by Athens and Ankara, and implemented largely by the League of Nations, the Greek–Turkish population exchange uprooted and resettled hundreds of thousands. The aim here was not to organize plebiscites, channel self-determination claims, or install protective mechanisms for minorities – all familiar features of the Allies’ management of imperial disintegration in Europe after 1919. Nor was it to restructure a given economy and society from top to bottom, generating an entirely new legal order in the process; this had often been the case with colonialism, and would characterize much of the Mandate System in the interbellum. Instead, the goal was to deploy a unique legal mechanism – not in conformity with European practice, but also distinct from most extra-European governance regimes – in order to resolve ethno-national conflict by redividing land, reshaping national identities, and unleashing new processes of capital accumulation.

The basis of modern company management is the marketing concept, the customer-oriented management and strategic planning, the managerial decisions matching the market opportunities, challenges, and the company objectives and opportunities. Marketing research is the input for corporate strategy, while on the other hand elaboration of the marketing strategy is based on the objectives of corporate strategy. The sports developments that started at the beginning of the 20th.century have been of high relevance, but still incomparable to the current measure of development. Generally, the countries of Western-Europe, due to their better economic performance, have achieved a higher level of development far earlier than the post-communist countries. The political and economic change of the 90s in the 20th century, later the EU enlargement opened a range of new economic opportunities also for our region. The sports marketing, similarly to marketing activity in other sectors and fields, has made relevant progress. The obsolete sports facilities were replaced by modern and well-equipped facilities. The customers were offered a wide variety of sports equipment and sports services. The objective of the research is to examine the services and products of a football club in the Slovak Premier League (Fortuna League) in terms of consumerism, as well as to summarize the consumer experience and opinion, emphasizing the marketing aspect. We formulated two hypotheses in this study. Chi-square test of independence was used for testing our hypotheses, with the help of which we examined several variables at the same time – and also the joint distribution of several variables. The results show a significant relationship between the age groups and the consumer habit of the customers at football matches. The outcome of the study also indicates that neither the age nor the distance from the sports event can influence the fans of the football club to attend the sporting event. Our results could be used by Slovak football clubs to make their marketing more precise and more efficient. Keywords: consumer behavior, generations, marketing, Slovakia, sports marketing.

This case discusses about the Indian retail sector with special reference to sports retailing. Though India is the world’s second largest country in population, the importance given to the sports activity was not significant until the early 2000s. Of late, sporting is seen as a profession and many youth are actively seeking a career in sports. Many new leagues have been started, providing an opportunity to the younger generation to excel and have a career in sports and sports-related fields. This case details about the company Decathlon India on how they entered into the market and their strategies to offer value to the customers.

AbstractIn this article, I explore how the rapid commercialism and commodification of Turkish premier league football has affected the activities of a particular fan group, Çarşı, for the club Beşiktaş, one of Turkey's oldest teams. I look at how elements of the commodification of football have been harnessed and mediated by Çarşı to make ethical and political statements and convey an anarcho-socialist message. These processes, I argue, are driven by the possibilities opened up by rapid social and technological development. The shift to searching for identity among the forums and video websites of the internet, rather than on the terraces of Beşiktaş, is profoundly altering how fans construct their allegiance to the fan group and the club. This process, it will be shown, is not so much liberating supporters from the requirements of fandom as it is generating new conventions and processes to which Çarşı members must adhere.

Abstract Sustainability and nature preservation are part of the surfer’s lifestyle and could influence the new generations as a way to reverse the actual climate and environmental crisis that the planet is going through. The World Surf League (WSL), attentive to the wishes of its community, has been working on communication strategies to spread good intentions and sustainable initiatives as a way of leading a movement in defense of the seas and its desired waves. This manuscript intends to do case studies and a literature review to understand this movement. Above all, it is an example to other organizations and a way of spreading the positive messages that surfing can deliver to the contemporary world, thus playing an essential role in planetary peace and sustainability.Keywords: Water Sports. Surfing. Lifestyle. Sustainability. Atividades físicas, esportes e sustentabilidade: uma reflexão sobre o papel da liga mundial do surfe Resumo Sustentabilidade e preservação da natureza fazem parte do estilo de vida do surfista e podem influenciar as novas gerações de forma a reverter a atual crise climática e ambiental pela qual passa o planeta. A World Surf League (WSL), atenta aos desejos de sua comunidade, vem trabalhando em estratégias de comunicação para difundir boas intenções e iniciativas sustentáveis, como forma de liderar um movimento em defesa dos mares e de suas desejadas ondas. Este manuscrito pretende fazer estudos de caso e uma revisão de literatura para entender esse movimento. Acima de tudo, é um exemplo para outras organizações e uma maneira de espalhar as mensagens positivas que o surf pode transmitir ao mundo contemporâneo, desempenhando, assim, um papel essencial na paz e sustentabilidade planetárias.Palavras-chave: Esportes Aquáticos. Surf. Estilo de vida. Sustentabilidade. Actividades físicas, deporte y sostenibilidad: una reflexión sobre el papel de la liga mundial de surf Resumen La sostenibilidad y la preservación de la naturaleza son parte del estilo de vida del surfista y podrían influir en las nuevas generaciones como una forma de revertir la crisis climática y ambiental que atraviesa el planeta. La World Surf League (WSL), atenta a los deseos de su comunidad, ha estado trabajando en estrategias de comunicación para difundir buenas intenciones e iniciativas sostenibles como una forma de liderar un movimiento en defensa de los mares y sus olas deseadas. Este manuscrito tiene la intención de hacer estudios de casos y una revisión de la literatura para comprender este movimiento. Sobre todo, es un ejemplo para otras organizaciones y una forma de difundir los mensajes positivos que el surf puede entregar al mundo contemporáneo, desempeñando así un papel esencial en la paz y la sostenibilidad planetarias.Palabras clave: Deportes Acuáticos. Surf. Estilo de vida. Sostenibilidad.

Arthur Chanel Clery appears in James Joyce’s Stephen Hero among the students at University College, Dublin, as a platitudinous timeserver called Whelan who criticises Stephen Dedalus’s views on Ibsen and wants to be a county court judge. Clery became a Gaelic Leaguer, defence lawyer for 1916 insurgents, Sinn Féin Supreme Court judge during the War of Independence, Republican envoy to the Vatican during the Civil War, and — briefly — an abstentionist T.D. He was also one of the few nationalists of his generation to advocate partition, not as a matter of political expediency, but because he regarded the Ulster Protestants as a separate nation entitled to self-determination. This article traces the development of his political attitudes from his youthful advocacy of Christian democracy in response to snobbery and anti-Catholic discrimination, to his final years as an extreme Republican who called parliamentary democracy a sham invented by Freemasons to justify exploitation of the poor, and advocated a new Catholic social order which would combine the achievements of Lenin and Mussolini.

According to behavioral economics, coaches may be unconsciously biased, and this could lead to deviations from rational behavior, which in turn affects team performance. We analyze the influence of a particular behavioral bias of coaches, overconfidence, on the performance of soccer teams. We use a sample of 63 coaches managing all the soccer clubs involved in the Russian Football Premier League during the four seasons between 2010 and 2013/2014. To measure overconfidence, we use a press-based metric that is generally accepted in corporate governance studies and complement it with an additional continuous measure. Coaches' overconfidence positively and significantly influences team average scores, both in the baseline regression and robustness checks. Additional testing allows us to draw conclusions regarding the inverse U-shaped relationship between overconfidence and performance. We cannot conclude that overconfidence has any effect on coaches' risk-taking that can be approximated by goals scored or allowed. We apply the well-studied methodology of overconfidence measurement to the new field of sport economics, thereby generating novel results. Although overconfidence is perceived negatively in corporate governance, we show that in sport, it is beneficial to be overconfident. The findings contribute to sport literature, more specifically to the field of performance in soccer, with results that support the importance of a coach's personal traits.

Abstract Baseball is a statistically filled sport, and predicting the winner of a particular Major League Baseball (MLB) game is an interesting and challenging task. Up to now, there is no definitive formula for determining what factors will conduct a team to victory, but through the analysis of many years of historical records many trends could emerge. Recent studies concentrated on using and generating new statistics called sabermetrics in order to rank teams and players according to their perceived strengths and consequently applying these rankings to forecast specific games. In this paper, we employ sabermetrics statistics with the purpose of assessing the predictive capabilities of four data mining methods (classification and regression based) for predicting outcomes (win or loss) in MLB regular season games. Our model approach uses only past data when making a prediction, corresponding to ten years of publicly available data. We create a dataset with accumulative sabermetrics statistics for each MLB team during this period for which data contamination is not possible. The inherent difficulties of attempting this specific sports prediction are confirmed using two geometry or topology based measures of data complexity. Results reveal that the classification predictive scheme forecasts game outcomes better than regression scheme, and of the four data mining methods used, SVMs produce the best predictive results with a mean of nearly 60% prediction accuracy for each team. The evaluation of our model is performed using stratified 10-fold cross-validation.

Abstract This research paper investigated the economic benefits of Cloud based E-commerce in Indian service Small to Medium Businesses (SMBs). The emergence of the new concept of Cloud computing has greatly changed the way in which organisations are managing their services. Cloud computing primarily includes the process of providing computing resources as a service rather than a product in an organisation. Hence, the adoption of Cloud based E-commerce has been seen to help the aspiring service SMBs to enter into the big leagues of business operations. Indian service SMBs, in general, play an important role in the economic growth of the country. They provide different opportunities to the society which include reduction of poverty, development of rural areas, and generation of job opportunities, entrepreneurship, and export of nation and so on. Hence it is necessary to adopt new technologies so as to enhance their business performance, improve competitiveness and reduce cost. However, service SMBs are facing several issues in India which are ultimately due to lack of sufficient resources. Previous researchers have focused on analysing the importance and issues of SMBs in a competitive society. However, one question which needs to be addressed is whether any specific economic benefits it provided to Indian SMBs. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted to evaluate the level of economic benefit is obtained by Indian service SMBs. Finally, this research paper will help organisations to evaluate economical factor which enhances adoption of Cloud based E-commerce in Indian service SMBs. It is also expected that the findings will help organisations to increase their productivity, efficiency, and innovation. Keywords: Cloud computing, Cloud-based E-commerce, Indian service Small to Medium Businesses (SMBs), Economic benefits.

The article presents the results of research into the origins of the legal regulation of the formation of the national scientific tradition during the Hetmanate of Pavel Skoropadskyi in 1918. The purpose of the article is to study the main achievements of the legal regulation of scientific activity of the Ukrainian State during the Hetmanate period of Pavel Skoropadskyi in 1918. General scientific and special methods were used in the research process. In particular, the method of analysis and synthesis, generalization and scientific abstraction, as well as historical and comparative analysis and forecasting. The information base of the research is the works of Ukrainian scientists, articles published in periodicals, archival materials, etc. As a result of the research, the following conclusions were formulated. The experience of the Ukrainian State of Pavel Skoropadskyi is proof of the real creative achievements of the Ukrainian state-building movement, the adaptation of which to today's existence of Ukraine is difficult to overestimate. It was during this period, with the approval by P. Skoropadsky on November 14, 1918, of the law "On the establishment of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in Kyiv", that the countdown to the formation of Ukrainian academic science began. It was with the formation of the National Academy of Sciences that science as a social institution in the Ukrainian State began to exist in the status of a legitimate legal entity with legally defined interests, rights and obligations. An important role in the creation of organizational forms of scientific associations was played by the attitude of the central government towards scientists, the desire to support them, as well as to direct scientific research in the right direction in the state. This was also noticeable at the level of higher school. The formation of Ukrainian higher education made it possible to lay the foundations for the integration of educational and scientific spaces in the conditions of the development of national statehood, the preservation and multiplication of the achievements of the Ukrainian intellectual environment for the benefit of the education of new generations of conscientious compatriots, the establishment of a regime of legality and law and order. A lthough, due to known historical circumstances, the mentioned state-building traditions in the field of science and education, personally laid by Hetman Pavel Skoropadsky, were essentially interrupted, the considerable successful experience gained in building the system of scientific and educational activities of the leagues became the basis for the development of a modern system of scientific and research activities, which still needs significant institutional and legal reform.

It was the Canadian philosopher Marshall McLuhan who first introduced the term ‘global village’ into the lexicon, almost fifty years ago. He was referring to the phenomenon of global interconnectedness of which we are all too aware today. At that time, we were witnessing the world just opening up. In 1946, British Airways had commenced a twice weekly service from London to New York. The flight involved one or two touch downs en-route and took a scheduled 19 hours and 45 minutes. By the time McLuhan had published his book “Understanding media; the extensions of man”, there were regular services by jet around the globe. London to Sydney was travelled in just under 35 hours. Moving forward to a time immediately pre-covid, there were over 30 non-stop flights a day in each direction between London and New York. The travel time from London to Sydney had been cut by a third, to slightly under 22 hours, with just one touchdown en-route. The world has well and truly ‘opened up’. No place is unreachable by regular services. But that is just one part of the picture. In 1962, the very first live television pictures were transmitted across the Atlantic, via satellite. It was a time when sports’ fans would tune in besides a crackling radio set to hear commentary of their favourite game relayed from the other side of the world. Today of course, not only can we watch a live telecast of the Olympic Games in the comfort of our own homes wherever the games are being held, but we can pick up a telephone and talk face to face with friends and relatives in real time, wherever they may be in the world. To today’s generation – generation Z – this does not seem in the least bit remarkable. Indeed, they have been nicknamed ‘the connected generation’ precisely because such a degree of human interconnectedness no longer seems worth commenting on. The media technology and the transport advances that underpin this level of connectedness, have become taken for granted assumptions to them. This is why the global events of 2020 and the associated public health related reactions, have proved to be so remarkable to them. It is mass travel and the closeness and variety of human contact in day-to-day interactions, that have provided the breeding ground for the pandemic. Consequently, moving around and sharing close proximity with many strangers, have been the activities that have had to be curbed, as the initial primary means to manage the spread of the virus. This has caused hardship to many, either through the loss of a job and the associated income or, the lengthy enforced separation from family and friends – for the many who find themselves living and working far removed from their original home. McLuhan’s powerful metaphor was ahead of its time. His thoughts were centred around media and electronic communications well prior to the notion of a ‘physical’ pandemic, which today has provided an equally potent image of how all of our fortunes have become intertwined, no matter where we sit in the world. Yet it is this event which seems paradoxically to have for the first time forced us to consider more closely the path of progress pursued over the last half century. It is as if we are experiencing for the first time the unleashing of powerful and competing forces, which are both centripetal and centrifugal. On the one hand we are in a world where we have a World Health Organisation. This is a body which has acted as a global force, first declaring the pandemic and subsequently acting in response to it as a part of its brief for international public health. It has brought the world’s scientists and global health professionals together to accelerate the research and development process and develop new norms and standards to contain the spread of the coronavirus pandemic and help care for those affected. At the same time, we have been witnessing nations retreating from each other and closing their borders in order to restrict the interaction of their citizens with those from other nations around the world. We have perceived that danger and risk are increased by international travel and human to human interaction. As a result, increasingly communication has been carried out from the safety and comfort of one’s own home, with electronic media taking the place of personal interaction in the real world. The change to the media dominated world, foreseen by McLuhan a half century ago, has been hastened and consolidated by the threats posed by Covid 19. Real time interactions can be conducted more safely and more economically by means of the global reach of the internet and the ever-enhanced technologies that are being offered to facilitate that. Yet at a geopolitical level prior to Covid 19, the processes of globalism and nationalism were already being recognised as competing forces. In many countries, tensions have emerged between those who are benefitting from the opportunities presented by the development of free trade between countries and those who are invested in more traditional ventures, set in their own nations and communities. The emerging beneficiaries have become characterised as the global elites. Their demographic profile is one associated with youth, education and progressive social ideas. However, they are counter-balanced by those who, rather than opportunities, have experienced threats from the disruptions and turbulence around them. Among the ideas challenged, have been the expected certainties of employment, social values and the security with which many grew up. Industries which have been the lifeblood of their communities are facing extinction and even the security of housing and a roof over the heads of self and family may be under threat. In such circumstances, some people may see waves of new immigrants, technology, and changing social values as being tides which need to be turned back. Their profile is characterised by a demographic less equipped to face such changes - the more mature, less well educated and less mobile. Yet this tension appears to be creating something more than just the latest version of the generational divide. The recent clashes between Republicans and Democrats in the US have provided a very potent example of these societal stresses. The US has itself exported some of these arenas of conflict to the rest of the world. Black lives Matter and #Me too, are social movements with their foundation in the US which have found their way far beyond the immediate contexts which gave them birth. In the different national settings where these various tensions have emerged, they have been characterised through labels such as left and right, progressive and traditional, the ‘haves’ versus the ‘have nots’ etc. Yet common to all of this growing competitiveness between ideologies and values is a common thread. The common thread lies in the notion of competition itself. It finds itself expressed most potently in the spread and adoption of ideas based on what has been termed the neoliberal values of the free market. These values have become ingrained in the language and concepts we employ every day. Thus, everything has a price and ultimately the price can be represented by a dollar value. We see this process of commodification around us on a daily basis. Sports studies’ scholars have long drawn attention to its continuing growth in the world of sport, especially in situations when it overwhelms the human characteristics of the athletes who are at the very heart of sport. When the dollar value of the athlete and their performance becomes more important than the individual and the game, then we find ourselves at the heart of some of the core problems reported today. It is at the point where sport changes from an experience, where the athletes develop themselves and become more complete persons experiencing positive and enriching interactions with fellow athletes, to an environment where young athletes experience stress and mental and physical ill health as result of their experiences. Those who are supremely talented (and lucky?) are rewarded with fabulous riches. Others can find themselves cast out on the scrap heap as a result of an unfair selection process or just the misfortune of injury. Sport as always, has proved to be a mirror of life in reflecting this process in the world at large, highlighting the heights that can be climbed by the fortunate as well as the depths that can be plumbed by the ill-fated. Advocates of the free-market approach will point to the opportunities it can offer. Figures can show that in a period of capitalist organised economies, there has been an unprecedented reduction in the amount of poverty in the world. Despite rapid growth in populations, there has been some extraordinary progress in lifting people out of extreme poverty. Between 1990 and 2010, the numbers in poverty fell by half as a share of the total population in developing countries, from 43% to 21%—a reduction of almost 1 billion people (The Economist Leader, June 1st, 2013). Nonetheless the critics of capitalism will continue to point to an increasing gap between the haves and don’t haves and specifically a decline in the ‘middle classes’, which have for so long provided the backbone of stable democratic societies. This delicate balance between retreating into our own boundaries as a means to manage the pandemic and resuming open borders to prevent economic damage to those whose businesses and employment depend upon the continuing movement of people and goods, is one which is being agonised over at this time in liberal democratic societies around the world. The experience of the pandemic has varied between countries, not solely because of the strategies adopted by politicians, but also because of the current health systems and varying social and economic conditions of life in different parts of the world. For many of us, the crises and social disturbances noted above have been played out on our television screens and websites. Increasingly it seems that we have been consuming our life experiences in a world dominated by our screens and sheltered from the real messiness of life. Meanwhile, in those countries with a choice, the debate has been between public health concerns and economic health concerns. Some have argued that the two are not totally independent of each other, while others have argued that the extent to which they are seen as interrelated lies in the extent to which life’s values have themselves become commodified. Others have pointed to the mental health problems experienced by people of all ages as a result of being confined for long periods of time within limited spaces and experiencing few chances to meet with others outside their immediate household. Still others have experienced different conditions – such as the chance to work from home in a comfortable environment and be freed from the drudgery of commuting in crowded traffic or public transport. So, at a national/communal level as well as at an individual level, this international crisis has exposed people to different decisions. It has offered, for many, a chance to recalibrate their lives. Those who have the resources, are leaving the confines of the big capital cities and seeking a healthier and less turbulent existence in quieter urban centres. For those of us in what can be loosely termed ‘an information industry’, today’s work practices are already an age away from what they were in pre-pandemic times. Yet again, a clear split is evident. The notion of ‘essential industries’ has been reclassified. The delivery of goods, the facilitation of necessary purchase such as food; these and other tasks have acquired a new significance which has enhanced the value of those who deliver these services. However, for those whose tasks can be handled via the internet or offloaded to other anonymous beings a readjustment of a different kind is occurring. So to the future - for those who have suffered ill-health and lost loved ones, the pandemic only reinforces the human priority. Health and well-being trumps economic health and wealth where choices can be made. The closeness of human contact has been reinforced by the tales of families who have been deprived of the touch of their loved ones, many of whom still don’t know when that opportunity will be offered again. When writing our editorial, a year ago, I little expected to be still pursuing a Covid related theme today. Yet where once we were expecting to look back on this time as a minor hiccough, with normal service being resumed sometime last year, it has not turned out to be that way. Rather, it seems that we have been offered a major reset opportunity in the way in which we continue to progress our future as humans. The question is, will we be bold enough to see the opportunity and embrace a healthier more equitable more locally responsible lifestyle or, will we revert to a style of ‘progress’ where powerful countries, organisations and individuals continue to amass increased amounts of wealth and influence and become increasingly less responsive to the needs of individuals in the throng below. Of course, any retreat from globalisation as it has evolved to date, will involve disruption of a different kind, which will inevitably lead to pain for some. It seems inevitable that any change and consequent progress is going to involve winners and losers. Already airline companies and the travel industry are putting pressure on governments to “get back to normal” i.e. where things were previously. Yet, in the shadow of widespread support for climate activism and the extinction rebellion movement, reports have emerged that since the lockdowns air pollution has dropped dramatically around the world – a finding that clearly offers benefits to all our population. In a similar vein the impossibility of overseas air travel in Australia has resulted in a major increase in local tourism, where more inhabitants are discovering the pleasures of their own nation. The transfer of their tourist and holiday dollars from overseas to local tourist providers has produced at one level a traditional zero-sum outcome, but it has also been accompanied by a growing appreciation of local citizens for the wonders of their own land and understanding of the lives of their fellow citizens as well as massive savings in foregone air travel. Continuing to define life in terms of competition for limited resources will inevitably result in an ever-continuing run of zero-sum games. Looking beyond the prism of competition and personal reward has the potential to add to what Michael Sandel (2020) has termed ‘the common good’. Does the possibility of a reset, offer the opportunity to recalibrate our views of effort and reward to go beyond a dollar value and include this important dimension? How has sport been experiencing the pandemic and are there chances for a reset here? An opinion piece from Peter Horton in this edition, has highlighted the growing disconnect of professional sport at the highest level from the communities that gave them birth. Is this just another example of the outcome of unrestrained commodification? Professional sport has suffered in the pandemic with the cancelling of fixtures and the enforced absence of crowds. Yet it has shown remarkable resilience. Sport science staff may have been reduced alongside all the auxiliary workers who go to make up the total support staff on match days and other times. Crowds have been absent, but the game has gone on. Players have still been able to play and receive the support they have become used to from trainers, physiotherapists and analysts, although for the moment there may be fewer of them. Fans have had to rely on electronic media to watch their favourites in action– but perhaps that has just encouraged the continuing spread of support now possible through technology which is no longer dependent on personal attendance through the turnstile. Perhaps for those committed to the watching of live sport in the outdoors, this might offer a chance for more attention to be paid to sport at local and community levels. Might the local villagers be encouraged to interrelate with their hometown heroes, rather than the million-dollar entertainers brought in from afar by the big city clubs? To return to the village analogy and the tensions between global and local, could it be that the social structure of the village has become maladapted to the reality of globalisation? If we wish to retain the traditional values of village life, is returning to our village a necessary strategy? If, however we see that today the benefits and advantages lie in functioning as one single global community, then perhaps we need to do some serious thinking as to how that community can function more effectively for all of its members and not just its ‘elites’. As indicated earlier, sport has always been a reflection of our society. Whichever way our communities decide to progress, sport will have a place at their heart and sport scholars will have a place in critically reflecting the nature of the society we are building. It is on such a note that I am pleased to introduce the content of volume 43:1 to you. We start with a reminder from Hoyoon Jung of the importance of considering the richness provided by a deep analysis of context, when attempting to evaluate and compare outcomes for similar events. He examines the concept of nation building through sport, an outcome that has been frequently attributed to the conduct of successful events. In particular, he examines this outcome in the context of the experiences of South Africa and Brazil as hosts of world sporting events. The mega sporting event that both shared was the FIFA world cup, in 2010 and 2014 respectively. Additional information could be gained by looking backwards to the 1995 Rugby World Cup in the case of South Africa and forward to the 2016 Olympics with regard to Brazil. Differentiating the settings in terms of timing as well as in the makeup of the respective local cultures, has led Jung to conclude that a successful outcome for nation building proved possible in the case of South Africa. However, different settings, both economically and socially, made it impossible for Brazil to replicate the South African experience. From a globally oriented perspective to a more local one, our second paper by Rafal Gotowski and Marta Anna Zurawak examines the growth and development, with regard to both participation and performance, of a more localised activity in Poland - the Nordic walking marathon. Their analysis showed that this is a locally relevant activity that is meeting the health-related exercise needs of an increasing number of people in the middle and later years, including women. It is proving particularly beneficial as an activity due to its ability to offer a high level of intensity while reducing the impact - particularly on the knees. The article by Petr Vlček, Richard Bailey, Jana Vašíčková XXABSTRACT Claude Scheuer is also concerned with health promoting physical activity. Their focus however is on how the necessary habit of regular and relevant physical activity is currently being introduced to the younger generation in European schools through the various physical education curricula. They conclude that physical education lessons, as they are currently being conducted, are not providing the needed 50% minimum threshold of moderate to vigorous physical activity. They go further, to suggest that in reality, depending on the physical education curriculum to provide the necessary quantum of activity within the child’s week, is going to be a flawed vision, given the instructional and other objectives they are also expected to achieve. They suggest implementing instead an ‘Active Schools’ concept, where the PE lessons are augmented by other school-based contexts within a whole school programme of health enhancing physical activity for children. Finally, we step back to the global and international context and the current Pandemic. Eric Burhaein, Nevzt Demirci, Carla Cristina Vieira Lourenco, Zsolt Nemeth and Diajeng Tyas Pinru Phytanza have collaborated as a concerned group of physical educators to provide an important international position statement which addresses the role which structured and systematic physical activity should assume in the current crisis. This edition then concludes with two brief contributions. The first is an opinion piece by Peter Horton which provides a professional and scholarly reaction to the recent attempt by a group of European football club owners to challenge the global football community and establish a self-governing and exclusive European Super League. It is an event that has created great alarm and consternation in the world of football. Horton reflects the outrage expressed by that community and concludes: While recognising the benefits accruing from well managed professionalism, the essential conflict between the values of sport and the values of market capitalism will continue to simmer below the surface wherever sport is commodified rather than practised for more ‘intrinsic’ reasons. We conclude however on a more celebratory note. We are pleased to acknowledge the recognition achieved by one of the members of our International Review Board. The career and achievements of Professor John Wang – a local ‘scholar’- have been recognised in his being appointed as the foundation E.W. Barker Professor in Physical Education and Sport at the Nanyang Technological University. This is a well-deserved honour and one that reflects the growing stature of the Singapore Physical Education and Sports Science community within the world of International Sport Studies. John Saunders Brisbane, June 2021

Banking system has been the backbone of Indian economy. Banking industry has seen a drastic transformation in past two and half decades with emergence of new players in the form of new generation private sector bank, payment banks, non banking financial companies. Competition among service providers has lead to sustainability issues. Balancing between business expansion, risk absorbing capacity and profitability is important. Survival of the fittest is the rule of the game. Nationalization of private banks was done to expand the service base for common masses. Since independence public sector banks have played a key role in the development and balanced growth of all sections of the society. Public sector banks were supported by a league of few old generation banks that catered the niche segments across India. Kerala is the birth place of many old generation private sector banks. Old generation banks worked in line to the practices followed by the leading public sector banks. Indian Banking Association (IBA) was formed for bringing standardization among peer players across industry. Post liberalization era has originated many new generation banks are genetically modified hybrids. New variants are designed for specific objectives of profit maximization en-cashing available opportunities. Business expansion is based on profit criteria rather than social requirements. Ideologies have differed a lot across generations. Public sector banks and new generation private sector banks are operating with diverse organizational goals. This case study highlights the comparative scenario of private sector banks with that of public sector banks to understand the market dynamics in the game of performance and survival.

Background: Virtual clinical simulation is a digital innovation that augments clinical reasoning and clinical judgment, narrowing the theory-practice gap, preparing new graduates for the Next Generation NCLEX (National Council Licensure Examination), and mitigating the demand for clinical placement and clinical faculty. Method: The purpose of this article is to describe an educational innovation employing a virtual clinical simulation using the tenets of Tanner's Clinical Judgment Model and a National League for Nursing Advancing Care Excellence for Seniors unfolding case. Results: A virtual clinical simulation successfully served to replace direct care clinical for 86 undergraduate nursing students enrolled in a foundation nursing course, augmenting the students' ability to transfer and apply theoretical knowledge to clinical practice. Conclusion: This virtual clinical simulation served as a viable platform for teaching clinical reasoning and clinical judgment, mitigating the education-practice gap for new graduate registered nurses. [ J Nurs Educ . 2023;62(X):XXX–XXX.]