Дисертації: "New classes"

1

Franche, Paul. "Towards new classes of flux compactifications." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114219.

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We derive novel solutions of flux compactification with D7-branes on the resolved conifold in type IIB String Theory and later extend this solution to allow for non-zero temperature. At zero temperature, we find that adding D7-branes via the Ouyang embedding contributes to the supersymmetry-breaking (1,2) imaginary-self-dual flux, without generating a bulk cosmological constant. We further find that having D7-branes and a resolved conifold together give rise to a non-trivial D-term on the D7-branes. This supersymmetry-breaking term vanishes when we take the singular conifold limit, although supersymmetry appears to remain broken. We also lift our construction to F-theory where we show that the type IIB (1,2) flux goes to (2,2) non-primitive flux on the fourfold.In the second part of the thesis, we extend these results by taking the non-extremal limit of our geometry to incorporate temperature. In this case, the internal NS-NS and R-R fluxes are no longer expected to be self-dual, but they should also naturally be extensions of the fluxes found above. From the supergravity equations of motion, we compute how the new contributions to the fluxes should enter, due to the squashing of the resolved metric and non-extremality. This provides us with a compelling gravity dual of large N thermal quantum chromodynamics with flavor.
Nous dérivons de nouvelles solutions de compactification de flux avec des membranes D7 sur une variété conique résolu en Théorie des Cordes de type IIB et é endons ultérieurement cette solution afin de permettre des températures non-nulles. A température nulle, nous trouvons que l'ajout de membranes D7, suivant l'incorporation de Ouyang, contribue à la rupture de la supersymétrie par des flux auto-duaux imaginaires (1,2), sans générer de constante cosmologique. Nous constatons en outre que d'avoir à la fois des membranes D7 et une variété conique résolu donne lieu à un terme D non-trivial sur les membranes D7. Ce terme de rupture de supersymétrie disparaît lorsque l'on prend la limite singuliere de notre variété conique, bien que la supersymétrie semble rester brisée. Nous avons également étendue notre construction la théorie F où nous montrons que le flux (1,2) de type IIB deviens un flux non-primitif de type (2,2). Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse, nous étendons ces résultats en prenant la limite non-extrêmal de notre géométrie afin d'inclure une température non-nulle. Dans ce cas, nous ne nous attendons plus à ce que les flux internes NS-NS et R-R soient auto-duaux, mais ils devraient tout de même être le prolongement naturel des flux trouvés ci-dessus. A partir des équations du mouvement de le supergravité, nous calculons comment la résolution et la non-extrêmalite de la métrique devraient contribuer aux flux. Cela nous donne ainsi une version gravitationnelle convaincante dual de la chromodynamique quantique à grand nombre de couleurs.

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2

Vo, Monika. "New classes of finite commutative rings." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=2&did=765961151&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1208558919&clientId=23440.

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3

SOUZA, Luciano. "New trigonometric classes of probabilistic distributions." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2015. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5127.

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In this thesis, four new probabilistic distribution classes are presented and investigated: sine, cosine, tangent and secant. For each of which a new kind of distribution was created, which were used for modelling real life data.By having an exponential distribution to compare the biases, a numerical simulation was obtained, making it possible to verify that the bias tends to zero as the sample size is increased. In addition to that, some numerical results for checking maximum likelihood estimates, as well as the results for finite samples, were obtained, just as much as several class properties and their respective distributions were also obtained, along with the expansions, maximum likelihood estimates, Fisher information, the first four moments, average, variance, skewness, and kurtosis, the generating function of moments and Renyi’s entropy. It was evidenced that all distributions have shown good fit when applied to real life data, when in comparison to other models. In order to compare the models, the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), the Corrected Akaike Information Criterion (CAIC), the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), the Hannan Quinn Information Criterion (HQIC) were used, along with two other main statistic sources: Cramer-Von Mises and Anderson-Darling. As a final step, the results of the analyses and the comparison of the results are brought up, as well as a few directions for future works.
Nesta tese apresentamos e investigamos quatro novas classes trigonométricas de distribuições probabilísticas. As classes seno, cosseno, tangente e secante. Para cada uma das novas classes foi criada uma nova distribuição. Estas quatro novas distribuições foram usadas na modelagem de dados reais. Obtivemos uma simulação numérica, usando como base a distribuição exponencial, para se comparar os vicios (bias) e verificamos que, a medida que aumentamos o tamanho da amostra, o bias tende a zero. Alguns resultados numéricos para ver estimativas de máxima verossimilhança e os resultados para amostras finitas foram obtidos. Várias propriedades das classes e as suas distribuições foram obtidos. Obtemos as expansões, as estimativas de máxima verossimilhança, informações de Fisher, os quatro primeiros momentos, média, variância, assimetria e curtose, a função geradora de momentos e a entropia Rényi. Mostramos que todas as distribuições têm proporcionado bons ajustes quando aplicadas a dados reais, em comparação com outros modelos. Na comparação dos modelos foram utilizados: o Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), o Akaike Information Criterion Corrigido (CAIC), a informação Bayesian Criterion (BIC), o critério de informação Hannan Quinn (HQIC) e duas das principais estatísticas também foram utilizadas: Cramer -von Mises e Anderson-Darling. Por fim, apresentamos os resultados da análise e comparação dos resultados, e orientações para trabalhos futuros.

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4

Talib, Salem Ali. "New classes of ligands for asymmetric synthesis." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34170.

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This thesis is divided into six chapters. The first is a review of general asymmetric synthesis, and considers in detail the palladium catalysed allylic substitution reaction, the 1,4-conjugate addition and the Heck reaction. The second deals with our general synthetic approach to the chiral ligands. Here we synthesized a range of ligands derived from chiral amino alcohols condensed with aryl and aliphatic ketones. We also synthesized chiral sulphur imine and phosphorus imine ligands. The third deals with applications of the ligands in the above reactions, and discusses the most successful ligands. In the palladium catalysed allylic displacement reaction, the sulphur imine ligands were the most successful ligands with ee of 96%. In the case of the 1,4-conjugate addition of diethylzinc to cyclic and acyclic enones, we were able to achieve excellent results using the phosphorus imine and the S–N ligands derived from pseudoephedrine and ketones, ee of >99% were obtained. Chapter four deals with asymmetric sulfoxidation and the effect of electron donating and withdrawing groups on the sulfoxidation. Here we demonstrated the inductive influence of the substituent on the ee of the sulfoxide. Chapter five deals with the conclusion. The sixth part of this thesis deals with the experimental procedures undertaken in this work.

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5

Scheiber, Matthias. "New strategies and asset classes for increased performance." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2017. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/258/.

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This thesis explores several topics related to generating yield through new strategies and asset classes. We introduce new investment strategies based on trading Futures contracts in the copper market, thus making important contributions to the literature. We expand the opportunity set of asset strategies by revisiting the concept of transaction time, shed some light on the significance of the forward curve for fundamental as well as technical traders in the commodity market and finally show how low interest rates and capital account restrictions encourage commodity-inventory related asset strategies. After an Introduction chapter, we follow in Chapter 2 upon the transaction time of Geman and Ane (1996) and the temperature of a stock as defined in Derman (2002) and extend them in two ways: the temperature is now a time-varying entity and the analysis is extended to a portfolio of stocks. We use the portfolio temperature in order to assess the cross-section of stock returns creating a long/short factor portfolio within the S&P500 IT Index based on the temperature of the stock and examine its performance on a high frequency database. We show the significance of the risk premium associated with the heat of stocks during turbulent times, focusing on a particular 3-month period in autumn 2015 that was characterized by higher equity market volatility and equity price losses. In Chapter 3, we focus our attention on the fundamental role of inventories in explaining copper price volatility. Copper price volatility has been trading in a range until 2001 but has shown signs of heat afterwards. Using a three-factor model we derive a fundamental long-term value for copper. Second, we emphasis the significance of this fundamental long-term value by considering an agent based model approach in which mean-reversion focused fundamental investors trade with chartists who follow price trends. We show that fundamental investors take increasing positions in copper when the spot price of copper deviated from its fundamental value (i.e. the fundamental value is higher than the spot price) and chartists loose relative significance. In Chapter 4, we expand on the role of inventories in the Theory of Storage and turn our attention to commodity inventory financing in China. In the aftermath of a copper financial scandal in a major Chinese port in 2014 and unprecedented queues in London Metal Exchange - related warehouses in the US acquired by financial institutions, the age-old concept of inventory is becoming elusive. The goal of this chapter is threefold: i) present the motivation and mechanism of the activity of commodity inventory financing in the specific case of copper in China as of 2009; ii) exhibit, through a database of Shanghai bonded warehouse volumes during the years 2008 to 2015, an estimate of the amount of copper involved in inventory financing. iii) Using Shanghai Exchange Futures and spot prices, we also show how interest rate arbitrage via commodity inventory financing has impacted the relationship of the copper forward curve to Shanghai copper inventories. We confirm the validity of the Theory of Storage in the case of the Shanghai copper market and show that adding bonded warehouse data to Shanghai copper inventories weakens the relationship of the forward curve to inventories.

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6

Stover, Derrick D. "Continuous Mappings and Some New Classes of Spaces." View abstract, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3371579.

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7

Diawara, Norou Dini Carpenter Mark. "New classes of multivariate gamma survival and reliability models." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Dissertations/DIAWARA_NOROU_55.pdf.

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8

Mauro, Rosana. "Aspectos da midiatização do consumo e do sentido de classe social na telenovela: a representação da nova classe C." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27153/tde-28012015-102445/.

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A presente pesquisa pretende estudar aspectos da midiatização do consumo e do sentido de classe social na telenovela com foco na representação do que vem sendo considerada a \"nova classe C\" ou \"nova classe média\" brasileira. Para tanto, analisou-se cenas das telenovelas Avenida Brasil (2012), de João Emanuel Carneiro, e Cheias de Charme (2012), de Filipe Miguez e Izabel de Oliveira. Ambas exibidas na Rede Globo, a primeira no horário das 21 horas e a segunda às 19 horas. As duas foram consideradas pela mídia como tramas que representam a \"nova classe C\", o que justifica a escolha. Inicialmente, o trabalho traz uma breve discussão teórica sobre o termo midiatização, sobre as concepções sociológicas de classe social e os estudos realizados sobre telenovela e classe. Pretende-se, assim, problematizar a expressão \"nova classe C\", de modo a entender sua natureza e validade sociológica, bem como levantar a forma como a telenovela costuma retratar as classes sociais, para, assim, rumar às análises com embasamento teórico. A metodologia de análise se fundamenta na concepção marxista de materialismo histórico e dialética, com a qual estão relacionadas as teorias do filósofo da linguagem Mikhail Bakhtin, a Análise do Discurso Francesa e a Análise do Discurso Crítica. Essas teorias tiveram alguns de seus elementos mesclados e utilizadas como protocolo metodológico. A partir do protocolo e dos levantamentos teóricos sobre classes sociais e telenovela, objetiva-se averiguar as nuanças da midiatização do consumo e do sentido de classe social na representação discursiva do que vem sendo chamada a \"nova classe C\" em cenas selecionadas de Avenida Brasil e Cheias de Charme. Com as análises das cenas que retratam situações que aludem ao consumo, obtivemos resultados que apontam para o fato de ambas as telenovelas, em diferentes graus, apresentarem em seus discursos características que condizem com o modo próprio da telenovela tratar as classes sociais, assim como elementos que se relacionam com uma visão social hegemônica, além de aspectos que estão conectados com a realidade comentada pelos sociólogos e que também indicam mudanças na forma usual das telenovelas retratarem as diferenças sociais. Ademais, de acordo com o conceito de midiatização e com o papel da telenovela no Brasil, acreditamos que essas representações contribuem para a formação de um conhecimento social do que seria a \"nova classe C\" brasileira.
This search aims to study aspects of the mediatization of consumption and the sense of social class in telenovela, with focus on what is dubbed \"the new class C\" or \"new middle class\" in Brazil. For that purpose, it was analyzed scenes of the telenovelas Avenida Brasil (2012), by João Emanuel Carneiro, and Cheias de Charme (2012), by Filipe Miguez and Izabel de Oliveira. Both were aired in Rede Globo, at 9pm. and 7pm., respectively. These two productions were considered by the media as representative of the \"new class C\", which justifies the choice. Initially, this work brings a brief theoretical discussion about the mediatization concept, about the sociologic concept of social class and the studies which cover telenovela and social class altogether. It is intended, therefore, to problematize the expression \"new class C\", in order to understand its origin and sociologic nature, as well as to look at the manner by which the telenovela usually portrays the social classes, so as to produce an analysis which has theoretical base. The methodology to analyze the matter is based on the Marxist conception of dialectic and in the historical materialism, which are related to the theories of the Russian language philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin, the French Discourse Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis. These theories had some of their elements combined and used as methodological protocol. From methodological protocol and from the theoretical points about social classes and telenovelas, the objective is to investigate the nuances of the mediatization of consumption and the sense of social class in the discursive representations of the dubbed \"new class C\" in scenes picked from Avenida Brasil and Cheias de Charme. Based on the analysis of scenes that portray situations that allude to consumption, we obtained results which demonstrate that both telenovelas, yet in different degrees, reveal in their plots characteristics that connect with the particular view with which the telenovela approaches the social classes, as well as with elements that are related with the hegemonic social view, apart from aspects that are connected with the reality commented by sociologists and which indicates changes in the usual way that the telenovela portrays the social differences. Moreover, according to the concept of mediatization as well as to the role of telenovela in Brazil, we believe that those representations contribute to the making of a social knowledge of what the new Brazilian \"new class C\" would be.

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9

Turan, Mehmet. "New Classes Of Differential Equations And Bifurcation Of Discontinuous Cycles." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610747/index.pdf.

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In this thesis, we introduce two new classes of differential equations, which essentially extend, in several directions, impulsive differential equations and equations on time scales. Basics of the theory for quasilinear systems are discussed, and particular results are obtained so that further investigations of the theory are guaranteed. Applications of the newly-introduced systems are shown through a center manifold theorem, and further, Hopf bifurcation Theorem is proved for a three-dimensional discontinuous dynamical system.

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10

Tom-Yew, Stacey Anne Lisa. "Characterization of two new classes of periplasmic ferric binding proteins." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15221.

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Pathogenic bacteria acquire essential iron using specialized iron acquisition systems, such as the FbpABC transport system. The periplasmic FbpA protein delivers iron to the ABC transporter. FbpA proteins have two domains with the iron binding site located at the domain interface. A flexible inter-domain hinge region facilitates substrate dependent conformations. In general, the closed conformations are observed for holo FbpA proteins whereas the apo proteins exhibit increased hinge motion relative to the closed conformation. Closed conformations are likely important for initiating iron translocation across the inner membrane permease. Important bacterial pathogens such as Campylobacter jejuni and Bordetella pertussis contain previously uncharacterized FbpA proteins. Using phylogenetic analyses, six FbpA classes were defined which vary in conservation of iron site ligands and utilization of a synergistic anion. Class I includes the anion-dependent neisserial FbpA (nFbpA). This thesis characterizes the Class III FbpA from Campylobacterjejuni (cFbpA) and the Class II FbpA from Bordetella pertussis (bFbpA). Visible spectroscopy showed high affinity iron binding of cFbpA. X-ray crystallography showed anion-independent iron coordination by cFbpA using a histidine and four tyrosine residues. Confonnational analyses in solution by small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) showed that cFbpA undergoes limited hinge motion in solution upon substrate binding. Furthermore, an iron uptake role is supported as a cJbpA deletion strain, constructed from C. jejuni 81-176, exhibited impaired growth under iron-limited conditions. Characterization of bFbpA by visible spectroscopy showed high affinity iron binding with carbonate, citrate and oxalate. Distinct holo conformations compared with the apo conformation were observed for bFbpA depending on the synergistic anion. The closed conformation holo bFbpA crystal structure shows iron coordination by carbonate and three tyrosine residues. SAXS analyses also showed that oxalate and citrate treated holo bFbpA exhibit distinct conformations from apo bFbpA in solution. Furthermore, bFbpA undergoes large hinge motion in solution similar to nFbpA. Models for iron transport are proposed in which these bob complexes of bFbpA and cFbpA are candidates for initiating productive interactions with the permease.

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11

White, Anthony. "New asset classes and optimal dynamic strategies for tailored portfolios." Thesis, University of Reading, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606950.

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This dissertation examines the role of new asset classes and optimal dynamic strategies for tailored portfolios with a focus on passive investment portfolios. With a passive investment strategy a fund manager does not seek to outperform the rest of the market; rather, the fund manager tries to construct, at a low cost, a well-diversified portfolio that matches the risk appetite of the investor. Traditionally, passive strategies have relied on two major financial asset classes: bonds and equities. This study shows there are merits in expanding the range of acceptable assets. One should consider securities defined on real estate, commodities, hedge funds, private equity, commodities or even volatility. One should also consider the interrelationships of these securities over the long run and, further, one should consider options or dynamic investment strategies that produce return profiles that are not linear in the constituent asset returns. So, passive investment strategies do not necessarily need to be limited to index tracking strategies based on equities and bonds. As a result, this study is focused on the design of portfolios tailored to passive investment strategies. This study addresses these broader issues in four main chapters. Firstly, we address the choice of asset classes to include in optimal passive portfolios in a single period context: Should optimal passive portfolios include allocations to commodities, volatility, hedge funds and private equity (PE)? What is the most attractive path to an investment in hedge funds: single manager hedge funds (HF), fund of hedge funds (FoHF) or investible hedge fund (IHF) indices? Are the relatively new lHF indices merely disguised FoHF? These questions are answered using a methodology similar to the Black-Litterman (BL) model. We find that, if one assumes that recent performance of alternative investments persists, it is optimal to tilt the global market portfolio towards HF, commodities and PE and away from traditional assets. There is no place for lHF indices or FoHF. The similarity in performance of these two investment vehicles is so similar to suggest that IHF indices are merely disguised FoHF.

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12

Valentino, Jeffrey Joseph. "Tribopolymerization: Anti-Wear Behavior of New High Temperature Additive Classes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41888.

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Advanced ceramic materials have found many new applications in the automotive and other industries. To satisfy demands of higher temperatures and inert surfaces, new lubrication methods for these ceramics need explored and evaluated. This thesis focuses on a boundary lubrication method termed tribopolymerization -- the formation of polymers at the tribological interphase. The research evaluated new high-temperature classes of anti-wear additives. The work involved experiments on steel and alumina material pairs with a pin-on-disk tribometer used to explore the anti-wear capabilities of selected additives in the liquid phase at concentrations of 1% by weight in hexadecane.

New additives included aromatic compounds with various pendant groups adding the design functionality necessary for in-situ polymerization. The amino, hydroxyl, acid, and ester functional groups underwent studies across several aromatic molecular compositions while new heterocyclic additives, in particular the readily available lactams, underwent exploratory tests as a new class under the tribopolymerization design approach. In concentrations of 1%, additives showed significant wear reductions of up to 99.9 %. Anti-wear behavior persisted in select cases at concentrations as low as 0.1% by weight. Compounds from two new classes demonstrated anti-wear behavior at 6x the frictional heat generation of standard exploratory conditions. This surprising effect partially filled a void in the effective range of operating conditions between 0.25 m/s, 40 N and 1.0 m/s, 160 N. Earlier work by Tritt found a complete absence of anti-wear behavior for the previous additive classes at the high-speed conditions.

In addition, several individual compounds constituent to an A-R-A + B-R'-B condensation polymerization reaction demonstrated significant anti-wear behavior when used alone. In particular, the compound BTDA from DuPont's Kapton Â® exhibited higher wear reductions than any other new additive.

These findings support tribopolymerization as an effective approach to boundary lubricant design. Low wear was often associated with an attached reaction debris layer. This finding is consistent with previous work involving tribopolymerization anti-wear additives with ceramics. Further research into the roles of the debris layer and tribochemistry will help in understanding the complex anti-wear behavior of these new high-temperature additive classes.
Master of Science

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13

Pan, Qiongyu. "The development strategies of high speed railway new towns in China : Wuxi East new town." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/44446/.

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Since the first high speed railway came into operation in 2008, China has stepped into a new era of rapid development based on efficient transport connections and a strong economic engine. Subsequently, an unprecedented urban extension campaign of ‘High Speed Railway New Town’ emerged and has attracted immense attention. Local governments have demonstrated great ambitions on urban development around high speed rail stations and shown huge enthusiasm for its potential. A great many cities with connection to high speed rail have set up grand plan and design for the so called ‘High Speed Rail New Town’. Although authorities tend to put great confidence in HSR construction and station area development, the process is, in fact, by no means easy. It is a rather tortuous and complicated process, full of fierce debate, conflicts of interest and ambiguous impact. The major objective of this thesis is to investigate the current development strategies of high speed railway new towns in China in relation to their node value and place value, with the ultimate intention to provide guidelines for the rational development process for this new type of urban settlement. A specific case, Wuxi East New Town, as the earliest constructed ‘High Speed Railway New Town’ in China with the fastest development speed at present, was selected and critically explored to show the current development picture and evaluate its strength and weakness. Due to the uniqueness and the initial development stage of ‘High Speed Railway New Town’ in China, comprehensive lessons from international experience in new town development and urban development around high speed railway stations were critically studied. Hence, synthesising existing literature and knowledge related to China's HSR New Town and relating this to international experience is an important and original contribution to the research.

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14

King, Kevin Walton. "Class and gender in the New Testament." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1993. http://www.tren.com.

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15

St, Cyr Daniel Jean. "Design and structure of new classes of phosphorus-based 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reagents." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86705.

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This thesis describes the design of unique classes of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reagents. The purpose of this study was to develop general and practical methods for the modular syntheses of heterocycles via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. It was found that several 1,3-dipolar reagents can be generated from imines, acid chlorides, and isocyanides or trivalent phosphorus derivatives, and can be exploited in cycloadditions for pyrrole synthesis.
In Chapter 2, a direct synthesis of pyrroles from imines, acid chlorides, and alkynes mediated by isocyanides is reported. This reaction proceeds with a range of each of these substrates, providing a method to generate families of pyrroles in high yield. This discovery evolved out of the palladium-catalyzed synthesis of Münchnones, a reaction reported by our research group. Munchnones are a known class of 1,3-dipole with practical applications in the synthesis of pyrroles. Mechanistic studies suggest that the isocyanide-mediated reaction involves the generation of imino analogues of Munchnones, which liberate isocyanate rather than carbon dioxide upon pyrrole formation.
Chapter 3 demonstrates that, in addition to isocyanides, phosphites and phosphonites may also mediate the one-pot reaction of imines, acid chlorides, and alkynes to synthesize pyrroles. The most rapid cycloadditions and optimal pyrrole yields are obtained with PPh(catechyl) (catechyl = o-O2C6H4). This third generation protocol is proposed to involve amido-substituted Wittig-type intermediates. Upon cycloaddition with alkynes, these intermediates abstract oxygen from the former acid chloride unit generating phosphonate as the reaction byproduct. This oxidation of the phosphorus(III) mediator during pyrrole synthesis is analogous to the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide during the palladium-catalyzed pyrrole synthesis.
In Chapter 4, a closer inspection of the cycloaddition intermediate reported in Chapter 3 reveals these are a new class of phosphorus-based 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reagent. These substrates undergo cycloaddition with alkynes to form pyrroles in a fashion directly analogous to Munchnones. Their ability to participate in cycloaddition is dependent upon the PR3 employed, and 1H, 13C and 31P NMR analysis suggest this PR3-dependence arises from a varying structure of the phosphorus-containing intermediate, with electron poor phosphonites and phosphites favoring the cyclic 1,3-dipolar structure, while more electron rich phosphines adopt a classic acyclic Wittig-type valence tautomer. This has been confirmed by X-ray crystallographic studies. In addition to representing a new class of dipole, the presence of the phosphorus unit creates a large steric and electronic bias across the 1,3-dipole, allowing for the regiospecific cycloaddition of unsymmetrical alkynes to form pyrroles.
Chapter 5 discloses an alternative route for the generation of phosphorus-based 1,3-dipoles, via Wadsworth-Emmons reagents rather than Wittig-type reagents. These substrates also participate in (3+2) cycloaddition with alkynes to afford pyrroles with elimination of phosphate. The amido-substituted phosphonate precursors of the Wadsworth-Emmons reagents may be generated in situ via a TMSOTf-catalyzed Arbuzov reaction of imines, acid chlorides, and phosphites of the form (RO)2POTMS. This was exploited in an overall three-component synthesis of pyrroles with complete and independent control of all five pyrrole substituents.
Cette thèse décrit la conception de classes uniques de réactifs de cycloaddition 1,3-dipôlaires. Le but de cette étude était d'élaborer des méthodes de synthèse générales, pratiques et modulaires d'hétérocycles via une stratégie de cycloaddition 1,3-dipôlaires. Il a été constaté que plusieurs réactifs 1,3-dipôlaires peuvent être facilement générés à partir des imines, chlorures d'acid et isocyanides ou des dérivés du phosphore trivalent et peuvent être exploités dans des réactions de cycloaddition pour la synthèse des pyrroles.
Au chapitre 2, une synthèse directe de pyrroles à partir d'imines, de chlorures d'acids et d'alkynes est reportée dont les isocyanides servent comme réactif en lieu et place du monoxyde de carbone. Cette réaction se produit avec une gamme de chacun de ces substrats, fournissant une méthode pour générer des familles de pyrroles à haut rendement. Les études mécanistiques suggèrent que l'utilisation des isocyanides dans cette réaction implique la génération d'analogues imino des Munchnones qui libèrent de l'isocyanate plutôt que du dioxyde de carbone lors de la formation de pyrroles.
Le chapitre 3 nous montre que les phosphites et les phosphonites peuvent également permettre la réaction «one-pot» des imines, chlorures d'acids et d'alcynes afin de synthétiser des pyrroles. Les cycloadditions les plus rapides et les meilleurs rendements de pyrrole ont été obtenus avec PPh(catechyl) (catechyl = o-O2C6H4). Nous proposons que cette réaction, de troisième génération, passe par des intermédiaires de type Wittig à substitution amido. Lors de cycloaddition avec les alcynes, un biproduit de phosphonate est généré qui contient l'oxygène provenant du réactif de chlorure d'acid. L'oxydation du réactif phosphore(III), lors de la synthèse du pyrrole, est analogue à l'oxydation du monoxyde de carbone en dioxyde de carbone au cours de la réaction analogue catalysée par le palladium.
Au chapitre 4, une inspection plus poussée de l'intermédiaire, qui participe dans la réaction de cycloaddition, signalé dans le chapitre 3 révèle ces derniers comme étant une nouvelle classe de réactifs 1,3-cycloadditions dipôlaires contenant le phosphore. Ces substrats subissent une cycloaddition avec les alcynes pour former des pyrroles d'une façon analogue aux Munchnones. Leur capacité à participer à la cycloaddition dépend du substrat PR3 employé, et l'analyse de RMN 1H, 13C et 31P suggère que cette dépendance sur le groupement PR3 repose sur une structure variable des intermédiaires contenant du phosphore, avec des phosphites et phosphonites plutôt électrons pauvres favorisant la structure cyclique 1,3-dipôlaire, tandis que les phosphines plus riches en électrons mènent à une structure tautomèrique de valence linéaire plus classique de Wittig. Celles-ci ont été confirmées par l'analyse aux rayons-X cristallographiques. En plus de représenter une nouvelle classe de dipôles, la présence de l'unité de phosphore crée un biais stérique et électronique à travers le 1,3-dipôle d'envergure, permettant la cycloaddition d'alcynes dissymétriques pour former un des deux régioisomères pyrroliques de façon séléctive.
Le chapitre 5 révèle une voie alternative pour la génération de 1,3-dipôle contenant le phosphore, empruntant des réactifs de Wadsworth-Emmons plutôt que des réactifs de Wittig comme intermédiares. Ces réactifs alternatifs peuvent également participer à la cycloaddition (3 +2) avec alcynes pour fournir des pyrroles avec l'élimination de phosphate. Les précurseurs de phosphonates amido-substitués des réactifs Wadsworth-Emmons peuvent également être générés in situ par une réaction d'Arbuzov d'imines, chlorures d'acids et phosphites de la forme (RO)2POTMS, catalysée par le TMSOTf. Ceci a été exploité dans une réaction globale qui permet la synthèse de pyrroles avec un contrôle complet et indépendant de tous les cinq substituants du pyrrole.

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16

POLLICITA, MICHELA. "New classes of anti-HIV-1 compounds active at different stages of infection." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/801.

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E’ riconosciuto che monociti/macrofagi (M/M) rappresentano un bersaglio cruciale per il virus dell’immunodeficienza umana (HIV) e giocano un ruolo chiave nella progressione patogenetica dell’infezione da HIV-1. Questo supporta la rilevanza clinica delle strategie terapeutiche in grado di interferire con la replicazione di HIV-1 nei M/M. L’importante ruolo rivestito dai M/M nella trasmissione, nella disseminazione nell’organismo e nella persistenza del virus anche in pazienti trattati con successo con terapia antiretrovirale suggerisce la necessità di identificare nuovi trattamenti contro la replicazione di HIV-1, capaci di agire a differenti stadi del ciclo virale. Obiettivo della ricerca qui presentata è stato quello di valutare l’efficacia di differenti classi di farmaci capaci di agire a diversi livelli del ciclo replicativi di HIV-1. Abbiamo dapprima studiato inibitori dell’entrata di HIV-1 che agiscono a livello della complessa sequenza di eventi che portano all’entrata del virus nella cellula bersaglio. Gli inibitori dell’entrata possono dividersi in: i) inibitori della glicoproteina virale gp120; ii) inibitori della glicoproteina gp41 (inibitori della fusione); iii) inibitori del recettore virale CD4; iv) inibitori dei principali corecettori virali CXCR4 e CCR5. Il nostro studio è stata incentrato sullo studio dell’attività antivirale di due inibitori del CCR5: DAPTA (D-Ala-Peptide T-amide) e TAK-779. I risultati ottenuti indicano che DAPTA e TAK-779 sono potenti composti anti-HIV-1 in grado di bloccare l’entrata di ceppi virali che usano il CCR5 nell’infezione dei M/M. In particolare, DAPTA è in grado di inibire la replicazione virale a concentrazioni estremamente basse. L’utilizzo di inibitori dei corecettori, come DAPTA o TAK-779, potrebbe agire in maniera sinergica col trattamento antiretrovirale nel contrastare l’infezione da HIV-1 e i danni direttamente o indirettamente indotti dal virus. Altra classe di composti capaci di inibire l’entrata di HIV-1 nelle cellule bersaglio, è rappresentata dagli agenti che legano i carboidrati (CBAs), recentemente proposti come composti innovativi che legano selettivamente i glicani della glicoproteina dell’envelope gp120 e prevengono nelle cellule dendritiche (DC) le cattura di HIV mediata dal DC-SIGN e la trasmissione dell’infezione ai linfociti T CD4+. I risultati ottenuti hanno dimostrato che le CBAs prevengono efficacemente l’infezione di R5 HIV-1 nei M/M che non esprimono livelli misurabili di DC-SIGN, mentre esprimono il recettore per il mannosio (MMR). Abbiamo anche osservato che la pre-esposizione di X4 HIV-1 alle CBAs è in grado di prevenire la cattura del virus da parte dei M/M e la conseguente formazione di sincizi nelle coculture di cellule linfocitarie C8166 non infette e M/M esposti a CBA-X4 HIV-1. Prevenendo l’entrata e quindi la replicazione virale nei M/M e riducendo la capacità degli stessi M/M di catturare e trasmettere HIV-1 ai linfociti T le CBAs potrebbero essere considerate nella selezione di farmaci microbicidi per studi clinici. Poiché i M/M rappresentano cellule cronicamente infettate, abbiamo anche studiato l’efficacia di nuovi farmaci che agiscono ad uno stadio post-integrazionale nel ciclo di replicazione di HIV-1. In particolare ci siamo focalizzati su una classe di farmaci che comprende i derivati dei quinoloni, noti antibatterici ad ampio spettro. Nei nostri esperimenti due nuovi 6-desfluoro-quinolone derivati (6-DFQs), HM-12 e HM-13, sono stati valutati per la loro attività anti-HIV-1 in cellule acutamente, cronicamente e latetemente infettate da HIV-1 e si sono rivelati agire come potenti inibitori della trascrizione virale. In un modello murino in vivo in cui i topi venivano inoculati con cellule umane patentemente infettate da HIV-1, 6-DFQs prevenivano efficacemente l’attivazione di HIV-1 guidata da TNFα. Questi composti, in grado di ridurre la replicazione virale, potrebbero essere combinati con inibitori dell’entrata, dell’integrasi o della trascrittasi inversa nel trattamento dell’infezione da HIV-1. Inoltre, poiché è noto che l’infezione da HIV-1 induce una significativa perturbazione dello stato ossidativo nei M/M, è interessante studiare nuovi farmaci capaci di contrastare il danno correlato con tale condizione di stress ossidativo. In particolare abbiamo studiato l’MnTBAP (Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphrin chloride), un catalizzatore sintetico della decomposizione del perossinitrito, in grado di ridurre la condizione di stress ossidativo dovuta al perossinitrito in M/M infetti da HIV-1. I risultati ottenuti hanno dimostrato che l’MnTBAP è in grado di inibire la replicazione e la maturazione di HIV-1 in M/M. Le caratteristiche dell’infezione di HIV-1 nei M/M potrebbero essere prese in considerazione per ideare nuove strategie terapeutiche con lo scopo di raggiungere un effetto terapeutico ottimale in tutti i compartimenti corporei in cui il virus si nasconde e replica.
It is widely recognized that monocytes/macrophages (M/M) represent a crucial target of HIV-1 in the body and play a pivotal role in the pathogenic progression of the HIV-1 infection. This strongly supports the clinical relevance of therapeutic strategies able to interfere with HIV-1 replication in M/M. The important role of M/M in HIV-1 transmission, dissemination of infectious virus throughout the body, and in virus persistence, even in patients treated successfully with HAART therapy, suggests the necessity to identify new treatments against HIV-1 replication active at different stages of virus infection. HIV-1 cellular entry inhibitors are a promising class of potential anti-HIV-1/AIDS drugs. By interacting with the viral envelope glycoproteins (gp120 or gp41), and/or with CD4 or the coreceptors, these inhibitors block different steps in the complex sequence of events leading to virus–cell fusion, counteracting in this way the HIV-1 infection of the target cells. We focused on two CCR5 inhibitors, DAPTA and TAK-779, both able to inhibit the R5 HIV-1 replication in M/M. Our results indicate that DAPTA and TAK-779 are potent anti-HIV-1 compounds able to block the virus entry of R5 HIV-1 strains in M/M, suppressing viral replication in the cells. In particular, DAPTA proved to be able to inhibit the virus replication at extremely low drug concentrations. The use of coreceptor inhibitors, such as DAPTA and TAK-779, could be important to contribute to a possible synergism with other antiretroviral treatments. Another class of compounds able to act before HIV-1 entry, is represented by carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs). These agents are recently proposed as innovative anti-HIV compounds selectively targeting the glycans of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 and preventing DC-SIGN-directed HIV capture by dendritic cells (DC) and subsequent transmission of the virus to CD4+ T-lymphocytes. We now found that CBAs also efficiently prevent R5 HIV-1 infection of human primary M/M that do not measurably express DC-SIGN but markedly express the macrophage mannose-binding receptor (MMR). We observed also that pre-exposure of X4 HIV-1 to CBAs is able to prevent efficient virus capture by M/M and subsequent syncytia formation in co-cultures of uninfected CD4+ T-lymphocyte C8166 cells and CBA-X4 HIV-1 exposed M/M. The potential of CBAs to impair M/M in their capacity of hosting virus replication and chronic production of new virus particles, but also preventing M/M to efficiently capture and transmit HIV to T-lymphocytes might be an important property to be taken into consideration in the eventual choice to select microbicide candidate drugs for clinical investigation. Since M/M represent chronically infected cells, it will be also interesting to study new drugs acting at a post-integration stage in the replication cycle of HIV-1. A unique class of drugs that may contribute to the control of the latent HIV-1 reservoir includes the quinolone derivatives, first reported as an important class of broad-spectrum antibacterials. Two novel 6-desfluoroquinolone derivatives (6-DFQs), HM-12 and HM-13, were evaluated for their anti-HIV activity in acutely, chronically and latently HIV-1-infected cell cultures (including M/M) and found to behave as potent HIV-1 transcription inhibitors. Interestingly, in a murine in vivo model in which mice are inoculated with latently HIV-1-infected human cells, 6-DFQs were shown to efficiently prevent virus activation upon TNFα triggering. Thus, these compounds are able to slow down virus replication, and should be interesting candidate drugs to be combined with entry, integrase or reverse transcriptase inhibitors that acts prior to the proviral integration in the treatment of HIV-1 infections. Because it is known that HIV-1 infection induces a significant perturbation of the oxidative status of M/M, it can be interesting also to study new drugs able to counteract the cell damage correlated with this oxidative condition. In particular, we studied MnTBAP (Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphrin chloride), a synthetic peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, able to reduce oxidative stress subsequent to peroxynitrite generation in HIV-1-infected M/M and found the compound efficient in inhibiting HIV-1 replication in M/M. In summary, the inherent properties of HIV-1 infection of M/M should be taken into account to design therapeutic strategies aimed at achieving an optimal therapeutic effect in all tissue compartments where the virus hides and replicates. We have investigated four possible new drug classes of compounds that represent interesting candidate drug leads for further (pre)clinical studies.

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17

Almond, Gabriel A. "Plutocracy and politics in New York City." Boulder, Colo. : Westview Press, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/37239035.html.

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18

Fletcher, David. "Construction operations to create new aperiodic tilings : local isomorphism classes and simplified matching rules." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9534.

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This thesis studies several constructions to produce aperiodic tilings with particular properties. The first chapter of this thesis gives a constructive method, exchanging edge to edge matching rules for a small atlas of permitted patches, that can decrease the number of prototiles needed to tile a space. We present a single prototile that can only tile R3 aperiodically, and a pair of square prototiles that can only tile R2 aperiodically. The thesis then details a construction that superimposes two unit square tilings to create new aperiodic tilings. We show with this method that tiling spaces can be constructed with any desired number of local isomorphism classes, up to (and including) an infinite value. Hyperbolic variants are also detailed. The final chapters of the thesis apply the concept of Toeplitz arrays to this construction, allowing it to be iterated. This gives a general method to produce new aperiodic tilings, from a set of unit square tilings. Infinite iterations of the construction are then studied. We show that infinite superimpositions of periodic tilings are describable as substitution tilings, and also that most Robinson tilings can be constructed by infinite superimpositions of given periodic tilings. Possible applications of the thesis are then briefly considered.

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19

Salum, Latif. "Improvements in manufacturing cell design based on new classes of high level Petri Nets." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267499.

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20

Hazelden, Ian. "Development of new classes of aza-Heck cyclisation for the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/58bca1bd-9538-4c94-9295-6da0b49eb3b2.

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Two novel classes of aza-Heck reactions have been developed. These processes generate 2-alkenyl-N-heterocycles through the palladium-catalysed cyclisation of substrates containing an activated N-O bond and a pendant olefin. The first of these, based on the cyclisation of N-acyloxysulfonamides, is only the second reported class of aza-Heck reaction and is effective for the synthesis of complex bicyclic N-heterocycles commonly found in the core structures of natural products. Subsequently, an aza-Heck reaction of N-acyloxycarbamates was developed that provides considerable improvements in terms of efficiency compared to the sulfonamide-based reaction. Through the cyclisation of N-acyloxycarbamates, pyrrolidines and piperidines, as well as related 5- and 6-membered N-heterocycles, can be prepared in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the diastereoselectivities achieved in these processes are generally much greater than those observed with aza-Heck cyclisations of N-acyloxysulfonamides. A number of mechanistic experiments have validated the aza-Heck pathway proposed for these transformations. A highly asymmetric variant of the aza-Heck reaction was also developed, based on the cyclisation of N-sulfonyloxycarbamates. Through the use of SPINOL-based phosphoramidite ligands, pyrrolidines and piperidines can be prepared in good yields and with high enantioselectivities from substrates containing a diverse range of alkenes. Additionally, palladium(0)-catalysed cascade reactions using the previously developed N-O bond donors have been demonstrated. These processes initiate with N-O oxidative addition and aminopalladation of a pendant alkene but terminate with trapping of the resulting organopalladium(II) intermediate, as opposed to b-hydride elimination. In collaboration with co-workers, a variety of alkene 1,2-aminofunctionalisation cascades have been achieved using this strategy. The application of these cascade reactions to the total synthesis of natural products has also been attempted.

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21

Steele, Andrew. "Some new classes of division algebras and potential applications to space-time block coding." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13934/.

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In this thesis we study some new classes of nonassociative division algebras. First we introduce a generalisation of both associative cyclic algebras and of Waterhouse's nonassociative quaternions. An important aspect of these algebras is the simplicity of their construction, which is a modification of the classical definition of associative cyclic algebras. By taking the parameter used in the classical definition from a larger field, we lose the property of associativity but gain many new examples of division algebras. This idea is also applied to obtain a generalisation of the first Tits construction. We go on to study constructions of Menichetti, Knuth, and Hughes and Kleinfeld, which have previously only been considered over finite fields. We extend these definitions to infinite fields and get new examples of division algebras, including some over the real numbers. Recently, both associative and nonassociative division algebras have been applied to the theory of space-time block coding. We explore this connection and show how the algebras studied in this thesis can be used to construct space-time block codes.

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22

John, Prince. "Finite Dirichlet mixture models for classification and detection of new classes of variable stars." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423151.

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The data that is being acquired by the Gaia space mission will allow us to compile a catalog of one billion stars. In the backdrop of this huge influx of data, it is crucial to have an efficient classification model. The aim of this thesis is, in particular, to develop appropriate models for the classification of variable stars based on the data that will be provided by the Gaia space survey. The first contribution of the thesis is the development of a two-stage classification model, the Two Stage Dirichlet Mixture model (TSDM), based on finite mixtures of Dirichlet distributions. We validated this model on a well-studied subgroup of variable stars in the Hipparcos catalog analo- gously to what done by Dubath et al. (2011). We also propose two different transformations of the attributes used for the classification, which allow us to use the Dirichlet distribution whose support is a simplex. The adequacy of these transformations was evaluated with the selected data, highlighting an ability to correctly classify variable stars of 69.3%. Secondly, we introduced an extension of the TSDM model, called the fixed backdrop (FB) model, whose purpose is to identify new variable star classes. Our proposal is based on the semi-supervised classification model developed by Vatanen et al. (2012) for the identification of anomalies. The FB model, in particular, combines the TSDM model, used to represent the already known classes (the so-called background), with a finite mixture of Dirichlet distributions which represent the new class. We have looked at the proposed model assuming a scenario in which the Beta Cephei (BCEP) class is the anomaly, achieving a sensitivity of 77%. The third contribution of the thesis is the feasibility study for a Bayesian supervised variable stars classification using finite mixture of Dirichlet distributions. In particular, we propose a possible a priori conjugate distribution to the model.
I dati che saranno acquisiti dalla missione spaziale Gaia consentiranno di compilare un catalogo contenente circa un miliardo di stelle. Alla luce di questo enorme afflusso di dati, è cruciale poter disporre di un modello di classificazione efficiente. L’obiettivo di questa tesi, in particolare, è sviluppare dei modelli adeguati per la classificazione delle stelle variabili in base ai dati che saranno forniti dalla missione spaziale Gaia. Il primo contributo della tesi è lo sviluppo di un modello di classificazione a due stadi, detto modello Two Stage Dirichlet Mixture (TSDM), basato su delle misture finite di distribuzioni Dirichlet. Abbiamo validato questo modello su un sottogruppo ben studiato di stelle variabili riportate nel catalogo Hipparcos in analogia a quanto fatto da Dubath et al. (2011). Proponiamo, inoltre, due diverse trasformazioni delle caratteristiche utilizzate per la classificazione, che ci consentono di utilizzare per l’appunto la distribuzione di Dirichlet il cui supporto è un simplesso. L’adeguatezza di queste trasformazioni è stata vagliata con i dati selezionati, evidenziando una capacità di corretta classificazione delle stelle variabili considerate del 69.3%. In secondo luogo, abbiamo introdotto un’estensione del modello TSDM, detta modello a sfondo fisso (FB), il cui scopo è identificare nuove classi di stelle variabili. La nostra proposta si basa sul modello per la classificazione semi supervisionata sviluppato da Vatanen et al. (2012) per l’identificazione di anomalie. Il modello FB, in particolare, combina il modello TSDM, usato per rappresentare le classi già note (il cosiddetto sfondo), con una mistura finita di distribuzioni di Dirichlet che rappresenta la nuova classe. Abbiamo vagliato il modello proposto assumendo uno scenario in cui la classe Beta Cephei (BCEP) rappresenta l’anomalia, conseguendo una sensibilità del 77%. il terzo contributo della tesi valuta la fattiblità di una classificazione di stelle Bayesiana supervisionata tramite l’utilizzo di misture di distribuzioni di Dirichlet. In particolare, proponiamo una possibile distribuzione a priori coniugata per il modello.

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23

Blaney, Elizabeth. "Tracing classed and gendered relations in education and social welfare policy discourses in New Brunswick." View this thesis online, 2006. http://libraries.maine.edu/gateway/oroauth.asp?file=orono/etheses/37803141.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of New Brunswick, Faculty of Education, 2006.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on May 24, 2010) Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 334-379). Also issued in print.

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24

Oussadou, Aomar. "Residential satisfaction in the new urban housing projects in Algeria : a case study of Ain-Allah, Algiers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11402/.

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During the last few decades most developing countries have experienced a rapid growth in population which has resulted in rapid urbanisation in the form of new towns and an expansion of existing towns, coupled with an increasing dependance upon developed countries for the implementation of the new housing programmes. In Algeria, since Independance the problems of the high population growth and the rural-urban migration have led to a rapid growth of cities and towns. Since 1975 the Algerian government has been executing numerous housing programmes named ZHUN's (Zones d' Habitat Urbaines Nouvelles), the main objective being to build as many dwellings as possible in the shortest possible period of time to reduce the housing deficit. This policy has led to the construction of many new housing projects, consisting of stereotype "international style" buildings, very often built by foreign contractors with little appreciation of the life styles and requirements of the local people. This study is, in general, concerned with the effects of the problems of the new social and physical environments on the residents' level of satisfaction with the housing projects. The main objective of this study is to suggest a set of guidelines, or a development programme, for designing new urban housing projects which fulfill the requirements of the different socio-economic groups of residents and which will increase their level of satisfaction. The case study (Ain-Allah) is one of nine new housing projects (ZHUN's) in Algiers, some of which are still being constructed. The case study has similar physical features to those of the majority of the ZHUN's. With regard to its social structure, however, it is occupied by residents with different social characteristics and backgrounds. The ZHUN's are generally occupied by people from the colonial areas, but residents in Ain-Allah are composed of two distinct groups; those who moved from the traditional area of Algiers (the Casbah) and those who moved from the Western style areas (Colonial areas). These two groups did not only move from two different physical settings, but they also have different socio-economic characteristics. The case study is representative of most social and physical features of the ZHUN's, as discussed in greater detail in the next chapter. In addition, it provides the opportunity to examine how different social groups react to the same physical environment. Findings reveal that satisfaction with the new project is influenced by residents' previous experience. Residents originating from a traditional setting (Casbah) tend to evaluate their new environment mainly by the cohesion and level of friendship between neighbours, whilst those from the western style (colonial) areas tend to attribute more importance to quality of the physical environment. When planning a new project, emphasis should not only be placed on the spatial organisation of the built form, but also on the selection of the residents and their level of homogeneity. Many researchers have argued that outdoor common spaces provide the opportunity for social contacts between residents, which in turn, encourage the process of friendship formation between them. In this research, however, findings show that the arrangement of the new buildings around large common outdoor spaces with direct visual contact affected the level of privacy of the flats. This has, consequently, hindered residents' familiar outdoor social activities and slowed down the rate of friendship formation between them. On account of the Islamic culture, based on segregation between males and females, spaces used by men (outdoor open spaces) should not be in direct visual contact with the flats which are mainly used by women, in particular housewives. The process of friendship formation is also found to be much more rapid between neighbours who originated from the same area than between those who moved as strangers and did not work together. The latter required longer for integration to the new community. Also, people working together make friends more quickly than those who do not. It is also found that the new built form affects the rate of friendship formation. Proximity of the new flats and sharing the same landing, staircases and building access encourage social contacts between residents. A comparison between a housing cluster (cluster three) occupied by heterogeneous groups (Casbah and colonial areas) and two clusters (clusters one and two) occupied only by homogeneous groups (cluster one occupied by people from the Casbah and cluster two by people from colonial areas) revealed that friendliness, but not necessarily friendship, existed between heterogeneous residents living in the same cluster (cluster three). It was also found that physical proximity between homogeneous residents (in both clusters one and two) promoted friendship formation between them. However, findings show that no social relationships existed between the two heterogeneous groups living separately (clusters one and two). To promote friendliness between heterogeneous residents and friendship between homogenous residents, this research suggests that when allocating the flats, buildings should be occupied by homogenous residents, and basic housing units by heterogenous residents. Findings also reveal that satisfaction with the outdoor spatial organisation is related to the function of the outdoor spaces. For example, when comparing levels of satisfaction with outdoor common spaces in a basic housing unit composed of residential buildings and a basic housing unit with facilities at the ground floor of its buildings, it was found that a higher number of people in the former were satisfied. The common space in the basic housing unit with facilities was transformed from a quiet semi-public space for local residents to a public space where people from all parts of the project come to do their shopping. This resulted in both a loss of privacy and noise disturbance. According to the literature, the size of a housing area, or the catchment area, is determined by the location of the primary school and shops. It suggests that these facilities should not be located at more than 5 to 7 minutes' walking distance (around 500m) from the furthest dwelling. In this research, however, it is found that the majority of people living at less than 10 minutes' walking distance (650m to 700m) from these facilities were satisfied with their location. The new projects can, therefore, have a larger catchment area than those proposed by the literature and the CNERU. Findings also suggest that it is more economical and satisfactory to locate the new housing projects as close as possible to existing commercial centres. This would not only reduce the cost of connecting a new project to water, gas, electricity and sewage systems, but would also ease the use of the facilities of the nearby commercial centre(s) by the new residents. Finally, specific measures are recommended for planning and designing new urban housing projects. It is necessary to provide an environment which allows easy integration to the new community, and with which residents can identify and be satisfied. This is possible to achieve by understanding the socio-economic and cultural characteristics of the residents, by housing these residents in such a way as to encourage friendship formation between them, and by providing a new built form which fulfills the requirements of the residents and which does not hinder their familiar social activities.

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25

Abuhamdah, Sawsan Mohammad Ali. "Probing novel compound classes & a new interacting protein for the mammalian GABA(_A) receptor." Thesis, Durham University, 2006. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2636/.

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y-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain mediating its fast inhibitory action via GABA(_A) receptors. These receptors are implicated in a number of neurological diseases, making GABA(_A) receptor ligands interesting as potential therapeutic agents. The aims of this research project were two-fold: identifying leads for the discovery of new chemical entities that modify GABA(_A) receptor function. The second aim was to increase the understanding of GABAgeric transmission by studying the pharmacological influence of a new interacting protein for the mammalian GABA(_A) receptor, GRIF-1. In the search for novel ligands for GABA(_A) receptor, the pharmacology of three structurally distinct compound classes was investigated. The first class was the NSAID, Mefenamic acid (MFA) and a group of analogues. Results showed that MFA and a series of analogues selectively modulate GABAAR at the agonist binding site, but did not interact with either the picrotoxin or the benzodiazepine sites. Indeed the most significant result of this study was the identification of common active conformers of MFA compound and the differentiation of two analogues based on MFA structure, with an improvement in apparent efficacy. The second compound studied was Octyi-13-Dglucoside, a small molecule congener of a natural fungal metabolite, Caloporoside. These studies demonstrated that Octyi-13-D-glucoside is a positive modulator of GABAA receptor at the channel site demonstrated by its stimulation of specific [(^35)S] TBPS binding. The level of stimulation was similar to that elicited by diazepam and was occluded by GABA. Preliminary structure-activity study showed that the 13-glycosidic linkage and chain length are crucial for the positive modulation of [(^35)S] TBPS binding to the GABAAR by this novel chemical class. The third compound series were essential oils derived from Melissa officinalis and Lavendula angustifolia. These two oils either singly or in combination have been reported to have a significant benefit in the treatment of agitation in dementia. The purpose of this study was to clarify the sedative and calming mechanisms of these two common essential oils by investigating their effects on the GABAAR complex. Melissa and Lavender both singly and in combination inhibit [(^35)S] TBPS binding to the channel site of GABAAR. Melissa oil displayed the higher affinity. Melissa oil alone also showed a stimulatory effect on [(^3)H] muscimol binding. Interestingly, a combination effect on the inhibition of [(^3)H] flunitrazepam binding to the GABAAR has been shown when Lavender and Melissa oils are applied together (50:50), with no effect when applied alone. Neither Melissa nor Lavender oils demonstrated any effect on the binding of [(^3)H] MK-801 to NMDA receptors, or [3H) nicotine to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Furthermore, functional studies have demonstrated that both oils (0.01 mg/ml) applied to rat primary cortical neuron cultures, results in a significant reduction in both inhibitory and excitatory transmission, with a net depressant effect on neurotransmission. These data suggests that the calming/sedative effects of Melissa are mediated by multiple mechanisms in the CNS; the net effect is depressant on the overall neuronal network. Finally, a pharmacological study was performed on GRIF-1a, a novel GABAA receptor 132 subunit trafficking protein, to gain further insights into the potential role of this novel protein at the inhibitory synapse. In the present work, evidence was provided that GRIF-1a does not increase a1j32y2 receptor complex numbers, but appears importantly to stabilise the GABAAR in a conformation which facilitates binding to both GABA and benzodiazepines. These findings suggest that GRIF-1 protein may be a novel means of modifying the efficacy of synaptic inhibition. In summary, this thesis provides a clear picture about four novel ways for the modulation of the GABAA receptor inhibitory transmission.

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26

Lei, Yanhui. "Urban/village extension : design principles of new urbanism : the case studies of Poundbury and Upton." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27869/.

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The motivation for this research is based on the very serious problem – local identity loss of village extensions in the Chinese ordinary villages. During the new development of Chinese ordinary villages, international concrete blocks and multi-storey apartments, which have been mass-produced in urban areas, are simply copied into rural areas replacing the local distinctive built environment. The author of this thesis set out to rethink the design principles of new urbanism in a way which can help create an urban/village extension of a town or a village to respect local identity or local context. Therefore, the research question is that ‘Can the design principles of new urbanism promote local identity or harmony with local context for urban/village extension? By reviewing the primary theories and ideas, the literature review draws upon primary sources of new urbanism including introduction and design principles which underlies a fundamental theoretical framework of design principles of new urbanism, and the overall view of the practice. Once the framework of design principles of new urbanism have been established in this research, it is essential to test it through case studies. The purpose of case studies is to identify if the design principles of new urbanism can promote local identity or harmony with local context in practice. Two UK cases, Poundbury and Upton were selected and analysed. During case studies, the interview plays an important role in modifying the design principles of new urbanism which direct the analysis of the physical environments of Poundbury and Upton. The initial outcomes are expected to confirm that the design principles of new urbanism could promote local identity or harmony with local context based on the case study findings. In order to further investigate these outcomes, factual information was collected through questionnaires administered face-to-face and on-the-spot to the residents of Poundbury and Upton. The findings of the questionnaire provided strong investigated evidence along with the initial outcomes addressed by literature review and the case studies. Finally, it can be concluded that the design principles of new urbanism are appropriate to promote local identity or harmony with local context for creating an urban/village extension. Keywords: urban/village extension, design principles of new urbanism, local identity, harmony with local context.

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27

Hart, Christopher J. "Identifying new compounds active against Giardia duodenalis." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/391055.

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Giardia are a genus of enteric pathogens consisting of at least six species (Monis et al. 2009), of which one, Giardia duodenalis, infects humans (Heyworth 2016). In addition to humans, G. duodenalis parasites infect other mammals, which may act as reservoirs for human infection (Traub et al. 2004; Yaoyu and Xiao 2011; Abeywardena et al. 2015; Sroka et al. 2015; Štrkolcová et al. 2015; Heyworth 2016). In humans Giardia infection can be asymptomatic, however all infected hosts shed cysts and can transmit parasites (Oliveira-Arbex et al. 2016; Figgatt et al. 2017). Giardia infection can cause giardiasis, a diarrhoeal disease with a variety of clinical manifestations (Wolfe 1992; Homan and Mank 2001; Sahagún et al. 2008; Nielsen et al. 2014). An estimated 180 million symptomatic human Giardia infections occur every year (Kirk et al. 2015), and treatment is reliant on a small number of chemotherapeutic classes, all of which are associated with liabilities. Liabilities include but are not limited to; poor treatment efficacies, long treatment courses and side-effects which impact compliance (Cina et al. 1996; Wright et al. 2003; Escobedo and Cimerman 2007; Nabarro et al. 2015). Growing parasite resistance to the first-line treatment drugs, the 5-nitroimidazoles, is also a concern (Nabarro et al. 2015). The aim of the current study was to pave the way towards improved treatment options for giardiasis by identifying new lead compounds for drug development, and to further examine the activity of these compounds. To achieve this, a new anti-Giardia activity assay to assess parasite growth in micro-titre plates under microaerobic (3 % O2) conditions was developed. This image-based assay uses bright-field microscopy paired with digital phase-contrast microscopy and supervised machine learning software, PhenoLOGIC and Harmony® (Perkin-Elmer, USA) to differentiate and enumerate parasites. Growth assessment does not require cell-staining or a genetically modified parasite line, thus it can assess the growth of any established Giardia line, at multiple time-points which are distinct advantages over other assays currently used in the Giardia field. Importantly, this assay gives 50 % inhibitory (IC50) values for control compounds metronidazole (IC50; 2.7 ± 0.7 µM), albendazole (54 ± 5 nM) and furazolidone (200 ± 90 nM) , against BRIS/91/HEPU/1279 at 48 h consistent with those previously reported by others (Edlind et al. 1990; Cedillo-rivera et al. 2002; Hounkong et al. 2011; Tejman-Yarden et al. 2011). The validated image-based assay was used to screen a sub-set of Compound Australia’s Open-access Scaffold Library for anti-Giardia activity. A total of 2451 compounds (two per scaffold) were screened at 10 µM. Forty-one compounds (1.7 % hit rate) were validated as having anti-Giardia activity (>50 % inhibition at 48 h) in these assays. Secondary testing of hit compounds to determine IC50 values against Giardia and neonatal foreskin fibroblasts (NFF) identified five compounds with IC50 values <1 µM and >10 fold selectivity for parasites over mammalian cells. Rational selection based on selective activity, chemical novelty and chemical liabilities identified seven hit series for further investigation. Compounds within these series (196 total; ~28/series) were then assessed to examine structure activity relationships (SARs) and prioritize hit series for development. Analogues of particularly potent and selective series were also synthesized by collaborators and assessed for anti-parasitic activity and selectivity. The most promising hit was three orders of magnitude more potent than the current first-line anti-Giardia treatment drug, metronidazole (SN00798527; series CL9569; 48 h IC50 9 nM vs. metronidazole 48 h IC50 3 µM), with a selectivity index (SI) of >11,000. Importantly, this activity was maintained against multiple Giardia isolates encompassing both human infecting G. duodenalis assemblages (A and B) and against metronidazole resistant parasites. These data suggest that SN00798527 has a different mode of action to metronidazole and that cross-resistance with the 5-nitroimidazoles is unlikely, and that the molecule is likely to be equally effective against both human infecting genotypes. Preliminary in vivo data suggests that this compound is well tolerated in Swiss mice, with no toxicity seen at oral doses of up to 0.7 mg/kg (10x the calculated therapeutic dose (CTD) for this compound). Preliminary data also suggest that SN00798527 is active in a murine giardiasis model. Neonate Swiss mice dosed daily for three days with orally administered SN00798527 (0.7 mg/kg 10xCTD) harboured significantly reduced parasite loads (73 % reduction in trophozoite load and 99 % reduction in cyst load) compared to untreated control mice. Taken together these data highlight the in vivo potential of series CL9596 and suggest further in vivo trials and mode of action studies are warranted. Lead compounds within two additional compound series (SC003542 and CL9406), SN00776497 and SN00797640 also demonstrated promising in vitro activity (48 h IC50 values 183 and 23 nM and SI of 291-343 and 24-90, respectively) that was consistent against multiple isolates encompassing both human infecting G. duodenalis genotypes and against metronidazole resistant parasites. While the timeframe of this project did not permit the in vivo anti-Giardia activity of these molecules to be evaluated, toxicity studies in Swiss mice also demonstrated these compounds to be safe at doses of up to 2 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg respectively (10x CTD).
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text

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28

Casoni, Giorgia. "Lithiation-borylation methodology : new classes of metal carbenoid precursors for the iterative homologation of boronic esters." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/a23ba6dc-ca82-4390-98df-bd8e5ac940c3.

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The work described in this thesis details the development of new classes of metallated carbenoids to be used in the homologation of boronic esters. 2-Phenyl-azetidinium ylide, generated in situ by deprotonation of 2-phenylazetidinium triflate, reacted with boronic esters to give, after ring-opening 1,2-metallate rearrangement, γ-dimethylamino tertiary boronic esters. The process proved to be not stereospecific, owing to the configurational instability of the generated intermediated ylide, which presumably exists in equilibrium with the open chain carbene species. The use of enantioenriched α-sulfinyl benzoates as precursors to lithium and magnesium carbenoids for the stereoselective reagent-controlled homologation of boronic esters has also been developed. α-Sulfinyl benzoates could be synthesised in very high enantiopurity from racemic lithiated benzoates by transmetalation to the corresponding magnesiated benzoates followed by electrophilic trapping with enantiomerically pure Andersen’s sulfinate. Alternatively, the α-sulfinyl benzoates could be prepared by alkylation of methylene α-sulfinyl benzoate. The carbenoid precursors were subsequently employed in the homologation of boronic esters, a process that proved to be efficient using either t-BuLi or i-PrMgClžLiCl to trigger the sulfoxide−metal exchange, giving the homologated products in high yield and excellent stereofidelity. The development of one-, two- and three-carbon building blocks for the homologation of boronic esters enabling the introduction of diverse functional groups has also been investigated.

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29

Pouw, Johannes Antonius Maria. "The Santa Maria still sails : the old-new-old spiral in the writing of Matt Cohen /." Delft : Uitg. De Esdoorn, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355328963.

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30

Joshi, Manishkumar Dilipkumar. "Synthesis of New Classes of Ionic Liquids and Polymeric Ionic Liquids and their Applications in Microextraction Techniques." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1372871956.

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31

Holl, David J. "A performance analysis of TCP and STP implementations and proposals for new QoS classes for TCP/IP." Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0501103-111419.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
Keywords: TCP; RED; satellite; PEP; STP; performance enhancing proxy; segment caching; IP-ABR; Internet; bandwidth reservation; IP-VBR; congestion avoidance; bandwidth sharing. Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-99).

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32

De, Figueiredo Bryce Parker. "Developing New Classes of Thick-Origami-Based Mechanisms: Conceal-and-Reveal Motion and Folding Printed Circuit Boards." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6646.

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Origami-adapted mechanisms form the basis of an increasing number of engineered systems. As most of these systems require the use of non-paper materials, various methods for accommodating thickness have been developed. These methods have opened new avenues for origami-based design. This work introduces approaches for the design of two new classes of thick-origami systems and demonstrates the approaches in hardware. One type of system, called "conceal-and-reveal,'' is introduced, and a method of designing these mechanisms is developed. Techniques are also developed for designing folding printed circuit boards which are fabricated from a single sheet of material. This enables areas of regional flexibility, leaving other areas stiff. This allows components to be attached to stiff regions and folding to occur at flexible regions. An optimization method is presented to design the geometry of surrogate hinges to aid in monolithic origami-based mechanisms such as flexible PCBs. Examples are shown which demonstrate each of these new techniques.

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Cabral, Valdenisio Alves. "Comerciários de João Pessoa: novo sindicalismo, conflitos de classes e cultura política (1986-1993)." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6014.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:23:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2767761 bytes, checksum: ac58e327217b02dcec74da9dc1676d4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-30
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This study aims to present an approach of how the new unionism contributed to the change in the political culture of the leaders in commerce unionism João Pessoa, between 1986 and 1993. Historical context in which the authentic unionism emerged provided significant changes in the relationship between capital and work from the disruption to the ancient practice of making unionism during the military dictatorship. We believe that this movement was primarily responsible for the change in behavior of the new union leaders that category of workers where there was a prevailing culture of harmony between antagonistic classes. This new unionism will bring out a union opposition to fight what became known as pelegas practices. From an analysis of the political practices of the "old unionism" and change the political culture in commerce unionism João Pessoa. Understand how political culture not only the practices and attitudes of social agents, but these agents have relationships with symbolic elements, whether the acceptance or rejection and certain power projects in the political structure. As theoretical foundation, we will use the concepts of political culture and class identity in order to understand the behavior of union leaders Category shopkeeper. The sources used were built on research papers, oral reports, official documents and works of Brazilian historiography.
Este estudo tem por finalidade fazer uma abordagem de como o novo sindicalismo contribuiu para a mudança de cultura política das lideranças do sindicalismo comerciário de João Pessoa, entre 1986 e 1993. O contexto histórico em que surgiu o sindicalismo autêntico proporcionou mudanças significativas nas relações entre capital e trabalho a partir das rupturas com as antigas práticas de se fazer sindicalismo durante a ditadura militar. Acreditamos que este movimento foi o principal responsável pela mudança de comportamento dos novos dirigentes sindicais daquela categoria de trabalhadores onde predominava uma cultura de harmonia entre as classes antagônicas. Esse novo sindicalismo vai fazer emergir uma oposição sindical no combate ao que ficou conhecido como práticas pelegas. A partir de uma análise entre as práticas políticas do chamado velho sindicalismo e, mudança de cultura política no sindicalismo comerciário de João Pessoa. Entendemos como cultura política não só as práticas e atitudes dos agentes sociais, mas as relações que esses agentes têm com os elementos simbólicos, sejam pela aceitação e ou pela rejeição a determinados projetos de poder na estrutura política. Como fundamentação teórica, utilizaremos os conceitos de cultura política e identidade de classe visando entender o comportamento dos dirigentes sindicais da categoria comerciária. As fontes utilizadas foram construídas em pesquisa em jornais, relatos orais, documentos oficiais e obras da historiografia brasileira.

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Berger, Nancy Jane. "WHAT IS COLLEGE-LEVEL WRITING? - THE COMMON GROUND FROM WHICH A NEW SECONDARY POST SECONDARY COMPOSITION PARTNERSHIP CAN BE FORMED." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4033.

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In the Introduction to What is "College-Level" Writing?, editors Patrick Sullivan and Howard Tinberg state that the title asks "one of the most important questions in our profession" (xiii). However, even after 418 pages of essays written from the perspectives of high school teachers, college instructors, students, and administrators, the answer remains elusive because college-level writing does not, in fact, start in college - it starts in high school - where high school teachers believe they are instilling in their college-bound students the writing skills required by post-secondary institutions. The students, meanwhile, show up in first-year composition classes to find not only have they not been prepared for college-level writing, they haven't the faintest idea what college-level writing is. Our students have more writing demands on them now than ever before -- both in and outside of academia -- what past CCCC president, Douglas D. Hesse, terms "obliged" and "self-sponsored" writing (349). The job market has gone global and careerism is a reality for the college graduates of today. Yet, college writing instruction represents the last chance students have to learn the rhetorical traditions behind the writing skills, along with the realization that without an understanding of process and purpose, the products they do produce will never reach full potential. It is this seemingly dichotomic relationship between the "global village" job market and the rhetorical tradition that has created the exigence for this research. This study examines twelfth grade English and first-year college composition instruction from the three perspectives comprising the College Writing Contact Zone rhetorical triangle (practitioners-professional organizations-textbooks). Following the model of analysis used by Patrick Sullivan and Howard Tinberg in What is "College-Level" Writing, essays and articles written by high school teachers and first-year composition instructors involved in the "what is college-level writing?" conversation are discussed, examining each for the common threads running throughout their different viewpoints. The curricula at both the 12th grade high school and first-year college levels is also researched, in light of the mandates instituted by the professional organizations of the discipline (the NCTE and CCCC). Specifically examined are the roles these respective professional organizations played in the evolution of 12th grade high school English classes and the first-year college composition course, as we know them today. Finally, the textbooks, which inform the curricula of 12th grade high school English and first-year college composition, are investigated in regards to scope and sequence, assumptions, and authorship. The learning theories driving the textbooks are then used to construct the definition of college-level writing from the perspective of textbook publishers. The answer to the "What is college-level writing?" question emerging from this research is not what one might expect. College-level writing, as an entity, does not exist because college-level writing is the result of college-level discourse literacy. Since first year college students must step outside their comfort zone into Pratt's contact zone, perhaps, "instead of asking how to make high school writing prepare students for college writing ,. . ." we should be asking what literacy looks like"(Thompson 80). Making students aware of the different discourse communities in existence at the college level (Hesse's self-sponsored and obliged) is the first step in their being able to learn what writing is considered appropriate within each discourse community. What is needed is a new paradigm in the form of a transitional composition class that cultivates students as critically thinking writers who are the experts of their own thoughts and ideas. Whether this class belongs in the twelfth grade curriculum or the first-year college curriculum needs to be determined, but its absence is the missing link responsible for the non-transference of writing skills from the high school to the college level, as well as the non-transference of writing skills beyond the first-year composition class within academia. Our high schools, recognizing the fact that all of their twelfth grade English students are not going on to college, teach the writing skills and reading analyses needed for post-secondary school life - whatever that may be. First-year composition instructors assign their essays and research papers expecting their students to already be well-versed in the self-sponsored and obliged discourses of the academy - but they are not. The contact zone is created and the conflict begins because students need to access those discourses if they are to start creating self-sponsored knowledge of their disciplines. It is this 'knowing,' this created knowledge, that transforms our students into writers; the writers for whom we are the stewards.
M.A.
Department of English
Arts and Humanities
English MA

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35

Milner, Daniel Michael. "Songs and integration of the New York Irish, 1783-1883." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7312/.

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Focusing where possible on folk and early popular music as historical documents, this thesis investigates how successive waves of culturally alien Irish immigrants were able to overcome hostility and eventually integrate into the population of New York City. It establishes that legacies of Protestant reformation, British domination and Catholic deprivation carried from Ireland and Great Britain combined in New York City with economic and political competition to invigorate latent anti-Catholic and anti-Irish hostility. This process was greatly aggravated by the huge and incessant scope of immigration; and the unsuitability of a poorly-educated, rural people for settlement in an increasingly urbanised commercial industrial environment. Irish Catholics refused assimilation because it required the rejection of their heritage. Instead, they opted to integrate en masse through the acquisition of political power, a far longer process marked by ebbs and flows of fortune and opposition. Employing lyrics and the wider culture of folk and popular song, as well as period newspaper reportage and modern scholarship, the thesis traces the chronology of Catholic Irish integration beginning with the establishment of state and national sovereignty in late 1783. The Introduction provides broader thesis overview and definitions. Chapter One establishes that by 1700 official British colonial policy purposefully discouraged Catholic settlement in New York. Chapter Two shows conservative Federalist opposition to providing equal religious and political rights. Chapter Three examines the dual impact of Ireland's Great Hunger and America's Second Great Awakening. Chapter Four investigates the opportunity and challenge presented by the American Civil War, and the catastrophic Draft Riots of 1863. Chapter Five sees the Catholic Irish banish Orangeism, gain control of Tammany Hall and then the mayor's office. Throughout, songs illuminate the Catholic Irish path towards integration.

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Lowe, John. "Developing a framework for researching ethnicity and multiculturalism in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/609/.

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This thesis examines a variety of theoretical issues relating to ethnicity, multiculturalism and racism in New Zealand. It is argued that whilst the country’s history has been replete with anti-Asiatic racisms, it is necessary to transcend the timeless notion of racism as colour discrimination and to instead, situate past and present anti-Asiatic racisms within the nation’s temporally specific positions in modernity. Through an orientation to time and diachrony, the research considers if a liberal policy of multiculturalism is conducive for contemporary New Zealand society. In view of academic debates suggesting that a ‘practical’ version of multiculturalism exists alongside the country’s constitutional biculturalism, it is argued that the de facto version of multiculturalism exhibits the characteristics of commercial and conservative multiculturalisms which fail to address the problem of racism. A liberal form of multiculturalism, it is maintained, will not produce the best outcome for New Zealand because it is insensitive to indigenous rights and will remain mutually exclusive from biculturalism. This research then concludes with a discussion on the likely future of cosmopolitanism in New Zealand, both as a theory and how it might possibly work in practice without immolating the hegemony of biculturalism.

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37

Hennessen, Fabienne [Verfasser]. "Studies on two compound classes from actinobacteria exhibiting new antibacterial mechanisms of action : chelocardins and telomycins / Fabienne Hennessen." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1215571372/34.

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38

Jourdan, Silvère. "Du processus de métropolisation à celui de la gentrification, l’exemple de deux villes nord-méditerranéennes : Barcelone et Marseille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3081/document.

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Анотація:

Les transformations économiques et sociales des sociétés anciennement industrielles ont contribué à la métamorphose des centres anciens de nombreuses villes. Des mouvements centripètes de capitaux et de population, se sont initiés et intensifiés ces dernières décennies. La périphérie des villes autrefois si attractive n’est plus le lieu privilégié d’un type de population qui lui préfère les centres anciens. Il s’agit de la gentrification. Barcelone et plus récemment Marseille n’ont pas échappé à cette dynamique. En s’appuyant sur des travaux pluridisciplinaires, cette thèse se propose tout d’abord de rappeler les définitions du processus, puis d’en saisir les étapes et les modalités sur le terrain. Or, cette étude nous amène à comprendre la gentrification comme un aspect de la métropolisation, dans ses dimensions économique, urbanistique, sociale, politique et culturelle. Depuis les années 1990, quels sont les indices nous permettant d’affirmer qu’un « retour en ville » est en marche ? Une approche quantitative basée sur un important corpus statistique et la confrontation de ces résultats statistiques à des données plus qualitatives nous permettent de répondre à cette question, tout en révélant une réalité idiosyncratique qui interroge la théorie. Enfin, les modes et les rythmes de développement d’un processus qui ne se limite plus aux quartiers anciens et centraux mais qui par capillarité se répand dans les faubourgs laissent apparaître, dans ces deux villes nord-méditerranéennes, non pas un processus de gentrification mais des processus différenciés
Economic and social changes of old industrial societies have contributed to the transformation of the downtown of many cities. The centripetal flow of capital and population has initiated and intensified in recent decades. The suburbs of cities, initially so attractive, seems to decline for a new type of population who prefers the downtown way of life. This is gentrification. Barcelona, and most recently Marseille, have not escaped this dynamic. Firstly, based on interdisciplinary works, this thesis proposes to record the definition of the process and to grasp the steps and procedures in the field. However, this study leads us to understand the gentrification as an aspect of metropolization, in its economic, urban, social, political and cultural dimensions. Since the 1990s, what have the changes been, that allow us to affirm that "a back to the city" is running? A quantitative approach based on an extensive statistical corpus and the confrontation of these statistical results of the qualitative data, we can answer this question, while revealing an idiosyncratic reality that questions the theory. Finally, the modes and rates of development of a process that is no longer confined to the old and central areas but spreads by capillary action in the inner-suburbs, demonstrates in both north -Mediterranean cities, that there is not one process of gentrification but differentiated processes

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39

Johannes, Berit [Verfasser], and James B. [Akademischer Betreuer] Orlin. "New Classes of Complete Problems for the Second Level of the Polynomial Hierarchy / Berit Johannes. Betreuer: James B. Orlin." Berlin : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1014946557/34.

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40

Gerlich, Gerhard [Verfasser]. "List Classes and Difference Lists : A New Approach to Difference Lists and Difference Sets in Abelian Groups / Gerhard Gerlich." Aachen : Shaker, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1166511952/34.

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41

CAMASMIE, MARIANA JUNQUEIRA. "THE OCCUPATION MOVEMENT OS SCHOOLS AND THE NEW FORMS OF FRUITION OF SCHOOLING YOUTH IN POPULAR CLASSES IN BRAZIL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36217@1.

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Анотація:

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
A dissertação discute o movimento de ocupação das escolas no Brasil durante os anos de 2015 e 2016 a partir da reflexão de que esse foi um tipo de mobilização em que os jovens das classes populares se apresentaram de forma inédita na cena pública, em um fenômeno que revela sinais contraditórios. De um lado, as ocupações constituem uma demonstração de apreço inédito dos jovens em relação à escola pública, percebida como decisiva para suas vidas; de outro, o fenômeno não deixa de explicitar uma nova forma de desigualdade entre os jovens de classes populares, em um processo que se sobrepõe à desigualdade já existente decorrente do dualismo entre a rede pública e a rede privada. Por mobilizar questões ligadas ao campo da educação e ao projeto de escolarização da juventude brasileira, a ocupação das escolas aparece como resultado de um processo de mudança social que, analisado pela chave da sociologia da educação, revela uma nova forma de ação coletiva e uma interlocução entre instituição, sujeitos e direitos. De modo a contextualizar como se chegou a esse processo de mudança social, considerou-se necessária a problematização da promessa de um projeto de escola republicana, que somente a partir de 1988 se materializa na afirmação da escola pública como central à construção da democracia no país; em seguida, apresenta-se uma revisão bibliográfica que busca salientar como a escola enquanto instituição produz desigualdades internas que redefinem as desigualdades externas à ela, atravessando com isso os projetos de futuro da juventude popular. Com base nessa revisão bibliográfica, que mobiliza um debate sobre as narrativas de jovens de classes populares e sobre a insuficiência de políticas públicas direcionadas à juventude, pode-se avançar em uma reflexão sobre o quanto ainda falta para que a universalização do acesso à escola se dê de fato, e sobre o quanto isso impacta de maneira negativa na trajetória de jovens no Brasil. Por fim, caracteriza-se o movimento de ocupação das escolas em seus diferentes aspectos, e de como ele interpela as bases de autoridade da instituição escolar tal como ela está posta no Brasil. Nesse contexto, as narrativas de jovens, apresentadas em tal revisão bibliográfica nos fornece melhor compreensão da visão que eles têm sobre a escola, sobre seus efeitos, ou mesmo sobre a falta dessa instituição em suas vidas. É nesse sentido que o debate sobre a ocupação das escolas importa para o estudo das Ciências Sociais, pois o fato de haver uma parcela da população juvenil engajada dentro das escolas, reivindicando direitos e mostrando a sua capacidade reflexiva acerca de questões que vão além dos muros da escola, como vimos em 2015/16, é sem dúvida um fenômeno de primeira grandeza para a sociologia da educação, para a sociologia da juventude e para os estudos sobre as novas formas de desigualdade social.
The dissertation discusses the movement of occupation of Brazilian schools during the years of 2015 and 2016 based on the reflection that this was a form of mobilization in which the young of grassroots classes came forward in an unprecedented way in the public scene, upon a phenomenon which reveals contradictory signs. On one hand, the occupations constitute a demonstration of their unprecedented appreciation towards public school, perceived as decisive for their lives; on the other hand, the phenomenon still expresses a new form of social inequality among the young of grassroots classes, in a process that overlaps the inequality already in place as a result of the duality between public and private systems. Because it mobilizes issues connected to the field of education and the project of schooling Brazilian youth, the occupation of schools arises as a result of a process of social change that, considered in the key of sociology of education, reveals a new form of collective action and a dialogue between institution, subjects and rights. In order to contextualize how we have reached this process of social change, it seems necessary to question the promise of a republican school project, which is materialized only since 1988 in the affirmation of the public school as central to the construction of a democracy in the country; thereafter, a bibliographic review is presented in the pursuit of emphasizing how the school as an institution produces internal inequalities that redefine external inequalities to itself, crossing projects of future of grassroots youth. On the basis of this bibliographical review, which mobilizes a debate on narratives of grassroots-classes youngs and on the insufficiency of public policies directed to the youth, we can proceed to a reflection on how much it still lacks for the universalization of access to school actually happens, and on how much that impacts the paths of youngs in Brazil on a negative way. Ultimately, we describe the movement of occupation of schools in its different traits, and how it heckles basis of authority of the educational institution as it is presented in Brazil. In this context, the narratives of the youngs, presented in this bibliographical review, provide us a better comprehension of their vision towards the school, towards its effects, or even on the lack of the institution in their lives. It is in this sense that the debate about the occupation of schools matters to the study of Social Sciences, because the fact of having a fraction of the juvenile population engaged inside the schools, claiming rights and showing their reflective capacity on the questions which cut across the walls of the school, as seen in 2015/2016, is undoubtedly a phenomenon of first rate to sociology of education, to sociology of the youth, and to the studies of new means of social inequality.

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42

Nass, Nada Mahmoud. "Revisiting unexploited natural products in search of new antibacterial drug candidates : the case of the benzoisochromanequinone and dithiolopyrrolone classes." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18427/.

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It has become vital to identify antibacterial drug candidates with novel modes of action to address the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. One way of rapidly accessing novel antibiotics is to revisit natural product classes that have previously been shown to possess antibacterial activity, but have never been clinically exploited. The recent introduction of the antibiotics daptomycin, retapamulin, and fidaxomicin to the clinic is a proof of concept that revisiting known of novel natural product scaffolds could achieve clinical benefit. In this thesis, the benzoisochromanequinone (BIQ) and dithiolopyrrolone (DTP) classes of natural products were revisited. In chapter three, the BIQ class actinorhodin was subject to a detailed biological characterization. γ-actinorhodin was found to possess several requisite properties of a useful antibacterial drug candidate; it possessed potent bactericidal anti-Gram-positive activity, which included activity against MRSA and VISA strains (MIC90 of 2 μg/ml), was found to exhibit selective toxicity against prokaryotes, and displayed low resistance potential in vitro. Mode of action studies showed that γ-actinorhodin acts on the bacterial membrane in a manner distinct from other membrane-perturbing agents in clinical use. Preliminary studies of safety and efficacy of γ-actinorhodin in vivo showed potential promise for treatment staphylococcal infection. In chapter four of this thesis, the DPT thiolutin was studied, with an emphasis on understanding its mode of antibacterial action. In E. coli, thiolutin demonstrated preferential inhibition of RNA synthesis in agreement with earlier studies. In S. aureus however, while potent bacteriostatic activity was noted, thiolutin showed an unusual profile in radiolabel incorporation experiments with no inhibitory effect on any macromolecular biosynthetic pathway. Genetic analysis of mutants resistant to thiolutin revealed mutations in the S.aureus thioredoxin and in E. coli glutaredoxin redox systems components suggesting the involvement of these systems in the reductive activation of thiolutin. Inhibition of E. coli transcription and translation could not be detected in vitro, even in the presence of reducing agent suggested that RNA polymerase is not the primary target of thiolutin. The finding from this study and recent publication (Chan et al. 2017) suggest that DTPs exerts their antibacterial activity via a novel mode of action. In summary, the findings of this study with thiolutin and γ-actinorhodin underscore the utility of revisiting unexploited natural product in the search for antibacterials with novel mode of action.

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Putman, John C. "The emergence of a new west : the politics of class and gender in Seattle, Washington, 1880-1917 /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9975038.

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Oguz, Carina. "Förberedelseklasser : Vägen in till samhället." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3018.

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The main purpose of my essay is to inquire into the situation in the preparatory classes. The focus of interest in the essay is to see how new arrived pupils/children from Iraq integrate in the new school environment, foreign culture and what difficulties they come across during their period at the preparatory class. Such as language difficulties and how they manage with the traumatic memories from the war and the effect of that in their learning. I choose to do a qualitative survey and taking part in observing a preparatory class to see how they work. Thereafter, to see from a different perspective and understand the pupils more and perhaps go deeper with some questions I choose to interview some of the pupils. The responds I received gave me a more comprehensible idea of the struggle these children have been through and still go through in a daily basis. The result of this study illustrates the character of a preparatory class, and the central factors that occur in their education. The result have shown that an intercultural work procedure at the schools gives the pupils in the preparatory classes a chance to integrate in the new multicultural environment. The intercultural way of working is necessary for their language development, other pupils and teachers understanding of their situation and the work up of their traumatic experiences.

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Özekin, Muhammed Kürşad. "Transnational corporations, state and classes in Turkey : the rise of new forms of dependent development in global automotive value chains." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/73744/.

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46

Korenstein, Alyssa. "Predictors of Primary Care Career Choice: A Review of AMCAS Applications of Four Graduating Classes at a New Medical School." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623466.

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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.
The United States (U.S.) is currently facing a shortage of primary care physicians, an issue particularly salient in Arizona. The purpose of this project is to investigate predictors of students entering primary care specialties that may be apparent from their American Medical College Application Service (AMCAS) applications, in order to best serve the needs of the physician workforce. We hypothesized that factors such as female gender, older age at application (“non‐traditional” students), and being raised in a rural/underserved community background may be predictors of students who choose primary care fields. AMCAS applications are completed by aspiring medical students and contain demographic information including gender, age, race, languages spoken, and family/community characteristics. Data provided also include academic factors such as college major, grade point average (GPA), and Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) scores. Other subjective data reported by applicants include descriptions of extracurricular activities and a personal statement. The National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) is the system used by graduating students during the last semester of medical school to match students with their choice of specialty and the residency program wherein they will spend an additional three years, minimum, in training. Based on the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) designations, we are considering primary care to be Family Medicine, Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, and Medicine‐Pediatrics. We examined data from AMCAS applications of all 149 students who graduated from the University of Arizona College of Medicine‐Phoenix between 2011‐2014, and compared to their NRMP match outcomes. Comparisons were made between non‐primary care versus primary care‐overall, as well as Family Medicine alone versus all other matches given the increasing rate of specialization within Internal Medicine and Pediatrics. Multiple logistic regression revealed two predictors of primary care career choice compared to non‐primary care: having more siblings (P=.003) and non‐physician parents (P=.017). Specific to Family Medicine, several predictors were identified compared to the non‐Family Medicine cohort: a slightly greater percentage of earned community college credits (P=.03), lower MCAT physical science (P=.009), higher MCAT verbal scores (P=.02), and lower paternal education (P=.003). Our analyses suggest having a greater number of siblings and non‐physician parents may predict primary care career choice. Specific to Family Medicine, academic factors including community college enrollment and MCAT scores may be of predictive value. Though the exact implications behind these findings are unclear, it is important to continually examine such data as medical schools can shape admissions selection criteria targeted at increasing the number of graduates seeking careers in primary care.

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47

Waldrip, Bruce Gordon. "A study of achievement, attitudes, teaching practices and learning environments in secondary school science laboratory classes in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, Curtin University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1320.

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The study combined qualitative methods (observation, interview and case study techniques) and quantitative methods (use of questionnaire and survey instruments) methods to (a) identify and describe current teaching practices in Papua New Guinea (PNG) secondary science laboratory classrooms; (b) investigate the effect of specific teaching practices on academic success on an external science achievement examinaton; and (c) investigate whether an educational productivity model for investigating factors associated with learning is applicable to a developing country context, namely, PNG. Analysis of data from 3,182 Papua New Guinea secondary students, generated revealed similar science laboratory learning environments across most high schools with Open-Endedness having the lowest score. Overall students' attitudes towards science were favourable, with boys having a more favourable attitudes than girls. Multivariate analyses showed that science academic achievement, science practical achievement and attitudes were related to quality and quantity of instruction, the science laboratory learning environment and gender. As in similar studies in other countries, male students performed significantly better than female students in external science achievement examinations. But female students achieved significantly better on a practical science process test. Finally, the study identified some specific aspects of current teaching practices in a developing country context, involving science learning environments and students' attitudes towards science.

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Waldrip, Bruce Gordon. "A study of achievement, attitudes, teaching practices and learning environments in secondary school science laboratory classes in Papua New Guinea." Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 1994. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14799.

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Анотація:

The study combined qualitative methods (observation, interview and case study techniques) and quantitative methods (use of questionnaire and survey instruments) methods to (a) identify and describe current teaching practices in Papua New Guinea (PNG) secondary science laboratory classrooms; (b) investigate the effect of specific teaching practices on academic success on an external science achievement examinaton; and (c) investigate whether an educational productivity model for investigating factors associated with learning is applicable to a developing country context, namely, PNG. Analysis of data from 3,182 Papua New Guinea secondary students, generated revealed similar science laboratory learning environments across most high schools with Open-Endedness having the lowest score. Overall students' attitudes towards science were favourable, with boys having a more favourable attitudes than girls. Multivariate analyses showed that science academic achievement, science practical achievement and attitudes were related to quality and quantity of instruction, the science laboratory learning environment and gender. As in similar studies in other countries, male students performed significantly better than female students in external science achievement examinations. But female students achieved significantly better on a practical science process test. Finally, the study identified some specific aspects of current teaching practices in a developing country context, involving science learning environments and students' attitudes towards science.

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49

Johnson, Brian. "The assessment of a new community dietetic approach for changing the eating habits of young adolescents living in less affluent areas of Liverpool." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2001. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5635/.

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Liverpool has some of the highest rates of preventable disease in the UK. Obesity levels in young people are increasing and diet and decreased activity levels are implicated in its progression. The eating habits of young people are far from ideal and there is a need to develop initiatives that can bring about positive changes in lifestyle. The aims of this research were firstly, to assess the eating habits, factors affecting food choice and the motivations for change in young people, and using the data collected, to design and pilot a questionnaire to facilitate the development of a nutrition intervention. Studies assessed the validity and reliability of a self-administered Food Intake Questionnaire (FIQ). Results suggested that the FIQ had face validity and reliability, being able to detect a change in eating habits of ± 10% in a sample of 100 children over a three-month period. A validity study showed that the FIQ had criterion validity for sugary (r = .34) and fatty foods (r = .21) intake, when compared to a three-day diary and interview method. Six hundred and ninety seven schoolchildren aged 11-13 years completed the FIQ and children with 'good' and 'poor' diets were selected to take part in separate focus group interviews. The focus group data described a food culture in which young people classified their foods as 'Junk" and "parental" foods as "proper" food. Definitions of dieting were elaborate, and including various strategies such as "cutting down" and "going on a health week". The data also suggested that health was a poor motivator of change and that school nutrition interventions based on physical activity and "well being" factors would be more effective in facilitating change than a medical, disease oriented approach. A combined questionnaire was designed to evaluate factors affecting intake (as identified by the focus groups). It was piloted in a separate school. The results showed the most frequently reported foods included sweets, crisps, fizzy drinks and chocolate. Discriminant analysis of the BCQ identified five factors able to separate diet groups at the extremes of the distribution (good and poor diets). These included: perception of health, influence of peers, and school activities. In conclusion, two tools have been developed to enable the eating habits of children, and the influences upon them, to be evaluated. In addition using these tools to gain an understanding of the cultural influences that affect eating habits enabled a nutrition intervention more relevant to the cultural imperatives of adolescents to be planned.

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Altorfer-Ong, Alicia N. "Old comrades and new brothers : a historical re-examination of the Sino-Zanzibari and Sino-Tanzanian bilateral relationships in the 1960s." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/811/.

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This thesis makes a contribution to the study of Sino-African relations by analysing the bilateral relationship between the People’s Republic of China and the United Republic of Tanzania during its formative period in the 1960s. Tanzania was the largest recipient of Chinese aid during this period, which also marked the height of European decolonisation in Africa. As a work of international history, the thesis combines the analysis of the relevant secondary literature with extensive research using archival sources in Tanzania, China, the United Kingdom (UK) and United States (US), as well as oral history interviews. It links Tanzanian political developments with China’s African policy in the 1960s. The Sino-Tanzanian relationship was complex and multi-faceted; it was affected by external as well as local African factors. Indeed, as the thesis shows, its development owed much to African political actors and especially to President Julius Nyerere’s gradual consolidation of power and Tanzania’s relative political stability. The study begins by tracing the contact between Chinese officials and the Zanzibari and Tanganyikan nationalists in the late 1950s, which set the stage for the strong bilateral relations that emerged after independence. Chinese military assistance to Tanzania and Chairman Mao Zedong’s offer to construct the Tanzania-Zambia rail link buttressed these ties at the highest levels of government. This was further complemented by the nature of the Chinese aid programme, which contrasted starkly with Western aid. The resilience of the bilateral relationship was demonstrated most clearly by its continued resilience in the face of the destabilising effects of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution that were manifested in Tanzania from 1966 to 1968. Publicly, the Tanzanian government remained a stalwart supporter of the Chinese government, as shown by the Tanzanian delegation’s support for the “restoration” the government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) to the China seat at the United Nations.

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