Дисертації з теми "Neutral-Point-Clamped (NPC)"
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Sprenger, Michael. "Untersuchung des Dreipunkt – Neutral Point Clamped – Stromrichters mit Spannungszwischenkreis (3L-NPC-VSC) für Niederspannungswindkraftanwendungen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-172806.
Ustuntepe, Bulent. "A Novel Two-parameter Modulation And Neutral Point Potential Control Method For The Three-level Neutral Point Clamped Inverter." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606928/index.pdf.
Sprenger, Michael [Verfasser]. "Untersuchung des Dreipunkt - Neutral Point Clamped - Stromrichters mit Spannungszwischenkreis (3L-NPC-VSC) für Niederspannungswindkraftanwendungen / Michael Sprenger." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075409365/34.
Jiao, Yang. "High Power High Frequency 3-level NPC Power Conversion System." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56653.
Ph. D.
Mese, Huseyin. "Field Oriented Control Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Using Three-level Neutral-point-clamped Inverter." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614407/index.pdf.
Sprenger, Michael [Verfasser], Steffen [Akademischer Betreuer] Bernet, and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Braun. "Untersuchung des Dreipunkt – Neutral Point Clamped – Stromrichters mit Spannungszwischenkreis (3L-NPC-VSC) für Niederspannungswindkraftanwendungen / Michael Sprenger. Gutachter: Steffen Bernet ; Michael Braun." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://d-nb.info/107435012X/34.
Silva, Tiago Lemes da. "Estudo do inversor monofásico NPC T-Type de cinco níveis para processamento de energia solar fotovoltaica." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2014. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2080.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The main subject of this work is the study of a 5 levels T-Type NPC inverter topology, which is applied in photovoltaic energy processing for power generation. The grid power injection is done controlling converter current, which is injected into grid. This work presents equations, component-designs and their validation, which are necessary for the Inverter s power structure implementation. Also inverter modeling and design of implemented controllers are described. Through this study, it was possible to build a 3 kW prototype, which besides the current control, has a system to balance the differential voltage of bus capacitors. Through the prototype, experimental results were acquired.
O objeto de estudo deste trabalho é a topologia inversora NPC T-Type 5 níveis, aplicada no processamento da energia fotovoltaica, sendo o principal objetivo a geração de energia elétrica por meio do controle da corrente aplicada à rede. Este trabalho apresenta o equacionamento, projeto dos componentes e sua validação, que fazem parte da estrutura de potência do inversor, bem como a sua modelagem e projeto dos controladores implementados. Por intermédio deste estudo foi possível construir um protótipo com potência nominal de 3 kW, que além do controle da corrente, apresenta uma malha de equilíbrio da tensão diferencial do barramento. Mediante construção desse protótipo, foram extraídos os resultados experimentais.
Ahmadi, Sajjad. "Contribution à l'étude de la tolérance de pannes de convertisseurs multiniveaux en pont en H." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0026.
Ensuring service continuity in safety-critical applications is indispensable. In some of these applications, the multilevel inverters play a vital role. Hence, employing a multilevel converter with fault tolerant feature is of great importance. In this regard, a fault tolerant five-level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) inverter is proposed in this research work. The proposed fault diagnosis algorithm is based on failure mode analysis, which is a logic based approach. The realization of this strategy does not require any component modeling and complicated calculations. Although switches are more fragile than clamping diodes, clamping diodes are also subjected to breakdown. Hence, identification of a defective clamping diode is also studied in this research work. Moreover, for fault detection procedure, a voltage quantifier is proposed to avoid any misdiagnosis arising from measurement errors and voltage drop in the circuit. Following to the fault diagnosis, the proposed fault tolerant strategy aims to restore the rated voltage and current at the inverter terminal in the presence of an open-circuit fault in a switch or in a clamping or anti-parallel diode. Compared with healthy operation, harmonic content of the terminal voltage and current is not increased. The proposed fault tolerant structure does not include any contactor or bidirectional switch, which allows fast triggering of fault tolerant operation. The simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. A fault is detected in 20 µs and localized between 20 and 60 µs after occurrence, depending on the faulty semiconductor (switch or clamping diode)
Krug, Dietmar. "Vergleichende Untersuchungen von Mehrpunkt-Schaltungstopologien mit zentralem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis für Mittelspannungsanwendungen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-216245.
The thesis deals with a detailed comparison of voltage source converter topologies with a central dc-link energy storage device for medium voltage applications. The Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped Voltage Source Converter (3L-NPC VSC) is compared with multilevel Flying Capacitor (FLC) and Stacked Multicell (SMC) Voltage Source Converters (VSC) for output voltages of 2.3 kV, 4.16 kV and 6.6 kV by using state-of-the-art 6.5 kV, 3.3 kV, 4.5 kV and 1.7kV IGBTs. The fundamental functionality of the investigated converter topologies as well as the design of the power semiconductors and of the energy storage devices (Flying Capacitors and Dc-Link capacitors) is described. The installed switch power, converter losses, the semiconductor loss distribution, modulation strategies and the harmonic spectra are compared in detail
Ngo, Van Quang Binh. "Algorithmes de conception de lois de commande prédictives pour les systèmes de production d’énergie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC031/document.
This thesis aims to elaborate new control strategies based on Model Predictive control for wind energy generation system. We addressed the topology of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind generation systems which is suitable for generation platform power in the range in 1.5-6 MW. Furthermore, from the technological point of view, the three-level neutral-point clamped (3L-NPC) inverter configuration is considered a good solution for high power due to its advantages: capability to reduce the harmonic distortion of the output voltage and current, and increase the capacity of the converter thanks to a decreased voltage applied to each power semiconductor.In this thesis, we presented a detailed description of finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) with two step horizon for two control schemes: grid and DFIG connected 3L-NPC inverter. The principle of the proposed control scheme is to use system model to predict the behaviour of the system for every switching states of the inverter. Then, the optimal switching state that minimizes an appropriate predefined cost function is selected and applied directly to the inverter.The study of issues such as delay compensation, computational burden and selection of weighting factor are also addressed in this thesis. In addition, the stability problem of FCS-MPC is solved by considering the control Lyapunov function in the design procedure. The latter study is focused on the compensation of dead-time effect of power converter
Sprenger, Michael. "Untersuchung des Dreipunkt – Neutral Point Clamped – Stromrichters mit Spannungszwischenkreis (3L-NPC-VSC) für Niederspannungswindkraftanwendungen." Doctoral thesis, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28801.
Yazdani, Amirnaser. "Modelling and control of the three-level neutral point diode clamped (NPC) converter for high-power applications." 2005. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=370931&T=F.
ZHENG, YU-XIANG, and 鄭宇翔. "Three-level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) Rectifier Using DC-Bus Voltage Ripple Analysis under Unbalanced Grid Source." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7933z5.
國立臺灣科技大學
電機工程系
107
This thesis proposes a control strategy for a three-level diode clamped ac/dc converter to achieve balanced line current under unbalanced ac source. Consequently, through the control scheme proposed, in this paper, it can not only balance input current but also reduce dc output voltage ripple when three-phase neutral-point clamped rectifier works on input voltage unbalance condition. The proposed strategy is based on the ripple characteristics in the dc filter capacitors deployed in the dc output. The ac ripples contained in the dc voltages of the filter capacitors are highly affected by the balanced condition of the ac source. Under ideally ac source, only sixth harmonics will exixt, while second and third harmonics will emerge under unbalanced ac source. The latter two harmonics will change the ripple waveforms dramatically and then makes power quality deterioration. These multi-harmonic ripple waveforms can be used to compensate the unbalanced line current caused by unbalanced ac source, and no need to use coordinate transformation, positive and negative phase sequence disconnecting method, direct power control that calculations and analysis can control the current imbalance. The converter dc output voltage is regulated by the coltroller with unity power factor. The ripple waveforms are trsansfered to pulse type, form which the pulse wides are used to estimate the unbalanced condition of the ac sourcecontrol system and then control scheme is planned to control device to generate the compensated comment of line cueernt, at last, through current control loop control three-phase input current, using pulse width modulation generate switch signal, so it can improve and modulate input ac current unbalance factor. The control scheme of this thesis using Matlab/Simulink simulation system to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. Moreover, the a 750VDC/2kW, PF 0.99 three-phase NPC rectifier prototype based on digital signal processor TMS320F28069 also is established to demonstrate the vadility of the proposed system. Both simulation and experimental results show the correctness and practicality of proposed control scheme.
Wilson, Veas Alan Hjalmar. "Investigation of Multi-Level Neutral Point Clamped Voltage Source Converters using Isolated Gate Bipolar Transistor Modules." 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33846.
Unter den Multilevel-Spannungsumrichtern für Mittelspannungs- und Hochleistungsanwendungen ist die am häufigsten verwendete Leistungstopologie der NPC-VSC, wegen seinen Merkmalen wie die Gleichstrom-Bus fähigkeit mit mittlerem Punkt, das Fehlen von Schaltern in Reihenschaltung, eine geringe Anzahl von Bauteilen und eine einfache Steuerung. Die Verwendung von Bipolartransistor Modulen mit isolierter Gate-Elektrode als Leistungsschalter bietet weitere Vorteile wie kostengünstige Gatetreiber und Überlebensfähigkeit nach einem Kurzschluss. Die IGBT-Module haben jedoch aufgrund der durch Lastzyklen erzeugten thermischen Belastung eine verkürzte Lebensdauer. Trotz der Vorteile des 3L-NPC-VSC ist der Hauptnachteil die ungleichmäßige Verteilung der Leistungsverluste zwischen den Leistungsgeräten. Um dieses Problem zu beheben und andere Eigenschaften zu verbessern, wurden fortgeschrittenere ML-Konverter entwickelt. Das 3L-ANPC-VSC ermöglicht dank seiner zusätzlichen IGBTs eine verbesserte Verlustleistungsverteilung, wodurch die Anzahl der möglichen Null-Zustände erhöht wird, es ist jedoch ein Verlustausgleichsschema erforderlich, um den richtigen redundanten Null-Zustand, und benötigt auszuwählende komplexere Kommutierungssequenz zwischen Zuständen. Das 3L-NPP-VSC verbessert die Verlustleistungsverteilung durch die Verwendung von in Reihe geschalteten Schaltern zwischen der Ausgangsklemme und den positiven und negativen Zwischenkreisklemmen. Andere fortgeschrittene Leistungstopologien mit einer höheren Anzahl von Stufen umfassen den 5L-ANPC-VSC, der pro Phase einen fliegenden Kondensator zur Erzeugung der zusätzlichen Stufen aufweist; und den 5L-SMC, der pro Phase zwei fliegende Kondensatoren benötigt. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Leistung der oben genannten NPC-VSC, einschließlich der mit fliegenden Kondensatoren, hinsichtlich der Verlustleistungsverteilung und der Sperrschichttemperatur der am stärksten beanspruchten Geräte zu bewerten. Diese definieren zusammen mit der Nennausgangsspannung die maximale Leistung, die der Umrichter liefern kann. Ein zweites Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Beschreibung der Kommutierungen eines MV 3L-ANPC-VSC- Prototyps mit IGBT-Modulen einschließlich aller Zwischenschaltzustände, um die gewünschten Kommutierungen zu erzeugen.:Figures and Tables V Glossary XIII 1. Introduction 1 2. State of the art of medium voltage source converters and power semiconductors 5 2.1. Overview of medium voltage source converters 5 2.1.1. Multilevel Voltage Source Converter topologies 6 2.1.2. Application oriented basic characteristic of IGCTs and IGBTs 10 2.1.3. Market overview of ML-VSCs 11 2.2. IGBT modules for MV applications 12 2.2.1. Structure and Function 12 2.2.2. Electrical characteristics of the IGBT modules 15 2.2.3. Power losses and junction temperatures estimation 17 2.2.4. Packaging 19 2.2.5. Reliability and Life cycle of IGBT modules 21 2.2.6. Market Overview 23 2.3. Summary of Chapter 2 23 3. Structure, function and characteristics of NPC-based VSCs 25 3.1. The 3L-NPC-VSC 25 3.1.1. Power Topology 25 3.1.2. Switching states, current paths and blocking voltage distribution 26 3.1.3. Modulation of three-level inverters 28 3.1.4. Power loss distribution 32 3.1.5. “Short” and “long” commutation paths 33 3.2. The 3L-NPP-VSC 34 3.2.1. Power Topology 34 3.2.2. Switching states, current paths and blocking voltage distribution 35 3.2.3. Power Loss distribution 36 3.3. The 3L-ANPC-VSC 37 3.3.1. Power Topology 37 3.3.2. Switching states, current paths and blocking voltage distribution 38 3.3.3. Commutations and power loss distribution 39 3.3.4. Loss balancing schemes 57 3.4. The 5L-ANPC-VSC 60 3.4.1. Power Topology 60 3.4.2. Switching states, current paths and blocking voltage distribution 61 3.4.3. Commutation sequences 62 3.4.4. Power Loss distribution 70 3.4.5. Modulation and balancing strategies of capacitor voltages 70 3.5. The 5L-SMC 74 3.5.1. Power Topology 74 3.5.2. Switching states, current paths and blocking voltage distribution 75 3.5.3. Commutations and power loss distribution 78 3.5.4. Modulation and balancing strategies of capacitor voltages 80 3.6. Summary of Chapter 3 81 4. Comparative evaluation and performance of NPC-based converters 83 4.1. Motivation and goal of the comparisons 83 4.2. Basis of the comparison 83 4.2.1. Simulation scheme 85 4.2.2. Losses and thermal models for (4.5 kV, 1.2 kA) IGBT modules 86 4.2.3. Operating points, modulation, controllers and general parameters 88 4.2.4. Life cycle estimation 94 4.3. Simulation results of the 3.3 kV 3L-VSCs 97 4.3.1. Loss distribution and temperature at equal phase current 97 4.3.2. Maximum phase current 109 4.3.3. Life cycle 111 4.4. Simulation results of the 6.6 kV 5L and 3L-VSCs 115 4.4.1. Loss distribution and temperature at equal phase current 115 4.4.2. Maximum phase current 120 4.4.3. Life cycle 128 4.5. Summary of Chapter 4 132 5. Experimental investigation of the 3L-ANPC-VSC with IGBT modules 135 5.1. Goal of the work 135 5.2. Description of the 3L-ANPC-VSC test bench 136 5.2.1. Medium voltage stage 136 5.2.2. Gate drivers and digital signal handling 138 5.2.3. Measurement equipment 139 5.3. Double-pulse test and commutation sequences 140 5.3.1. Description of the double-pulse test for the 3L-ANPC-VSC 140 5.3.2. Commutation sequences for the double-pulse test 142 5.4. Commutation measurements 142 5.4.1. Switching and transition times 144 5.4.2. Type I commutations 145 5.4.3. Type I-U commutations 150 5.4.4. Type II commutations 150 5.4.5. Type III commutations 157 5.4.6. Comparison of the commutation times 157 5.4.7. Stray inductances of the “short” and “long” commutations 163 5.5. Summary of Chapter 5 167 6. Conclusions 169 Appendices 173 A. Thermal model of IGBT modules 175 A.1. General “Y” model 175 A.2. “Foster” thermal circuit 177 A.3. “Cauer” thermal circuit 178 A.4. From “Foster” to “Cauer” 179 A.5. Temperature comparison using “Foster” and “Cauer” networks 181 B. The “Rainflow” cycle counting algorithm 183 C. Description of the wind generator example 187 C.1. Simulation models 188 C.1.1. Wind turbine 188 C.1.2. Synchronous generator, grid and choke filter 189 C.1.3. Converters 189 C.2. Controllers 190 C.2.1. MPPT scheme 190 C.2.2. Pitch angle controller 191 C.2.3. Generator side VSC 192 C.2.4. Grid side VSC 193 D. 3D-surfaces of the maximum load currents in NPC-based converters 195 Bibliography 201 Bibliography 201
Lopes, Pedro Manuel Antunes Faria. "Diagnóstico de Avarias e Tolerância a Falhas em Filtros Activos de Potência de 3 e 4 Fios, Baseados na Topologia Multinível NPC." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/99531.
Nos últimos anos, o mundo tem assistido a um grande desenvolvimento tecnológico marcado sobretudo pela proliferação de sistemas informáticos e de accionamentos eléctricos. No entanto, a utilização massiva deste tipo de cargas, ditas não-lineares, acarreta grandes problemas no que toca à qualidade da energia eléctrica, criando uma elevada poluição harmónica. Na tentativa de minimizar estes efeitos nocivos surgiram os filtros activos de potência, tradicionalmente compostos por um conversor de 2 níveis. Porém, devido aos recentes desenvolvimentos nas topologias multinível, estas começaram a integrar os sistemas de filtragem, conferindo-lhes um melhor desempenho. Contudo, uma vez que é usado um maior número de semicondutores, a probabilidade de ocorrência de uma falha de circuito aberto ou de curto-circuito num deles aumenta consideravelmente. Deste modo, surge a necessidade de desenvolver estratégias que permitam identificar estas avarias e actuar imediatamente de forma a que o sistema possa permanecer em funcionamento. No seguimento desta problemática, na presente dissertação irão ser propostos métodos de diagnóstico e de tolerância a falhas para filtros activos de potência paralelos de 3 e 4 fios, baseados num conversor NPC de 3 níveis. A validade das técnicas apresentadas irá ser comprovada através de simulações computacionais e de ensaios experimentais.
In the past few years, the world has witnessed a great technological development, where the computer systems and the electric drives play an important role. However, the massive widespread of this so called non-linear loads brings many problems regarding the electric power quality, creating a high harmonic pollution. In order to mitigate this harmful effect, the active power filters have appeared, traditionally composed by a 2 level converter. Nevertheless, due to recent development of multilevel topologies, they are becoming to integrate these filtering systems, improving their performance. However, since it is needed a greater number of switching devices, the probability of an open circuit or a short-circuit failure in one of them is significantly higher. Thus, it is important to develop strategies to identify these faults and act immediately in order to keep the system operational. Then, in this dissertation will be proposed fault diagnosis and fault tolerance methods for 3 and 4 wire shunt active power filters, based on a 3 level NPC converter. The effectiveness of these techniques will be demonstrated by simulation and experimental results.
De, Sukumar. "Rectifier And Inverter System For Driving Axial Flux BLDC Motors In More Electric Aircraft Application." Thesis, 2011. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2080.
De, Sukumar. "Rectifier And Inverter System For Driving Axial Flux BLDC Motors In More Electric Aircraft Application." Thesis, 2011. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2080.
Krug, Dietmar. "Vergleichende Untersuchungen von Mehrpunkt-Schaltungstopologien mit zentralem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis für Mittelspannungsanwendungen." Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30069.
The thesis deals with a detailed comparison of voltage source converter topologies with a central dc-link energy storage device for medium voltage applications. The Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped Voltage Source Converter (3L-NPC VSC) is compared with multilevel Flying Capacitor (FLC) and Stacked Multicell (SMC) Voltage Source Converters (VSC) for output voltages of 2.3 kV, 4.16 kV and 6.6 kV by using state-of-the-art 6.5 kV, 3.3 kV, 4.5 kV and 1.7kV IGBTs. The fundamental functionality of the investigated converter topologies as well as the design of the power semiconductors and of the energy storage devices (Flying Capacitors and Dc-Link capacitors) is described. The installed switch power, converter losses, the semiconductor loss distribution, modulation strategies and the harmonic spectra are compared in detail.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Liste der Variablen i Liste der Abkürzungen v 1 Einleitung 1 2 Überblick von Mittelspannungsstromrichtertopologien und Leistungshalbleitern 3 2.1 Mittelspannungsumrichtertopologien 3 2.2 Leistungshalbleiter 8 3 Aufbau und Funktion von Mittelspannungsstromrichtertopologien 10 3.1 Neutral Point Clamped Stromrichter (NPC) 10 3.1.1 3-Level Neutral Point Clamped Stromrichter (3L-NPC) 10 3.1.2 Mehrstufige NPC-Umrichter 21 3.2 Flying Capacitor Stromrichter (FLC) 23 3.2.1 3-Level Flying Capacitor Stromrichter (3L-FLC) 23 3.2.2 4-Level Flying Capacitor-Stromrichter (4L-FLC) 33 3.2.3 Mehrstufige Flying Capacitor-Stromrichter (NL-FLC) 39 3.3 Stacked Multicell Stromrichter (SMC) 43 3.3.1 5L-Stacked Multicell Stromrichter (5L-SMC) 43 3.3.2 N-Level Stacked Multicell Umrichter (NL-SMC) 51 4 Modellierung und Auslegung der Stromrichter 59 4.1 Verlustmodell 59 4.1.1 Sperrschichttemperaturen 64 4.2 Auslegung der Leistungshalbleiter 65 4.2.1 Stromauslegung 67 4.2.2 Worst-Case Arbeitspunkte 69 4.3 Auslegung der Zwischenkreiskondensatoren 75 4.3.1 Spannungszwischenkreis 76 4.3.2 Lastseitige Strombelastung und resultierende Spannungswelligkeit im Spannungszwischenkreis 77 4.3.3 Abhängigkeit der Strombelastung und der Spannungswelligkeit im Spannungszwischenkreis vom Frequenzverhältnis mf 95 4.3.4 Netzseitige Zwischenkreiseinspeisung 97 4.3.4.1 Zwischenkreiseinspeisung mit idealisiertem Transformatormodell 98 4.3.4.2 Zwischenkreiseinspeisung mit erweitertem Transformatormodell 101 4.3.5 Simulation des Gesamtsystems 104 4.4 Auslegung der Flying Capacitors 107 4.4.1 Strombelastung der Flying Capacitors 109 4.4.2 Spannungswelligkeit über den Flying Capacitors 113 4.4.3 Abhängigkeit der Spannungswelligkeit der Flying Capacitors vom Frequenzverhältnis mf 124 4.4.4 Auswirkung der Spannungswelligkeit der Flying Capacitors auf die Ausgangsspannungen 126 5 Vergleich der Stromrichtertopologien 129 5.1 Daten für den Stromrichtervergleich 129 5.2 Basis des Vergleiches 132 5.3 Vergleich für einen 2,3 kV Mittelspannungsstromrichter 134 5.3.1 Vergleich bei verschiedenen Schaltfrequenzen 134 5.3.2 Vergleich bei maximaler Trägerfrequenz 142 5.4 Vergleich für einen 4,16 kV Mittelspannungsstromrichter 146 5.4.1 Vergleich bei verschiedenen Schaltfrequenzen 146 5.4.2 Vergleich bei maximaler Trägerfrequenz 153 5.5 Vergleich für einen 6,6 kV Mittelspannungsstromrichter 156 5.5.1 Vergleich bei verschiedenen Schaltfrequenzen 156 5.5.2 Vergleich bei maximaler Trägerfrequenz 162 5.6 Vergleich von 2,3 kV, 4,16 kV und 6,6 kV Mittelspannungsstromrichtern 165 5.6.1 Vergleich bei identischer installierter Schalterleistung SS 165 5.6.2 Vergleich bei einer identischen Ausgangsleistung 167 6 Zusammenfassung und Bewertung 171 Anhang 175 A. Halbleiterverlustmodell 175 Referenzen 177