Книги: "Neuromuscular spindle"

1

A, Boyd Ian, and Gladden M. H. 1940-, eds. The Muscle spindle. New York, N.Y: Stockton Press, 1985.

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2

Kimura, Jun. Electrodiagnosis in diseases of nerve and muscle: Principles and practice. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.

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3

D, Binder Marc, ed. Peripheral and spinal mechanisms in the neural control of movement. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1999.

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4

Characterization of motor pool selectivity of neuromuscular degeneration and identification of molecular correlates of disease resistance in Type I spinal muscular atrophy. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2015.

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5

J, Vinken P., Bruyn G. W, Klawans Harold L, and Jong, J. M. B. V. de., eds. Diseases of the motor system. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1991.

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6

1918-, Höök Olle, and Dimitrijevic Milan R, eds. Advances in neurological rehabilitation and restorative neurology: Proceedings of the Satellite Symposium, Ljubljana, September 8-10, 1985. Stockholm: Distributed by the Almqvist & Wiksell Periodical Co., 1988., 1988.

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7

Dorgan, Stephen Joseph. Mathematical modelling, analysis and control of artificially activated skeletal muscle. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

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8

Electrodiagnosis in diseases of nerve and muscle: Principles and practice. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

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9

Electrodiagnosis in diseases of nerve and muscle: Principles and practice. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Davis, 1989.

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10

1971-, Carr Matt, ed. Not so different: What you really want to ask about having a disability. New York: Roaring Brook Press, 2017.

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11

Jean, Oliver, ed. Functional anatomy of the spine. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2005.

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12

Takao, Kumazawa, Kruger Lawrence, and Mizumura Kazue, eds. The polymodal receptor: A gateway to pathological pain. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996.

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13

Boyd, Ian A., and M. H. Gladden. Muscle Spindle. Palgrave Macmillan, 1985.

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14

Biewener, Andrew A., and Shelia N. Patek, eds. Neuromuscular Control of Movement. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198743156.003.0008.

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The control of movement is essential for animals traversing complex environments and operating across a range of speeds and gaits. We consider how animals process sensory information and initiate motor responses, primarily focusing on simple motor responses that involve local reflex pathways of feedback and control, rather than the more complex, longer-term responses that require the broader integration of higher centers within the nervous system. We explore how local circuits facilitate decentralized coordination of locomotor rhythm and examine the fundamentals of sensory receptors located in the muscles, tendons, joints, and at the animal’s body surface. These sensors monitor the animal’s physical environment and the action of its muscles. The sensory information is then carried back to the animal’s nervous system by afferent neurons, providing feedback that is integrated at the level of the spinal cord of vertebrates and sensory-motor ganglia of invertebrates.

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15

Betz, Randal R., Peter O. Newton, Paul D. Sponseller, Amer Samdani, and Harry L. Shufflebarger. Neuromuscular Spine Deformity: A Harms Study Group Treatment Guide. Thieme Medical Publishers, Incorporated, 2018.

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16

Hilton-Jones, David, and Martin R. Turner, eds. Oxford Textbook of Neuromuscular Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199698073.001.0001.

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Part of the Oxford Textbooks in Clinical Neurology series, the Oxford Textbook of Neuromuscular Disorders covers the scientific basis, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of neuromuscular disorders with a particular focus on the most clinically relevant disorders. The resource is organized into seven sections, starting with the general approach to the patient with neuromuscular disorders and then focusing on specific neuromuscular conditions affecting the peripheral nervous system from its origins at the spinal cord anterior horn on its outward course to their effector muscles and the inbound sensory pathways. Chapters on specific neuromuscular conditions are illustrated with typical case histories and their presenting features, allowing readers to put rarer conditions into their clinical context more easily.

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17

HISER, JOHN. Medi-sim Neuromuscular Disorders Of The Brain And Spinal Cord. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1995.

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18

Binder. Peripheral and Spinal Mechanisms in the Neural Control of Movement. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 1999.

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19

Patil, Arati, and Sophie R. Pestieau. Anesthetic Management of Scoliosis Surgery in Children. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0029.

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Scoliosis is defined as an abnormal curvature of the spine, which, if severe enough, can affect pulmonary or cardiac function and ultimately require surgical repair. There are 3 well-defined types of scoliosis: idiopathic, neuromuscular, and congenital scoliosis. Anesthetic management of children undergoing posterior spinal fusion can be challenging due to patient comorbidities, the need for neuromonitoring, the potential for significant blood loss, and various perioperative complications. In addition, postoperative pain after spinal fusion is known to be severe and often exceeds those reported in other major surgical procedures. To properly care for these patients, it is vital to be knowledgeable about the anesthetic and pain management considerations of patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion.

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20

Cohen, Jeffrey A., Justin J. Mowchun, Victoria H. Lawson, and Nathaniel M. Robbins. A 54-Year-Old Male with Right-Hand Weakness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190491901.003.0002.

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Early in its course, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is mistaken for a number of other neuromuscular problems, including spinal disease, multifocal motor neuropathy, and even carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) when the weakness is distal and focal. In our patient CTS or cervical spine disease was considered. MRI scan of the appropriate spinal level is important to rule out spinal disease. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) and electromyography (EMG) help to exclude other possibilities and point to the diagnosis of ALS. Later in the clinical course, the clinical picture is pathognomonic with upper and lower motor neuron signs. The differential diagnosis of focal weakness is discussed, as is recognition of the more typical ALS clinical syndrome and familial ALS. NCS and EMG findings in ALS are discussed.

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21

Chan, Kevin, Rishi Dihr, and Michael Fox. Spinal Accessory Nerve Injury. Edited by Meghan E. Lark, Nasa Fujihara, and Kevin C. Chung. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190617127.003.0025.

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Spinal accessory nerve (SAN) injuries can be idiopathic or iatrogenic. Providers who understand the essential anatomy of the SAN can direct the history, physical exam, and ancillary studies to localize the lesion, while considering the differential diagnosis. The differential diagnosis includes both traumatic and atraumatic causes, including penetrating or blunt trauma to the neck, fracture malunion, glenohumeral instability, brachial neuritis, progressive neuromuscular disease, and cerebrovascular accident. The chapter discusses the timing of, and indications for, operative exploration, with or without nerve repair, as well as the details of the surgical procedure. The authors provide instructive pearls for initial management, establishing patient expectations, and potential complications.

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22

Kainth, Daraspreet Singh, Karanpal Singh Dhaliwal, and David W. Polly. Spinal Deformity and Scoliosis. Edited by Mehul J. Desai. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199350940.003.0021.

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Spinal deformity can be present in children, adolescents, and adults. Early-onset scoliosis, which affects children less than 10 years of age, can be the result of congenital abnormalities or neuromuscular disease or can be idiopathic. Adolescents most commonly develop scoliosis as the result of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Adult deformity can be the result of progression of conditions present in childhood or adolescence, or from degenerative changes. Many conditions can lead to spine deformity, including congenital causes, trauma, cancer, osteoporosis, postsurgical, and idiopathic causes. Though deformity treatment needs to be tailored to the individual, there are many guiding principles and concepts that apply when treating patients with scoliosis and spinal deformity. This chapter reviews important concepts such the deformity classification systems, deformity parameters, treatment options, and associated risks and benefits.

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23

Changes in spinal excitability preceding a voluntary movement in young and old adults. 1991.

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24

Changes in spinal excitability preceding a voluntary movement in young and old adults. 1992.

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25

Miller, Rosalynn Clara. Neuromuscular restorative therapy: A therapeutic application of functional electrical stimulation in individuals with spinal cord injury. 2005.

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26

Prout, Jeremy, Tanya Jones, and Daniel Martin. Nervous and musculoskeletal systems. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199609956.003.0006.

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This chapter outlines the basic science related to the nervous and musculoskeletal systems which particularly apply to the conduct of anaesthesia. Consciousness, sleep and anaesthetic depth are discussed with the measurement of anaesthetic depth using bispectral index and evoked potentials. Factors which influence cerebral blood flow and intracerebral pressure are detailed, allowing understanding of neuroanaesthesia techniques. Pharmacological and anaesthetic management of seizures is also described. Diseases affecting the autonomic nervous system, testing for these disorders and the implication for anaesthesia are included. Physiological consequences of spinal cord injury with patterns of injury are described. Neuromuscular blocking agents, monitoring of blockade and implications for patients with neuromuscular disease is also explained.

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27

Howard, Dr Robin, Dr Thomasin C. Andrews, Dr Robin Howard, Dr Paul Holmes, Dr Robin Howard, Professor Michael Koutroumanidis, Professor Michael Koutroumanidis, and Dr Robin Howard. Neurological diseases and emergencies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199565979.003.0007.

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Chapter 7 discusses neurological diseases and emergencies, including headache, transient loss of consciousness, states of impaired consciousness, the dementias, gait and disturbances of speech, stroke, neuro-ophthalmology, epilepsies and epileptic states, status epilepticus in adults, infections of the nervous system, demyelinating diseases, neuromuscular disease, movement disorders (disorders of the extrapyramidal system), neuro-oncology, cranial nerve disorders, spinal cord lesions, and toxic and nutritional disease.

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28

Meigh, Abigail E., Ingrid A. Fitz-James Antoine, and Veronica Carullo. Pediatric Spine Surgery. Edited by David E. Traul and Irene P. Osborn. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190850036.003.0016.

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In children, the most common indication for spinal fusion is significant scoliotic curvature, either idiopathic or as a result of neuromuscular disease. Spinal fusion is high-risk surgery, which can be further complicated by comorbid disease. It carries substantial risk for significant fluid shifts, high intraoperative blood loss, physiologic strain secondary to duration and positioning, severe postoperative pain, and potential spinal cord injury. To mitigate risk and optimize outcomes, these patients should be carefully evaluated by the anesthetic team preoperatively and a comprehensive perioperative plan established. To protect the spinal cord and predict poor neurologic outcomes, the majority of these cases employ intraoperative neuromonitoring. The specific anesthetic agents to allow maximal neuromonitoring signals while ensuring adequate anesthetic depth and pain control should also be established collaboratively. These patients experience severe postoperative pain, and a multimodal approach to therapy should be employed to allow for expedited recovery and decreased length of stay.

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29

Bach, John, and Miguel Goncalves. Encyclopedia of Noninvasive Approaches to Managing Ventilatory Pump Failure: For Neuromuscular Disease, Morbid Obesity, Spinal Cord Injury, and Other Neurological Disorders. Chiou, Michael, 2022.

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30

Bach, John, and Miguel Goncalves. Encyclopedia of Noninvasive Approaches to Managing Ventilatory Pump Failure: For Neuromuscular Disease, Morbid Obesity, Spinal Cord Injury, and Other Neurological Disorders. Chiou, Michael, 2022.

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31

Victoria, Oscar Otero, Ingrid Johana Otero Muriel, and Joan Sebastián Otero Muriel. Synapse Therapeutic Learning Theory Stress Cognition Chronic Pain Neuromuscular Rehabilitation: Applied Neuroscience Education Health Sport Everyday Life Brain and Spinal Cord Repotentiation. Independently Published, 2020.

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32

Jolly, Elaine, Andrew Fry, and Afzal Chaudhry, eds. Neurology and neurosurgery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199230457.003.0014.

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Chapter 14 covers the basic science and clinical topics relating to neurology and neurosurgery which trainees are required to learn as part of their basic training and demonstrate in the MRCP. It covers the approach to the neurological Patient, neurological examination, neurological investigations, coma, acquired brain injury, encephalopathies, alcohol and the nervous system, brainstem disorders, common cranial nerve disorders, migraine, other primary headaches, secondary headache, neuro-ophthalmology, vertigo and hearing loss, seizures and epilepsy, intracranial pressure, stroke, central nervous system infections, neuro-oncology, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, other movement disorders, spinal cord disorders (myelopathy), spinal nerve root disorders (radiculopathies), motor neurone disease, peripheral nerve disorders, mitochondrial disease and channelopathies, neuromuscular junction and muscle Disorders, sleep disorders, neurological disorders in pregnancy, the neurology of HIV infection, and functional neurology.

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33

Link, Heather M., and Eva K. Pressman. Approach to Delivery in the Patient with Neurologic Disease. Edited by Emma Ciafaloni, Cheryl Bushnell, and Loralei L. Thornburg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667351.003.0031.

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This chapter focuses on delivery considerations for patients with intracranial masses, spinal cord injuries, CNS vascular abnormalities, and neuromuscular disorders. Special attention is paid to issues regarding pre-delivery planning, optimal timing of delivery, preferred mode of delivery, initial assessment on labor and delivery, and postpartum considerations. For patients with neurologic disorders in pregnancy data regarding optimal mode of delivery is often limited due to the rare nature of some conditions. This chapter highlights the most recent evidence and strongly emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach with close collaboration between anesthesiology, neurology, and neurosurgery to achieve optimal pregnancy outcomes.

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34

Katirji, Bashar. Electromyography in Clinical Practice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190603434.001.0001.

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Clinical Electromyography in Clinical Practice provides case-based learning of clinical Electromyography (EMG) with a main mission of reducing the gap between theory and practice in the field of electrodiagnostic medicine. The book format includes four introductory chapters that acquaint the discipline and scope of the EMG Examination to the beginners. This include chapters on nerve conduction studies, needle EMG, and specialized testing including late responses, repetitive nerve stimulation and single fiber EMG. Discussion on the electrodiagnostic and clinical EMG findings in the numerous neuromuscular disorders including anterior horn cell disorders, peripheral neuropathies, neuromuscular junction disorders and myopathies. The second part of the book includes comprehensive presentations of 27 cases that encompass the most common disorders encountered in the EMG laboratory and are presented in a similar layout. These are subdivided into (1) focal disorders of the lower extremity, (2) focal disorders of the upper extremity, and (3) generalized neuromuscular disorders. The book focuses on problem solving through analysis of the data obtained on nerve conduction studies and needle EMG. This is meant to be a bedside analysis of data, similar to what occurs in the EMG laboratory on a daily basis. The exact values obtained on nerve conduction studies are examined and the details of the findings on needle EMG are studied. A final diagnosis is then made. This is followed by a detailed discussion of the clinical and electrodiagnostic findings of the disorder. Clinical Electromyography in Clinical Practice is an ideal book for physicians interested in learning and mastering the clinical practice of clinical EMG. This includes specialists in the field of neurology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, orthopedics, hand surgery, neurosurgery, spine, rheumatology and pain management.

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35

Kimura, Jun. Electrodiagnosis in Diseases of Nerve and Muscle: Principles and Practice. Oxford University Press, 2001.

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36

Electrodiagnosis in Diseases of Nerve and Muscle: Principles and Practice. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2013.

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37

Kimura, Jun. Electrodiagnosis in Diseases of Nerve and Muscle: Principles and Practice. Oxford University Press, 1999.

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38

Electrodiagnosis in Diseases of Nerve and Muscle: Principles and Practice. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2013.

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39

Electrodiagnosis in Diseases of Nerve and Muscle: Principles and Practice. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2001.

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40

Kimura, Jun. Electrodiagnosis in Diseases of Nerve and Muscle: Principles and Practice. Oxford University Press, USA, 2001.

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41

Rosenfeld, Myrna R., Maarten J. Titulaer, and Josep Dalmau. Overview. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0142.

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The chapter reviews a diversity of neurologic syndromes that are either proven or putatively autoimmune. The disorders affect all levels of the nervous system from neuromuscular junction, autonomic nervous system, spinal cord, brain, to retina. The pathologic substrates underlying the neurologic dysfunction are varied and include vasculitis (Behçets, Susac’s), encephalitis (NMDA receptor encephalitis), channelopathies (myasthenia, LEMS) and even an inflammatory granulomatous disease (neuro-sarcoid). The resulting syndromes cover myriad aspects of clinical neurology and neuropsychiatry. The understanding of and continued identification of autoimmune neurologic disorders is a very active area. With time some of these disorders may be moved to other sections while new disorders will join the autoimmune list. In this chapter we briefly review the emergence of the field of autoimmunity as it relates to the nervous system and make note of some of the open questions that remain.

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42

Bach, John R., and Miguel R. Gonçalves. Compendium of Noninvasive Approaches for Managing Ventilatory Pump Failure: Humane Management of Neuromuscular Diseases, Spinal Cord Injury, Morbid Obesity, Chest Wall Deformity, Critical Care Neuromyopathy, and Other Neurological and Pulmonary Disorders. Book Vine Press, 2022.

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43

Bach, John R., and Miguel R. Gonçalves. Compendium of Noninvasive Approaches for Managing Ventilatory Pump Failure: Humane Management of Neuromuscular Diseases, Spinal Cord Injury, Morbid Obesity, Chest Wall Deformity, Critical Care Neuromyopathy, and Other Neurological and Pulmonary Disorders. Book Vine Press, 2022.

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44

Katirji, Bashar. The Scope of the EMG Examination. Edited by Bashar Katirji. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190603434.003.0001.

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Clinical electromyography (EMG) refers to the diagnostic tool in the electrophysiological evaluation of disorders of peripheral nerve and muscle. This introductory chapter defines the terms of the discipline and its scope. Clinical EMG used in the evaluation of Clinical EMG is utilized by a variety of physicians, including specialists in the field of neurology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, orthopedics, hand surgery, neurosurgery, spine, rheumatology and pain management. The scope of the EMG Examination includes nerve conduction studies and needle EMG. It also includes other specialized testing such as late responses, repetitive nerve stimulation and single fiber EMG. This chapter discusses the referral process to the EMG laboratory and guides the readers to the best practice in the EMG evaluation of patients with neuromuscular disease. Special attention to testing young children and testing patients in the intensive care unit is given. The generation, format and final layout of the EMG report is also advised.

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45

McKenzie, Alistair G. The history of anaesthesia. Edited by Philip M. Hopkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0031.

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Even though ether was prepared in 1540 and nitrous oxide in 1774, it was not until the 1840s that these agents were used to induce anaesthesia to enable painless surgery. Modern inhalation anaesthesia has evolved from the public demonstration of ether anaesthesia by William Morton at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States, on 16 October 1846. In the United Kingdom, from 1847 John Snow applied scientific principles to develop safer anaesthetic practice. Newer and safer agents have replaced ether in most countries. Successful intravenous anaesthesia began with chloral hydrate in 1874; progress was hesitant until the wide acceptance of thiopental from 1934—in turn superseded by propofol from 1985. Regional anaesthesia has evolved from the first use of the local anaesthetic, cocaine, to enable awake eye surgery by Carl Koller in 1884. This progressed to nerve blocks, spinal and epidural anaesthesia with a high degree of sophistication, through provision of better and safer local anaesthetics: lidocaine and bupivacaine. The introduction of neuromuscular blocking agents into anaesthetic practice began with the use of curare by Griffith and Johnson in Montreal in 1942. Muscle relaxation became a component of ‘balanced anaesthesia’—necessitating advances in airway management, including tracheal intubation and safe mechanical ventilation of the lungs. The modern anaesthetic workstation for inhalation anaesthesia has evolved from the early anaesthetic machines over 100 years. Of all the advances in anaesthesia during the past 50 years, developments in monitoring techniques—particularly pulse oximetry and capnography—have probably made the greatest contribution to patient safety. Anaesthetists have embraced enhanced postoperative recovery.

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46

Gibson, Alistair A., and Peter J. D. Andrews. Management of traumatic brain injury. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0343.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide and although young male adults are at particular risk, it affects all ages. TBI often occurs in the presence of significant extracranial injuries and immediate management focuses on the ABCs—airway with cervical spine control, breathing, and circulation. Best outcomes are achieved by management in centres that can offer comprehensive neurological critical care and appropriate management for extracranial injuries. If patients require transfer from an admitting hospital to a specialist centre, the transfer must be carried out by an appropriately skilled and equipped transport team. The focus of specific TBI management is on the avoidance of secondary injury to the brain. The principles of management are to avoid hypotension and hypoxia, control intracranial pressure and maintain cerebral perfusion pressure above 60 mmHg. Management of increased intracranial pressure is generally by a stepwise approach starting with sedation and analgesia, lung protective mechanical ventilation to normocarbia in a 30° head-up position, maintenance of oxygenation, and blood pressure. Additional measures include paralysis with a neuromuscular blocking agent, CSF drainage via an external ventricular drain, osmolar therapy with mannitol or hypertonic saline, and moderate hypothermia. Refractory intracranial hypertension may be treated surgically with decompressive craniectomy or medically with high dose barbiturate sedation. General supportive measures include provision of adequate nutrition preferably by the enteral route, thromboembolism prophylaxis, skin and bowel care, and management of all extracranial injuries.

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47

Oliver, Jean, and Alison Middleditch. Functional Anatomy of the Spine. 2nd ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002.

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48

(Editor), T. Kumazawa, L. Kruger (Editor), and K. Mizumura (Editor), eds. The Polymodal Receptor - A Gateway to Pathological Pain (Progress in Brain Research). Elsevier Science, 1996.

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