Статті в журналах: "Network Structure - Glasses"

1

Fabian, M., E. Svab, M. Milanova, and K. Krezhov. "Network structure of Mo-oxide glasses." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 794 (January 2017): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/794/1/012005.

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2

Hannon, Alex C. "Bonding and structure in network glasses." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 451 (November 2016): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2016.04.035.

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3

Osaka, Akiyoshi, Kazumasa Ariyoshi, and Katsuaki Takahashi. "Network structure of alkali germanosilicate glasses." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 83, no. 3 (July 1986): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(86)90246-2.

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4

Østergaard, Martin B., Mikkel S. Bødker, and Morten M. Smedskjaer. "Structure Dependence of Poisson’s Ratio in Cesium Silicate and Borate Glasses." Materials 13, no. 12 (June 24, 2020): 2837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122837.

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In glass materials, Poisson’s ratio (ν) has been proposed to be correlated with a variety of features, including atomic packing density (Cg), liquid fragility (m), and network connectivity. To further investigate these correlations in oxide glasses, here, we study cesium borate and cesium silicate glasses with varying modifier/former ratio given the difference in network former coordination and because cesium results in relatively high ν compared to the smaller alkali modifiers. Within the binary glass series, we find positive correlations between ν on one hand and m and Cg on the other hand. The network former is found to greatly influence the correlation between ν and the number of bridging oxygens (nBO), with a negative correlation for silicate glasses and positive correlation for borate glasses. An analysis based on topological constraint theory shows that this difference cannot be explained by the effect of superstructural units on the network connectivity in lithium borate glasses. Considering a wider range of oxide glasses from the literature, we find that ν generally decreases with increasing network connectivity, but with notable exceptions for heavy alkali borate glasses and calcium alumino tectosilicate glasses.

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5

Wójcik, N. A., S. Ali, A. Mielewczyk-Gryń, and B. Jonson. "Two-step synthesis of niobium doped Na–Ca–(Mg)–P–Si–O glasses." Journal of Materials Science 56, no. 12 (January 25, 2021): 7613–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-05781-w.

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AbstractNiobium doped biosolubility glasses in the Na–Ca–(Mg)–P–Si–O system were prepared by using an untypical two-step synthesis route. The parent glass was melted in air atmosphere at 1350 °C followed by re-melting the glass in Nb crucible with the addition of metallic Mg/Ca powder in the nitrogen atmosphere. The second melting step was carried out at 1450–1650 °C, using an induction furnace. The topography and structure of the obtained glasses were characterized by confocal microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectroscopic techniques. The chemical compositions were examined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The glasses were found to be of grayish color, X-ray amorphous and having network connectivity between ~ 2.5 and 2.7. The network connectivity of re-melted glasses was lower than the one of the parent glass. The glass structure consists of a highly disrupted silicate network of predominantly Q2 groups as well as isolated orthophosphate tetrahedra. The parent glass contains nanocrystallites consisted of apatitic PO43− groups. The re-melted glasses contain non-apatitic or amorphous calcium phosphates. The obtained glass transition temperatures range from 530 to 568 °C and exhibit higher values for glassed doped with Ca metal. These glasses have improved thermal stability as compared to reference bioglasses. The biosolubility test in phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS) confirms that the glasses have biosolubility properties and HAp formation on the surfaces was observed.

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6

Zekri, Mohamed, Andreas Herrmann, Andreas Erlebach, Kamel Damak, Christian Rüssel, Marek Sierka, and Ramzi Maâlej. "The Structure of Gd3+-Doped Li2O and K2O Containing Aluminosilicate Glasses from Molecular Dynamics Simulations." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 12, 2021): 3265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123265.

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Understanding the atomic structure of glasses is critical for developing new generations of materials with important technical applications. In particular, the local environment of rare-earth ions and their distribution and clustering is of great relevance for applications of rare earth-containing glasses in photonic devices. In this work, the structure of Gd2O3 doped lithium and potassium aluminosilicate glasses is investigated as a function of their network modifier oxide (NMO–Li2O, K2O) to aluminum oxide ratio using molecular dynamics simulations. The applied simulation procedure yields a set of configurations, the so-called inherent structures, of the liquid state slightly above the glass transition temperature. The generation of a large set of inherent structures allows a statistical sampling of the medium-range order of the Gd3+ ions with less computational effort compared to other simulation methods. The resulting medium-range atomic structures of network former and modifier ions are in good agreement with experimental results and simulations of similar glasses. It was found that increasing NMO/Al ratio increases the network modifier coordination number with non-bridging oxygen sites and reduces the overall stability of the network structure. The fraction of non-bridging oxygen sites in the vicinity of Gd3+ ions increases considerably with decreasing field strength and increasing concentration of the network modifier ions. These correlations could be confirmed even if the simulation results of alkaline earth aluminosilicate glasses are added to the analysis. In addition, the structure predictions generally indicate a low driving force for the clustering of Gd3+. Here, network modifier ions of large ionic radii reduce the probability of Gd–O–Gd contacts.

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7

OSAKA, Akiyoshi, Minoru IKEDA, Hitoshi OHBAYASHI, and Katsuaki TAKAHASHI. "Network Structure of Borophosphate Glasses (Part 1)." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 96, no. 1111 (1988): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.96.236.

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8

OSAKA, Akiyoshi, Minoru IKEDA, and Katsuaki TAKAHASHI. "Network Structure of Borophosphate Glasses (Part 2)." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 96, no. 1113 (1988): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.96.521.

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9

OSAKA, Akiyoshi, Minoru IKEDA, Ken'ichi EZAKI, Yoshinari MIURA, and Katsuaki TAKAHASHI. "Network Structure of Borophosphate Glasses (Part 3)." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 97, no. 1123 (1989): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.97.274.

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10

Murakami, Yutaka, Takeshi Usuki, Shinji Kohara, Yuko Amo, and Yasuo Kameda. "Structure modeling for covalently bonded network glasses." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 353, no. 18-21 (June 2007): 2035–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.02.028.

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11

Pal, M. "Structure and physical properties of sodium antimony germanate glasses." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 7 (July 1996): 1831–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0231.

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The structure and physical properties of sodium antimony germanate glasses with compositions 10Na2O − xSb2O3 − (90 − x)GeO2, x = 10−30 mol%, prepared by the melt-quenched route have been studied. It is observed from x-ray diffraction, SEM, density and oxygen molar volume, infrared (IR), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and optical absorption that single phase homogeneous glasses with a random network structure can be obtained in this system. The strength and connectivity of the glass network increase with GeO2 content. The main Ge−O stretching vibration also shifts to higher wavelength side. Two oxidation states of antimony, Sb3+ and Sb5+, are present, while the so-called “germanate anomaly” is absent in these glasses. This study discusses the probable structural reasons behind this type of behavior of these glasses.

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12

Boolchand, P. "Structure Consequences of Rigidity Percolation in Network Glasses." Key Engineering Materials 13-15 (January 1987): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.13-15.131.

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13

Ganguly, Ranadip, Irene Gorman, Philippe Desbois, and Alan J. Lesser. "Structure-property relationships in asymmetric double-network glasses." Polymer 116 (May 2017): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2017.03.060.

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14

Hou, Guangning, Lijie Cao, Chaomin Zhang, Jinan Xia, and Guishun Li. "Improving mechanical strength of La2O3 and ZrO2 co-doped silicate glasses for touch screen." Functional Materials Letters 11, no. 02 (April 2018): 1850026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604718500261.

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La2O3 and ZrO2 co-doped silicate glasses were fabricated using melt-quenching method. The network structure, Vickers hardness and elastic modulus of the glasses were measured to investigate their mechanical properties. Our results indicated that the prepared samples exhibited high strength network structures with excellent mechanical performance. The Vickers hardness exceeded 858[Formula: see text]HV, and the elastic modulus reaches 100[Formula: see text]GPa. They increased approximate 37% and 18.6%, respectively, more than the most hardness and modulus reported for this type of glasses, while their transmittance in visible spectrum range was over 90%.

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15

Hordieiev, Yu S., and A. V. Zaichuk. "Synthesis, structure and properties of PbO–PbF2–B2O3–SiO2 glasses." Chalcogenide Letters 19, no. 12 (December 21, 2022): 891–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2022.1912.891.

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The structure, thermal and some physical properties of lead fluoroborate glasses containing 30 mol% SiO2 have been investigated by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The glasses were prepared by the conventional melt-quenching method. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that the network of these glasses consists mainly of BO3, BO4, SiO4, and PbO4 structural units. The thermal stability of the glass samples determined by differential thermal analysis was found to be about 80°C. Dilatometric measurements showed that the glass transition temperature and dilatometric softening temperature decrease with increasing lead content, whereas the coefficient of thermal expansion increases. The density and molar volume increased with the increase in lead content. The conductivity of the investigated glasses mainly depends on the mobility of F– and Pb2+ ions. The variation in volume resistance upon changing the composition has been correlated with the structural changes in the glass network. The results obtained in this study indicate that the investigated glasses can be potential candidates for advanced technologies as solder and sealing materials.

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16

Zekri, Mohamed, Andreas Erlebach, Andreas Herrmann, Kamel Damak, Christian Rüssel, Marek Sierka, and Ramzi Maâlej. "Structure Prediction of Rare Earth Doped BaO and MgO Containing Aluminosilicate Glasses–the Model Case of Gd2O3." Materials 11, no. 10 (September 20, 2018): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101790.

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The medium-range atomic structure of magnesium and barium aluminosilicate glasses doped with Gd2O3 as a model rare earth oxide is elucidated using molecular dynamics simulations. Our structure models rationalize the strong dependence of the luminescence properties of the glasses on their chemical composition. The simulation procedure used samples’ atomic configurations, the so-called inherent structures, characterizing configurations of the liquid state slightly above the glass transition temperature. This yields medium-range atomic structures of network former and modifier ions in good agreement with structure predictions using standard simulated annealing procedures. However, the generation of a large set of inherent structures allows a statistical sampling of the medium-range order of Gd3+ ions with less computational effort compared to the simulated annealing approach. It is found that the number of Si-bound non-bridging oxygen in the vicinity of Gd3+ considerably increases with growing ionic radius and concentration of network-modifier ions. In addition, structure predictions indicate a low driving force for clustering of Gd3+, yet no precise correlation between the atomic structure and luminescence lifetimes can be conclusively established. However, the structure models provided in this study can serve as a starting point for future quantum mechanical simulations to shed a light on the relation between the atomic structure and optical properties of rare earth doped aluminosilicate glasses.

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17

Herrmann, Andreas, Mohamed Zekri, Ramzi Maalej, and Christian Rüssel. "The Effect of Glass Structure on the Luminescence Spectra of Sm3+-Doped Aluminosilicate Glasses." Materials 16, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020564.

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Peralkaline Sm3+-doped aluminosilicate glasses with different network modifier ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Zn2+) were investigated to clarify the effect of glass composition and glass structure on the optical properties of the doped Sm3+ ions. For this purpose, the Sm3+ luminescence emission spectra were correlated with the molecular structure of the glasses derived by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The different network modifier ions have a clear and systematic effect on the peak area ratio of the Sm3+ emission peaks which correlates with the average rare earth site symmetry in the glasses. The highest site symmetry is found for the calcium aluminosilicate glass. Glasses with network modifier ions of lower and higher ionic radii show a notably lower average site symmetry. The symmetry could be correlated to the rare earth coordination number with oxygen atoms derived by MD simulations. A coordination number of 6 seems to offer the highest average site symmetry. Higher rare earth coordination probabilities with non-bridging oxygen result in an increased splitting of the emission peaks and a notable broadening of the peaks. The zinc containing glass seems to play a special role. The Zn2+ ions notably modify the glass structure and especially the rare earth coordination in comparison to the other network modifier ions in the other investigated glasses. The knowledge on how glass structure affects the optical properties of doped rare earth ions can be used to tailor the rare earth absorption and emission spectra for specific applications.

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18

Fábián, M., Zs Kovács, J. L. Lábár, A. Sulyok, Z. E. Horváth, I. Székács, and V. Kovács Kis. "Network structure and thermal properties of bioactive (SiO2–CaO–Na2O–P2O5) glasses." Journal of Materials Science 55, no. 6 (November 18, 2019): 2303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-04206-z.

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AbstractCa- and P-based bioactive glasses are excellent candidates for design and manufacture of biomaterials. Understanding the structure and physico-chemical–thermal behaviour of bioactive glasses is a fundamental step towards the design of a new generation of biocompatible materials. In this study, the structure of SiO2–CaO–Na2O glasses and its derivatives, obtained by substituting Na2O with P2O5 and prepared by melt–quench technique, was studied with neutron and electron diffraction techniques combined with thermal analysis, high-resolution electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Neutron and electron diffraction data were analysed with reverse Monte Carlo simulation and pair distribution function analysis, respectively. Bioactivity of P2O5 substituted glasses was also investigated and proven in vitro using simulated body fluid. Based on the structural analysis, it was found that Si and P atoms are in well-defined tetrahedral units with a bond distance of 1.60 Å for both Si–O and P–O bonds, although P exhibits a higher average coordination number than Si. With increasing phosphate content, tendentious changes in the glass behaviour were observed. Linear increase in Tg, supported by the changes in the average coordination numbers of Si and P, indicates strengthening of network structure with increasing P content and formation of P–O–Ca atomic linkages, which lead to Ca–P-rich atomic environments in the silicate network. These Ca–P-rich environments trap volatile elements and thus decrease the total weight loss during heating at higher P concentrations. In the case of the highest investigated P2O5 content (5 mol%), nanoscale structural inhomogeneity and the formation of Ca–P-rich clusters were also revealed by electron diffraction and atomic resolution imaging. This type of Ca–(Na)–P clustering has a key role in the behaviour of phosphate-substituted silicate glasses under physiological conditions.

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19

Schmitz, Seray, Ana M. Beltrán, Mark Cresswell, and Aldo R. Boccaccini. "A Structural Comparison of Ordered and Non-Ordered Ion Doped Silicate Bioactive Glasses." Materials 13, no. 4 (February 22, 2020): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040992.

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One of the key benefits of sol-gel-derived glasses is the presence of a mesoporous structure and the resulting increase in surface area. This enhancement in textural properties has a significant effect on the physicochemical properties of the materials. In this context the aim of this study was to investigate how sol-gel synthesis parameters can influence the textural and structural properties of mesoporous silicate glasses. We report the synthesis and characterization of metal ion doped sol-gel derived glasses with different dopants in the presence or absence of a surfactant (Pluronic P123) used as structure-directing templating agent. Characterization was done by several methods. Using a structure directing agent led to larger surface areas and highly ordered mesoporous structures. The chemical structure of the non-ordered glasses was modified to a larger extent than the one of the ordered glasses due to increased incorporation of dopant ions into the glass network. The results will help to further understand how the properties of sol-gel glasses can be controlled by incorporation of metal dopants, in conjunction with control over the textural properties, and will be important to optimize the properties of sol-gel glasses for specific applications, e.g., drug delivery, bone regeneration, wound healing, and antibacterial materials.

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20

da Silva, Antônio Carlos, S. C. Santos, and Sonia Regina Homem de Mello-Castanho. "Transition Metals in Glass Formation." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 1496–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1496.

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The structure of silicate glasses gets its charge stability through SiO2, R2O3, R2+and R+groups arrangement. In these glassy structures, transition metals are usually used as dopants in small amounts. However, in soda-lime glass systems, transition metals can take part in the glassy network in larger quantities as secundary former or modifier, insted R2+groups, if the charge balance conditions are made favorable by R2O3groups additions. This paper studies transition metals (Cr, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ru) soda-lime-borosilicate glass network incorporation. This process was applied for many kinds of toxic metals containing vitrification waste. The glasses were obtaind by melt at temperature of 1300°C, and characterized by FT-IR and XRD techinics. The chemical stability was evaluated by hydrolytic attack test. The glasses showed a high chemistry and environmental stability like the soda-lime glass.Keywords: glass structure, electroplating waste, e-waste, nanowaste.

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21

Borrajo, Jacinto P., Sara Liste, Julia Serra, Pio González, Stefano Chiussi, Betty León, and Mariano Pérez Amor. "Evaluation of the Glass Bioactivity Grade by IR Analysis and the Stevels Parameter." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.465.

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The structure of silica-based glasses consists on a disrupted network of SiO4 tetrahedra where network modifiers generate non-bridging oxygen groups (NBO), that play an important role at the initial steps of the bioactive process. Infrared spectroscopy is a sensitive technique to the presence of NBO groups and glass local structure modifications. The infrared study has been complemented with a theoretical approach using the Y Stevels parameter. Moreover, the in vitro bioactivity of the glasses as a function of Y Stevels paremeter has been studied, which can be a finding of a predictive tool for bioactivity of glasses.

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22

Zhongcai, Wang, Sui Bingkai, Wang Shizhuo, and Liu Hanxing. "Investigation of the network structure of niobium borate glasses." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 80, no. 1-3 (March 1986): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(86)90390-x.

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23

Hordieiev, Yu S., and A. V. Zaichuk. "Influence of R2O3 (R=Al, La, Y) on the structure and properties of strontium borosilicate glasses." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 5 (October 2022): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2022-144-5-38-45.

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The influence of R2O3 (R=Al, La, Y) on the structure, thermal, and some physical properties of strontium borosilicate glasses have been investigated by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that the network of the investigated glasses consists mainly of BO3, BO4, and SiO4 structural units. The influence of R2O3 on the properties of strontium borosilicate glasses depends on the structural role of R3+ ions. The experimental results suggest that Al3+ ions act as intermediate in the investigated composition range, while La3+ and Y3+ ions act as modifiers and depolymerize the glass network. The obtained results showed that the glass transition temperature (610–6600С), dilatometric softening temperature (640–6750С), and molar volume (25.03–29.22 cm3/mol) values of the investigated glasses were increased with equimolar substitution of SrO by R2O3. The thermal expansion coefficient (6.8–9.5 ppm/K) of the investigated glasses was found to decrease with increasing the R2O3 content. The obtained results showed that the density (3.03–3.68 g/cm3) values of the investigated glasses were increased with increasing the Y2O3 and La2O3 content and decreased with increasing the Al2O3 content. The tendency to crystallize is higher in glasses containing La2O3 compared to glasses containing Y2O3 or Al2O3. The results obtained in this study indicate that the investigated glasses can be potential candidates for advanced aerospace and electronic applications as heat-resistant electrical insulating glass- and glass-ceramic-to-metal seals and coatings.

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24

Ciang, H. Y., S. M. Hsu, S. W. Yung, Y. J. Chen, C. H. Lin, C. H. Hsu, J. S. Lin, and J. Lin. "Properties and Structure Investigation of Rare Earth-Doped Zinc Aluminum Silica-Phosphate Glasses." Advanced Materials Research 509 (April 2012): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.509.150.

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This study explores a series of optical, thermal, and structural properties based on zinc-aluminum phosphate glasses that doped with varied rare earth (RE) elements Yb2O3 and P2O5 components replaced by SiO2. It was found that for 60P glasses system, 7 mol% Yb2O3 doped has the maximum fluorescence but quenching when Yb2O3 is doped up to 9 mol%. In addition, with increasing the content of Yb2O3 the absorption intensity increased. According to Raman spectra, we found the Yb3+ and Si4+ ions for the impact of network structure of glass, SiO2 added to make the network structure of phosphate glasses at 450-500cm-1 and 600-650cm-1 were formed O-T-O bond and T-O-T bond(T=Si, Al).

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25

Xu, Xiao Dian, Yan Hang Wang, Cheng Kui Zu, and Peng Zhou. "Effect of Structure on Refractive Index for SiO₂-B₂O₃-Ta₂O₅-ZrO₂-Na₂O System Glass." Key Engineering Materials 727 (January 2017): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.727.265.

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The relationship between structure and refractive index for SiO2-B2O3- Ta2O5-ZrO2-Na2O system glasses was investigated via Raman spectrum and V-block technology. The results showed that refractive index of the borosilicate glasses is mainly influenced by network structure such as planar [BO3] triangle, [BO4] tetrahedron and [SiO4] tetrahedron. Refractive index decreases from 1.629 to 1.616 when B2O3 content increases from 15 mol% to 50 mol%. Na2O component has a strong preference to provide non-bridging oxygen (NBO) atoms, which not only promotes the conversion of [BO3] to [BO4] unit but also depolymerizes the network structure. The refractive index has the highest value, =1.6264, when Na2O content reaches to 28 mol%. Both ZrO2 and Ta2O5 can promote structure formation of borosilicate glasses and make higher connection degree. However, the refractive index increasing with Ta2O5 addition is quicker than that with ZrO2 addition.

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26

Renlund, Gary M., Svante Prochazka, and Robert H. Doremus. "Silicon oxycarbide glasses: Part II. Structure and properties." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 12 (December 1991): 2723–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.2723.

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Silicon oxycarbide glass is formed by the pyrolysis of silicone resins and contains only silicon, oxygen, and carbon. The glass remains amorphous in x-ray diffraction to 1400 °C and shows no features in transmission electron micrographs (TEM) after heating to this temperature. After heating at higher temperature (1500–1650 °C) silicon carbide lines develop in x-ray diffraction, and fine crystalline regions of silicon carbide and graphite are found in TEM and electron diffraction. XPS shows that silicon-oxygen bonds in the glass are similar to those in amorphous and crystalline silicates; some silicons are bonded to both oxygen and carbon. Carbon is bonded to either silicon or carbon; there are no carbon-oxygen bonds in the glass. Infrared spectra are consistent with these conclusions and show silicon-oxygen and silicon-carbon vibrations, but none from carbon-oxygen bonds. 29Si-NMR shows evidence for four different bonding groups around silicon. The silicon oxycarbide structure deduced from these results is a random network of silicon-oxygen tetrahedra, with some silicons bonded to one or two carbons substituted for oxygen; these carbons are in turn tetrahedrally bonded to other silicon atoms. There are very small regions of carbon-carbon bonds only, which are not bonded in the network. This “free” carbon colors the glass black. When the glass is heated above 1400 °C this network composite rearranges in tiny regions to graphite and silicon carbide crystals. The density, coefficient of thermal expansion, hardness, elastic modulus, index of refraction, and viscosity of the silicon oxycarbide glasses are all somewhat higher than these properties in vitreous silica, probably because the silicon-carbide bonds in the network of the oxycarbide lead to a tighter, more closely packed structure. The oxycarbide glass is highly stable to temperatures up to 1600 °C and higher, because oxygen and water diffuse slowly in it.

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27

E M Abou Hussein, E. M. Abou Hussein. "Characterization of Some Chemical and Physical Properties of Lithium Borate Glasses Doped With CuO and/or TeO2." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 41, no. 1 (2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000717/jcsp/41.01.2019.

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Glasses used in this study are prepared economically at a relatively low melting temperature (650-750oC). Presence of alkalis such as Na2O works as a flux and enhances the melting process. A Simple comparative study between the effect of doping Cu2+ and/or Te4+ ions in lithium borate glasses before and after gamma irradiation has been discussed. Density, molar volume, optical UV transmittance, optical band gap energies, DC electrical conductivity and chemical durability of the prepared glasses are measured. It is found that doping with Cu2+ ions makes a disruption in the glassy network by increasing the number of non-bridging oxygens (NBO) forming a more open network structure. While doping with the fourfold Te4+ ions enhances the crosslinking of the glassy network giving more rigid structure since the relatively high molecular weights of Te4+ ions allow them to bond strongly with the glassy network. The last two assumptions can elucidate results obtained from the last measurements.

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28

Bih, L., M. Azrour, B. Manoun, M. P. F. Graça, and M. A. Valente. "Raman Spectroscopy, X-Ray, SEM, and DTA Analysis of Alkali-Phosphate Glasses ContainingWO3and Nb2O5." Journal of Spectroscopy 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/123519.

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New phosphate glasses in the quaternary system (50-x) A2O-xWO3-10 Nb2O5-40 P2O5, withx= 0; 30 and A = Li or Na were prepared by the melt quenching method. The effect on the crystallization behaviour of the glass due to the introduction of WO3into the glass composition and, consequently, the diminishing of the molar amount of the alkaline oxide and the decreasing of the molar ratio between network modifiers and network formers (M/F) was studied. The prepared glasses were heat-treated in air, at 550°C, 600°C, and 650°C for 4 hours. The structure, of the obtained samples, was studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy and the morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the replacement of Li2O or Na2O by WO3reduces the number of the crystallised phases. In the lithium-niobiophosphate glasses, the presence of WO3promotes the formation of NbOPO4instead of the LiNbO3phase and reduces the formation of ortho- and pyro-phosphate phases. The thermal treatments affect the arrangements of the network structure of the AW40-glasses.

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29

Gautam, Chandkiram, Avadhesh Kumar Yadav, and Arbind Kumar Singh. "A Review on Infrared Spectroscopy of Borate Glasses with Effects of Different Additives." ISRN Ceramics 2012 (November 14, 2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/428497.

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Borate glasses are the technologically important class of glasses and play a significant role in various applications. Borate glasses contain planar BO3 groups as structural units, rather than tetrahedral SiO4 groups. The oxygen atoms are, as in SiO2, again connected to two network-forming atoms, in case of boron. The radial distribution analysis describes the B2O3 glass structure as consisting of boroxol rings, that is, planar rings containing three boron atoms and three oxygen atoms. The network forming of the B2O3 and the SiO4 is affected with the addition of some metal cation additives Pb, Zn, Cd, and so forth. These additives also work as a network modifier and a nucleating agent for crystallization of glass. Therefore, the optical properties of the borate glasses have been changed significantly.

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30

Yang, L., G. J. Zhou, and C. G. Lin. "Composition-dependent properties and network structure of Ge-Se-Te chalcogenide glasses." Chalcogenide Letters 20, no. 1 (January 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2023.201.1.

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Ge12.5Se87.5-xTex (0≤x≤45) glasses were selected for elucidating the composition-dependent properties and network structure of Te-containing glasses. With increasing Te content (x), Vickers hardness (Hv) and glass transition temperature (Tg) initially increased and then decreased, showing a compositional threshold at x=27.5. It is found that the compositional trend of Hv and Tg is in good accordance with the structural evolution studied by Raman spectra. The results suggest that the introduction of Te leads to the evolution of the network connectivity and average bond strength of Ge12.5Se87.5-xTex glass structure, which imposes an opposite impact on the structural properties (Hv and Tg). This work provides a new insight to the structure-property correlation of Ge-Se-Te, which would facilitate the understanding of the structural role of Te in ChGs.

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31

Palui, A., and A. Ghosh. "Structure-transport correlation of super-ionic mixed network former glasses." Solid State Ionics 343 (December 2019): 115126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2019.115126.

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32

Munemura, Hideyuki, Kazuko Mitome, Masakatsu Misawa, and Kenji Maruyama. "Network structure of M2O–TeO2 (M=Li, Na, Li0.62Na0.38) glasses." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 293-295 (November 2001): 700–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(01)00773-6.

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33

Krishnamurthy, Arun, Tony Nguyen, Mostafa Fayek, Brandi Shabaga, and Scott Kroeker. "Network Structure and Dissolution Properties of Phosphate-Doped Borosilicate Glasses." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, no. 38 (September 1, 2020): 21184–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c06553.

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34

Aboud, Taufik. "AlPO₄-Modified Silicate Glasses as a Fertile Source for Crystallization of Various Technically Favorable Minerals." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.196.

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Reagent grade chemicals were used to explore glass formation ability and allocate the glass forming area for the glass system SiO2-P2O5-Al2O3-MgO-Na2O. FT-IR, DTA, DSC and TMA techniques were employed to characterize the obtained glasses. The multicomponent, mixed network glasses, in which AlPO4 tetrahedral units are being incorporated into the network structure through substitution for pairs of SiO4 tetrahedra, exhibit high durability, low thermal expansivity (at Al2O3/P2O5 ˃1), relatively high softening temperatures (at low P2O5 contents) and an increased thermal stability (poor tendency for crystallization). When heated at high temperatures and / or for long periods of time, and depending on their AlPO4 content, together with the Al2O3/P2O5 ratio, the glasses crystallize through a multistage process involving reconstruction and depolymerization of the glasses network structure. The crystallization behavior of many different glasses was investigated, phases identified and characterized, through XRD, and SEM coupled with EDX and X-ray mapping together with optical microscopy. The powder ceramization route had to be used to achieve the devitrification of the glasses with high thermal stability. Berlinite, corundum, spinel, indialite and cordierite among others were the crystallizing phases when different glasses were heated for various times. Microporous materials made of some of these technically favorable minerals, and characterized by an interesting morphologies were obtained, through acid leaching of some of the glass-ceramics produced. It is believed that the glass system under investigation is a fertile one, the crystallization of some glasses within it, represents another fabrication route for obtaining glass-ceramics with specific crystalline phases, as well as microporous materials made of such phase. In both cases, packages of the most suitable properties are obtainable.

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35

Karell, Radovan, Mária Chromčíková, and Marek Liška. "Structure and Properties of Selected Zirconia Silicate Glasses." Advanced Materials Research 39-40 (April 2008): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.39-40.173.

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Viscosity, density, thermal expansion, glass transition temperature, refractive index, molar refraction, and chemical durability of selected compositional series of Na2O-K2O-ZnO-CaOZrO2- SiO2 glasses containing 1 and 3 mol. % ZrO2 were measured and interpreted according to the network-forming / -modifying activities of particular oxides. The influence of ZrO2 / SiO2, ZnO / CaO, and K2O / Na2O substitution on measured physical and chemical properties was discussed.

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36

Mizuno, Megumi, Masahide Takahashi, and Toshinobu Yoko. "Structure and water durability of tin(II) organosilicophosphate glasses prepared by nonaqueous acid–base reactions." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 1798–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0223.

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Tin(II) organosilicophosphate glasses were prepared by nonaqueous acid–base reactions using orthophosphoric acid, dimethyldichlorosilane, and tin(II)chloride as the starting materials. The structure of the methylsiloxane-phosphate copolymer (methylsilicophosphate) and tin(II) methylsilicophosphate glasses was mainly investigated by the 31P nuclear magnetic resonance technique. A chain structure composed of the –(P–O–Si–O)m– silicophosphate bonds was found as the main structural unit in the methylsilicophosphate prepared by mixing orthophosphoric acid and dimethyldichlorosilane at room temperature. Tin(II) methylsilicophosphate glasses could be prepared by introducing SnCl2 as a cross-linking agent of silicophosphate chains. By increasing the reaction temperature, it was possible to promote the reaction and then to increase the network dimensions of the resultant tin(II) methylsilicophosphate glasses. It was found that the glasses with a high degree of condensation tend to have a better water durability in a humid atmosphere.

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37

Goj, Pawel, Aleksandra Wajda, and Pawel Stoch. "Development of a New Sr-O Parameterization to Describe the Influence of SrO on Iron-Phosphate Glass Structural Properties Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations." Materials 14, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 4326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154326.

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Iron-phosphate glasses, due to their properties, have many potential applications. One of the most promising seems to be nuclear waste immobilization. Radioactive 90Sr isotope is the main short-lived product of fission and, due to its high solubility, it can enter groundwater and pose a threat to the environment. On the other hand, Sr is an important element in hard tissue metabolic processes, and phosphate glasses containing Sr are considered bioactive. This study investigated the effect of SrO addition on a glass structure of nominal 30Fe2O3-70P2O5 chemical composition using classical molecular dynamics simulations. To describe the interaction between Sr-O ion pairs, new interatomic potential parameters of the Buckingham-type were developed and tested for crystalline compounds. The short-range structure of the simulated glasses is presented and is in agreement with previous experimental and theoretical studies. The simulations showed that an increase in SrO content in the glass led to phosphate network depolymerization. Analysis demonstrated that the non-network oxygen did not take part in the phosphate network depolymerization. Furthermore, strontium aggregation in the glass structure was observed to lead to the non-homogeneity of the glass network. It was demonstrated that Sr ions prefer to locate near to Fe(II), which may induce crystallization of strontium phosphates with divalent iron.

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38

Lee, Sungho, Fukue Nagata, Katsuya Kato, Takayoshi Nakano, and Toshihiro Kasuga. "Structures and Dissolution Behaviors of Quaternary CaO-SrO-P2O5-TiO2 Glasses." Materials 14, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 1736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071736.

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Calcium phosphate glasses have a high potential for use as biomaterials because their composition is similar to that of the mineral phase of bone. Phosphate glasses can dissolve completely in aqueous solution and can contain various elements owing to their acidity. Thus, the glass can be a candidate for therapeutic ion carriers. Recently, we focused on the effect of strontium ions for bone formation, which exhibited dual effects of stimulating bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. However, large amounts of strontium ions may induce a cytotoxic effect, and there is a need to control their releasing amount. This work reports fundamental data for designing quaternary CaO-SrO-P2O5-TiO2 glasses with pyro- and meta-phosphate compositions to control strontium ion-releasing behavior. The glasses were prepared by substituting CaO by SrO using the melt-quenching method. The SrO/CaO mixed composition exhibited a mixed cation effect on the glassification degree and ion-releasing behavior, which showed non-linear properties with mixed cation compositions of the glasses. Sr2+ ions have smaller field strength than Ca2+ ions, and the glass network structure may be weakened by the substitution of CaO by SrO. However, glassification degree and chemical durability of pyro- and meta-phosphate glasses increased with substituted all CaO by SrO. This is because titanium groups in the glasses are closely related to their glass network structure by SrO substitution. The P-O-Ti bonds in pyrophosphate glass series and TiO4 tetrahedra in metaphosphate glass series increased with substitution by SrO. The titanium groups in the glasses were crosslink and/or coordinate phosphate groups to improve glassification degree and chemical durability. Sr2+ ion releasing amount of pyrophosphate glasses with >83% SrO substitution was larger than 0.1 mM at day seven, an amount that reported enhanced bone formation by stimulation of osteogenic markers.

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39

Zaiter, Rayan, Mohammad Kassem, Daniele Fontanari, Arnaud Cuisset, Chris J. Benmore, and Eugene Bychkov. "Ionic transport and atomic structure of AgI-HgS-GeS2 glasses." Pure and Applied Chemistry 91, no. 11 (November 26, 2019): 1807–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0103.

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Abstract Quasi-ternary (AgI)x(HgS)0.5−x/2(GeS2)0.5−x/2 glasses, 10−4≤x≤0.6 were studied over a wide composition range covering nearly 4 orders of magnitude in the mobile cation content. The glasses show a remarkable increase of the ionic conductivity by 12 orders of magnitude and exhibit two drastically different ion transport regimes: (i) a power-law critical percolation at x≲0.04, and (ii) a modifier-controlled conductivity, exponentially dependent on x≳0.1. Using Raman spectroscopy and high-energy X-ray diffraction supported by DFT modelling of the Raman spectra we show that the glass network is essentially formed by corner-sharing CS-GeS4/2 tetrahedra. Mercury sulfide in glasses is dimorphic. The majority of Hg species (70% at x<0.2) exist as two-fold coordinated (HgS2/2)n chains. Silver species have mixed (2I+2S) tetrahedral environment forming either edge–sharing ES-Ag2I2S4/2 dimers or corner-sharing (CS-AgI2/2S2/2)n chains. The relationship between the ionic transport and atomic structure of the glasses is discussed.

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40

Montenero, A., R. A. Condrate, and Y. M. Guo. "Structural information concerning the glass network in Bi–Zn–Fe–B–O glasses." Journal of Materials Research 4, no. 3 (June 1989): 473–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1989.0473.

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Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectra were measured for various glasses in the Bi–Zn–Fe–B–O system, and interpreted upon the basis of glass structure. Spectral changes were noted with variations in the composition for these glasses that were related to changes in the atomic arrangement of the boron oxide portion of the glass network. The changes in glass transformation temperature with changes in glass composition were discussed in terms of structural data.

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41

Saito, Noritaka, Daiji Nakata, Sohei Sukenaga, and Kunihiko Nakashima. "Viscosity Measurement of Molten RE-Mg-Si-O-N (RE=Y, Gd, Nd and La) Glasses." Key Engineering Materials 403 (December 2008): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.403.69.

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Viscosities of molten RE-Mg-Si-O-N (RE=Y, Gd, Nd and La) glasses have been measured using rotating bob viscometer with a gas tight furnace at elevated temperature (~1873 K). Moreover, structural characterizations of these quenched vitreous samples have been investigated using solid state 29Si MAS-NMR, which would resolve the relationship between the viscosity of high temperature melts and network structure of RE-Mg-Si-O-N systems. The viscosities of molten RE-Mg-Si-O-N glasses exponentially increased with nitrogen content. 29Si MAS-NMR spectra of RE-Mg-Si-O-N (RE=Y and La) glasses revealed that content of silicon-oxynitride species, like SiO3N, increased with nitrogen content, which indicates that nitrogen clearly modifies the glass network structure. Depending on cationic radius of rare-earth elements, Y was found to be more effective in silicon-oxynitride species formation than La, which are consistent with the results of viscosity measurement of molten RE-Mg-Si-O-N glasses at elevated temperature (~1873 K).

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42

ZHA, CONGJI, ANITA SMITH, AMRITA PRASAD, RONGPING WANG, STEVE MADDEN, and BARRY LUTHER-DAVIES. "PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF Ag-DOPED As2Se3 GLASSES." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 16, no. 01 (March 2007): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863507003524.

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Ag -doped As 2 Se 3 glasses were prepared by the melt-quenching method and the influence of silver doping on the glass structure and optical properties was studied using Raman and UV-Vis-IR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. For Ag concentrations less than 15 at%, introduction of Ag into As 2 Se 3 glasses mainly leads to the formation of Ag-Se covalent bonds, resulting in destruction of the glass network. This manifests itself by a decrease in the glass transition temperature and low frequency shifts in the As-Se Raman band. When the Ag concentration was higher than 25 at%, some Ag atoms exist in the glass matrix as coordinative bonds, resulting in a slight increase in the glass transition temperature and high frequency shifts in the Raman peaks. The relationship between the glass structure and properties is discussed.

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43

Lu, S. M., X. M. Yuan, X. H. Zhang, Y. J. Cui, H. T. Wu, and Y. L. Yue. "Effects of CeO₂ Additions on the Structure and Dielectric Properties of Aluminoborosilicate Glasses." Advanced Materials Research 710 (June 2013): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.710.132.

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Glasses with compositions 15Al2O3-20B2O3-50SiO2-5CaO-(10-x)MgO-xCeO2 (x=0, 1, 2 and 3 mol %) were prepared by conventional melting method. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that the addition of CeO2 converted trigonal boron ([B) to tetrahedral boron ([B). The glass transition temperatures (Tg) were determined using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Tg increased with increasing CeO2 content. Thus, the addition of CeO2 instead of MgO strengthened the glass network. The dielectric constant εr and loss tanδ were measured for these glasses at 105 Hz. The decrease in εr and tanδ could be attributed to the increase in the rigidity of the glass network as the CeO2 content increased.

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44

Mošner, Petr, Tomáš Hostinský, Ladislav Koudelka, Marta Razum, Luka Pavić, Lionel Montagne, and Bertrand Revel. "Structure-Property Correlation in Sodium Borophosphate Glasses Modified with Niobium Oxide." Coatings 12, no. 11 (October 26, 2022): 1626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111626.

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Bulk glasses of the series (100−x)[0.4Na2O-0.2Nb2O5-0.4P2O5]-xB2O3 with x = 0–48 mol% B2O3 were prepared by slow cooling in air. Their glass transition temperature increases within the range of 0–16 mol% B2O3, but further additions of B2O3 result in its decrease. Their structure was investigated by Raman, 11B, and 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy. The relative number of BO4 units decreases with increasing B2O3 content, while the number of BO3 units increases up to 59 % at x = 48. The upfield shift of a broad resonance peak in the 31P MAS NMR spectra is ascribed to an increasing connectedness of the structural network with increasing B2O3 content. Strong Raman band at 916–929 cm−1 shows on the presence of NbO6 octahedra in the structural network of these glasses. With the B2O3 addition, a decrease in DC conductivity is observed, which is attributed to the decrease in the concentration of Na+ ions.

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45

El-Damrawi, G., D. Shosha, A. M. Abdelghany, and M. I. Abdelghany. "Structure and properties of strontium phosphate glasses modified with aluminum oxide applied as glass ionomer cement." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 37, no. 3 (March 6, 2023): 653–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.9.

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ABSTRACT. Studied glasses in the system 50P2O5-(49-x)SrO-1AlF3-xAl2O3 (mol%), 0≤x≤4.5, were prepared via the melt-annealing technique. The prepared samples are transparent amorphous network structures. Glasses are still transparent upon the heat treatment at 540 ºC for 4 hours. 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been applied to determine the structural role of Al2O3. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Vickers hardness (Hv) measurements have been carried out. XRD spectroscopy is used to investigate the glasses' crystalline features. The crystallinity was enhanced via the heat treatment process. Some of investigated strontium phosphate glasses are recommended to be applied in dental applications. KEY WORDS: NMR, Aluminum oxide, GIC, X-ray diffraction, Strontium phosphate Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 653-662. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.9

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46

Abdel‐Kader, A., R. El‐Mallawany, and M. M. ElKholy. "Network structure of tellurite phosphate glasses: Optical absorption and infrared spectra." Journal of Applied Physics 73, no. 1 (January 1993): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354064.

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47

Chatterjee, A., and A. Ghosh. "Correlation between ion transport and network structure of Li2O-P2O5 glasses." Solid State Ionics 314 (January 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2017.11.009.

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48

Kaseman, Derrick C., A. Retsinas, A. G. Kalampounias, G. N. Papatheodorou, and S. Sen. "Q-Speciation and Network Structure Evolution in Invert Calcium Silicate Glasses." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 119, no. 26 (June 18, 2015): 8440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b02469.

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49

Fábián, M., E. Sváb, Gy Mészáros, Zs Révay, Th Proffen, and E. Veress. "Network structure of multi-component sodium borosilicate glasses by neutron diffraction." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 353, no. 18-21 (June 2007): 2084–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.02.030.

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50

VASHISHTA, P. "Molecular dynamics study of the structure and dynamics of network glasses." Solid State Ionics 40-41 (August 1990): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(90)90315-i.

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