Книги з теми "NET WORK OUTPUT"
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1
Jaworski, Barbara, Josef Rebenda, Reinhard Hochmuth, Stephanie Thomas, Michèle Artigue, Inés Gómez-Chacón, Sarah Khellaf, et al. Inquiry in University Mathematics Teaching and Learning. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.m210-9983-2021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The book presents developmental outcomes from an EU Erasmus+ project involving eight partner universities in seven countries in Europe. Its focus is the development of mathematics teaching and learning at university level to enhance the learning of mathematics by university students. Its theoretical focus is inquiry-based teaching and learning. It bases all activity on a three-layer model of inquiry: (1) Inquiry in mathematics and in the learning of mathematics in lecture, tutorial, seminar or workshop, involving students and teachers; (2) Inquiry in mathematics teaching involving teachers exploring and developing their own practices in teaching mathematics; (3) Inquiry as a research process, analysing data from layers (1) and (2) to advance knowledge inthe field. As required by the Erasmus+ programme, it defines Intellectual Outputs (IOs) that will develop in the project. PLATINUM has six IOs: The Inquiry-based developmental model; Inquiry communities in mathematics learning and teaching; Design of mathematics tasks and teaching units; Inquiry-based professional development activity; Modelling as an inquiry process; Evalutation of inquiry activity with students. The project has developed Inquiry Communities, in each of the partner groups, in which mathematicians and educators work together in supportive collegial ways to promote inquiry processes in mathematics learning and teaching. Through involving students in inquiry activities, PLATINUM aims to encourage students` own in-depth engagement with mathematics, so that they develop conceptual understandings which go beyond memorisation and the use of procedures. Indeed the eight partners together have formed an inquiry community, working together to achieve PLATINUM goals within the specific environments of their own institutions and cultures. Together we learn from what we are able to achieve with respect to both common goals and diverse environments, bringing a richness of experience and learning to this important area of education. Inquiry communities enable participants to address the tensions and issues that emerge in developmental processes and to recognise the critical nature of the developmental process. Through engaging in inquiry-based development, partners are enabled and motivated to design activities for their peers, and for newcomers to university teaching of mathematics, to encourage their participation in new forms of teaching, design of teaching, and activities for students. Such professional development design is an important outcome of PLATINUM. One important area of inquiry-based activity is that of “modelling” in mathematics. Partners have worked together across the project to investigate the nature of modelling activities and their use with students. Overall, the project evaluates its activity in these various parts to gain insights to the sucess of inquiry based teaching, learning and development as well as the issues and tensions that are faced in putting into practice its aims and goals.
2
Ferreira, Fernanda, and James Nye. The Modularity of Sentence Processing Reconsidered. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190464783.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Today, the modular view of sentence processing is unpopular, but the arguments against modularity are not as strong as this apparent consensus would suggest. Almost all experimental investigations of modularity have focused on properties pertaining to information encapsulation, and most of those studies have evaluated just one specific modular architecture. A review of these studies of sentence comprehension suggests that the evidence against information encapsulation is really evidence against that one architecture only, and a whole range of other possible modular architectures remain untested. Although psycholinguistic work has largely ignored the modularity claims relating to shallow outputs, new findings from studies to test “good enough” language processing suggest that the output of the language processing module can be characterized as shallow or minimal. Perhaps, then, the modularity hypothesis was prematurely rejected. Evidence for shallow outputs provides intriguing new support for the idea that sentence processing is indeed modular.
3
Pencavel, John H. Diminishing Returns at Work. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190876166.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book concerns working hours - in the past and in the present, in America and in Britain. The focus is on the relationship between working hours and outcome , such as production and health. Proportional increases in working hours are shown to result in smaller proportional increases in production, and the benefits in output of long working hours may not offset the consequences of long hours for the health and quality of life of workers. A distinction is made between nominal hours (those that individuals are observed to be working) and effective hours (those that are effective in producing goods and that are compatible with good health). The meaning of the link between hours and average hourly earnings receives particular attention. Firms are encouraged to experiment with different hours..
4
Seidman, Laurence. Would Stimulus without Debt Work in a Plausible Model? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190462178.003.0013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Laurence Seidman and Kenneth Lewis (2015) studied the impact of stimulus without debt in a plausible macroeconomic model. In this model, stimulus without debt definitely works in a severe recession. The large fiscal stimulus promptly eliminates a large output gap. Because the large fiscal stimulus is financed by a large transfer (not loan) from the Federal Reserve to the Treasury so that the Treasury doesn’t have to borrow to finance it, the large fiscal stimulus doesn’t increase the deficit or debt beyond the increase caused by the recession shock itself. By contrast, without the Fed transfer to the Treasury, the same large fiscal stimulus would cause the deficit and debt to rise significantly more than with the recession shock alone. Moreover, stimulus without debt is not inflationary: the inflation rate never rises above its low target value.
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O'Boyle, Ernest, and Sydney Kroska. Star Performers. Edited by David G. Collings, Kamel Mellahi, and Wayne F. Cascio. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198758273.013.12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Stars are elite performers who either exhibit exceedingly high quantities of output or produce output not easily substituted by good or even very good workers. Although star performers have always existed, relatively recent changes in the workforce and economy may be leading to a substantial increase in not only their production but also their frequency. As a result, both academics and practitioners are progressively recognizing the importance of stars to individuals, teams, organizations, and even entire industries. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the theoretical and empirical work surrounding stars, to distill what is known and unknown, and what is fact and what is myth, and to outline the direction of current and future research.
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Piggott, Glyne, and Lisa deMena Travis, eds. Wordhood and word-internal domains. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778264.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter investigates a view of wordhood where words are analysed as complex heads that contain no phrasal material. Several cases are examined where phonological and semantic information points to the existence of word-internal domains, but these domains are argued not to be indicative of phrases but rather phases that are spelled out separately. The claim is that syntax is a better predictor of cyclic phonological patterns than either Lexical Phonology or Stratal OT. The chapter begins with a syntactic account of an apparent counter-example to the ban on word-internal phrases by positing head adjunction via External Merge. The second section presents a phonological account of mismatches between the structure produced by the phasal spell-out in the syntax and the phonological output. The claim is these structures are created through Phonological Merger, where phonological movement from a higher to a lower phase is triggered by a phonological requirement.
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Venn, Edward, and Philip Stoecker, eds. Thomas Adès Studies. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108761451.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thomas Adès is a dominant force in contemporary music, whose work attracts significant attention and acclaim, and has been performed by many renowned ensembles. This volume – the first to present a range of scholarly essays on every aspect of Adès's music – offers authoritative accounts of Adès's major compositions from a variety of analytical, critical, cultural and historical perspectives. The opening chapters focus on Adès's earlier music, offering close readings of key works. Further essays focus on his engagement with forms and instrumental genres. The final chapters turn to Adès's texted music and highlight how themes introduced in earlier chapters cut across Adès's entire output. Richly illustrated with musical examples and supported by further online material, this book provides a multi-faceted portrait of Adès's work that opens up new ways of thinking about, and engaging with, his music.
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Radde-Gallwitz, Andrew. Gregory of Nyssa's Doctrinal Works. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199668977.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The first monograph on Gregory of Nyssa’s entire corpus of works on the Trinity and the economy of Christ, this book argues that the numerous explicit parallels and links among the works suggest that the corpus is best studied synoptically. Despite differences of theme and intention, Gregory’s Trinitarian works center on the baptismal confession of Matthew 28:19, which Gregory reads as Christ’s own creed, and which, on his reading, presents an account of all divine activity as being accomplished in the Spirit. Gregory argues against both Eunomius and the Pneumatomachians that the Spirit’s act of giving the divine life in baptism should not be deemed inferior to the act of creation; Gregory’s metaphysical and epistemological arguments are subservient to this theme. The book also proposes a developmental reading of Gregory’s works Christ’s saving economy. Rather than assessing Gregory’s Christology by reference to a single systematic model, the book’s second part shows how the governing metaphors and models by which Gregory articulated his position shifted as he responded to various criticisms and addressed the various feasts of the Christian liturgical cycle. An integrated study of the various types of writing in Gregory’s corpus—from public orations proclaimed before imperially sponsored councils to festal homilies to extended treatises—the book offers new insights into the role of a leading bishop in the Theodosian empire and connects important parts of his literary output with the tasks given to him by the councils meeting in Constantinople in the years AD 381–3.
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Bain, Jennifer, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Hildegard of Bingen. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108573832.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This specially commissioned collection of thirteen essays explores the life and works of Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179), monastic founder, leader of a community of nuns, composer, active correspondent, and writer of religious visions, theological treatises, sermons, and scientific and medical texts. Aimed at advanced university students and new Hildegard researchers, the essays provide a broad context for Hildegard's life and monastic setting, and offer comprehensive discussions on each of the main areas of her output. Engagingly written by experts in medieval history, theology, German literature, musicology, and the history of medicine, the essays are grounded in Hildegard's twelfth-century context, and investigate her output within its monastic and liturgical environments, her reputation during and after her life, and the materiality of the transmission of her works, considering aspects of manuscript layout, illumination, and scribal practices at her Rupertsberg monastery.
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Eller, Jonathan R. The Wheel of Fortune. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036293.003.0041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter focuses on Ray Bradbury's continued relationship with his mentors, offering advice to them while affecting the tone and diction of his apprentice years. In early 1952 William F. Nolan published The Ray Bradbury Review, a booklet documenting Bradbury's creative output as projected through the end of the year. The next year Nolan privately printed a supplemental Bradbury Index and also offered a detailed account of Bradbury's major works-in-progress as well as his media work. This chapter first considers Bradbury's mentorship of emerging and young writers such as Nolan, Charles Beaumont, and George Clayton Johnson during the early 1950s, interacting with them and giving them encouragement. It then discusses Bradbury's conscious efforts to repay the blessings he had received from his old friends and mentors a decade earlier, including Edmond Hamilton, Leigh Brackett, Hank Kuttner, and C. L. Moore.
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Rogers, Hannah Star. Art, Science, and the Politics of Knowledge. The MIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/13885.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
How the tools of STS can be used to understand art and science and the practices of these knowledge-making communities. In Art, Science, and the Politics of Knowledge, Hannah Star Rogers suggests that art and science are not as different from each other as we might assume. She shows how the tools of science and technology studies (STS) can be applied to artistic practice, offering new ways of thinking about people and objects that have largely fallen outside the scope of STS research. Arguing that the categories of art and science are labels with specific powers to order social worlds—and that art and science are best understood as networks that produce knowledge—Rogers shows, through a series of cases, the similarities and overlapping practices of these knowledge communities. The cases, which range from nineteenth-century artisans to contemporary bioartists, illustrate how art can provide the basis for a new subdiscipline called art, science, and technology studies (ASTS), offering hybrid tools for investigating art–science collaborations. Rogers's subjects include the work of father and son glassblowers, the Blaschkas, whose glass models, produced in the nineteenth century for use in biological classification, are now displayed as works of art; the physics photographs of documentary photographer Berenice Abbott; and a bioart lab that produces work functioning as both artwork and scientific output. Finally, Rogers, an STS scholar and contemporary art–science curator, draws on her own work to consider the concept of curation as a form of critical analysis.
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Snyder, Jean E. A Singer-Composer Learns His Craft. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039942.003.0014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter examines Harry T. Burleigh's work as a composer during the period 1896–1913. Burleigh's 200-plus vocal and instrumental works brought him national and international renown in the first half of the twentieth century. Burleigh's songs reflected his thorough knowledge of the prevailing forms and musical idioms of the European and American art song, both as a singer and as a composer. All his songs were written for the recital or concert stage, and they often set the same lyrics. Two of Burleigh's compositional output are choral arrangements of spirituals—“Deep River” and “Dig My Grave”—that were written for Kurt Schindler's Schola Cantorum. Also, it was not unusual for Burleigh himself to appear in concert or recital with other song composers. This chapter considers Burleigh's compositions published from 1896 to 1903 and from 1904 to 1913, including art songs, plantation songs, piano sketches, and sacred songs.
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Banerjee, Samiran, ed. The Collected Papers of Leonid Hurwicz. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199313280.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Collected Papers of Leonid Hurwicz showcases the life and work of Leonid Hurwicz, who was a major figure in theoretical economics, econometrics, nonlinear programming, decision theory, microeconomic theory, and mechanism design. Hurwicz made contributions to the understanding of Lagrange-Kuhn-Tucker problems, least-squares analysis, stability of the market mechanism, and integrability of demand in line with the neoclassical consumer theory. In the series of four, it is the first volume featuring Hurwicz’s oeuvre that brings light to the totality of his intellectual output, contributions to economics, and legacies. The collection also aims to make Hurwicz’s work to be easily available for future researchers by bringing writings of renowned writers on new insights to his contributions on decision theory, game theory, and greater minority representation.
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Marsh, Leslie L. Developments under Democracy. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037252.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter discusses the current shape of filmmaking and how women directors have positioned themselves in the new context of film production in which it is increasingly difficult to realize aesthetically and ideologically challenging works. The period starting in the mid-1990s have been termed the Retomada or “rebirth” of filmmaking. However, not everyone has boldly celebrated the increased film output, and some have commented that filmmakers are now more tied to the state than ever before. Indeed, the vast majority of feature length films released from 1995 to the mid-2000s relied on monies collected from fiscal incentive laws, creating what has been referred to as a system of “incentivized patronage.”
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Ruskin, John. Selected Writings. Edited by Dinah Birch. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199539246.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
‘To be taught to write or to speak - but what is the use of speaking, if you have nothing to say? To be taught to think - nay, what is the use of being able to think, if you have nothing to think of? But to be taught to see is to gain word and thought at once, and both true.’ Ruskin was the most powerful and influential critic of the nineteenth century. He wrote about nature, art, architecture, politics, history, myth, and much besides; all his work is characterized by a clarity of vision as unsettling and intense now as it was for his first readers. This new selection draws on the whole range of his astonishingly varied output, from the passionate celebration of J. M. W. Turner’s painting in the first volume of Modern Painters (1843) to Praeterita (1885–9), the elegiac autobiography of his later years. The introduction outlines Ruskin’s life and thought, and shows why he remains such a rewarding writer today.
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Matijas-Mecca, Christian. The Words and Music of Brian Wilson. Praeger, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216038351.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A fascinating study of Brian Wilson's creative career as a composer, producer, performer, and collaborator that addresses all aspects of Brian's five-decade-long music career through his creative methods and processes. The cofounder and central figure of one of America's most successful vocal groups, The Beach Boys, Brian Wilson is a standout artist with an astonishing volume of diverse work spanning over half a century that serves as testament to his creative output and influence on modern music. Today, Wilson stands as a survivor of life challenges stemming from substance abuse and mental illness and enjoys a revitalized career in which he continues to create new works and perform around the world to enthusiastic audiences in sold-out venues. This unique book covers the breadth of Wilson's creative life as composer, producer, performer, and collaborator, not only as a Beach Boy, but also as a solo artist and collaborator with artists such as Jan and Dean, The Honeys, Spring, The Castells, and The Hondells. The book also surveys his less-examined work as a performer of the music of George Gershwin, of the songs from Disney films, and of children's books and movies. Because of its breadth, The Words and Music of Brian Wilson will appeal both to dedicated and casual fans alike of The Beach Boys and of Brian Wilson as well as to scholars in popular music and American studies.
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Gill, Catie. Quakers. Edited by Andrew Hiscock and Helen Wilcox. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199672806.013.28.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Quakers were pamphleteers: their texts were contemporary, purposive works that engaged the readership in prescient matters of religio-political polemic. This chapter traces how the movement kept pace with change through its pamphleteering, and how it sought to develop the public’s understanding of the new faith. In the process, Quakers fashioned themselves as one of the most prolific and effective religious organizations of the seventeenth century, not only for the quantity, but for the range of subjects being addressed in their works. The period covered by this chapter, 1650–1700, saw Quakerism emerge and Quakers defend, and establish their faith despite local and national crises. Quakers wrote of their religion in modes that mirrored these developments, especially when deploying genres that encapsulated their experiences as preachers, prophets, prisoners, and when speaking of the day-to-day existence of the faithful. Hence, this chapter explores how their output grew with the movement.
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Page, Michael R. The Boy Who Would Live Forever, 1988–2013. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039652.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter focuses on Frederik Pohl's literary output during the period 1988–2013, including two novels that would mark a transition in his career: Chernobyl and The Annals of the Heechee. The books that follow Chernobyl and The Annals of the Heechee focus less on the Cold War and more on new, pressing issues facing the contemporary world, such as The Voices of Heaven (1994), Homegoing (1989), Outnumbering the Dead (1990), and Mining the Oort (1992). Another novel, Narabedla Ltd., was a work of lighthearted fun that demonstrated Pohl's love of music. But the work that caps Pohl's career as science fiction's most eminent Swiftian satirist was All the Lives He Led. While completing All the Lives He Led, Pohl began blogging in January 2009 on his Hugo Award–winning website The Way the Future Blogs. In celebration of his ninetieth birthday, his wife Betty prepared a Festschrift anthology, titled Gateways and published by Tor, which included new stories by old friends.
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Dombrowski, Lisa, and Justin Wyatt, eds. ReFocus: The Later Films and Legacy of Robert Altman. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474478854.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Director Robert Altman’s “golden period” of critically acclaimed films coincides directly with the age of New Hollywood, roughly the late 1960s through the late 1970s. Following this period, Altman would continue to work, albeit under much different circumstances than in his first decade directing films. This anthology considers post-1970s Altman as a way to rethink and reconceive his authorship. The goal of the book is not to minimize the impact of Altman’s 1970s work, but to think about how the under-analyzed post-1979 films can be explored alone, together, and in relation to earlier work in an effort to craft a more compelling portrait of Altman’s evolution as an artist. The anthology is composed of both scholarly chapters and original interviews with key Altman collaborators during this later period, allowing for the scholars’ hypotheses, theories, and insights to be in conversation with the collaborators’ remembrances. Throughout the book, three unifying themes emerge: the nature of Altman’s creative process; how the larger industrial framework shaped Altman’s output in this period; and new perspectives on key films. The book suggests that the later period of Altman’s career reveals a more complete picture of his auteurism and his innovations, both aesthetically and in business practice, than his early 1970s “golden era.” In fact, the consistency of the 1970–1975 period should be seen as exceptional, not illustrative of Altman’s key strengths, weaknesses, and areas of growth as an artist. A more nuanced understanding of Altman’s authorship requires assessing the underexplored second half of his career.
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Adams, George. Jack London as Poet. Edited by Jay Williams. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199315178.013.13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Jack London’s failure as a poet, defined by esthetic or marketable criteria, is not an argument for ignoring his poetry. The mere fact of his including his poems in his essays and stories indicates that poetry was an integral aspect of his creativity and hence must be considered in an evaluation of his work as a whole. This essay provides an overview and classificatory system for better understanding his poetic output, especially in relation to the rest of his work. Given the difficulty of demonstrating that London was a poet who also reluctantly wrote prose, it is perhaps more accurate to call him a prose writer who for various reasons wrote poetry. A way to recuperate the view that he had a poetic instinct is to consider him the third kind of poet, in the larger etymological sense of the Greek poietes, “one who makes” or “creates.”
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Palmer, Thomas. Transmission into England. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816652.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter illustrates the extent to which English readers were familiar with French works produced by the reforming writers of Port-Royal and by the controversy over Jansenism which gathered pace after the publication of Jansen’s Augustinus in 1640. It shows that readers from across the spectrum of religious and political opinion in England were aware from an early stage of the principal themes and the major works associated with the controversy, including the output not only of Antoine Arnauld, the intellectual leader of the Port-Royal group, and Pascal, its most celebrated apologist, but also of their spiritual master, the abbé de Saint-Cyran. In surveying these works the chapter also extends the background provided in chapter 1 across some of the wider themes which occupied the Port-Royalists.
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Shea, Nicholas. How Content Explains. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812883.003.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The varitel accounts of content allow us to see how the practice of representational explanation works and why content has an explanatory role to play. They establish the causal-explanatory relevance of semantic properties and are neutral about causal efficacy. Exploitable relations give the accounts an advantage over views based only on outputs. Content does valuable explanatory work in areas beyond psychology, but it need not be explanatorily valuable in every case. The varitel accounts illuminate why there should be a tight connection between content and the circumstances in which a representation develops. The accounts have some epistemological consequences. Representations at the personal level are different in a variety of ways that are relevant to content determination. Naturalizing personal-level content thus becomes a tractable research programme. Most importantly, varitel semantics offers a naturalistic account of the content of representations in the brain and other subpersonal representational systems.
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Stoll Knecht, Anna. Mahler's Seventh Symphony. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491116.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gustav Mahler’s Seventh Symphony stands out as one of the most provocative symphonic statements of the early twentieth century. This book offers a new interpretation of the Seventh based on a detailed study of Mahler’s compositional materials, combined with a close reading of the finished work. The Seventh has often been heard as “existing in the shadow” of the Sixth Symphony or as “too reminiscent” of Richard Wagner’s opera Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg. Focusing on sketches previously considered as “discarded,” this study reveals unexpected connections between the Seventh and both the Sixth and Meistersinger. These connections confirm that Mahler’s compositional project was firmly grounded in a dialogue with works from the past, and that this referential aspect should be taken as an important interpretive key to the work. Providing the first thorough analysis of the sketches and drafts for the Seventh, this book sheds new light on its complex compositional history. Each movement of the symphony is considered from a double perspective, genetic and analytic, showing how sketch studies and analytical approaches can interact with each other. The compositional materials raise the question of Mahler’s reception of Richard Wagner, and thus lead us to rethink issues concerning his own cultural identity. A close reading of the score enlightens these issues by exposing new facets of Mahler’s musical humor. The Seventh moves away from the tragedy of the Sixth toward comedy and shows, in a unique way within Mahler’s output, that humor can be taken as a form of transcendence.
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McAllister, Rita, and Christina Guillaumier, eds. Rethinking Prokofiev. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190670764.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
More than sixty-five years after the composer’s death and almost thirty years since the demise of the Soviet Union, it is high time not only to take a fresh, balanced look at the output of Sergei Prokofiev, but also to probe some of the important but less studied aspects of his music. Many of his works are twentieth-century classics, but some are less familiar; others still, because of the times in which he lived, are controversial, or misunderstood, or simply unexplored. Commissioned from both established experts and younger researchers in the field, Rethinking Prokofiev is a new compendium of essays that examine the background and context of Prokofiev’s music: his relationship to nineteenth-century Russian traditions; to the Silver Age and Symbolist composers and poets; to the culture of Paris in the 1920s and 1930s; and to his later Soviet colleagues and younger contemporaries. It investigates his reception in the West and his return to Russia, and analyzes the effect of his music on contemporary popular culture. His early, experimental piano and vocal works are explored, as well as his piano concertos, his operas, the film scores, the early ballets, and the late symphonies. The main focus of the book is the nature of the music itself. Prokofiev’s work is utterly distinctive, yet it defies easy analysis. By uncovering the contents of his sketchbooks, however, and through an empirical examination of his characteristic harmonies, melodies, cadences, and musical gestures, these chapters reveal much of what makes Prokofiev an idiosyncratic genius, his music intriguing, often dramatic, and almost always beguiling.
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Program Budget of the Pan American Health Organization 2020-2021. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275173589.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This Program Budget 2020-2021 forms a results-based “contract” between the Pan American Sanitary Bureau (PASB or “the Bureau”) and PAHO Member States, with each undertaking to perform the respective actions necessary to achieve the health outcomes and outputs contained herein. The approval, implementation, and reporting of this Program Budget is the main means of accountability for the programmatic work of PASB. The budgetary aspect of the Program Budget forms one of the two main pillars of financial accountability (along with the annual Financial Report of the Director and Report of the External Auditor). With a few notable exceptions, the sum total of PASB’s work for the next two years is represented in this Program Budget.
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Parsons, Laurel, and Brenda Ravenscroft. Hildegard of Bingen, O Ierusalem aurea civitas (ca. 1150–1170). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190237028.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter contextualizes Hildegard of Bingen’s monumental sequence for her monastic community’s patron St. Rupert, O Ierusalem aurea civitas, both within Hildegard’s own output of sequences, and within the sequence repertory at large. Considering her deep sensitivity to the relationship between text and music, including close attention to grammatical structure, word stress, and word and syllable parsing, the essay proposes that Hildegard uses a varied repetition technique, adapting the standard sequence form. Instead of strict repetition, she varies many elements of the melodic surface through expansion or contraction, preserving an audible sense of repetition while responding directly to new text structures. The essay provides a textual and musical analysis of the entire sequence, demonstrating the composer’s large-scale control of musical structure.
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Williams, Keith, ed. Travels in Scottland: Poems for Walter Scott @250. University of Dundee, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001227.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Welcome to the fifth collection by Wyvern Poets, in collaboration with the University of Dundee. 2021 marks the 250th anniversary of the birth of Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832), father of the historical novel and, effectively, of a new kind of mass ‘time travel’. Scott’s prolific output exported an image of his homeland with global appeal, if not always scrupulous authenticity. Stuart Kelly’s 2011 biography, Scott-land, is subtitled The Man Who Invented a Nation, perhaps without too much exaggeration. Scott’s antiquarian vision transformed a turbulent past into a pre-industrial landscape for the Romantic imagination, virtually overwhelming its place of origin or at least melding with it, as he rapidly became one the best-selling authors on earth. John Davidson’s ‘The Salvation of Nature’ (1891), fantasised a future Scotland bought out by an entertainment conglomerate. The World’s Pleasance Company, Ltd. demolishes anything built after 1700, ‘rewilding’ Scotland into a kind of neo-medieval theme park re-staging the past for tourists. Davidson’s story was both satirical exaggeration and backhanded tribute to Scott’s work for bringing history to life in a certain form. Hence this collection considers the many ways in which Scott’s evocative, but also problematic reimagining of his homeland remains relevant to our time and beyond.
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Ganeri, Jonardon. A Theory of Vision. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198757405.003.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Visual encounters set in motion a series of cognitive activities. Orienting responds to a visual stimulus, which gives rise to a primary visual acknowledgement. Orienting precedes all cognitive uptake; it is the ‘instruction’ sent to the visual apparatus to ‘open the door’. One cognitive module then receives the primary visual acknowledgement, a second works to investigate what has been received, and a third further to determine the output of the investigating module. Investigation locates the contours, shape, and boundaries of the object seen (‘It is round and flat’), while determination categorically identifies it (‘It is a coin’). Perceiving does not always give rise to conscious awareness.
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Page, Michael R. Gateways, 1970–1987. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039652.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter focuses on Frederik Pohl's literary output as a science fiction (SF) writer during the period 1970–1987, including Gateway and The Way the Future Was. After stepping down from Galaxy, Pohl went into a funk and did not write. Having turned fifty at the close of 1969, Pohl claims that he was experiencing a midlife crisis. Instead of buckling down and writing fiction, he took time to travel with his family, embarking on trips to London and Paris, Bermuda, and Japan and also to Eastern Europe. At this time his marriage to wife Carol was beginning to show signs of trouble. Moreover, Pohl was getting involved in grassroots politics, working in 1968 on the Eugene McCarthy campaign in New Jersey. His political experiences are articulated in his first book of the 1970s, Practical Politics 1972. Pohl contributed to anthologies about the craft of SF writing as well. This chapter also considers the shift in Pohl's work in 1987 for a variety of reasons, including the conclusion of the Heechee saga.
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Cox Jensen, Oskar, David Kennerley, and Ian Newman, eds. Charles Dibdin and Late Georgian Culture. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812425.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Charles Dibdin (1745–1814) was one of the most popular and influential producers of late Georgian culture. The huge diversity of his work and career defies simple categorization. He was, often at one and the same time, an actor, lyricist, composer, singer-songwriter, comedian, theatre-manager, journalist, and author of novels, historical works, polemical pamphlets, and guides to musical education. Consequently, he is important to many different fields for often quite dissimilar reasons. This means that a sense of his overall accomplishments—never mind the powerful reverberations of his influence—across numerous areas and in different periods may only truly be appreciated from the multiple perspectives that an interdisciplinary collaboration can offer. The chief aim of this volume is to illuminate the breadth and depth of Dibdin’s impact, and in the process offer fresh insights into previously hidden aspects of late Georgian culture. Dibdin’s importance lies in his ability to make visible the connections between various kinds of cultural production; he provides a model for thinking about late Georgian culture as a system of interconnected parts. This book illustrates the variety of Dibdin’s cultural output as characteristic of late-eighteenth-century entertainment, while also addressing the challenge mounted by specialization in the early nineteenth century. What emerges is not the elimination of miscellany, but rather the establishment of new cultural hierarchies in which a specialized elite culture increasingly defined itself against a continuing and vibrant culture of miscellany.
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Brink, David O., Susan Sauvé Meyer, and Christopher Shields, eds. Virtue, Happiness, Knowledge. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817277.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fifteen leading philosophers explore a set of themes from the pioneering work of Gail Fine and Terence Irwin, in ancient philosophy but also in later periods and in systematic philosophy. The contributors discuss knowledge, rhetoric, freedom and practical reason, virtue and the good life, ethics and politics in Plato and Aristotle and beyond. The editors offer an introduction charting the scholarly contributions of Fine and Irwin and assessing their individual and joint impact, together with a complete bibliography of their writings. This volume is a token of our immense gratitude to Gail Fine and Terry Irwin for the benefit we have derived from their penetrating scholarly work. Through their writing, their teaching, their mentoring, and their broader scholarly output, Gail Fine and Terry Irwin have reshaped the character of Ancient Philosophy as an academic discipline. Their contributions to the discipline do not, however, end there. On the contrary, their wide-ranging achievements extend into all periods of the history of philosophy and indeed into several areas more systematic than historical.
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Brocki, Marcin, Małgorzata Maj, and Stanisława Trebunia-Staszel, eds. Anthropology and Ethnology During World War II. The Activity of Sektion Rassen- und Volkstumsforschung Institut für Deutsche Ostarbeit in the Light of New Source Materials. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/k9915.19/19.19.15528.
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After reading this voluminous and, contrary to what the title might suggest, engaging study, I have no doubt that it is a great scientific achievement. Firstly, the authors managed to develop an approach to the otherwise sensitive subject of the IDO heritage that enables a cool, albeit not entirely distanced way of looking at the history of a certain institution, as well as at the entanglement of many people in its activity. The fact that the institution was established in dark times, and, in addition, by Hans Frank, should not a priori put it in the context of regular Nazi propaganda and degenerated science. The authors managed to separate what in the IDO output was based on objective research from what could never be defined as scientific. Secondly, the high level of competence of the papers in this tome makes one confident about the applied methods of presentation and interpretation of the available material, which, moreover, is still subject to further verification. This publication is not yet the final outcome of several years of research and queries, but a stop-over, an important one, on the way to further work, which is signaled throughout the book. So it is an example of work in progress. Prof. dr hab. Wojciech Józef Burszta
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Lee, Jae Myeong, and Michael R. Pinsky. Cardiovascular interactions in respiratory failure. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0087.
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Acute respiratory failure not only impairs gas exchange, but also stresses cardiovascular reserve by increasing the need for increased cardiac output (CO) to sustain O2 delivery in the face of hypoxaemia, increased O2 demand by the increased work of breathing and inefficient gas exchange, and increased right ventricular afterload due to lung collapse via hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Mechanical ventilation, though often reversing these processes by lung recruitment and improved arterial oxygenation, may also decrease CO by increasing right atrial pressure by either increasing intrathoracic pressure or lung over-distention by excess positive end-expiratory pressure or inadequate expiratory time causing acute cor pulmonale. Finally, spontaneous negative swings in intrathoracic pressure also increase venous return and impede left ventricular ejection thus increasing intrathoracic blood volume and often precipitating or worsening hydrostatic pulmonary oedema. Positive-pressure breathing has the opposite effects.
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Celati, Marta. Conspiracy Literature in Early Renaissance Italy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863625.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present work represents the first full-length investigation of Italian Renaissance literature on the topic of conspiracy. This literary output consists of texts belonging to different genres that enjoyed widespread diffusion in the second half of the fifteenth century, when the development of these literary writings proves to be closely connected with the affirmation of a centralized political thought and princely ideology in Italian states. The centrality of the issue of conspiracies in the political and cultural context of the Italian Renaissance emerges clearly also in the sixteenth century in Machiavelli’s work, where the topic is closely interlaced with the problems of building political consensus and the management of power. This monograph focuses on the most significant Quattrocento texts examined as case studies (representative of different states, literary genres, and of both prominent authors—Alberti, Poliziano, Pontano—and minor but important literati) and on Machiavelli’s works where this political theme is particularly pivotal, marking a continuity, but also a turning point, with respect to the preceding authors. Through an interdisciplinary analysis across literature, history, philology and political philosophy, this study traces the evolution of literature on plots in early Renaissance Italy, pointing out the key function of the classical tradition in it, and the recurring narrative approaches, historiographical techniques, and ideological angles that characterize the literary transfiguration of the topic. This investigation also offers a reconsideration and re-definition of the complex facets of fifteenth-century political literature, which played a crucial role in the development of a new theory of statecraft.
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Slusser, George. Fictional Directions. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038228.003.0004.
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This chapter considers how Gregory Benford became a scientist-writer by focusing on the two directions that his subsequent fiction will take. As a writer, Benford came up through the science fiction pathway. The goal from the outset was to write serious fiction about the new world that science offered to mankind, and to present, in fictional works, the role of scientists in shaping and understanding that brave new world. Benford published his first novel in 1970, to be followed by a formative period of intense creative activity from the early 1970s to the early 1980s. This chapter examines how the interweaving of fictional directions in Benford's career as a scientist-writer find their common focus in the defining of a single character type—the scientist, or person of scientific vision, at work doing science. To this end, the chapter analyzes two “bookend” novels: Deeper than the Darkness (1970) and Against Infinity (1983).
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Collins, John, and Tamara Dobler, eds. Reply to Oskari Kuusela. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783916.003.0016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Kuusela’s essay is full of leading ideas, a number, I think, leading in the right direction, some perhaps entirely right (when understood right). But these are leading ideas, waiting, at many points, to be filled in. What I will say here is intended in the main to fill in some background, or framework, which may help in that. But it will be at best propaedeutic only. I should also say at the outset that in what I will say below I may be moving in a somewhat new direction; a direction Kuusela could not know of in reading work available to him (or anyone). So if what I say also diverges at points from what he takes me to hold (or seems to), he should not be held responsible for that....
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Bucher, Taina. Affective Landscapes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190493028.003.0005.
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Given the centrality of algorithms in the media landscape, how do they affect people’s everyday lives? Drawing on 35 interviews with social media users about their encounters with algorithms online, the chapter considers the barely perceived transitions in power that occur when algorithms and people meet. When do people encounter algorithms, and what responses and imaginations do these encounters generate? Analyzing specific situations in which users notice algorithmic mechanisms at work and start reflecting and talking about them, the chapter shows how the algorithmic output of social media becomes culturally meaningful, as seen in the ways that people form opinions about specific systems and act strategically around them. The notion of the algorithmic imaginary is put forward to suggest that it might not always matter what the algorithm is but rather how and when people imagine and perceive algorithms as this is what shapes their orientations toward platforms.
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Mirchandani, Sharon. Culmination. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037313.003.0006.
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This chapter focuses on Marga Richter's compositions during the 1990s. In the 1990s, the compositional world was still fragmented as composers focused on serial and electronic music, performance art, and numerous other styles. Richter continued to created choral music as well as music for opera, which she combined with vocal and orchestral works. Her compositions were fewer in number during this decade, but large in scale for the most part. This chapter first considers Richter's works after the death of her husband Alan Skelly, beginning with the seven-poem cycle, Into My Heart, which she dedicated to him. It then examines Richter's Quantum Quirks of a Quick Quaint Quar, along with two large-scale works from the 1990s that mark the apex of her output to date: the triple concerto, Variations and Interludes on Themes from Monteverdi and Bach for violin, cello, piano, and orchestra (1992); and the chamber opera, Riders to the Sea. It also discusses Sarah do not mourn me dead, which has hints of transcendentalism and love.
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Brink, David O., Susan Sauvé Meyer, and Shields Christopher, eds. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817277.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Through their writing, their teaching, their mentoring, and their broader scholarly output, Gail Fine and Terry Irwin have reshaped the character of ancient philosophy as an academic discipline. Their contributions to the discipline do not, however, end there. On the contrary, their wide-ranging achievements extend into all periods of the history of philosophy and indeed into several areas more systematic than historical. Or perhaps one should say, rather, that their work defies any ready classification as being either historical or systematic, because whatever its primary focus on a given occasion, what they write cannot be pigeonholed as either exclusively scholarly or thematic; for they practice an unremittingly philosophical form of history of philosophy, or, judged from another angle, a historically enriched form of systematic philosophy. That is, as they pursue it, philosophy engages the discipline’s history in a manner animated by its current and perennial concerns, but it does so while remaining fully sensitive to the original context of its production. Their work combines the highest level of scholarly rigor and rich philosophical insight. Animated by a purely philosophical spirit, it is never narrowly antiquarian in orientation. Although alert to matters of text and transmission reflecting painstaking philological care and exceptionally broad scholarly erudition, their work never loses sight of a simple question: should we too believe this?...
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Imlay, Talbot C. The Quest for Disarmament, 1925–1933. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199641048.003.0005.
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This chapter examines the efforts of European socialists to grapple with disarmament, one of the most fraught international issues of the interwar period. From the outset, European socialists supported the quest for disarmament, and during the second half of the 1920s they not only pressured governments to pursue international negotiations but also strove to work out their own proposals. Ultimately, however, socialists failed to work out a practical programme for disarmament, a failure that underscores the near-impossibility of anyone doing so. After all, if such fervent proponents of disarmament as European socialists could not reach a consensus, then who could? The experience of socialists also highlights the complex ways in which the national and international realms interacted. For European socialists, disarmament was maddeningly complex not only because it was inseparable from other issues, most notably security; but also because it raised unresolved questions regarding the meaning of international socialism.
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McAleer, Joseph. Jack London’s International Reputation. Edited by Jay Williams. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199315178.013.6.
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Jack London wasn’t just lucky at what he called the “writing game”—he is, by many accounts, the most popular American author in the world today. His 44 published books and hundreds of short stories and essays have been translated into more than 100 languages and hailed by critics from South America to Asia. His international reputation was forged in his namesake city across the Atlantic Ocean. London, England was the publishing gateway to Europe and the rest of the English-speaking world. By achieving success there, Jack London ensured that his books would be shipped by English publishers, in multiple editions and price points, around the globe. Foreign translations were also arranged, and piracy, though illegal, helped spread London’s works even wider. Given his prolific output, the author became a “brand” as readers looked forward to “the next Jack London book.”
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Snow, Ned. Intellectual Property and Immorality. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197614402.001.0001.
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This book argues that certain intellectual creations should not receive copyright or patent protection because they are harmful to society. It posits that the theories of intellectual property and the Intellectual Property Clause of the U.S. Constitution suggest this conclusion. The book responds to counterarguments: namely, that denying protection might increase the output of objectionable works; that other laws should address the moral problems; and that intellectual property functions better under a laissez-faire approach. After responding to these arguments, the book considers the roles of government actors in denying protection. It argues that courts should exercise their powers of equity to deny relief for works that are connected to unlawful acts of the rights-holder, and that courts should exercise their constitutional powers to deny protection for specific categories of harmful expressions and inventions. Next, the book considers whether Congress has constitutional authority to deny protection for works that it considers to be immoral. In concluding that Congress does have such authority, the book sets forth specific criteria that Congress should apply in exercising its moral discretion. Finally, the book considers whether denying intellectual property protection on moral grounds would violate the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment. It concludes that principles of free speech afford Congress considerable discretion to deny patent protection but only narrow discretion to deny copyright protection. It also concludes that the Free Speech Clause is consistent with judicial denial of protection for the limited categories of works that fall outside the Intellectual Property Clause.
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Steichen, James. 1937–1938 (I). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190607418.003.0009.
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After the collapse of the American Ballet, Balanchine turned his attention to work on Broadway and in Hollywood. In the course of his work as choreographer for the Samuel Goldwyn film The Goldwyn Follies he collaborated with the Gershwin brothers, Vernon Duke, and his future wife and artistic partner Vera Zorina. He subsequently joined the creative team for two additional Rodgers and Hart shows, I Married an Angel and The Boys from Syracuse, and also contributed to the short-lived production Great Lady. These shows allowed him to create opportunities for his new wife Zorina as well as secure work for many of the dancers of the American Ballet. Although prior accounts have discounted the significance of these ventures in Balanchine’s career, he saw them as an important and viable outlet for bringing ballet to American audiences.
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Ortega, Vicente Rodriguez. Homoeroticism Contained. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036613.003.0014.
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This chapter compares John Woo's Hong Kong and Hollywood films in order to scrutinize the differing representations of gender they offer in relation to the different generic configurations at work in each production context. It seeks to identify which aspects of these representations have passed the test of cultural translatability and which have not. It examines how Woo's generation of a series of action and pathos driven films negotiates generically gendered bodies and how these undergo a radical shift within his Hollywood output. It asks what were the perceived assets of Woo's crossover appeal for Western audiences that led Universal to make him the first ever Chinese director in charge of a multimillion dollar motion picture, and what were the seemingly dangerous aspects of his representational templates that had to be “translated” to the social, sexual, and cultural codes of Western popular culture. In particular, the chapter explores the shift from male-to-male narratives and subordinated femininity to the heterosexual romance that dominates most of his American films.
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Brown, Simon. Creepshow. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781911325918.001.0001.
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Released in cinemas in 1982, Creepshow is typically regarded as a minor entry in both the film output of George A. Romero and the history of adaptations of the works of Stephen King. Yet this lack of critical attention hides the fact that Creepshow is the only full collaboration between America's bestselling author of horror tales and one of the masters of modern American horror cinema. Long considered too mainstream for the director of Dawn of the Dead (1978), too comic for the author that gave audiences the film versions of Carrie (1976) and The Shining (1980), and too violent for a cinemagoing public turning away from gore cinema in the autumn of 1982, Creepshow is here reassessed. The book examines the making and release of the film and its legacy through a comic-book adaptation and two sequels. The book's analysis focuses on the key influences on the film, not just Romero and King, but also the anthology horrors of Amicus Productions, body horror cinema, and the special make-up effects of Tom Savini, the relationship between horror and humour, and most notably the tradition of EC horror comics of the 1950s, from which the film draws both its thematic preoccupations and its visual style. Ultimately the book argues that not only is Creepshow a major work in the canons of Romero and King, but also that it represents a significant example of the portmanteau horror film, of the blending of horror and comedy, and finally, decades before the career of Zack Snyder (Watchmen, Man of Steel), of attempting to recreate a comic book aesthetic on the big screen.
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Lasc, Anca I. Interior decorating in nineteenth-century France. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526113382.001.0001.
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This book analyzes the early stages of the interior design profession as articulated within the circles involved in the decoration of the private home in the second half of nineteenth-century France. It argues that the increased presence of the modern, domestic interior in the visual culture of the nineteenth century enabled the profession to take shape. Upholsterers, cabinet-makers, architects, stage designers, department stores, taste advisors, collectors, and illustrators, came together to “sell” the idea of the unified interior as an image and a total work of art. The ideal domestic interior took several media as its outlet, including taste manuals, pattern books, illustrated magazines, art and architectural exhibitions, and department store catalogs. The chapters outline the terms of reception within which the work of each professional group involved in the appearance and design of the nineteenth-century French domestic interior emerged and focus on specific works by members of each group. If Chapter 1 concentrates on collectors and taste advisors, outlining the new definitions of the modern interior they developed, Chapter 2 focuses on the response of upholsterers, architects, and cabinet-makers to the same new conceptions of the ideal private interior. Chapter 3 considers the contribution of the world of entertainment to the field of interior design while Chapter 4 moves into the world of commerce to study how department stores popularized the modern interior with the middle classes. Chapter 5 returns to architects to understand how their engagement with popular journals shaped new interior decorating styles.
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Sobczyk, Eugeniusz Jacek. Uciążliwość eksploatacji złóż węgla kamiennego wynikająca z warunków geologicznych i górniczych. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33223/onermin/0222.
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Hard coal mining is characterised by features that pose numerous challenges to its current operations and cause strategic and operational problems in planning its development. The most important of these include the high capital intensity of mining investment projects and the dynamically changing environment in which the sector operates, while the long-term role of the sector is dependent on factors originating at both national and international level. At the same time, the conditions for coal mining are deteriorating, the resources more readily available in active mines are being exhausted, mining depths are increasing, temperature levels in pits are rising, transport routes for staff and materials are getting longer, effective working time is decreasing, natural hazards are increasing, and seams with an increasing content of waste rock are being mined. The mining industry is currently in a very difficult situation, both in technical (mining) and economic terms. It cannot be ignored, however, that the difficult financial situation of Polish mining companies is largely exacerbated by their high operating costs. The cost of obtaining coal and its price are two key elements that determine the level of efficiency of Polish mines. This situation could be improved by streamlining the planning processes. This would involve striving for production planning that is as predictable as possible and, on the other hand, economically efficient. In this respect, it is helpful to plan the production from operating longwalls with full awareness of the complexity of geological and mining conditions and the resulting economic consequences. The constraints on increasing the efficiency of the mining process are due to the technical potential of the mining process, organisational factors and, above all, geological and mining conditions. The main objective of the monograph is to identify relations between geological and mining parameters and the level of longwall mining costs, and their daily output. In view of the above, it was assumed that it was possible to present the relationship between the costs of longwall mining and the daily coal output from a longwall as a function of onerous geological and mining factors. The monograph presents two models of onerous geological and mining conditions, including natural hazards, deposit (seam) parameters, mining (technical) parameters and environmental factors. The models were used to calculate two onerousness indicators, Wue and WUt, which synthetically define the level of impact of onerous geological and mining conditions on the mining process in relation to: —— operating costs at longwall faces – indicator WUe, —— daily longwall mining output – indicator WUt. In the next research step, the analysis of direct relationships of selected geological and mining factors with longwall costs and the mining output level was conducted. For this purpose, two statistical models were built for the following dependent variables: unit operating cost (Model 1) and daily longwall mining output (Model 2). The models served two additional sub-objectives: interpretation of the influence of independent variables on dependent variables and point forecasting. The models were also used for forecasting purposes. Statistical models were built on the basis of historical production results of selected seven Polish mines. On the basis of variability of geological and mining conditions at 120 longwalls, the influence of individual parameters on longwall mining between 2010 and 2019 was determined. The identified relationships made it possible to formulate numerical forecast of unit production cost and daily longwall mining output in relation to the level of expected onerousness. The projection period was assumed to be 2020–2030. On this basis, an opinion was formulated on the forecast of the expected unit production costs and the output of the 259 longwalls planned to be mined at these mines. A procedure scheme was developed using the following methods: 1) Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) – mathematical multi-criteria decision-making method, 2) comparative multivariate analysis, 3) regression analysis, 4) Monte Carlo simulation. The utilitarian purpose of the monograph is to provide the research community with the concept of building models that can be used to solve real decision-making problems during longwall planning in hard coal mines. The layout of the monograph, consisting of an introduction, eight main sections and a conclusion, follows the objectives set out above. Section One presents the methodology used to assess the impact of onerous geological and mining conditions on the mining process. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is reviewed and basic definitions used in the following part of the paper are introduced. The section includes a description of AHP which was used in the presented analysis. Individual factors resulting from natural hazards, from the geological structure of the deposit (seam), from limitations caused by technical requirements, from the impact of mining on the environment, which affect the mining process, are described exhaustively in Section Two. Sections Three and Four present the construction of two hierarchical models of geological and mining conditions onerousness: the first in the context of extraction costs and the second in relation to daily longwall mining. The procedure for valuing the importance of their components by a group of experts (pairwise comparison of criteria and sub-criteria on the basis of Saaty’s 9-point comparison scale) is presented. The AHP method is very sensitive to even small changes in the value of the comparison matrix. In order to determine the stability of the valuation of both onerousness models, a sensitivity analysis was carried out, which is described in detail in Section Five. Section Six is devoted to the issue of constructing aggregate indices, WUe and WUt, which synthetically measure the impact of onerous geological and mining conditions on the mining process in individual longwalls and allow for a linear ordering of longwalls according to increasing levels of onerousness. Section Seven opens the research part of the work, which analyses the results of the developed models and indicators in individual mines. A detailed analysis is presented of the assessment of the impact of onerous mining conditions on mining costs in selected seams of the analysed mines, and in the case of the impact of onerous mining on daily longwall mining output, the variability of this process in individual fields (lots) of the mines is characterised. Section Eight presents the regression equations for the dependence of the costs and level of extraction on the aggregated onerousness indicators, WUe and WUt. The regression models f(KJC_N) and f(W) developed in this way are used to forecast the unit mining costs and daily output of the designed longwalls in the context of diversified geological and mining conditions. The use of regression models is of great practical importance. It makes it possible to approximate unit costs and daily output for newly designed longwall workings. The use of this knowledge may significantly improve the quality of planning processes and the effectiveness of the mining process.
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Gisborne, Nikolas. Defaulting to the new Romance synthetic future. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712329.003.0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter explores the emergence of the new synthetic Romance future from a periphrasis involving habeo and the infinitive of a verb, addressing the question of how to model such a change in a theory of language which has a Word and Paradigm theory of morphology. The theoretical discussion is conducted in Word Grammar, a theory of language structured around a default inheritance architecture that treats language as a knowledge representation model, in a symbolic network. It is explicitly mentalist, and the account of the changes involved draws on WG’s mentalism, particularly to explore how language learners set defaults on the basis of their models’ grammars’ outputs which may be different from the defaults of their models’ grammars. The two phenomena that this chapter addresses from the point of view of morphological theory are periphrasis (and whether it can be formalized within a paradigm) and the status of clitics.
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Kittredge, Richard I. Sublanguages and Controlled Languages. Edited by Ruslan Mitkov. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article deals with the topic of sublanguage, the original language grammar subset, which informs various text outputs. Despite routine deviance from standard languages, quite often sublanguage grammatical patterns draw heavily from standard languages. Machine translation, database extraction from texts, and natural language generation are some ways of sublanguage processing. The definition of controlled language projects the difference between itself and sublangauge. The former is described as a restricted set of natural language, engineered to facilitate communication between expert native speakers and either non-expert natives or expert non-natives. However, the difference lies in the fact that controlled language is not a natural subset, unlike sublangauge. Unlike sublanguage that works like a general language in not restricting its sentences, controlled language sets an upper limit, typically around twenty-five. Contrast between controlled language and sublanguage assumes theoretical importance.
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Ansari, Emily Abrams. The Frustrated Activist. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190649692.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter presents an account of the composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein, who, although constrained significantly by the ideological climate of the 1950s, refused to silence himself politically. Beginning in the last years of the decade, he became increasingly vocal in his support for New Left causes, including the antiwar, antinuclear, and civil rights movements. On State Department–funded conducting tours with the New York Philharmonic, he tried to use music, particularly the Americanist tradition, to challenge US foreign policy. In his compositions, he remained true to musical Americanism, striving earnestly in his art music to continue Copland’s prewar approach. He found a fruitful outlet for his political commitments in his works for musical theater, but his art music compositions present a much more complex and fraught picture. Bernstein was attempting to resist and undermine political nationalism, while simultaneously advancing cultural nationalism. But in the binarized climate of Cold War America, this would not prove easy.