Дисертації з теми "Neoclassical economic theory"
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1
Neugeboren, Robert Howard. "Rationality and the methodology of neoclassical economics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317905.
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2
Togati, Teodoro Dario. "A critical assessment of the Neoclassical Synthesis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333382.
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3
Shrestha, Munik K. "Behavioral growth theory a neoclassical approach /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/3644.
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4
Fingleton, Bernard, and Manfred M. Fischer. "Neoclassical theory versus new economic geography. Competing explanations of cross-regional variation in economic development." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3955/1/SSRN%2Did1111590.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper uses data for 255 NUTS-2 European regions over the period 1995-2003
to test the relative explanatory performance of two important rival theories seeking to explain
variations in the level of economic development across regions, namely the neoclassical
model originating from the work of Solow (1956) and the so-called Wage Equation, which is
one of a set of simultaneous equations consistent with the short-run equilibrium of new
economic geography (NEG) theory, as described by Fujita, Krugman and Venables (1999).
The rivals are non-nested, so that testing is accomplished both by fitting the reduced form
models individually and by simply combining the two rivals to create a composite model in an
attempt to identify the dominant theory. We use different estimators for the resulting panel
data model to account variously for interregional heterogeneity, endogeneity, and temporal
and spatial dependence, including maximum likelihood with and without fixed effects, two
stage least squares and feasible generalised spatial two stage least squares plus GMM; also
most of these models embody a spatial autoregressive error process. These show that the
estimated NEG model parameters correspond to theoretical expectation, whereas the
parameter estimates derived from the neoclassical model reduced form are sometimes
insignificant or take on counterintuitive signs. This casts doubt on the appropriateness of
neoclassical theory as a basis for explaining cross-regional variation in economic
development in Europe, whereas NEG theory seems to hold in the face of competition from
its rival. (authors' abstract)
5
au, p. flatau@murdoch edu, and Paul Robert Flatau. "Essays in the Development, Methodology and Policy Prescriptions of Neoclassical Distribution Theory." Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20091123.135256.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis consists of revised versions of five published papers on the development of neoclassical distribution theory, in the English-speaking world together with an introduction and conclusion, which draw together the themes of the papers. The thesis covers the origins of neo-classical distribution theory in the English-speaking world in the work of Jevons and Marshall, through to the second generation of Wicksteed, Clark and Pigou, and finally on to the 1930s and the new perspectives of Hicks and Robinson.
Drawing on archival sources and primary and secondary texts, these essays review the major statements on distribution theory made by key figures in the Jevonian and Marshallian marginalist traditions. The essays shed new light on the origins of neoclassical distribution theory and provide insights into the methodology of nascent neoclassical distribution theory. A drive towards a universal, all-embracing marginal productivity theory of the distribution of income characterises the work of Clark and Wicksteed, but not so Marshall. A formalist mode of analysis, which was to become the hallmark of neoclassical economics in the second half of the twentieth century, is also evident in key works of the period. However, the role of empirical evidence in theory generation and appraisal remains an undeveloped component of late nineteenth and early twentieth century neoclassical theoryMarshall again provides an exception to the general rule.
There is a common adherence, among the key figures examined, to the joint proposition that competitive market wage outcomes are fair, but that low incomes (fair or not) are unjust when they fail to meet minimum needs standards. State remedial action (tax and expenditure policies) is required to remove such injustices. Robinsons theory of exploitation provided an important extension to the neoclassical normative framework. She highlighted the extent to which labour may be exploited due to imperfections in both product and labour markets.
6
Duhamel, Marc. "Essays on second-best economic policymaking with price makers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0017/NQ56535.pdf.
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7
Donzelli, Franco. "The concept of equilibrium in neoclassical economic theory : an inquiry into the evolution of general competitive analysis from Walras to the 'neo-Walrasian research programme'." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335711.
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8
Sardadvar, Sascha. "Regional Economic Growth and Steady States with Free Factor Movement: Theory and Evidence from Europe." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4548/1/Sardadvar_ePub_1.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper develops a spatial theoretical growth model in order to study the impact of physical and human capital relocations on the growth of open economies. Analytical and simulation results show how the respective neighbours determine an economy's development, why convergence and divergence may alternate in the medium-run, and that interregional migration as a consequence of wage inequalities causes disparities to prevail in the long-run. The empirical part applies spatial econometric specifications for European regions on the NUTS2 level for the observation period 2000-2010. The estimations underline the importance of human capital endowments and its relation with spatial location. (author's abstract)Series: Working Papers in Regional Science
9
Ngo, Ngoc Qui. "FDI and Economic Growth : An Empirical Study of Lower-middle Income Economies." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Within a panel data context with fixed effects method, using data on a sample of 40 lower- middle income economies, this paper investigates whether and to what extent FDI stimulates economic growth over the period 2007-2017. The main finding of this paper highlights the complementary effects between FDI and education, suggesting that a certain level of education must be reached in order for FDI to contribute positively on economic growth. Further, the level of education in this sample set is below the level that is considered as adequate in order to spur economic growth and thus this affects the absorptive capacity. This paper can only confirm that there is a certain association between FDI and economic growth and cannot confirm the widespread belief that FDI stimulates economic growth due to that the estimated models more often than not provided insignificant results.
10
Lucas, Michael Robert. "Pricing decisions and the neoclassical economic theory of the firm: management accounting practice in the context of a realist methodology and research strategy." Thesis, University of Buckingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.566278.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many accountants seem to have accepted the existence of a 'reality gap' between management accounting's conventional wisdom, based on the neoclassical economic theory of the firm and actual business practice. This conventional wisdom advocates a decision relevant approach to cost analysis for pricing and product mix decisions, whereas actual business practice is believed to be dominated by (full) cost plus pricing. In accepting the existence of a reality gap, however, accountants do not seem to have addressed the arguments of economists. These seriously undermine the research findings that have given rise to the belief by accountants in such a gap. On the other hand, the empirical evidence supporting neoclassical price theory is not robust and much of the research that generated it is methodologically flawed, with results in conflict. Previous research, therefore, has failed to establish whether a 'reality gap' exists between neoclassical price theory and actual business practice. However, while a reality gap is recognised and the neoclassical view regarded as flawed, accounting researchers have nevertheless failed to make significant impact with the arguments supporting their standpoint. It is argued here that this challenge has not been robustly prosecuted because of a lack of confidence in the research frameworks utilised to explore the so - called 'reality gap'. This thesis contributes a new research framework for identifying the existence and extent of any potential reality gap between the assumptions of neoclassical theory and management accounting practice. The framework constructed identifies all the significant issues that need to be resolved, to address the shortcomings of previous research, in order to make a meaningful evaluation of whether actual behaviour is in accordance with neoclassical assumptions, or is better explained by the institutional economics paradigm, as has been suggested by a number of recent contributions to the Management Accounting literature. Previous research has failed to do this. This new research framework employs a case study approach based on a realist methodology. This thesis also reports on the empirical findings from six case studies of commercial organisations, undertaken in order to demonstrate the practical applicability of the new framework in producing meaningful results concerning the existence of a reality gap between theory and practice. The insights obtained from the case studies are tentatively suggested as themes which future researchers may replicate or extend, in order to enhance knowledge and understanding of pricing and product mix decisions.
11
Munim, Ziaul Haque, and Hans-Joachim Schramm. "The impacts of port infrastructure and logistics performance on economic growth: the mediating role of seaborne trade." SpringerOpen, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41072-018-0027-0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Considering 91 countries with seaports, this study conducted an empirical inquiry into the broader economic contribution of seaborne trade, from a port infrastructure quality and logistics performance perspective. Investment in quality improvement of port infrastructure and its contribution to economy are often questioned by politicians, investors and general public. A structural equation model (SEM) is used to provide empirical evidence of significant economic impacts of port infrastructure quality and logistics performance. Furthermore, analysis of a multi-group SEM is performed by dividing countries into developed and developing economy groups. The results reveal that it is vital for developing countries to continuously improve the quality of port infrastructure as it contributes to better logistics performance, leading to higher seaborne trade, yielding higher economic growth. However, this association weakens as the developing countries become richer.
12
Schmidt, Florian. "Export-led growth? : The case of Brazil." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49258.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With an ever-increasing globalising world, trade is of most importance for developing countries to not fall behind and be outcompeted. Export-led growth theory states that one of the key determinants for economic growth is exports. This thesis aims to analyse the causal effects of exports on economic growth in the case of Brazil. Annual data from the World Bank’s database for the years 1990-2018 has been used. The variables included are GDP, exports, gross capital formation, FDI and labour force. This study puts the export-led growth theory in a Vector Error Correction – Granger Causality framework. As opposed to previous scholars’ findings, neither export-led growth nor growth-led export could be determined for Brazil.
13
Ulander, Emil, and Andrea Aires. "Humankapital och ekonomisk tillväxt : En tvärsnittsstudie om utbildningens kvalitet och dess betydelse för ekonomisk tillväxt." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-27843.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka om utbildningens kvalitet har en signifikant påverkan på ekonomisk tillväxt. I uppsatsen tillämpas en regressionsanalys baserad på sekundärdata. Den beroende variabeln är real BNP per capita tillväxt vilken används för att mäta ekonomisk tillväxt. Den oberoende variabeln i fokus är testresultat från internationella prov och används som mått för utbildningens kvalitet. Kontrollvariabler i uppsatsen är initial BNP per capita, genomsnittlig utbildningstid, fertilitet, investeringar och graden av handelsöppenhet. I studien ingår data för 49 länder och omfattar åren från 2000 till och med 2010. I regressionsmodellen som inkluderar samtliga kontrollvariabler visar testresultatvariabeln en signifikant positiv relation till ekonomisk tillväxt. Det här betyder alltså att utbildningens kvalitet har en påverkan på ekonomisk tillväxt. Utifrån detta går det att härleda ett antal teoretiska förklarningar till hur utbildningens kvalitet har kunnat påverka ekonomisk tillväxt. I och med innovationer i informationsteknik samt den generella teknologiutvecklingen som präglat 2000-talet, dras slutsatsen att utbildningens kvalitet troligtvis har påverkat utvecklandet av färdigheter relaterade till innovationsförmåga och anpassningsbarhet till ny teknologi hos individer. Det här i följd har påverkat den ekonomiska tillväxten i ett land.The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the quality of education has a significant impact on economic growth. This paper applied a regression analysis based on secondary data. The dependent variable is real GDP per capita growth, which is used to measure economic growth. The independent variable in focus is test results from international tests and is used as a measure of educational quality. Control variables in the paper are initial GDP per capita, average years of schooling, fertility, investments and the degree of trade openness. The study includes data for 49 countries and covers the years from 2000 to 2010. The regression model that includes all control variables shows that the test result variable has a significant positive relationship to economic growth. This means that the quality of education has an impact on economic growth. Based on this it is possible to derive a number of theoretical explanations of how the quality of education has been able to influence economic growth. With innovations in information technology, as well as the general technology trend that characterized the 2000s, it’s concluded that the quality of education is likely to have influenced the development of skills related to innovation and adaptability to new technologies in individuals. Consequently, this affects the economic growth of a country.
14
Olligschlaeger, Andreas Matthias. "Neoclassical economics and labour migration theory : a Canadian perspective." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26579.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines the theoretical and empirical base of neoclassical migration analysis in economic geography. It is shown that the key assumptions of neoclassical migration analysis stem from the broader marginal equilibrium analysis and theory of resource allocation that defines the neoclassical school. Spefically, the hypothesis that neoclassical economics makes with respect to labour migration is that labour flows from low wage, high unemployment regions to regions with high wages and low unemployment, thus arriving at a state of equilibrium. This hypothesis is tested using Canadian labour migration data for 1976-1981. It is found that the hypothesis is unable to explain labour migration patterns in Canada because: first, the assumptions about human behaviour that the neoclassical model makes are both too simplistic and unrealistic, as are those about the nature of the economy, and second, migration seems to promote cumulative causation rather than move the system towards equilibrium.Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
15
Vít, Ondřej. "Vliv daní na ekonomický růst vyspělých zemí po roce 1945." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264345.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The most discussed topics in economics is the relationship between economic growth and taxes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of different types of taxes on economic growth of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries after World War II. The thesis is based on extended neoclassi-cal growth theory from 1992 by Mankiw - Romer - Weil. Regression Analysis of Panel Da-ta is used as technique for verification of the correlation of economic growth and taxation. The impact of taxation is integrated to the model through its effect on accumulation of physical capital, development of human capital and technology. The source of panel data used in the analyses is statistical databases of OECD, World Bank, Maddison historical data and Penn World Table. For better comparison of the results more different methods of measuring tax burden were used. It was share of tax income on GDP, share of income from different types of taxes on total tax revenue, labor tax and compound tax quota. Results than differ by measurement of tax incidence. It is too complex to set clear recommendation for growth, nevertheless it is obvious, that the goal of economic and political authorities is to shift the tax burden from direct to indirect taxes.
16
Зайцев, Олександр Васильович, Александр Васильевич Зайцев, Oleksandr Vasylovych Zaitsev, Ярослав В`ячеславович Решетняк, Ярослав Вячеславович Решетняк та Yaroslav Viacheslavovych Reshetniak. "Применение в экономических и финансовых моделях показателей затрат труда". Thesis, Izdevniecība «Baltija Publishing», 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/57308.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
У тезах розглядається використання показника праці в теоріях і економічних моделях. Також розглядається взаємозв'язок теоретичних концепцій, в яких застосовуються показники витрат праці. Підставою порівняння виступає поділ економічних вчень на класичний і неокласичний теоретичні напрямки.В тезисах рассматриваются использование показателя затрат труда в теориях и экономических моделях. Также рассматривается взаимосвязь теоретических концепций, в которых применяются показатели затрат труда. Основанием сравнения выступает разделение экономических учений на классическое и неоклассическое теоретические направления.
The theses mention the use of index of labor input in the theories and economic models, which was used indicators of labor input. The theses mention the correlation of theoretical concepts, where is the use the indicator labor input too. The basis of comparison is the separation of economic thought in the classical and neo-classical theoretical trends.
17
Flatau, P. R. "Essays in the development, methodology and policy prescriptions of neoclassical distribution theory /." Murdoch University Digital Theses Program, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20091123.135256.
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18
Терехов, Є. М. "Дослідження теорій розвитку економічних систем". Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/59851.
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19
Tumanova, Eglė. "Lietuvos infliacijos kontrolės įvertinimas pagal Neoklasikinę ir Neokeinsistinę teorijas." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090403_124111-37339.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Šiame darbe analizuojamos Neoklasikų bei Neokeinsistų teorinės įžvalgos, per šių teorijų prizmę siekiama įvertinti infliacijos kontrolės priemones, taikytas Lietuvoje 1991-2007 metais. Šiam tikslui pasiekti atlikta Neoklasikų bei Neokeinsistų teorijų analizė, išskirtos bei palygintos šių mokyklų atstovų rekomenduojamos infliacijos priemonės. Taip pat atlikta 1991-2007 metų Lietuvos infliacijos pokyčių bei juos lėmusių veiksnių analizė, peržvelgta šio laikotarpio monetarinė bei fiskalinė politikos. Išskyrus analizuotų Neoklasikų bei Neokeinsistų teorijų autorių siūlomus infliacijos kontrolės metodus, įvertintos Lietuvos infliacijos kontrolės priemonės. Padaryta išvada, kad Lietuvos infliacijos kontrolės modelis turi bruožų, būdingų tiek Neoklasikų, tiek Neokeinsistų teorijoms.In this work Neoclassical and Neokeynesian academic providence are analyzed with an aim to estimate Lithuanian inflation control devices, applied from 1991 to 2007. In order to reach this goal Neoclassical and Neokeynesian theories are analyzed. Inflation control tools, counseled by representatives of these schools of thoughts, are excluded and compared. Lithuanian inflation variations and their causes are analyzed, monetary and fiscal policies are delineated. By using segregated ideas of analyzed Neoclassical and Neokeynesian authors, Lithuanian inflation control methods are assessed. The conclusion is that Lithuanian inflation control model carries features, which are common both for Neoclassical and Neokeynesian schools of thoughts.
20
Sarr, Isabelle Thérèse. "L'intégration économique régionale dans l'Union européenne (UE) et la Communauté économique des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEDEAO) : les limites d'une analyse juridique comparée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UNIP7074.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'analyse juridique comparée de l'intégration économique régionale dans l'UE et les pays de la CEDEAO laisse apparaître des convergences épistémologiques, en raison du mimétisme du modèle européen par ses épigones ouest-africains. De ce fait, les fondements économiques, méthodologiques, et politiques de l'intégration régionale sont communs aux deux regroupements étatiques régionaux. Les fondements économiques puisent au cœur de la théorie économique néoclassique des avantages potentiels de l'échange international, tandis que les fondements méthodologiques permettent d'identifier une méthode décisionnelle et normative a minima supranationale, en vue de l'effectivité des règles de l'intégration économique régionale, et de l'efficacité de ses avantages potentiels. Enfin, des fondements politiques accompagnent la libéralisation des échanges d'une politique de régulation concurrentielle, garante à la fois de l'effectivité, et potentiellement de l'efficacité des avantages de l'intégration économique régionale. Les différences, ou divergences entre les projets d'intégration économique régionaux européen et ouest-africain ne se situent donc guère aux fondements de leurs justifications théoriques et conceptuelles. La différenciation entre les ambitions d'intégration économique régionale de l'UE et de la CEDEAO, ne se situe pas tellement non plus au niveau des règles matérielles, ni de l'organisation institutionnelle, qui encadrent et accompagnent le processus d'intégration, et ce quel que soit le degré d'intégration considéré. Ces considérations préliminaires justifient donc, de prime abord, une analyse des convergences épistémologiques entre les projets d'intégration économique régionaux de l'UE et de la CEDEAO. Par ailleurs, la différenciation susceptible de mettre en lumière les limites d'une analyse juridique comparée entre l'intégration économique dans l'UE et la CEDEAO, se situe plutôt dans la pratique juridique de cette intégration. Ces divergences mettent en lumière une approche différenciée, dans l'UE et la CEDEAO, de l'articulation entre la politique de libéralisation commerciale et de concurrence. De plus, en raison de ce que l'intégration économique régionale est susceptible de faire émerger un pluralisme juridique, qui se définit en fonction d'une typologie polymorphique du pluralisme, les divergences entre l'UE et la CEDEAO n'en sont que plus profondes. Anthropologiques, ces divergences justifient une analyse en termes de «systémie» ou d' «a-systémie» de l'intégration économique dans l'un et l'autre des espaces économiques régionaux considérés dans le cadre de cette thèse. Cette analyse systémique doit permettre une prospective méliorative de l'intégration économique dans la région ouest-africaine, et cet au-delà de la considération unique du projet la CEDEAOThe comparative legal analysis of regional economic integration in the EU and in the ECOWAS, reveals epistemological convergences, because of the mimetism of the European model by its epigones, such as the former colonies of West Africa. As a result, the economic, methodological, and political foundations of regional integration are common to both regional blocks. The economic foundations draw from the neoclassical economic theory of the potential benefits of international exchange, while the methodological basis allow the identification of a decision-making and normative method that is at least supranational, in view of the effectiveness of the benefits of integration. Finally, the political foundations accompany the liberalization of trade of a policy of competitive regulation, promising both the effectiveness and potentially the efficiency of economic foundations of regional integration. The differences, or divergences between European and West African regional economic integration projects are therefore hardly at the basis of their theoretical and conceptual justifications. The difference between the ambition of economic integration in the EU and ECOWAS is not so much at the level of material rules, nor the institutional organization which frame and accompany the process of integration, and this whatever the level of integration considered. These preliminary considerations therefore justify, at first glance, an analysis of the epistemological convergences between the regional economic integration projects of the EU and ECOWAS. The differentiation that may unlight the limits of a comparative legal analysis between EU and ECOWAS lays in the legal practice of integration. These differences highlight a differentiated approach in the EU and ECOWAS of the link between the commercial liberalization and the competition policy. Moreover, since regional economic integration is likely to bring about a legal pluralism, to be defined as a polymorphic typology of pluralism, the divergences are only deeper. Anthropological, these divergences justify an analysis in terms of "system" or "non-systemic" economic integration in one and the other of the regional economic spaces considered within the framework of this thesis. This systemic analysis should allow an improvement for economic integration in the West African region, and that beyond the single consideration of the ECOWAS project
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Andrada, Alexandre Flávio Silva. "Método, equilíbrio, expectativas e desemprego: o debate entre keynesianos e neoclássicos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9337.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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Alexandre Flavio Silva Andrada.pdf: 670430 bytes, checksum: d317a9a7393cab2f5438d96670a8d051 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2008-05-20The present work aims to provide a critique to the Walrasian approach in Macroeconomics. The debate between Keynesians (Keynes, New Keynesians and Post-Keynesians) and Neoclassical (Monetarists and New Classical) about method, expectations, and equilibrium is presented. Trying so to refuse Lucas s critique, which says that Keynes did not respect economic analyze straightjacket , i.e., selfish agents and clear markets. About unemployment a critical revision of General Theory s second chapter is made as well the concepts of natural rate and involuntary unemployment. The conclusions are: do not seem that Friedman s instrumentalist approach is the correct referential to Macroeconomics, rational expectations hypothesis do not explain men effective behavior, continuous market clear is tautological, and involuntary unemployment referred to a foreign economic agent individual characteristics situation. It is a Macroeconomic unemployment. At last while Microeconomics can avoid historicists considerations, Macroeconomics can not. Macroeconomics issues are related to historical moment, stage of institutions development and to a more human economic agent behavior
O presente trabalho visa apresentar uma crítica à abordagem walrasiana na Macroeconomia. Apresenta-se o debate entre Keynesianos (Keynes, Novos Keynesianos e Pós Keynesianos) e Neoclássicos (Monetaristas e Novos Clássicos) sobre o método, as expectativas e o equilíbrio na análise econômica. Tenta-se, assim, refutar a crítica de Lucas segundo a qual Keynes não teria respeitado a camisa-de-força da economia, isto é, agentes egoístas e equilíbrio nos mercados. A respeito do desemprego, faz-se uma revisão crítica do segundo capítulo da Teoria Geral, bem como dos conceitos de taxa natural de desemprego e desemprego involuntário. As conclusões obtidas são as seguintes: não parece ser correta a abordagem instrumentalista de Friedman como referência para a Macroeconomia, a hipótese de expectativas racionais pouco diz sobre o comportamento real dos homens, o equilíbrio contínuo dos mercados é tautológico e o desemprego involuntário diz respeito a uma situação alheia às características individuais do agente econômico. É um desemprego macroeconômico. Por fim, enquanto a microeconomia pode abster-se de considerações historicistas, a Macroeconomia não o pode. As questões Macroeconômicas estão ligadas ao momento histórico, ao grau de desenvolvimento das instituições e ao comportamento mais humano do homem econômico
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Maas, Harro. "William Stanley Jevons and the making of modern economics /." Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2005. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00155220.pdf.
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Cunha, Rafael Alves da. "A nova economia da informação e o Programa de Pesquisa Científico Neoclássico: uma abordagem lakatosiana." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5973.
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Previous issue date: 2013-06-07Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This work presents the contributions of Akerlof, Spence and Stiglitz, discussing how the elements provided allows a research programme to be defined, in the sense of Lakatos (1980). The research aims to demonstrate how the work of those authors were incompatible with the standard economic analysis, this late identified with those analysis pertaining to the Neoclassical research programme. In the first part, the Methodology of Research Programme is presented, relating it to the works of Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn. In the second part, a definition of the Neoclassical research programme is established, with the definition provided by Weintraub (1985) as a starting point. In the third part, the main works of Akerlof, Spence and Stiglitz were presented, identifying how they were incompatible with the definition of the Neoclassical research programme provided in the second part, and allows the definition of the New Information Economics research programme
O objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar as contribuições de Akerlof, Spence e Stiglitz, discutindo como os elementos fornecidos por estas contribuições permitem a definição de programa de pesquisa, no sentido proposto por Lakatos (1980). Buscou-se demonstrar que as pesquisas desses autores são incompatíveis com as análises padrão da teoria econômica, identificadas neste trabalho como aquelas pertencentes ao programa de pesquisa Neoclássico. Na primeira parte do trabalho é apresentada a Metodologia do Programa de Pesquisa Científico de Imre Lakatos, situando-a em relação aos trabalhos de Karl Popper e Thomas Kuhn. Na segunda parte, é proposta uma definição do Programa de Pesquisa Neoclássico, utilizando-se como ponto de partida a definição proposta por Weintraub (1985). Por último, são apresentados os principais trabalhos de Akerlof, Spence e Stiglitz, identificando-se como estes são incompatíveis com o programa de pesquisa Neoclássico, e permitem a definição do programa de pesquisa da Nova Economia da Informação
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Silva, Jaqueline Maria da. "Sustentabilidade em uma estrutura de sistemas integrados." Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, 2005. https://tede.lncc.br/handle/tede/114.
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Previous issue date: 2005-09-02Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Decisions related to the sustainable development involve the following: what to sustain and how to sustain . In general, these decisions are based on assumptions about the permanence of certain characteristics of the systems involved, be them natural or socio-economic. Moreover, these decisions can be only of ethical character or may involve formulations that include mechanisms for effective control, and search to steer the whole system towards a sustainable regime. The formal frameworks and the lines of thought employed in this process generaly relay in the maintenance of natural resources stocks and other factors. They do not consider, however, variations in technological production processes and social preferences. They do not, as well, take into account the spontaneous variability in the structure and components of the natural systems involved. This work aims an analysis of some existing concepts of Sustainability. It looks foward towards a stronger integration between the mathematical models and structures in Sustainability studies, in particular while they relate to the interaction between the ecological, social and production areas. An investigation of Sustainability integrating all these areas has not yet been made, not only due to a lack of perception of variabilities about man-nature systems, but also because their models and representations have diverse nature. The evolution of ecosystems, for instance, is represented as dynamical systems, while the interactions between people or organizations are represented as games and iterations in the productive system always appear as problems of control and allocation. When expressed in mathematical terms, these descriptions confine themselves to areas of mathematics that are not easily integrated and which techniques do not keep, at the moment, a narrower relation. We propose, in this work, the language of general system theory as a means to represent the mutual interactions and influences between the natural, productive and social systems. We search also for a more integrated form to describe mathematically problems in these areas. This allows, at least, for a clearer perception of what to sustain and of the interaction between components and processes in the mutable cases. This, in turn, provides a better stand about how to sustain .
Decisões relacionadas ao desenvolvimento sustentável envolvem as seguintes questões: "o quê sustentar" e "como sustentar". Em geral, as propostas de solução para essas questões baseiam-se em suposições sobre a permanência de determinadas características dos sistemas envolvidos, sejam eles naturais ou sócios econômicos. Além disso, as decisões podem ser de caráter apenas ético ou podem envolver formulações que incluam mecanismos efetivos de controle, e busquem dirigir o uso dos recursos naturais para um regime sustentável. Os esquemas formais e as linhas de pensamento comumente empregados neste processo repousam na manutenção de estoques de recursos naturais e outros fatores. Não consideram, porém, variações nos processos tecnológicos de produção e nas preferências sociais, e tampouco variabilidades espontâneas na estrutura e nos componentes dos sistemas naturais envolvidos. Este trabalho visa analisar vários conceitos existentes de Sustentabilidade. Procura também, buscar uma maior integração entre os vários modelos e estruturas matemáticos usados nestes estudos de Sustentabilidade, em particular os modelos que se referem à interação entre as áreas ecológica, de produção e social. Essa discussão integrada não tem sido feita até o momento, não apenas por falta de uma percepção da variabilidade dos sistemas homem-natureza, mas também porque seus modelos e representações abstratas tem natureza diversa. A evolução dos ecossistemas, por exemplo, é representada por sistemas dinâmicos, enquanto que as interações entre as pessoas ou organizações são representadas como jogos e as interações do sistema produtivo aparecem sempre como problemas de controle e alocação. Quando estão expressas de forma matemática, essas descrições se confinam a áreas da Matemática que não são facilmente integradas e cujas técnicas não guardam, no momento, uma relação mais estreita. Apresentamos neste trabalho formas matemáticas dentro da Teoria Geral de Sistemas para representar as interações e influências mútuas entre os sistemas naturais, produtivos e sociais, [Barbier(1989)], para nos auxiliar nos estudos de Sustentabilidade. Buscamos também uma forma mais integrada de descrever esses sistemas matematicamente. Este intento nos fornece, no mínimo, uma visão mais clara do quê sustentar e da interação dos componentes e processos nos casos mutáveis. Isso, por sua vez, permite uma melhor postura do como sustentar .
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Andersson, Jonas. "Inomföretagshandel : en deskriptiv studie av de gängse ekonomiska modellernas förmåga att förklara inomföretagshandel." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Social and Economic Geography, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-106133.
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This essay in economic geography describes what intra-firm trade as a concept is and different ways to determine in which cases trade is to be labeled as intra-firm trade (IFT) or not. The method used by the author is most easily described as descriptive. This method was chosen in order to test if existing theories; classic and neoclassic economics, new trade theory and international business studies, are capable to explain the phenomena of IFT. The theories are tested trough primary and secondary literature but also trough reasoning by the author.
The conclusion is that the most reasonable way to determine whether trade occurs intra-firm or not, is to decide upon a 5-% rule where it when one part owns 5-% of the voting strength in the other company is to be considered intra-firm trade. This is a conclusion based on several reasons; the strongest one being that a common view on IFT could boost comparative studies as the U.S already collects data based on the 5-% rule.
Classic and neoclassic economics are incapable of explaining IFT as aprerequisite for these theories is that markets are perfect. IFT can only beexplained by models building on imperfect markets hence new trade theory and international business are more successful in explaining IFT.
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Kraft, Michael Gerhard. "Ökonomie zwischen Wissenschaft und Ethik : eine dogmenhistorische Untersuchung von Léon M. E. Walras bis Milton Friedmann /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/ilmenau/toc/497325365kraft.PDF.
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Madra, Yahya Mete. "Late neoclassical economics: Restoration of theoretical humanism in contemporary mainstream economics." 2007. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3289200.
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This dissertation investigates whether or not there is a clear break between neoclassical economics (up to the 1970s) and the contemporary mainstream economic approaches. The term “contemporary mainstream economic approaches” refers to a seemingly heterogeneous set of approaches that include, among others, new institutional economics, new information economics, social choice theory, behavioral economics, evolutionary game theory, and experimental economics. In this dissertation, in contrast to those who declare the “death of neoclassical economics” and find a clear break (i.e., rupture, paradigm shift) between neoclassical economics and the number of contemporary mainstream approaches listed above, I conclude that these seemingly disparate approaches constitute a unified discursive formation articulated around the theoretical problematic of theoretical humanism that they share not only with one another but also with neoclassical economics. For this reason, in order to underscore the philosophico-theoretical as well as the historico-genealogical continuity between neoclassical economics (up to the 1970s) and the contemporary mainstream economic approaches, I shall refer to the latter as late neoclassical economics. In the late neoclassical context, neither the essentialist notions of human subject that involve self-transparency, autonomy, rationality, and intentional agency nor the ontologies of concordance, harmony, order and equilibrium are thoroughly scrutinized. On the contrary, the late neoclassical context is characterized by a concerted and multipronged effort to extend the scope of application of these notions and ontologies either by way of broadening and enriching their meanings or by way of introducing newer concepts that formulate the problem in slightly different ways (e.g., static versus dynamic, general versus partial, price-adjustment versus market-adjustment, cooperative versus non-cooperative) that would not necessarily address, but essentially sidestep, the problems that trouble the earlier formulations. In fact, in this sense, the contemporary mainstream economics is nothing but the shape that neoclassical economics has taken as a mature and developed theoretical tradition.
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"The role of prediction in economics: plausibility of testing economic theory, with special reference to Ricardian equivalence." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5887229.
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by Man Ka Kit.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-76).
ABSTRACT --- p.3
INTRODUCTION --- p.4
Chapter PART I --- WHAT IS PREDICTION? --- p.7
Chapter 1.1 --- Structure of Scientific Explanation： Covering-Law Model --- p.8
Chapter 1.2 --- Prediction and Theory choice --- p.10
Chapter 1.3 --- Prediction and Economic Methodology --- p.11
Chapter 1.4 --- Conventional Wisdom --- p.12
Chapter 1.41 --- Friedman's Methodology --- p.12
Chapter 1.42 --- The Impact of Popper --- p.14
Chapter 1.5 --- Unconventional Wisdom --- p.16
Chapter 1.51 --- KUHN AND LAKATOS --- p.16
Chapter 1.52 --- FEYERABEND THE ANARCHIST --- p.17
Chapter 1.6 --- Conclusion for Part I --- p.18
Chapter PART II --- MACROECONOMIC CONTROVERSY --- p.20
Chapter 2.1 --- "lucas' Critique, the New Classical and the New Keynesian" --- p.20
Chapter 2.2 --- The Role of Stabilization Policy --- p.22
Chapter 2.3 --- Effectiveness of Monetary Policy --- p.24
Chapter 2.4 --- effectiveness of fiscal policy --- p.25
Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusion for Part II --- p.26
Chapter PART III --- TESTING RICARDIAN EQUIVALENCE --- p.28
Chapter 3.1 --- ricardian equivalence versus keynesian theory --- p.29
Chapter 3:2 --- (unrealistic) assumptions behind ricardian proposition --- p.31
Chapter 3.21 --- "INEFINTIE horizon, altruism, and intergeneration transfer" --- p.31
Chapter 3.22 --- IMPERFECT CAPITAL MARKET --- p.34
Chapter 3 23 --- DISTORTIONARY TAX --- p.35
Chapter 3.24 --- "BOUNDED rationality, PERFECT FORESIGHT, AND RATIONAL EXPECTATIONS" --- p.36
Chapter 3.3 --- Empirical Evidence --- p.37
Chapter 3.31 --- CONSUMPTION FUNCTION STUDIES --- p.38
Chapter 3 32 --- INTEREST RATE STUDIES --- p.43
Chapter 3.4 --- technical problems： (unrealistic) assumptions behind the econometric models --- p.45
Chapter 3.41 --- Specification and Data Generation Process --- p.45
Chapter 3 42 --- IDENTIFICATION PROBLEM --- p.48
Chapter 3 43 --- staggerjng of (NOT-well-established) hypotheses --- p.49
Chapter 3.44 --- PROXIES FOR unobservables --- p.50
Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusion for Part III --- p.51
Chapter PART IV --- CONCLUSION --- p.53
Chapter 4.1 --- Duhem-Quine Thesis --- p.53
Chapter 4.2 --- The Austrians and Subjectivism --- p.55
Chapter 4.3 --- hausman --- p.57
Chapter 4.4 --- Friedman and Popper Revisited --- p.58
Chapter 4.5 --- The Role of Prediction --- p.61
EPILOGUE --- p.62
Ricardian Equivalence Vs Approximate Equivalence： Some Reflections --- p.62
Truth and Invariance --- p.63
"Certitude, Simplicity, and Irrationality" --- p.65
REFERENCES --- p.67
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Addleson, Mark Simon. "Neoclassical theory and subjectivism: epistemological perspectives on decision-making in economics and location theory." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/20841.
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The thesis has a dual focus. It criticises the theory of decision-making inherent
in orthodox neo-classical economics, and defines and develops a subjectivist
approach to decision-making. Problems of industrial location are used to
exemplify the shortcomings of neoclassical economics. A subjectivist approach
to industrial location decisions overturns the traditional explanation of a firm's location by showing that economic considerations may relatively unimportant when people formulate investment plans. [Abbreviated Abstract. Open document to view full version]
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Firth, Lucy. "Learning in industry, innovation and growth." Thesis, 1997. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15421/.
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This thesis investigates issues of learning, innovation and growth by considering arguments from disparate schools of theory, and by an empirical investigation. The development of new growth theory models that demonstrate sustained growth driven by endogenous learning and innovation is reviewed. The importance of learning to the growth mechanisms of many of these models suggests that the new growth theories may have a contribution to make on the understanding of learning in industry. However, it is found that, in focusing on advancing neoclassical growth theory, the new growth theories have introduced learning in scenarios that are schematic and designed to suit the
modelling enterprise rather than to capture the nature and process of learning in industry.
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Garcia-Rojas, Alarcon Jorge Gabriel. "Overview of the neoclassical production function and the market structure: An application to the Mexican cement industry from 1963 to 1983." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/13487.
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This study provides an overview of the Neoclassical theory of production as well as topics on market structure. It analyzes transportation costs, pricing, and economies of scale that determine production concentration and emphasizes the need of studies that would analyze possible effects if a North American Free Trade Area is implemented among the U.S., Canada and Mexico.
The Mexican cement industry is used as an example of a sector with diverse industrial organization schemes, where the production process results in a trade-off between energy-saving technologies and pollution wreckage. Labor, capital and materials inputs are considered in the case study where various policy simulations signal some distortions that controlled input markets have on output, efficiency, and productivity during the 1963-1983 period on the cement industry of Mexico.
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Du, Toit Charlotte Barbara. "A supply-side model of the South African economy: critical policy implications." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23873.
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