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1
Egunjobi, Joyzy Pius. "Human Developmental Vices." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation 09, no. 11 (2022): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2022.91101.
Анотація:
As human beings develop physically, cognitively, emotionally, morally, technologically, and spiritually, so they develop vices which are moral depravity, moral fault, and/or a habitual trivial shortcoming. These vices such as biting, fornication, lying, gluttony, greed, jealousy, stealing etc. develop at different developmental milestones of a nature-nurture interaction and as early as from infancy from underlying normal behaviors. It is theorized that if the behaviors that may lead to vices are well managed, they may become virtues. However, if one skips these developments in early childhood, it might catch up with one in adulthood where the struggle to overcome the vice may become sterner. This theory of human developmental vices may be important in understanding human negative behaviors and in promoting healthy parenting as well as understanding the individual differences inherent in each child response style as it interplays between nature and nurture. Researchers are challenged to empirically investigate this theory
2
Morreall, John. "Comic vices and comic virtues." Humor - International Journal of Humor Research 23, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humr.2010.001.
Анотація:
AbstractIn the face of some people's naive enthusiasm about the benefits of humor, Victor Raskin (Is humor always good for you?, Oklahoma, 1997) has explored the question “Is humor always good for you?” Rod Martin (Psychological Bulletin 12: 504–519, 2001) has shown how some kinds of humor foster unhealthy attitudes. Avner Ziv (Humor research in education: Enthusiasm vs. data, 1995) has warned that some claims about humor's value in education are exaggerated. Elliott Oring (Engaging humor, University of Illinois Press, 2003: Ch. 4) has shown how humor can express ethnic hatred. All these caveats are useful in a culture where the prevailing attitude toward humor is positive. If we consider attitudes toward humor through most of history, however, they were mostly negative. In Western religion and philosophy, indeed, no other human trait has been associated with so many vices. This article helps explain the cultural shift from a generally negative to a generally positive evaluation of humor by examining the traditional moral objections to humor, and providing modern rebuttals to them. It then develops the idea that humor in which we transcend our personal perspectives can foster virtues such as openmindedness, patience, tolerance, graciousness, humility, perseverance, and courage.
3
Samaher Hasan Dawood, L. "Criticism of the negative aspects in life of society in the novel by M. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita"." لارك 2, no. 50 (June 30, 2023): 681–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol2.iss50.3058.
Анотація:
The article reflects one of the most important and acute problems of mankind at all times, which are expressed in the manifestation of vices, such as cowardice, meanness, hypocrisy, lies, betrayal, greed, etc. A feature of the expression of human nature is the presence of a duality of categories, special attention is paid to the fact that each person decides for himself which path to take, the path of honesty or the path of lies. On the example of the perfect deeds of the heroes of the novel, the article provides examples of the expression of these very vices of human nature in all its glory. It is interesting to reflect the theme of the depravity of society in a satirical manner of presenting the novel. Human society appears before us as mired in vices, doomed society, the only way to redeem which is only the application of punishment.
4
Samoilenko, Oleksii, and Gao Xingmin. "SIMULATION PREPARATION OF THE MILLING PROCESSINGOF THE PART INSTALLED IN THE FRACTAL VICE." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES, no. 1(35) (2024): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2024-1(35)-81-89.
Анотація:
The article is a publication of scientific and methodical character. The article is devoted to the preparation of a virtual experiment of milling processing of a complex profile part, which is installed in a fractal vice. It was determined that fractal vices are presented on the technological equipment market in a very limited range. At the same time, the cost of fractal vices is unreasonably high. The cost is commensurate with the cost of the milling machine itself. However, modeling the processing of a part mounted in a fractal vise is of considerable academic interest. Fractal vices use Pascal's law on the plane (with some assumptions). The mathematical model proposed earlier was further developed. The model is flat and consists of a system of three differential equations of the second order. The equations describe plane-parallel and torsional movements of the part. Selected main parameters and their recommended values for the mathematical model of the processing process. At this stage, the main goal of the virtual experiment is to compare the set and real trajectories of the milling cutter. Also, the goal is to analyze the influence of parameters of elastic-damping elements, clamping force, etc. on the result. A matrix of options for conducting a virtual experiment is proposed. The matrix provides a large number of possible movements of the cutter relative to the part (simple, complex, locked, unlocked). It was determined that the matrix of options allowsfor a large number of possible processing options. From this set, several options are selected, the most suitable for further modeling and comparison with the results of a natural experiment. It is believed that the technological system "machine –vice –tool –workpiece" is a closed dynamic system with negative feedback. However, it is necessary to investigate the behavior of the system without feed-back and compare it with the rest of the experiments
5
Tanesini, Alessandra. "Intellectual Servility and Timidity." Journal of Philosophical Research 43 (2018): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jpr201872120.
Анотація:
Intellectual servility is a vice opposing proper pride about one’s intellectual achievements. Intellectual timidity is also a vice; it is manifested in a lack of proper concern for others’ esteem. This paper offers an account of the nature of these vices and details some of the epistemic harms that flow from them. I argue that servility, which is often the result of suffering humiliation, is a form of damaged self-esteem. It is underpinned by attitudes serving social-adjustive functions and causes ingratiating behaviors. Timidity, which is habituated through self-silencing, is underpinned by negative attitudes toward the intellectual worth of the self, which serve a defensive function. Like servility, timidity is an obstacle to the acquisition and transmission of knowledge and especially knowledge about oneself.
6
Kidd, Ian James. "EPISTEMIC CORRUPTION AND EDUCATION." Episteme 16, no. 2 (March 21, 2018): 220–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2018.3.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTThis paper introduces the concept of ‘epistemic corruption’ and applies it to current debates about the negative effects of education on the epistemic character of students. Epistemic corruption occurs when an agent comes to develop or exercise one or more epistemic vices due their interaction with a social environment. The phenomenon of epistemic corruption is especially important given modern enthusiasm, among virtue epistemologists and others, for the claim that education should aim to enhance the epistemic character of students by cultivating their epistemic virtues. After presenting a working account of the concept of epistemic corruption, three case studies are offered that document epistemically corrupting educational practices and policies. I conclude that study of the forms, practices, and effects of epistemic corruption should be an important dimension of virtue and vice epistemology.
7
Akinyemi, Isiaka Adeniran, and Kabiru Olusegun Akinyemi. "Making Waves for Nigerian Youths Through Education and Technology: The Harsh Fantasy of the Environment." Journal of Educational Sciences 7, no. 3 (July 24, 2023): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jes.7.3.p.382-399.
Анотація:
The goal of this paper is to bring to light an adequate understanding of the concepts of "making waves," to capture the minds of parents, students, and other members of society, on how education and technology can help to excel, and to educate one on the negative effects of social vices on the environment. However, the benefits of education and technology to both individuals and society were examined as a catalyst for social and economic sustainability. Hence, education and technology have been unraveled as a medium for achieving sustainable development when youths strive for excellence in their academic pursuits and eschew vices. The paper looked at technology and its emergence in the twenty-first century, how to make waves through digitalisation, the importance of digital education in Nigerian schools, challenges to the digitalisation of education in Nigeria, and ways to strive for excellence. This paper suggested, among others, that government should sufficiently fund education from the primary to the high school levels. Drugs, sex abuse, cults, and other vices must be rejected by every member of the community. A decrease in the number of children who are not in school must also be ensured by the government at all levels of the nation, along with provisions for the necessary infrastructure, learning, and teaching tools.
8
Esteves, Rui, and Gabriel Geisler Mesevage. "Private Benefits, Public Vices: Railways and Logrolling in the Nineteenth-Century British Parliament." Journal of Economic History 81, no. 4 (October 11, 2021): 975–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050721000450.
Анотація:
Vote trading among lawmakers (logrolling) can enable political rent-seeking but is difficult to identify. To achieve identification, we explore the rules governing voting for railway projects in the U.K. Parliament during the Railway Mania of the 1840s. Parliamentary rules barred MPs from voting directly for their interests. Even so, they could trade votes to ensure their interests prevailed. We find that logrolling was significant, accounting for nearly one-quarter of the railway bills approved. We also quantify a negative externality to society from logrolling ranging from 1/3 to 1 percent of contemporary GDP.
9
Ashenden, Samantha, and Andreas Hess. "Republican Elements in the Liberalism of Fear." Zeitschrift für Politische Theorie 9, no. 2-2018 (January 15, 2020): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/zpth.v9i2.05.
Анотація:
Judith Shklar’s liberalism of fear is distinct from other liberalisms; it gains its unique imprint and quality through a long and consistent engagement with, and critical discussion of, republicanism. Her account of the contemporary relevance of notions of virtues and vices, justice and injustice, the questions of rights, representation, citizenship and democracy all point to older republican influences. However, Shklar also knew that unreconstructed republicanism and republican ideas of the virtuous life were no longer applicable to modern societal and political conditions. This becomes especially clear in her discussion of Rousseau and in her study Ordinary Vices. The irreducibly pluralist and individualist nature of modern democracy have made it inconceivable that we would all agree on what the virtuous life consists in. Shklar’s emphasis on positive liberty, critically directed against Isaiah Berlin’s argument that negative rights and negative liberty are at the heart of modern liberalism; her insistence on the need for a common spirit as distilled in her study of Montesquieu; the need for equality in terms of voting and earning as stressed in American Citizenship; and finally her discussion of the changing nature of both loyalty and political obligation in her last Harvard lectures, are all indicative of the republican elements that can be detected in her barebones liberalism.
10
Otajonova Sarvigul Ravibjonovna and Khalimova Mokhigul Rustamova. "Developing Healthy Lifestyle Skills in Future Biology Teachers as An Important Problem." Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, no. 5 (December 8, 2023): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44i5.2561.
Анотація:
Protection from negative vices that lead to the violation of moral education of young people, i.e., terrorism and religious extremism, separatism, drug addiction, drug addiction, violence and brutality. To reduce the consumption of doughy food and sweets, bread products, which contain a lot of salt, sugar and fat, and by giving up harmful habits, in particular, the consumption of alcohol and tobacco products reduction of disease, overweight conditions (obesity) and premature death.
11
Sarvigul Ravibjonovna, Otajonova, and Khalimova Mokhigul Rustamova. "Developing Healthy Lifestyle Skills in Future Biology Teachers as an Important Problem." Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, S1 (December 14, 2023): 1124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is1.2795.
Анотація:
Protection from negative vices that lead to the violation of moral education of young people, i.e., terrorism and religious extremism, separatism, drug addiction, drug addiction, violence and brutality. to reduce the consumption of doughy food and sweets, bread products, which contain a lot of salt, sugar and fat, and by giving up harmful habits, in particular, the consumption of alcohol and tobacco products reduction of disease, overweight conditions (obesity) and premature death.
12
Lippitt, John. "Kierkegaard, “the Public”, and the Vices of Virtue-Signaling: The Dangers of Social Comparison." Religions 14, no. 11 (October 30, 2023): 1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14111370.
Анотація:
Concerns about the dangers of social comparison emerge in multiples places in Kierkegaard’s authorship. I argue that these concerns—and his critique of the role of “the public”—take on a new relevance in the digital age. In this article, I focus on one area where concerns about the risks of social comparison are paramount: the contemporary debate about moral grandstanding or “virtue-signaling”. Neil Levy and Evan Westra have recently attempted to defend virtue-signaling against Justin Tosi and Brandon Warmke’s critique. I argue that these defences fail and that a consideration of epistemic bubbles and echo chambers is critical to seeing why. The over-confidence to which they give rise exacerbates certain vices with the potential to do moral, social and epistemic harm: I focus in particular on self-righteousness (complementing Kierkegaard’s discussion of envy). I then argue that Kierkegaard’s contrast between the religious category of the “single individual”—the genuine person of “character”—and the person who effectively appeals to the authority of some version of “the public” deepens our understanding of why we should reject defences of virtue-signaling. It helps us to distinguish between two kinds of virtue-signaler (“superficial enthusiasts” and “clear-eyed cynics”), both of whom contribute, in different ways, to the negative impacts of the vice of self-righteousness. Contrary to Levy’s claim that virtue-signaling is virtuous, I conclude that typically it is closer to vice than to virtue.
13
Anyanwu, Chukwuma, and Elo Ibagere. "Communication Vices that Engender Development: Oxymoronic Relevance of Social Media Use in Nigeria." ATHENS JOURNAL OF MASS MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS 7, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajmmc.7-2-3.
Анотація:
The Nigerian journalist has lost his monopoly of information gathering, dissemination and control with the involvement of citizens in ‘journalism’ through social media especially Whatsapp. The objective of this paper is to show how through social media, with emphasis on Whatsapp, Nigerian citizens have been able to find their voices and can now contribute to societal well-being and development by embarking on information gathering and reporting. It uses participant-observation method to interrogate how citizen journalism has engendered development via negative journalism practice. The findings indicate that the government and other relevant stakeholders in the society respond to the voices of the people on issues which ordinarily would have been muted by conventional journalism practice or ignored by government. It concludes that citizen journalism through unconscious and unprofessional practice engenders development by somehow making government accountable through its response to issues of concern in areas that would otherwise, have been muted. Keywords: social media, citizen journalism, development, communication vices, Whatspp, Nigeria
14
Yuliya Ivanovna, Arutyunyan. "Allegories of virtues and vices in the European art VIII–XVIII centuries." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg State University of Culture, no. 2 (55) (2023): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30725/2619-0303-2023-2-102-109.
Анотація:
The struggle of the forces of Good and Evil is one of the leading themes of European art of the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Baroque. Personifications of positive and negative qualities of a person are depicted in book miniatures, monumental paintings, mosaics and sculpture from the time of the Carolingians up to the XIX century. The victory of Virtues over Vices described in the «Psychomachy» by Aurelius Prudentius Clement functioned as subjects of the art of the book of the Carolingian and Ottonian eras, sculpture of the facades of Romanesque and Gothic churches, in memorial plastic and allegorical painting of the Renaissance and Baroque. Medieval art generates several variants of the interpretation of the plot – the battle of Virtues in the form of warrior maidens with bestial monsters – Sins, allegorical embodiment of the forces of good and evil in the form of animals, genre interpretation of the theme in the form of «everyday» scenes. The Renaissance tradition refers to the personifications of good and evil forces in monumental paintings (Giotto) and memorial plastics, often as a symbolic designation, subjects of Holy Scripture are used. In the XVII century, allegories of Virtues appear in scenes of triumphs and glorification of rulers, in the festive decoration of processions (P. P. Rubens), in monumental paintings (Pietro da Cortona), in decorative and applied art.
15
Milivojevic, Uros. "The vices of emperor Constans I in the fourth century histories." Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, no. 45 (2008): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi0845027m.
Анотація:
The aim of this paper is to analyze the negative characteristics of the Roman emperor Constans I (337-350), according to the earliest preserved information from the late 4th century histories of Aurelius Victor, Eutropius Pseudo-Victor and Eunapius of Sardis. The earliest account of Constans' downfall is around 361 recorded by Aurelius Victor in his short history De Caesaribus. Victor wrote that Constans became more arrogant and aggressive after he defeated his elder brother Constantine II in 340. Also, he was not cautious enough for his young age, was hated due to his bad subordinates and did not respect his soldiers properly. But, the most outrageous fact was according to Victor, that the emperor had homosexual affinity towards his young and attractive barbarian hostages. The record of less moralistic Eutropius in his Breviarium ab Urbe condita, written in 369, is shorter but sharper. In the beginning the reign of Constans was vigorous and righteous but his character deteriorated after his illness. Following that, the young Augustus befriended himself with corrupted companions and turned to severe vices. His reign grew unbearable to his subjects and unpopular among the army ranks. Briefer then Eutropis is the testimony of an anonymous Latin author of Epitome de caesaribus who was contemporary to the Eastern Roman emperor Arcadius (395-408). This Pseudo-Victor wrote down that Constans devoted himself to hunting session, thus allowing plotters to dethrone him. Finally the single Greek author in this series, Eunapius (died after 404), whose istoria h meta Dexippon survived in fragments and Zosimus' late fifth century abridgment, called Constans the worst among the most intolerable tyrants. The Lydian sophist, as far as we could conclude from Zosimus', also recorded Constans' inclination towards young barbarians whom he allowed to mistreat his subjects. Because of wretchedness in the provinces of his realm, the courtiers led coup d'etat through Augustus' hunting session. Although vivid and informative, the real weight of these four accounts could be estimated only through comparison with the other, real or traditional, dreadful emperors described by the four authors. For example, the youthful age was important component of the bad reigns of Otho, Domitian and Gallienus, as Victor emphasizes. Eutropius' pattern of the promising start of the Emperor's reign and his later disgrace was similarly used in his assessment of Gallienus and Constantine the Great. According to Pseudo-Victor, Valentinian I could be estimated as the perfect prince if there had not been his poor selection of advisers. Constans' homosexual leaning towards young barbarian hostages could be observed from the two points. The first would be the remark that these barbarians were dubious companions for the Roman emperors, just as some of the rulers were blacklisted for their, real or assumptive, sympathy and meekness for women, eunuchs and courtiers. Gratian and Theodosius I were specially ill-famed for their affinity for Alan mercenaries and Gothic refugees respectively. On the other hand, slandered Licinius was praised for his strength in cultivating his courtiers and eunuchs. In relation to Constans' homosexuality, it is essential to note that one of the fundamental keys to the bad emperor's character was his breach of sexual taboos. In the inaccurate 4th century tradition Caracalla was known for his marriage with his stepmother, or Gallienus for his barter with Marcomanic king, in which he allegedly traded part of Pannonia Superior for the barbarian concubine. Explicitly, homosexuality was ascribed to Domitian, Carinus and Maximian Herculius. Finally, although the remarks on Constans' unpopularity and death were taken from the earliest preserved sources, it is clear that only a decade after his demise, the tradition, framed in already existing negative pattern, was established. This version of the events, probably maintained in lost Kaisergeschichte, was firstly acknowledged and then further supplemented by these four authors. In this context it is attractive to note down old samples of dire regimes and Roman historical tradition, still preserved both by the Latin and Greek authors in later 4th century. Then again, this fact is not very helpful in tracing the real character omissions of the deceased emperor Constans. .
16
BRAGOVA, Arina. "Cicero on Odium." STUDIA ANTIQUA ET ARCHAEOLOGICA 26, no. 2 (2020): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saa-2020-26-2-6.
Анотація:
The article analyses Cicero’s use of the concept of odium. The author has concluded that Cicero uses odium in different writings for more than 200 times, most often in his orations. The concept has a rather wide palette of meanings: from hate to enmity and anger. The notion of odium has such epithets as personal or public, open or secret, fair or unfair, big or small, sudden or long-term. Odium acts as a homogeneous member of a sentence with words denoting positive or negative emotions, or moral categories, and they are often connected by conjunctions, prepositions, particles (et / et … et, atque, aut / aut … aut, cum, sine, -que, vel, neque / neque … neque) or with a comma. Cicero employs the concept of odium together with invidia, ira, iracundia, which often form synonymous series. Cicero speaks of hatred (odium) when discussing crimes (scelera) and wars (bella). Odium is often combined with words denoting vices (libido, crudelitas, etc.) and negative emotions (cupiditas, metus, etc.). Odium as a negative emotion is opposed to positive moral categories (dignitas, misericordia, benevolentia, virtus, etc.) and positive emotions (spes, fides, etc.), especially in orations in order to persuade listeners. In his writings on rhetoric Cicero includes odium in the list of emotions that a speaker should exercise; with odium he also indicates the ability of the orator to change emotions of the audience depending on the situation, turning hatred into friendship or vice versa.
17
Cro, Stelio. "The Lion and the Fox: an Unholy Animal Kingdom." Moreana 49 (Number 189-, no. 3-4 (December 2012): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/more.2012.49.3-4.6.
Анотація:
This article compares the History of Richard III (1512) of Thomas More and The Prince (1513) of Niccolò Machiavelli. More attributes to Richard III a detailed list of moral vices that leaves no doubt as to his very negative view of Richard. On the other hand, in The Prince, Machiavelli deals with contemporary events without moral or religious preoccupations. In essence, for More history is “magistra vitae”, as long as the Christian values are conveyed by the historian, whereas for Machiavelli history’s lesson is valid regardless of religious and/or moral issues.
18
Berthon, Pierre, Leyland Pitt, and Colin Campbell. "Addictive De-Vices: A Public Policy Analysis of Sources and Solutions to Digital Addiction." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 38, no. 4 (July 28, 2019): 451–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743915619859852.
Анотація:
We spend our days looking at them, talking to them, and touching them. We sleep with them, work with them, and play with them. They increasingly consume our time, attention, and money: we are addicted to our digital devices—or, more precisely, the digital experiences they enable. This addiction is both akratic (we are aware of the negative consequences) and engineered (designed on purpose). Marketers are complicit in this engineering: through digital networks and big data they ubiquitously monitor and experiment on consumers. This knowledge is used to create ever-more addictive digital experiences enabled by devices, their platforms, and their content. In this article, the authors explore marketing’s role in the rise of the phenomenon: from product design, through advertising and big data, to the dynamics of ubiquitous distribution and “free” pricing. The authors then turn to policy solutions and discuss how informing, guiding, and restricting can help ameliorate the problem and promote the public good. The article concludes by outlining multiple areas for marketing and public policy research.
19
Franko, George F. "Incest and ridicule in the Poenulus of Plautus." Classical Quarterly 45, no. 1 (May 1995): 250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800041902.
Анотація:
Readers of Plautus’ Poenulus are struck by the generally ‘sympathetic’ portrayal of the title character Hanno, a portrayal somewhat surprising to us since the play was produced shortly after the Second Punic War.1 Contrary to what we might expect, Hanno the Carthaginian is neither villain nor scapegoat, and he even exhibits the Roman virtue of pietas.2 However, Hanno's portrayal is not wholly positive, for Plautus delineates his character principally by endowing him with the negative stereotypes of Punic physiognomy, dress, speech, and behaviour familiar to his Roman audience.3 Hanno's Punic ethnicity is not merely an incidental matter of fact, as it is with his relative Agorastocles, but an essential part of his characterization that serves to isolate him from all the other characters of the palliata. While some of Hanno's vices—deceit, licentiousness, and effeminacy—are not exclusive to Carthaginians and are shared by other Greek characters in the palliata, there is one vice peculiar to Hanno. In this paper I argue that Plautus ridicules Hanno through arecurrent insinuation of incest. The insinuation of incest has not, to my knowledge, been noted previously, but our text does imply it in three conspicuous places.
20
Adedeji, Amos Ojo. "Proliferation of Cultism in Nigerian Tertiary Institution: A Threat to National Socio-Economic Development." Aug-Sept 2022, no. 25 (September 22, 2022): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jpps.25.25.38.
Анотація:
Cultism in Nigeria tertiary institutions is a social phenomenon with far reaching negative effects on socio-political development. Cult operates in traditional African setting as a socio-cultural organization with positive impacts toward peaceful society. The study quantitatively interrogates the negative effects of proliferation of cultism in Nigerian tertiary institution on national socio-economic development. The paper revealed collapse of family institution, peer group influence, undue protection, poor authority-students relationship and moral decadence among others as major causes of cultism. Endangers future of the nation, threat to socio-economic development, threat to educational system, breeds insecurity and promotes social vices were also identified as effects of cultism. The study concluded by recommending teaching of children in the moral values, monitoring of student on campus from peer group influence, student to avoid bad companies, friendly authorities-student relationship and enactment of appropriate legislation among others
21
Z, Davison. "Freedom for Responsibility: The Essence of Ubuntu/Unhu Philosophy." Philosophy International Journal 6, no. 3 (September 20, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/phij-16000305.
Анотація:
Ubuntu/Unhu societies were characterised by the thrust on freedom for responsibility where the elders were the bearers of authority which was conducive for the development of the freedom. The authority of the elders had a bearing on the freedom of the non-elderly people. Authority and freedom are connected by responsibility. Without responsibility as the nodal point between authority and freedom, authority lapses into power and freedom lapses into licence. This study sought to find out how elders in Ubuntu/Unhu societies socialised the youngsters to become responsible citizens. In exploring the thrust and procedures of civic education in Ubuntu/Unhu societies, a study of ten elderly informants of ages between sixty-five and ninety-five were purposively selected from a district in Zimbabwe. The research findings are that the advent of colonialism has begotten misconstruction of the nature of freedom in Ubuntu/Unhus societies. The thrust has of late been on negative freedom which is freedom ‘from’ social vices. Many of these social vices are attributable to cultural invasion by the Euroethnocentric tendencies of the colonialists and the effects of global citizenry. Ubuntu/Unh societies were essentially focusing on the philosophy of freedom for responsibility in their pedagogy and andragogy. The contemporary institutions could get some insights from Ubuntu socialization strategies on how to develop responsibility in children and youths in this era of modernity.
22
Shaidukova, L. K. "Choice of spouses for women with chronic alcoholism." Kazan medical journal 74, no. 4 (August 15, 1993): 297–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj71452.
Анотація:
For three decades in the pages of foreign scientific literature, the problem of alcoholism in the family parental and marital has been discussed. Particular attention is paid to the personality of the spouses of alcoholic patients. So, for a long time, the question of the unity of the characterological traits of the wives of alcoholic patients was exaggerated, to whom a tendency to dominance, a subconscious desire to fix alcoholic vices in the husband to maintain a leading position in the family was attributed. Despite the negative results of studies rejecting the existence of a single psychological "portrait" of the wife of an alcoholic patient, the question of the choice of spousal partners in such families remains relevant.
23
Mellor, Steven. "A Construct Validity Study for the Union Intolerance Scale: Convergent-Discriminant Validity and Concurrent Criterion-Related Validity." Merits 2, no. 3 (August 25, 2022): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/merits2030015.
Анотація:
Stemming from union intolerance as a psychological construct, defined as sustained hatred by nonunion employees when unions are perceived to encourage intolerable vices in employees and, notably, in union employees, we sought to broaden the empirical basis to claim scale validity for the union intolerance scale. In doing so, we targeted two forms of construct validity: convergent-discriminant validity and concurrent criterion-related validity. Based on survey data drawn from a sample of American nonunion employees (N = 162), we found supportive correlational evidence for both forms. In reference to convergent validity, the scores yielded by the intolerance scale showed expected convergence with the scores yielded by measures of general intolerance of stigmatized groups and union reliance. In reference to discriminant validity, the scores yielded by the intolerance scale showed expected divergence with the scores yielded by a measure of self-reported negative social emotions linked to vices. As for concurrent validity, the scores yielded by the intolerance scale were associated with the scores yielded by a measure of support for the Protecting the Right to Organize Act (the PRO Act), a proposed labor law passed by the U.S. House of Representatives, in which employees indicated whether they will or will not urge their two State Senators to cast a vote in favor of the Act when it is brought to the floor of the U.S. Senate. Included are discussion points about why the scale can be suggested as valid and how scale validity can be extended.
24
Oderinde, Olatundun, and Samuel Alamu. "Christian Parenting: An Empirical Assessment by ECWA Ibadan District Church Council Members, Oyo State, Nigeria." NIU Journal of Humanities 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2024): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.58709/niujhu.v9i1.1822.
Анотація:
Parenting is a herculean task for parents, church and society. The challenge arises from the fact that people always compromise on one aspect of parenting or the other. Whereas the Bible stipulates the standard for proper child upbringing, most Christian parents today raise their children in a way contrary to the biblical standard and this has negative consequences on the church and the society generally. This is evidenced in social vices exhibited by children in the contemporary world. It is from this perspective that this study empirically investigated Christian parenting with a view to espousing the biblical standard of parenting for societal development. The study adopted a descriptive design of a survey type. The data gathered from the questionnaire were quantitatively analyzed using simple percentage while data from the interviews were qualitatively analyzed. Findings revealed that only 26.64% of respondents had proper understanding of Christian parenting. It was also found that the non-compliance with the parenting principles by 74.8% of respondents has resulted into children’s lack of commitment to society’s values. Some social vices were identified as problems resulting from this non-compliance. Some of the recommendations are: ECWA Church members to develop informed teaching on parenting to serve as basis for instructing Christians generally. Seminars and workshops should be organized for parents on the need to bring this to bear on their children. Parents must not commit the entire responsibility of parenting into the hands of the church, the school or any house help, etc. Keywords: Christian Parenting, Discipline, Child, Yoruba, ECWA Ibadan District Church Council, African society.
25
Kushigina, Svetlana K. "Realistic tendencies in M.N. Zagoskin’s comedies." Neophilology, no. 26 (2021): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2021-7-26-289-296.
Анотація:
The work of M.N. Zagoskin, a famous novelist and playwright, is associated primarily with historical novels, which were kindly acclaimed by the most talented writers and critics of the 19th century. The perception of the author’s dramatic works was not unambiguous. The author was accused of excessive imitativeness, lack of originality in the images construction, the dialogues development. Analysis of the structure, ideological content, principles of creating characters in M.N. Zagoskin’s plays allows us to speak of the author as a comedian, one of the first to apply realistic principles in the plays’ creation. Such a revolutionary approach consisted mainly of creat-ing an images system: “positive” and “negative” characters in varying degrees, but still endowed with vices. M.N. Zagoskin was able to reflect in his comedies plots the often curiosity of the exist-ing order of things. The senselessness of the noble elite's existence was deduced by the playwright using the example of the characters popular at that time: both positive and negative characters are endowed with “fashionable” personality characteristics. The author shows that contemporary society is struck by the “disease” of imitativeness, and this could become the reason for the loss of national identity. The comedy legacy of M.N. Zagoskin does not lose its relevance, it is highly ap-preciated from the point of view of ideological content, innovation and patriotic pathos.
26
Attar, Karina. "Muslim-Christian Encounters in Masuccio Salernitano's Novellino." Medieval Encounters 11, no. 1-2 (2005): 71–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006705775032825.
Анотація:
AbstractClose textual and contextualized analysis of two novellas drawn from Masuccio Salernitano's mid-fifteenth-century collection of short stories, Il Novellino, shows that, while the tales appear to present antithetical notions of Muslim identity, they also blur the categories of good and evil through often over-lapping positive and negative depictions of both Christian and Muslim protagonists. Both narratives discussed are also set within similar contexts (the guerra del corso, maritime travel, enslavement and ransom, inter-racial sexual relations) and can thus function as partial records of particular fifteenth-century cultural and social experiences. Although Salernitano's narratives have often been read as moralizing tales through which the author sought to expose the vices he perceived in society, as this article seeks to show, much more is at stake. The novellas offer significant insights into mid-fifteenth-century notions of Muslim identity and preoccupations about Christian-Muslim encounters and reflect a panorama of contemporary historical and social realities on a scale and in a fashion that remained unparalleled in the subsequent novella tradition.
27
Kasprzak, Dariusz. "Tematyka społeczna w pismach św. Ambrożego z Mediolanu." Vox Patrum 57 (June 15, 2012): 277–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.4132.
Анотація:
Numerous remarks which refer to the Christian social life in the writings of St Ambrose (339-397) offer us a relatively homogeneous picture of his pastoral opinions on marriage and family, work, property and virtues as considered in the theological context. God is the single aim of every man’s activity in the social activities. A systematic theological analysis led St. Ambrose to the conclusion that: 1) Marriage can have either a positive or negative sense and 2) that the male component in marriage is dominant over the female. He argued that the full liberation of both sexes would come only in Eternal Life. The emancipation of women is possible in this world through the Christian religion, through the role of a wife, mother or the consecrated virginity. Labor is inseparately related to human nature from its creation and before original sin. After original sin, human labor changed in the punishment for sin (pain and hardship) however in the same time became the means of salvation, and the redemption of sins. It is also necessary to sustain living and gives a chance to achieve moral virtues. Work and mutual assistance were made by the Bishop of Milan a model work in the society. St Ambrose accepted both private possession rights and a community property of goods. The earthly goods should be used always with the religious perspective of the sole destiny – God. The main Aim-God, a temporary possession of goods (worldliness) and the purpose of the Main Owner- the good of every man (justice, fraternity, solidarity, mutual love) are the limits of a possession rights. The Bishop of Milan also introduced to the Christian moral theology the system of evaluation of the human deeds based on the Stoic categories of virtues and vices. St. Ambrose combined this system with the allegoric conception of the Four Rivers of the Philo of Alexandria and St. Paul’s moral theology. A Christian should be guided by the virtues of humbleness and fear of God. They will lead him to the wisdom and divine blessing, subsequently to the real knowledge of God. In this world the Christians should respect the sense of responsibility, the virtue of silence, freedom, cardinal virtues, honesty, charity and usefulness of his work. In the social life Christians are obliged to denounce the vices of egoism and arrogance, usury, greediness, vice behavior or giving unwise promises. The social problems were always subordinated to the theological purposes in the writings of St. Ambrose. The Christian are always obliged to be guided by Gods Commandments. St. Ambrose did not manage to work out a code of Christian moral behavior in a society, however he discussed many different problems, which were used by others (cf. St. Thomas of Aquino) to construct such a code. A synthesis of the Stoic philosophy, the philosophy of Philo Judaeus and St. Paul’s moral theology can be legitimately regarded as his valuable contribution to the studies of ethics.
28
Leghari, Shazia Yasmeen, Tahira Perveen, and Kalsoom Nazar. "Implicit Bias in Health Care Providers During Providing Health Care Ser-vices to Patients in A Tertiary Care Hospital South Punjab Pakistan." Basic and Applied Nursing Research Journal 4, no. 1 (July 12, 2023): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/banrj.04.01.06.
Анотація:
Introduction: Bias means an unreasoned and unfair distortion of judgment in favour of or against a person or thing. It is the evaluation of something or someone that can be positive or negative, and implicit or unconscious bias is when the person is unaware of their evaluation. Unconscious or implicit bias describes associations or attitudes that reflexively alter our perceptions, there by affecting behaviour, interaction, and decision-making Methods: This study qualitative cross-sectional study design is used. Implicit Assessment Tool (IAT) used to assess the age Implicit, Religion Implicit and Skin tone Implicit among nurses. The data was analysed by SPSS version-18 & Microsoft Excel. Out of 100 respondent 23% showed a strong automatic preference for light skin compared to dark skin people in Skin-tone IAT. Results: Out 0f 100 just 2% showed strong automatic preference for dark skin as compared to light skin people. During the Religion IAT out of 100 respondents just 1% nurses showed a strong preference for Judaism compared to Islam. 96.0% showed strong automatic preferences for Islam compared to Judaism. 29 % respondents showed a strong automatic preference for Islam compared to Christianity. While 2% participants showed a strong preference for Christianity compared to Islam. In Age implicit assessment test 30% nurses showed strong automatic preference for young people to old people. Just 1 % nurses showed strong automatic preference for old people compared to young people. 30 % nurses showed moderate level of automatic preferences for young people as compared to old people, while just 2 % have moderate automatic preference for old people as compared to young people. Conclusion: This study concluded that Nurses have a strong automatic preference towards their own religion so that they prefer Muslim patients unconsciously rather than the other religion. This study also reveal that during giving care nurses have strong automatic preference to young people and light skinned people as compared to dark skinned and old people.
29
Hаvrylіuk and Vorobyova. "Some aspects of business development of tourist enterprises of Ukraine." Problems of Innovation and Investment Development, no. 23 (April 10, 2020): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33813/2224-1213.23.2020.11.
Анотація:
The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical and practical foundations of entrepreneurial activity of tourism enterprises, taking into account industry specifics, to study the problems that impede its development in tourism. This ar- ticle discusses essence and specific forming of entrepreneurship оn the tourismmarket. The subjects of entrepreneurship in tourism are characterized and their structure is assessed. The factors which discourage for entrepreneurial development of tourist enterprises is investigated. A complex of measures to intensify the en- trepreneurial activity of tourist enterprises has been developed, which will sig- nificantly increase their socioeconomic impact on the country’s economy. The re- search methodology consists in the use of analytical, logical, systematic methods, as well as a system-activity approach. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is a comprehensive study of this problem and finding new methods of enhancing the entrepreneurial activity of domestic tourism enterprises. Conclusions. The negative dynamics in the performance of tourism enterprises in recent years was the result of the effects of the crisis, the pulling of Ukraine into a military conflict and the insufficient development of tourism infrastructure. To overcome the negative tendencies of entrepreneurial activity in tourism, it is important to im- prove the tourism potential, strengthen the marketing component in the tourismeconomy, develop tourism infrastructure and work to improve the quality of ser- vices provided by business entities in tourism. The degree to which tourism enter-prises achieve their business goals and high financial results depends on the abil- ity to introduce modern entrepreneurialtechnologies.
30
Lemish, Nataliya, Svitlana Matvieieva, Yuliia Orlova, and Juliia Kononets. "Culture vs Stereotypical Thinking vs Language Facts." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 25, no. 1 (April 2022): 64–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2022.25.1.64.
Анотація:
The paper considers the topical issue of contemporary Intercultural Communication, Linguoculturology, Psycholinguistics, Psychology, dealing with importance of an individual’s awareness of cultural factors of different nations, specificity of national thinking (stereotypical in particular), ability of different languages to reflect reality differently, as well as establishing their interrelation. The findings prove close (integral and interdependent) relations among culture, stereotypical thinking, and language facts. It is stated that all the cultural universals contain a kind of deep structures of human consciousness which correlate with national peculiarities of each separate culture. Any changes in society always cause changes of vital senses and values fixed in cultural universals. Language is a prerequisite and “a verbal expression” of culture. As a sociocultural factor language helps to gain and organize human experience, and any national culture depends upon the character and specificity of a separate language. The results show that thinking is investigated through language analysis. The authors argue that thinking is influenced by national values and customs of the country where a person is brought up, thus confirming the existence of stereotypical thinking. Such stereotypes are rooted in social conditions and prior experiences; they may be neutral or have a positive / negative impact. People should be aware of explicit / implicit stereotypes existence and of an individual’s ability to think stereotypically. In this connection language facts (in their relation to stereotypical thinking within various cultures) are readily perceived by most representatives of discrete nations / groups and reflect both the encouraged moral values, and beliefs, as well as stigmatised human vices and ridiculed negative phenomena.
31
Vaulina, Svetlana S., and Elena V. Bulataya. "Ironic assessment in Saltykov-Shchedrin’s novel The Golovlyovs." Slovo.ru: Baltic accent 12, no. 4 (2021): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2225-5346-2021-4-7.
Анотація:
Irony is considered as an evaluative category in literary and artistic discourse. The authors point out such typical features of ironic evaluation as implicit character, i. e. the ability of irony to present the evaluative position of the author in a veiled form, subjectivity, which is directly dependent on the author's attitudes and ideological intentions, negative colouring of ironic evaluation and a high degree of its impact on the reader. The authors identify the basic techniques of expressing ironic assessment in Saltykov-Shchedrin's novel “The Golovlyovs”. The peculiarities of ironic evaluation are analyzed, and the forms of expressing irony are identified. The main techniques of expressing irony in the novel are antiphrasis, unexpected ironic inference from a situation, antithesis, the use of inappropriate collocations that do not fit the context, intertextual inclusions, intentionally created absurd situations, and rhetorical questions. The main feature of ironic evaluation in the novel is its satirical basis, its distancing from humour and the focus on the denunciation of human vices and social flaws in the historical period of the domination of the landlord class. Ironic evaluation in Saltykov-Shchedrin's novel is an important component of the Saltykov-Shchedrin's ideostyle and reveals the specificity of his narration and the peculiarities of the writer's worldview.
32
de Vries, Catherine E. "Ambivalent Europeans? Public Support for European Integration in East and West." Government and Opposition 48, no. 3 (June 5, 2013): 434–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2013.15.
Анотація:
In the midst of the economic crisis sweeping across the European continent, popular support for European integration has become a common theme in political discourse. This article revisits the debate regarding popular support for European integration. Although many journalists, politicians and pundits currently argue that the public is becoming increasingly sceptical of further steps towards integration, this study qualifies that claim and suggests that public opinion towards Europe is best described as ambivalent. Also, it shows that ambivalence regarding European integration is higher in Western than in Central and Eastern Europe. This is probably due to the fact that as citizens in Western Europe have gained more experience with the positive and negative consequences of integration over the years, they have also become more ambivalent about the European project. Rather than suggesting that citizens are by and large turning their backs on Europe, I put forward the view that we seem to be witnessing growing uncertainty about the future scope and depth of the integration process. This, I argue, could be viewed as a natural by-product of experiencing both the virtues and the vices association with membership. Consequently, attitude ambivalence as such may be demonstrative of a maturation of public opinion concerning European integration.
33
Obalade, Grace, Adefemi A. Obalade, and Vuyokazi Mtembu. "HEXACO personality domains and deviant behavior in Nigerian public universities." Problems and Perspectives in Management 21, no. 3 (July 7, 2023): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.21(3).2023.02.
Анотація:
Workplace deviance is one of the significant problems in Nigerian public universities. This study aims to investigate the impact of HEXACO personality factors (honesty-humility, emotionality, and agreeableness (H-HEA)) on deviant workplace behavior in public universities in Southwestern Nigeria. The choice of the institutions (Ekiti State University, University of Lagos, and the Federal University of Akure) in the Southwestern region was based on purposive sampling. Simple random sampling was employed to select academic and non-academic staff. The study adopted a quantitative research design and employed Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis to analyze and test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that the H-HEA domain of personality traits negatively correlates with organizational and interpersonal deviance. Secondly, H-HEA personality traits have a negative effect on organizational and interpersonal deviance. Overall, the results of the regression analyses suggest that the H-HEA HEXACO domains of personality traits individually reduces the organizational and interpersonal forms of deviance. Based on the findings, the human resource departments of these institutions can curb workplace deviance by giving preference to candidates or individuals with high scores in H-HAE personality traits. This will go a long way in curtailing the vices of workplace deviance in Southwestern Nigeria public universities.
34
Ike, Obinna Osita. "The Moderating Role of Family Functioning in the Relationship between Dark Triad Personality and Cyberbullying among Undergraduates." Psychology & Psychological Research International Journal 9, no. 1 (2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/pprij-16000390.
Анотація:
The emergence of modern technology has increased negative vices such as cyberbullying. This form of aggression has increased in intensity among the youths. However, ways of ameliorating this menace to curtail its debilitating effects have not been fully explored. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the moderating role of family functioning in the relationship between dark triad personality and cyberbullying among undergraduates. The participants were five hundred and sixty-five (565) undergraduate students between the ages of 18 and 30 (Mean age 21.99; SD = 2.82) drawn through purposive sampling from a sample of Nigerian undergraduate students. Self-report measures of the 27-item Short Dark Triad Questionnaire (SD3), Cyber Victim and Bullying Scale (CVBS), and Family APGAR Scale were used for data collection. The hypotheses were tested using the Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS version 3.00. The results showed that dark triad personality (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) were positively associated with cyberbullying among undergraduate students. Family functioning is negatively associated with cyberbullying. In addition, family functioning moderated the relationship between dark triad personality (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) and cyberbullying among undergraduate students. The study revealed that dysfunctional family functioning increased the extent to which students engage in cyberbullying in the presence of a dark triad personality (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy).
35
Motulevich, A. "PROBLEMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF THERMAL POWER PLANTS." Construction Materials and Products 2, no. 5 (July 5, 2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-5-13-18.
Анотація:
now the enterprise of heat power engineering represents the interconnected complex of technical means, de-vices and mechanisms which main purpose-accumulation and transfer of energy to the final consumer. Due to the specifics of its work at each stage of the thermal power plant performed a variety of tasks. Depending on the tasks, the system of the complex itself is formed with the selection of installations, energy storage facilities, as well as treatment facilities. In the process of realization of their direct functions, such enterpris-es have an impact on the environment, which is rather negative. Therefore, the problem of interaction be-tween heat and power enterprises and the environment is particularly acute.
Both the work of the enterprise itself and the work on its construction cause irreparable harm to the envi-ronment. Plant interventions such as fuel selection and energy conversion efficiency measures reduce emis-sions of many air pollutants, including CO2, per unit of energy generation. Optimization of energy efficiency in the generation process depends on many factors. However, it is impossible to make the enterprise com-pletely environmentally friendly for many reasons, however, it is necessary to assess correctly the possible risks of operation of this type of production and take adequate measures to minimize the harm caused to the environment.
36
Garba, A. A. "Impacts of population growth in relation to changes in aquaculture and fisheries prices." Journal of Aquatic Sciences 36, no. 1 (August 3, 2021): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jas.v36i1.8.
Анотація:
The paper reviewed the impacts of population growth and the ways it affects aquaculture and fisheries prices. As the world population continues to grow arithmetically, great pressure is placed on arable lands, water, energy, and biological resources to provide an adequate supply of food while maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem. In 2010, FAO projected the world population to double from 6.2 billion in October, 1999 to 12.5 billion in the year 2050. This had created serious negative impacts on the aquaculture and fisheries prices. At present fertile crop lands had been lost at an alarming rates while some abandoned during the past 50 years because erosions made it unproductive. Other vices such as food crisis, political unrest and war (Mexico, Uzbekistan, Turkistan, Yemen, Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Morocco and Sudan), civil strife and multiple years of draught (Niger, Mauritania and Senegal), impacts of HIV/AIDS Ebola, Lassa fever and Coronavirus the world over, clashes between cattle rearers and farmers and boko haram issues (Nigeria) as well as kidnapping and corruptions have severely affected aquaculture and fisheries production and accompanied prices. Thus, this review was conducted to raise a cry for farmers and citizens to engage and participate in intensive culture and fisheries practices in order to fill the demand - supply gap so as to make fish food products available for the teeming masses.
37
Bee, Jim. "British television satire." Recherches anglaises et nord-américaines 36, no. 3 (2003): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ranam.2003.1703.
Анотація:
Satire is a regular feature of British television, both in fiction and topical comedy. Its contribution to contemporary culture and politics deserves to be taken seriously but it has attracted little academic interest. An exception is Wagg’s analysis of post-war British satirical comedy (1992) where he argues that satire has had a negative effect on political life by encouraging a cynical view of politics. This research discusses satire on contemporary British television, specifically topical news satire in the news quiz. Drawing on literary theory it seeks to illuminate how such satire works as a communicational form and what we might expect of it politically. Extracts are analysed of the news quiz Have I Got News For You? It is argued that topical news satire offers some examples of the traditional version of satire as a moral and pedagogic form identifying vices and urging their correction but it is found to be more likely to involve less conclusive features such as (following Griffin 1994) inquiry, provocation, play and display and to be dedicated to pleasure as much as moral and political persuasion. Whilst contemporary tv satire provides plenty of evidence to support the claim that it abuses politics in general and encourages cynicism, it can equally be argued that it is part of an established tradition of public complaint and mockery which is useful to a healthy democracy.
38
Ita, Victor E., and John E. Bassey. "Rising Youth Unemployment and The Socio-Economic Realities in Nigeria: The Akwa Ibom State Experience." International Journal of Development and Economic Sustainability 10, no. 4 (April 15, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijdes.13/vol10n4114.
Анотація:
This paper was undertaken to establish the interplay between youth unemployment and resultant negative socio-economic realities in Nigeria as evident in Akwa Ibom State. Nigeria’s population and that of Akwa Ibom State is currently (July, 2022) estimated at about 206 and 7 million respectively with a progressive average growth rate of 3.5 percent per annum. Out of this number, while more than 35 percent at the national level, over 52 percent of the youth in Akwa Ibom State are unemployed. This situation, as the paper observed, is occasioned by crucial factors ranging from the poor state of the economy and educational standard, poor attitude to agriculture, poor enabling and secured environment, scarcity of data on informal employment and entrepreneurship, poor economic growth rate and wrong impression about technical and vocational education. Furthermore, the paper noted that the prevailing unemployment among youth in Akwa Ibom State has engendered high rate of social vices such as prostitution, armed robbery, oil bunkering, internet fraud, drug trafficking and addiction, rape, kidnapping, political thuggery, assassination and other acts of criminalities. For the way forward, the paper proffered, among others, that the Akwa Ibom State government should redesigned the education sector to become technology-based in order to enhance skill acquisition for self-employment as well as encourage the youth to embrace agriculture as a profitable business venture. Moreover, honest effort should be made towards revitalizing the moribund and ailing industries in the state.
39
Abdullah, Mazni, and Noor Sharoja Sapiei. "Do religiosity, gender and educational background influence zakat compliance? The case of Malaysia." International Journal of Social Economics 45, no. 8 (August 13, 2018): 1250–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-03-2017-0091.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of religiosity, gender and Islamic educational background of Muslims on zakat compliance. It also aims to identify which dimensions of religiosity are significantly related to zakat compliance. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a self-administered questionnaire that was distributed to working Muslims individuals in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Analysis of the data was based on 690 usable questionnaires. Findings The findings show that religiosity had a significant influence on zakat compliance and three dimensions of religiosity, namely obligation, virtues and vices, and optional ritual, were significantly related to zakat compliance. Gender was also significantly related to zakat compliance, but in a negative direction, suggesting that Muslim working females are less compliant to zakat obligations compared to their male counterparts. It is found that formal Islamic educational background had no significant influence on zakat compliance. Practical implications Given the importance of zakat collection to the growth of the economy and society, the findings of this paper might provide some insights to Muslim-majority countries and zakat institutions which areas require more attention to encourage zakat payment among Muslims. Originality/value Compared to prior zakat studies, the findings of this study were derived from a larger sample size of Muslim working respondents. Furthermore, this study also identifies which dimensions of religiosity are significantly related to zakat compliance. Hence this study enriches the scarce literature on zakat and religiosity.
40
Kamwamba, Atanazio Ernest. "Off-Campus Admission and Girls’ Vulnerability: Spaces for Immorality and Sexual Oppression." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. III (2024): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.803028.
Анотація:
This study was conducted to investigate how the off-campus mode of university admission makes the girl-child vulnerable and creates spaces for immorality and sexual oppression. The study was conducted using questionnaires and oral interviews, both done online due to Covid-19 preventive measures. Using Gayatri Spivak’s idea of “The Female Subaltern”, the paper argues that admitting students on off-campus mode with little or no financial support increases girls’ vulnerability to such vices as prostitution and sexual abuse by ‘rich’ men, who take advantage of the girls’ suffering. The paper observes that this has negative effects on the girls’ education and lives as they may contract sexually transmitted infections, leaving them traumatized. This development also compromises the morality of university students, who are taken as role models in society. This immoral behaviour impacts negatively on the girls’ studies. The study observes that while the intentions to introduce this mode was in good faith, to ensure increased access to tertiary education, the challenges faced therein (regarding girls’ welfare) go a long way in defeating this rather good intention, and it becomes a gender issue considering the vulnerability of the girl-child, as men take advantage of the compromised welfare of these girls. With these girls losing their moral well-being, they cease from being reliable citizens after graduating from the university; not mentioning the fact that their life span is reduced should they contract deadly sexually transmitted infections.
41
Morrone, Daniele. "Quenching greedy souls in metal lakes." ARYS. Antigüedad: Religiones y Sociedades, no. 20 (October 7, 2022): 171–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/arys.2022.6856.
Анотація:
Plutarch’s theological dialogue De sera numinis vindicta ends with an eschatological myth narrating the afterlife vision of Thespesius (22-33, 563b-568a), centred on the souls’ “purification” from their earthly vices – obtained by means of punishments – and on the process of their reincarnation. This myth includes symbolic images of metallurgic interest. The most elaborate of these corresponds to the description of the chastisement of the “insatiable” and “greedy” souls, which are cyclically immersed into lakes of gold, lead, and iron, enduring painful transformations in each lake (30, 567c-d). This article focuses on the analysis of the implications and literary genesis of this scene, in the frame of the rest of the myth and of the dialogic part of De sera num., of Plutarch’s ethical and scientific ideas, of his culture, and of the tendencies of his metaphorical and analogical prose (as evidenced by his other works). It begins with an introduction to Plutarch’s religious thought and use of Platonic myths, defending the assumption that these should be treated as non-literal “enigmatic” tales and thus interpreted symbolically. A section is then dedicated to the narrative frame of Thespesius’s vision – the story of the moral conversion of an unscrupulously hedonist and greedy man – and to Plutarch’s symbolic presentation of the stains of vice (26, 565b-d), each associated with a colour, focusing on the stain of “miserliness and greed”. After an overview of the other punishments witnessed by Thespesius, mainly to be interpreted as forms of contrapasso and exhibitions of the souls’ hidden, wicked selves, the analysis of Plutarch’s treatment of greed is completed with an extensive discussion of the scene of the metallic lakes. Previous scholarly treatments of the scene are also discussed, with a focus on those which connected it with alchemy. Considering a recently proposed comparison between Plutarch’s scene and some of the images used by the alchemist Zosimus in his allegorical dreams (MA X, XI, XII Mertens), the hypothesis of their affinity is explored with mainly negative results. However, a further hypothesis is suggested without full endorsement: namely, that the symbols used by Plutarch, like those used by Zosimus, were influenced by the aesthetics of Egyptian and/or Jewish religion in the syncretising environment of 1st-cent. CE Alexandria.
42
Dekhanova, Olga A. "Drinking Establishments in the Novel Crime and Punishment. An Artistic Detail in the Legal Field of the Drinking Reform of 1861." Dostoevsky and World Culture. Philological journal, no. 2 (22) (2023): 106–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2619-0311-2023-2-106-127.
Анотація:
By the middle of the 19th century, the theme of drunkenness as the cause of the most heinous vices and crimes had become one of the most discussed. Numerous abuses by the owners of drinking establishments led to a spontaneous manifestation of people’s sobriety in the late 50s of the 19th century. This caused significant damage to the state budget. The result of this confrontation was the introduction of a new government policy on drink sales. The terminological replacement of “kabak” with drinking house gradually replaced this name from everyday language but retained its historically negative reputation in the public mind. By the middle of the 19th century, the use of the lexeme “kabak” in the literary language already had a distinct metaphorical meaning. The “kabak”, as the main culprit of drunkenness and depravity, became the embodiment of social evil, and the problem of drunkenness was realized as a religious opposition “righteousness — sin.” The action of the novel Crime and Punishment takes place in the period of the first consequences of the new drinking reform. One of the features of the novel is Dostoevsky’s use of the lexeme “raspivochnaia” as an everyday colloquial name for a drinking house, carrying a pronounced emotional reaction of social rejection. “Raspivochnaia” is a thorough leitmotif of the story. It is an element of the general negative atmosphere of the city along with stuffiness, the smell of dust, lime, and slop. It is associated with descriptions of the psychological state of Raskolnikov. The mention of it accompanies all significant events and meetings for the characters. But the most important thing is its connection with the religious and moral problems of choice, with the inevitability of the fall into sin or the possibility of resurrection. This emotional and semantic image, which determines the further narrative, is built by Dostoevsky already at the very beginning of the novel, in the tavern where Marmeladov and Raskolnikov meet.
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MURODOVA, DURDONA. "Pak Wanson's "Who Ate So Much Shing?" artistic interpretation of the nation problem in the novel." Sharqshunoslik. Востоковедение. Oriental Studies 02, no. 02 (September 1, 2022): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/os/vol-01issue-02-04.
Анотація:
One of the most pressing issues in modern Korean literature is the problem of the nation, led by Pak Vanso, a writer who has a place in modern Korean literature. A number of autobiographical works by Pak Vanso, including “Who eat so much shingle?” the novel also exposes all the vices of the Civil War. Pak Vanso describes the negative effects of the civil war on the example of a family, while Chhve Inhun, one of the first to address the issue of civil war, reveals the problem of the nation in his work with the symbol “Square”. Although the creators have analyzed the war in different ways, the problem of a divided nation, which is a common theme in the works they write, prevails. In particular, there are three ideas in these works, and the writer reveals these ideas on the example of his family, while in the work of the writer Chhve Inhun “Square” these three ideas are represented by the symbol of three fields. “Who ate so many shingle?” The novel is based on the childhood memories of writer Pak Vanso, the novel “Square” is based on the memories of the writer Chhve Inhun’s adolescence about the war and his family, as well as the events of his military service. Both Chhve Inhun and Pak Vanso each differ in their style, but their work is united by a common theme of “war” and “division”. “Who ate so much shingle?” by Pak Vanso and “Square” which were written by the writer Chhve Inhun, are priceless works of historical value. In particular, modern Korean literature of the twentieth century is characterized by a new theme - the Civil War and its negative consequences. Every artist who has created in this period expresses the problem of the nation with his own views. In this article is analyzed the artistic interpretation of the problem of nation in work of Pak Vanso’s novel “Who ate so much shingle?” and Chhve Inhun’s novel “Square”.
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Perović, Ana. "The role of clothing in the pre-bourgeois ambience of Kersnik’s novels." Journal of Education Culture and Society 4, no. 1 (January 12, 2020): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20131.267.280.
Анотація:
The article focuses on the analysis of women’s and men’s clothing appearances in the pre-bo-urgeois ambience of Kersnik’s novels. Particular clothing items and clothing appearances indicate the presence of specifi c spiritual and social characteristics, typical for the cultural and historical environment in which the two literary works were created. The methodological approach of the analysis in terms of theory is based on general semiotic theory (Eco, Lotman), cultural semiotics (Barthes), literary theory and literary history, Lotman’s symbol theory, clothing culture, discourse analysis and Bourdieu’s theory of habitus. The article discusses separately the clothing appearan-ces of male and female characters. The descriptions of clothing appearances reveal the socio-histo-rical background of the literary works as well as many other abstract categories such as characters’ mental states, their ideologies, political beliefs, positive and negative character attributes as well as their moral virtues and vices. Clothes as part of the pre-bourgeois habitus try to establish a balance between the urban and the rural, between prestige and humility, between refi nement and coar-seness. Irony is often a result of the contrast between the physical determinants and the associate variable, i.e. the clothing. The author uses a range of various clothing appearances to characterize and mock different classes of people; the trivial conversations about fashion denote the banality of social life; the differences between the “true” bourgeoisie and those who strive to reach and fi t into that social class are already strongly indicated in the descriptions of their external appearances.
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Muturi, Elizabeth. "Effect of Post-Election Violence on the Perfomance of Tourism Industry. A Critical Literature Review." International Journal of Modern Hospitality and Tourism 1, no. 1 (September 5, 2021): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijmht.1362.
Анотація:
Purpose: A free and transparent electioneering process ideally shuns violence, 21 corruption and other vices encouraging the flourishing of economic activities including tourism leading to a vibrant tourism sector. The general objective of the study was to examine effect of post-election violence on the performance of tourism industry in Kenya.
Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.
Findings: The study concluded that election violence affects movement of people within the country, people movements are restricted during the campaigns, local and international members of the fourth estate give prominence to negative news during this period scaring both domestic and international tourist’s arrivals and that people prefer staying in familiar places and fear travelling when there is election violence.
Recommendations: The study recommends that the Kenyan security infrastructure should regain civilian confidence: by cultivating citizen-police relations to tame the prevailing account of fear and apathy. This can be worked on and transformed into more justifiable national confidence on the security agencies and a platform created for mutual engagement. This relationship is crucial in helping the security agencies in controlling crime and being able to mitigate the security challenges arising during elections. This way the tourism industry will benefit in terms of enjoying a peaceful environment before, during and after general elections in the country. Once this relationship is built on trust, the police will be able to manage effectively all issues
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Никонова, Татьяна, Tatyana Nikonova, Валерия ГУСАРОВА, Valeriya GUSAROVA, Ольга Пережогина, and Ol'ga Perezhogina. "FEATURES OF ADVENTURE TOURISM AND PROSPECTS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA." Service & Tourism: Current Challenges 11, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22412/1995-0411-2017-11-3-51-58.
Анотація:
In the last few years, the development of adventure tourism as a kind of active tourism initiatives, tourism firms have become more visible. Adventuretourism (adventure tourism) is different in originality and unusual variety of tours. It includes exotic travel, extreme sports, a specific move connected with risk and danger to life. In this regard, the article highlights the criterion of the differences of adventure tourism from other types of active travel. The authors point out the the main reasons for the popularity of adventure tourism of the article, among which are following: healthy lifestyle popularization, prestige of the activity of the pleasure, the desire of the modern tourist for new experiences and the rush of emotion, the possibility of self-realization, improving credibility and promotion in society through adventure tourism, including with help of social networks. Taking into account the growing popularity of adventure tourism in the world, the authors of the article analyzes the factors of Russia’s competitiveness for the adventure tourism development. It is revealed that strengths are rail transport infrastructure and a high level of health and hygiene. The article admits that now the development of adventure tourism in Russia is constrained by a number of negative factors to be overcome. Among them are the lack of a comprehensive look at the geography of Russia from the standpoint of the selection of adventure territories, the unsatisfactory level of tourist infrastructure of adventure, poor range and low quality of ser- vices adventure tourism, weak professional background of the staff.
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Emmanuel, Anochie Okechukwu, Nkechukwu Gabriel Chukwu, and Asiagwu Harriet. "Impact of Kidnapping and Political Instability on Investment in the Nigerian Economy." Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting 24, no. 3 (January 30, 2024): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2024/v24i31241.
Анотація:
This study investigated the impact of kidnapping and political instability on investment in Nigerian economy. To achieve this objective, relevant data used spanning from 2006-2022 were sourced from the World Bank Indicators, and Worldwide Governance Indicators for the period under review. Preliminary test were conducted and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression was the analytical tool for this study. Political stability and the Absence of Violence/Terrorism Estimate (PSAVTE) were utilized as the independent variables, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as a percentage of GDP was employed as the dependent variable. Based on the analysis, there exist a negative relationship between FDI, and PSAVTE, the F-statistic of the regression output stood at 1.082523 this implies that the regression plane is not statistically significant. Also, the Prob. (F-Statistic) 0.314615 is greater than the 0.05 level of significance implies that there is no statistical significant relationship between the variables. R2 = 0.067311 implies that about 6.73% of the total variation in the model specified was accounted for by the independent variables. FDI and PSAVTE are platykurtic. All the variables were stationary and significant at their respective values. No causality among the variables, thus, no existence of long-run relationship between the variables. In conclusion, kidnapping and political instability has adverse effect on investment, the fear of attack on business during conflict affects business decisions and the degree of investment. The study recommends that government must reduce the degree of unemployment in Nigeria, since a high level of unemployment promotes social vices, crime, and political instability.
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Timoshenko, A. A., A. V. Zuev, E. S. Mursalimov, V. V. Gribova, and A. V. Inzartsev. "Description and diagnosis of malfunctions in autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicles based on ontologies." Ontology of Designing 12, no. 3 (September 27, 2022): 310–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2223-9537-2022-12-3-310-324.
Анотація:
The paper proposes new ontologies for describing and diagnosing malfunctions of subsystems of autonomous under-water vehicles (AUVs) as part of the development of a previously created approach to the intelligent diagnosis of these vehicles using knowledge bases. To implement this approach, it is proposed to use two knowledge bases, one of which describes malfunctions, signs for their identification and actions necessary to adapt to the negative consequences caused by the appearance of these malfunctions. Another database contains information about the main subsystems of the AUVs, devices and replaceable modules, as well as the states in which they may be. Knowledge bases are used in the operation of intelligent control and emergency systems (ICES) on the AUV boards, which allow for comprehensive functional diagnostics of all subsystems of the device, including payload modules, as well as adaptation to the conse-quences of emerging malfunctions, taking into account the actual cause-and-effect relationships between them. The proposed ontologies for the indicated knowledge bases are compact, which makes it possible to use ICES on the AUV boards. To maintain up-to-date information about possible malfunctions, it is proposed to carry out continuous remote maintenance of ICES using the software Internet platform for the development and support of intelligent cloud ser-vices IACPaaS. To test the operability of ICES, its prototype was developed, which implements the functions of processing knowledge bases and developing solutions for adapting to faults. The simulation results of the prototype operation showed that ICES fulfills the assigned tasks and can be implemented on the on-board computers of existing AUVs using known programming technologies.
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Kuriata, Yuliia, and Olena Kasatkina-Kubyshkina. "STYLISTIC DEVICES IN POLITICAL DISCOURSE." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 13(81) (May 26, 2022): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2022-13(81)-27-30.
Анотація:
The article considers stylistic means in political discourse on the examples of modern and past Ukrainian and foreign politicians’ speeches. The topicality of the research is defined by social significance of political discourse in the life of the community. The term “political discourse” is determined as coherent oral or written text, expressed through both verbal and nonverbal means, which directly depends on the situation of political communication in combination with pragmatic, socio-cultural, psychological and other factors. A “figure of speech” (also called “stylistic device” or “rhetorical device”) is commented on as a modification of the usual or expected sequence of words, grammatical structure of the text, the use of any of a variety of techniques to produce an auxiliary meaning, idea, or feeling. The definitions and examples of “metaphors” (especially those related to war, sports, family, and nature), “personification”, “repetition”, “simile”, “allusion”, “synechdoche”, “hyperbole”, “emotive language”, “balance”, “inverted phrases”, “rhetorical figures” (rhetorical appeals, questions, assumptions, exclamations, statements), “gradation”, “ invective” and “poetic devices” (irony as one of the ways of comic perception of reality, which contains a hidden mockery of facts or people; satire as sharp, sensitive ridicule of vices, errors, negative phenomena of reality, a sharp, scathing mockery; sarcasm as malicious, scathing mockery, caustic irony; humour as benevolent laughter, aimed at exposing certain defects of human character or inconsistencies in people’s lives, in their behaviour; word game as a means of artistic expression that functions in language as a joke, created on the basis of polysemy, homonymy and similar sounding words) are given in the context of political discourse. “Sustained (prolonged) metaphor” is enlarged on with relation to the problem researched. Factors influencing the choice of political discourse strategies and tactics are commented on, namely – a personality of a politician and their function in the political system and the addressee of communication.
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Asukwo, Aniekan, Grace James, and Aniekan Elijah Asukwo. "Family-Related Determinants and Implications of Low Female Enrolment in Electrical Trade in Adamawa State." Middle Eastern Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences 2, no. 4 (November 4, 2021): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/mejress.v2i4.320.
Анотація:
Purpose: This study examined the perceived family-related determinants and implications of the low enrolment of female students in electrical installation and maintenance works in government science technical colleges of Adamawa State. Approach/Methodology/Design: A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consisted of 13 Electrical Installation and Maintenance Work Trade (EIMWT) teachers and 129 parents of National Technical Certificate Two (NTCII) EIMWT students (either father or mother) in three Government Science Technical Colleges of Adamawa State. The sample of the study comprised of the entire population, thus no sampling was done. A 20-item questionnaire was developed by the researcher and used for data collection. The questionnaire was validated by three lecturers from the Department of Electrical Technology Education, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Adamawa State. A reliability coefficient of 0.87 was obtained for the instrument using Cronbach Alpha. Mean was used to answer the research questions while a t-test was used to test the hypotheses. Findings: The findings of the study revealed low contribution from the female gender to family income in households and increased level of dependency of the female gender on the males in Adamawa State as major perceived family-related implications. Practical Implications: The study presents practical implications for concerned authorities to work on dismantling the negative perceptions about female education. The results suggest working closely with several institutions to raise awareness and enlighten parents and family members on the prospects of EIMWT, especially to the female gender. Originality/value: The study concludes that EIMWT is a way of investing in the education of females in view of breaking cycles of poverty and social vices that the females might be lured into.