Статті в журналах: "Necessity for investigation"

1

Amatova, Gulzina Shermamatovna. "JOURNALISTIC INVESTIGATION AND ITS NECESSITY FOR THE SOCIETY." Bulletin of Osh State University 2, no. 4 (2021): 1241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52754/16947452_2021_2_4_1241.

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2

Pawlett-Jackson, Sarah. "Hope and Necessity." European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 11, no. 3 (September 19, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24204/ejpr.v11i3.2881.

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In this paper I offer a comparative evaluation of two types of “fundamental hope”, drawn from the writing of Rebecca Solnit and Rowan Williams respectively. Arguments can be found in both, I argue, for the foundations of a dispositional existential hope. Examining and comparing the differences between these accounts, I focus on the consequences implied for hope’s freedom and stability. I focus specifically on how these two accounts differ in their claims about the relationship between hope and (two types of) necessity. I argue that both Solnit and Williams base their claims for warranted fundamental hope on a sense of how reality is structured, taking this structure to provide grounds for a basic existential orientation that absolute despair is never the final word. For Solnit this structure is one of unpredictability; for Williams it is one of excess. While this investigation finds both accounts of fundamental hope to be plausible and insightful, I argue that Williams’s account is ultimately more satisfying on the grounds that it offers a realistic way of thinking about a hope necessitated by what it is responsive to, and more substantial in responding to what is necessary.

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3

YOSHIDA, Keisuke. "K21 Necessity of Investigation on Industrial Memorial Objects in Kyushu." Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2007.60 (2007): 391–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2007.60.391.

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4

Humin, Oleksiy, Viktoriia Zarubei, and Olha Rymarchuk. "CONCERNING THE NEED FOR IMPROVEMENT OF THE METHODOLOGY OF INVESTIGATING FRAUDS AND DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS OF INVESTIGATION OF ITS INDIVIDUAL TYPES." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, no. 5 (February 11, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-5-63-66.

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Nowadays in a difficult economic situation, frauds have become widespread in Ukraine in various spheres of human life. Increase in the number and quality of such crimes leads to significant losses of financial resources not only of citizens but of the state as a whole. Therefore, an important issue for our nowadays is the study of the mechanism of rapid, complete, and effective investigation and prevention of such crimes. In Ukraine, there is an active awareness of the population about the ways of committing such crimes and creating measures to protect confidential information. However, official statistics show a significant amount of fraud and an insufficient level of their disclosure. One of the reasons is the obsolete methods of investigating fraud and the lack of methods for investigating certain types of it. The aim of the article is to analyse scientific research in order to establish a level of methodological support for law enforcement agencies in investigating fraud. Due to the fact that methodological provision of practical divisions plays the leading role in the fast, full, and effective investigation of frauds, therefore, the studied question deserves a special attention. Methodology. The author substantiates the need to improve the existing methodological recommendations because since over time they lose their content. Besides, there is the necessity to create new techniques that are not reflected in the writings of scientists in investigating various types of fraud. Based on the analysis of forensic literature, we can make a conclusion that most of the scientific works are devoted to the investigation of fraud with financial resources. Therefore, the author proposes to pay attention to other types of fraud and to formulate methodological recommendations for practical units to young and experienced scientists on the basis of their own research. Results. The concepts and types of fraud are defined in the article. Besides, the works of criminologists, which are devoted to the peculiarities of investigating such types of crimes, are analysed. The official statistics, which impresses with data on undisclosed fraud, are presented here. This once again confirms the necessity for scientific development of the mentioned problem. A particular attention is paid to the lack of proper methodological support for practical units during the investigation of such types of crimes. In this regard, the author provides corresponding suggestions that will help to improve the investigation. Practical impact. Since the fraud investigation technique helps to the most successful achievement of the objectives of criminal justice, then in order to reduce the number of undisclosed crimes, it is necessary to develop and provide practical guidance to the methodical recommendations in a timely manner. Correlation/originality. The urgent issue of nowadays is a complete, effective investigation of criminal offenses, and fraud is no exception. The improvement of the methodology for fraud investigations and the development of methods for investigating certain types of fraud is a necessary step for it.

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5

Pan, Hong. "Necessity Analysis of Tundish Heating Technology Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 2519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.2519.

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It is beneficial to keep low superheat and constant speed continuous casting with tundish heating technology which can improve the control of molten steel temperature and bloom quality. The application of tundish heating technology at home and abroad is investigated, and the temperature of molten steel and bloom quality in Panzhihua steel are analyzed. On the basis of investigation and analysis, it is necessary to apply tundish heating technology in Panzhihua steel.

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6

Malysheva, O. A. "Necessity to Reject Pre-Trial Inquiry as a Procedural Form of Investigation." Actual Problems of Russian Law 15, no. 9 (September 29, 2020): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2020.118.9.080-092.

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A comparative legal analysis of procedural forms of inquiry and preliminary investigation leads to a conclusion about their similarity, as well as the similarity of procedural statuses of an investigator and interrogator (a person conducting an initial inquiry). This shows that the State distributes forces and resources in the field of criminal justice irrationally. At the same time, the existence of two similar forms of investigation does not lead to an improvement in the legality and quality of criminal cases investigation. On the contrary, this contributes in some cases to their deterioration (reasonable timing of proceedings in criminal cases, compensation of damage caused by crimes to victims), as confirmed by the data provided in the paper. The consolidation of similar procedural forms of investigation in the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation proves that the national historical experience of the organization of investigation of crimes under the 1864 Charter of Criminal Proceedings is ignored. This means an unreasonable refusal to reform criminal proceedings, the necessity and directions of which were identified by the 1991 Concept of Judicial Reform of the RSFSR . The consequences are manifested in the narrowing of procedural guarantees of the right to protection of persons whose criminal cases are investigated in the form of an inquiry; in the forced violation of the rule of law by interrogators during investigation of criminal cases when initiating a criminal case on a non-obvious crime; in delaying proceedings in criminal cases initiated and investigated initially by interrogators and then for a number of reasons referred to investigators for further investigation, etc. These problems cannot be solved by constantly improving the legal regulation of the procedural form of inquiry. The written above testifies futility of the procedural form of inquiry, justifies the necessity of its elimination from the Russian criminal proceedings as an independent form of investigation.

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7

Jamaković, Azra. "The necessity of a modern approach to criminal investigation of organized crime." Przegląd Europejski, no. 4-2021 (March 9, 2022): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.4.21.3.

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Since organized and other forms of crime are liable to change, modernisation and adaptation to specific social conditions, this phenomenon also requires some changes, but this time in the approach used in its detection, prevention, or proof. The primary reason for the selection of this topic is to draw the attention of the scientific society to the importance of expanding existing scientific and professional knowledge in the field of the criminal investigation of organized crime. Continuous and accelerated development of organized crime should be accompanied by the simultaneous development and improvement of tactical approaches to the investigation of this socially negative phenomenon. This article is primarily aimed at pointing out the importance of continuous improvement of traditional, classical, or methods in use, but also the development of new and modern activities that are used to combat organized crime. In addition to the conceptual definition and presentation of the elements that characterise organized crime, the author emphasises the importance of modernisation or improvement of the traditional investigation approach and presents a significant contemporary approach in the criminal investigation of organized crime. There is no success and progress in combating organized crime without proactive investigation, modern technologies, intelligence gathering, and special investigative measures. It should be noted that organized crime in most cases expands its activities to two or more countries, i.e., achieves cross-border activities that require international cooperation (criminal, police, inter-agency). The value of international police cooperation is also reflected in the fact that organized crime operates across national boundaries, does not choose society or state. Accordingly, it would be much more effective for judicial, police, and other competent authorities to remove any kind of obstacles, barriers and raise up international co-operation to the highest level, to establish an effective system for combating organized crime.

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8

성윤환. "Necessity for Differentiation of Legal Nature/Concept between Formal and Preliminary Investigation." CHUNG_ANG LAW REVIEW 15, no. 1 (March 2013): 121–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21759/caulaw.2013.15.1.121.

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9

Ditter, Andreas. "The Reduction of Necessity to Essence." Mind 129, no. 514 (September 4, 2019): 351–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/fzz045.

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Abstract In ‘Essence and Modality’, Kit Fine (1994) proposes that for a proposition to be metaphysically necessary is for it to be true in virtue of the nature of all objects. Call this view Fine’s Thesis. This paper is a study of Fine’s Thesis in the context of Fine’s logic of essence (LE). Fine himself has offered his most elaborate defence of the thesis in the context of LE. His defence rests on the widely shared assumption that metaphysical necessity obeys the laws of the modal logic S5. In order to get S5 for metaphysical necessity, he assumes a controversial principle about the nature of all objects. I will show that the addition of this principle to his original system E5 leads to inconsistency with an independently plausible principle about essence. In response, I develop a theory that avoids this inconsistency while allowing us to maintain S5 for metaphysical necessity. However, I conclude that our investigation of Fine’s Thesis in the context of LE motivates the revisionary conclusion that metaphysical necessity obeys the principles of the modal logic S4, but not those of S5. I argue that this constitutes a distinctively essentialist challenge to the received view that the logic of metaphysical necessity is S5.

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10

Omelian, O. "CONCEPT AND SIGNS OF DIGITAL TRACES THAT FORM DURING CYBERCRIMES." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 65 (May 18, 2020): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.65.45.

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The article considers scientific views on terminology in the field of forensics and forensic examination for the investigation of cybercrime, as well as taking into account the specific use of information and telecommunication technologies in forensics, the validity of the term’s use “digital traces” is substantiated. The author’s definition of the concept of digital traces that are formed during the commission of cybercrimes is proposed. Its specific signs and properties are presented and analyzed as well. The necessity of using special knowledge and appropriate expert equipment to search for, detect and record digital tracks has been noted. It is emphasized the importance of the speed of detection and investigation of digital traces in the process of investigating cybercrimes. The necessity of developing the concept of digital tracks, research of new, different from traditional methods, methods and means of their detection, fixation, analysis and preservation is substantiated.

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11

Jeffrey, Richard C. "Brian Skyrms. Causal necessity. A pragmatic investigation of the necessity of laws. Yale University Press, New Haven and London1980, xii + 205 pp." Journal of Symbolic Logic 50, no. 2 (June 1985): 557–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2274251.

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12

Tagliamonte, Sali A., and Alexandra D'Arcy. "The modals of obligation/necessity in Canadian perspective." English World-Wide 28, no. 1 (March 23, 2007): 47–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.28.1.04tag.

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The modal verbs of English have been undergoing change since the Late Old English and Early Middle English periods. Recent research suggests dramatic recent developments, particularly in American English. In this paper, we focus on the encoding of obligation/necessity, which involves the layering of must, have (got) to, got to, and need to. Building on a longitudinal research program on (spoken) English dialect corpora, the present investigation examines data from a 1.5 million word corpus of the indigenous population of Toronto, Canada, the country’s largest urban centre. Variation analysis reveals that the system of obligation/necessity in this community has undergone nearly complete specialization to have to. Moreover, a comparison of these results with earlier studies suggests that the underlying system is organized differently than elsewhere. We argue that while change is sensitive to the social evaluation of forms, internal (grammatical) constraints may differ across major varieties. Canadian English appears to be on the forefront of change.

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13

Bessonov, A. "CRIME AS AN OBJECT OF INQUIRY IN RUSSIAN CRIMINALISTICS ALEKSEY BESSONOV,." BRICS Law Journal 5, no. 2 (July 4, 2018): 112–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2018-5-2-112-127.

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This article deals with the definition of the subject and objects of modern Russian criminalistics. It is aimed at sensitizing world public opinion to the necessity of inquiry into the criminalistic essence of crime and encouraging criminalists to study new techniques of crime investigation in order to mitigate risks and reduce errors arising in the criminal investigation process.One of the main objects that is constantly undergoing research in Russian criminalistics is criminal activity. The subject of Russian criminalistics is the regularities of criminal activity. When investigating crimes scientists are interested in the information that allows the successful investigation of the crimes and determination of the offender. The information about different types of crimes, which is necessary for crime investigation, is accumulated in the criminalistic characteristic of crimes. The Criminalistic Characteristic of Crimes is a scientific theory of modern Russian criminalistics that makes it possible to fully examine the specific features of crimes of all kinds, i.e. the forensic nature (essence) of crime, the system of crime elements with their characteristics, and the relationship between those elements. In U.S. and European criminalistics, the regularities of criminal activity are not defined as an object of study of this science. Yet, in the U.S. and European countries criminal profilers investigating criminal cases study the criminal links between crimes to identify crime series and crimes committed by similar offenders (or to determine co-offenders).

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14

L., Shevchenko, V. Bobrova, and V. Kalashnik. "The excitotoxic impairment of brain in patients with discirculatory encephalopathyand therapeutic correction." East European Journal of Neurology, no. 3(15) (September 20, 2018): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33444/2411-5797.2017.3(15).22-26.

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In view of the proved fact of influence of excitotoxicity on progressive course of dyscirculatory encephalopa- thy, clinical, neurophysiological investigation of the patients in dynamics of treatment with cytoflavin and cortexin. The positive clinical dynamics and partial normalization of electroencephalographic patterns were found out. Correlation analysis have proved ambiguous connection between clinical signs, focal changes in brain and therapeutic effectiveness. Results of investigation have proved the appropriateness of dyscirculatory encephalopathy therapy with cytoflavin and cortexin with the aim of inhibition of excitotoxicity. Multiplevalued connection between obtained parameters allow to assume the necessity of future investigations on this problem.

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15

Safa, Mahdi, and Lillian Hill. "Necessity of big data analysis in construction management." Strategic Direction 35, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sd-09-2018-0181.

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Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings Big data analysis in the world of construction management has become a necessity after the discovery of how much time, energy, and money can be preserved. By the investigation of big data in construction, the deduction was made that data analysis, data mining, and Building Information Modeling are the future for construction management. If properly applied to future construction management processes, big data analysis methodologies could eliminate mistakes, setbacks, and wasted resources for projects Practical implications The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

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16

Özkul, Asli. "Deontic and epistemic necessity in Turkish sign language (TİD)." Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 55, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 543–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psicl-2019-0020.

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Abstract This study investigates two flavors of the necessity modal sign NECESSARY in TİD and investigates their semantic and syntactic properties and how these properties interact. First, the modal flavors of this modal sign were identified through the contexts they occur in, based on the analysis by Kratzer (1981, 1991). Epistemic and deontic flavors of modality were searched for in the data, which was collected by spontaneous and semistructured elicitation tasks. Then, questionnaires that involve felicity and grammaticality judgment tasks were carried out to explore the semantic and syntactic properties of these modal signs in more detail. A total of 29 TİD signers participated in the data collection. The results of this investigation show that (i) NECESSARY is a necessity modal sign which has both epistemic and deontic interpretations, (ii) NECESSARY has a restricted syntactic position in a clause, (iii) non-manual markers differentiate between the epistemic and deontic interpretations of NECESSARY, which indicates that non-manual markers in TİD have both syntactic and prosodic functions.

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17

Shen, Xi Lin, and Chao Qi. "Necessity and Feasibility to Develop Circular Economy in West Regions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 1568–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.1568.

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Traditional industries have followed the simple but irreversible linear development mode --- "resources obtaining-processing and production --- waste emission", such development mode has brought such problems as resources depletion, energy shortage, ecological destruction, environment pollution, global warming, and species extinction, which has greatly threatened the survival and development of human beings. Thus, it is inevitable to explore a new economic development mode. In this paper, based on investigation and research, though reasonable thinking and systematic analysis, the basic principles for the development of circular economy to be observed have been raised, further, the necessity and feasibility to develop circular economy in west regions have been researched.

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18

Miltojević, Vesna, and Ivana Ilić-Krstić. "Sociology and climate change." Socioloski pregled 54, no. 4 (2020): 1095–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/socpreg54-28376.

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This paper showcases the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach to the examination of causes and effects of climate change, particularly the necessity of greater involvement of sociologists in the investigation of the causes and the offering of solutions to mitigate the effects. Accepting the view that present-day climate change is socially conditioned, the discussion relies on the assumption that climate change has indeed found its place in sociological research, only not to a sufficient extent. Based on the review of available literature, it was determined that the study of climate change was triggered by social ecologists and that climate change became a full-fledged subject of theoretical considerations and investigations into specific causes and effects. Since agriculture is one of the causes of climate change, the paper emphasizes the necessity of sociological research of the agricultural sector and its relation to climate change and proposes other potential research fields.

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19

Erhardt, Maximiliane, Carsten Kaschube, and Markus Menacher. "Proved Quality by Online Monitoring and Closed-Loop Control of Pin Insertion." Applied Mechanics and Materials 807 (November 2015): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.807.140.

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To provide high quality in production and assembly processes need to be controlled. This paper analyzes the effect and necessity of online monitoring and closed-loop control of pin insertion. In this investigation pin insertion is an assembly process wherein metallic pins are pressed into polymer structures. The investigations described in this paper are made at the Robert Bosch GmbH and according to their requirements towards production standards, quality and traceability.

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20

Sechin, Alexander I., Andrey Sechin, Yuliya Amelkovich, Irina Mezenceva, and Tatiyana A. Zadorozhnaya. "Investigation of Thermal Explosion Formation in Heterogeneous Systems." Key Engineering Materials 781 (September 2018): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.781.30.

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The analysis and necessity for studying of burning processes of systems formed by coal dust and methane for the purpose of development the effective activities on the enterprises of coal branch were shown. The results demonstrate the role of nonflammable components in the combustion processes of air suspension in heterogeneous systems. Also the dependence of the critical conditions creation for flame propagation in air suspension of sucrose from the average particle diameter at different temperatures of the ignition source is presented. The necessity of taking into account the experimental and methodological experience of other industries for the study of air suspension sensitivity to the initiating influence of the ignition source is explored. The requirements to the installation and methodology for studying the sensitivity of coal dust air suspension as one of the main factors preventing explosions of heterogeneous systems in the coal industry are formulated.

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21

STANCIU, Victoria. "Public internal audit – the awareness and necessity assumption. An investigation of the Romanian reality." Audit Financiar 16, no. 152 (November 2018): 544–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20869/auditf/2018/152/023.

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22

권오혁, Kiyoung Kim, 박은준, and 정성모. "Investigation into Perception and Necessity of Hair Length’s Standard Point in Hair Cut Education." Journal of Investigative Cosmetology 6, no. 2 (June 2010): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15810/jic.2010.6.2.005.

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23

Chaiyabutr, Chayada, Chanisada Wongpraparut, Norramon Charoenpipatsin, Chutipon Pruksaeakanan, and Narumol Silpa‐archa. "The necessity of antinuclear antibody investigation in pre‐phototherapy vitiligo patients: A retrospective study." Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine 36, no. 5 (April 21, 2020): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phpp.12559.

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24

Oussalah, Mourad. "On the qualitative/necessity possibility measure. (I). Investigation in the framework of measurement theory." Information Sciences 126, no. 1-4 (July 2000): 205–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-0255(00)00010-4.

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25

FOMIN, YU A., G. B. KHRISTIANSEN, and G. V. KULIKOV. "Necessity and reality of experimental investigation of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (1019÷ 1021 eV)." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 759, no. 1 (September 1995): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb17589.x.

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26

Senior, Carl, Jamie Ward, and Anthony S. David. "Representational momentum and the brain: An investigation into the functional necessity of V5/MT." Visual Cognition 9, no. 1-2 (February 2002): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13506280143000331.

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27

Dragomir, Claudiu-Sorin, and Daniela Dobre. "Supporting Actions to Increase Seismic Response in Areas with Potential for Disaster." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 906, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/906/1/012131.

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Abstract Seismic resilience of urban community is ensured also through organization and preparation of technical activities in order to build a post-seismic investigation capacity. Thus, some elements are necessary: responsible structures, competencies and specific legislative references for the management of post-earthquake response measures, at central and local level; information resources; collection and storage of information related on the existing built fund; computerized databases - creation, maintenance and management of information; organizing the keeping of the primary documents of the investigations; training of inspectors and technical staff; material resources; stocks of materials strictly necessary in the event of an earthquake for the implementation of emergency response measures; buffer spaces for sheltering persons evacuated from unsafe damaged area etc. The paper presents in this context the role of the building instrumentation before and after the incidence of severe earthquakes. An interdisciplinary investigation system in-situ and with advanced techniques of the effects on buildings with different functions, in emergencies produced by powerful earthquakes is also defined. The level reached by the research studies within NIRD URBAN-INCERC and the future premises for development in this direction will be reviewed, as a safety necessity and as a European requirement.

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28

KARPOV, S. "ANALYZING AND MANAGING HUMAN RECOURCES OF AN INVESTIGATION UNIT OF EMERCOM OF RUSSIA WHILE INVESTIGATING FIRES." Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination 3 (2021): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25257/fe.2021.3.106-112.

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Purpose. The article analyzes EMERCOM of Russia investigators’duties performance as well as issues related to investigation unit structure. The problem of determining the optimal level of unit staff, who are in charge of investigating fires, is touched upon. Enlarging service area due to forming interdistrict units does not allow ensuring timely arrival at a fire scene. This directly affects fire investigation quality and timing. Methods. On the basis of statistical and general scientific methods, a comparative study of structures of other agencies also responsible for investigating fires, is carried out. Findings. The author proposes the concept of a new structure of EMERCOM of Russia investigation unit, namely taking it out of control of State Fire Supervision. If an investigation unit is located at a considerable distance from a regional directorate of EMERCOM of Russia, it is proposed to form interdistrict investigation units in large settlements. The staff size and authority of such units should allow the person in charge to perform the functions of investigation unit head and provide assistance in investigating complicated fires in neighboring regional (interdistrict) investigation units. Research application field. The results of the study will make it possible to form the optimal structure and staff size of EMERCOM of Russia regional investigation unit. Conclusions. The article proposes a typical managerial structure of EMERCOM of Russia regional investigation unit. Changes in investigation unit structure will allow solving current problems, improving the overall level of the organization and fire investigation quality. The analysis of EMERCOM of Russia investigators’ duties performance and investigation unit structure makes it possible to conclude that there is a necessity to form an independent structure out of control of State Fire Supervision, with direct subordination to regional directorate head and being an independent structure of the Main Department of EMERCOM of Russia.

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29

Dikarev, I. S. "Body of preliminary investigation in the modern russian criminal proceeding." Juridical Journal of Samara University 7, no. 2 (October 19, 2021): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-047x-2021-7-2-63-69.

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In the modern Russian criminal proceeding the role of the head of the investigative body has increased so much that it is no longer necessary to talk about any procedural independence of the investigator. This situation is highly criticized in the legal literature and the researchers note the necessity to return the investigator to the former procedural status. According to the author of the article, the current state of the issue should not be considered problematic since in the conditions of the changed criminal procedure regulations the investigator is no longer a single body of the preliminary investigation. The preliminary investigation is carried out jointly by the investigator and the head of the investigative body, who is assigned a leading and controlling role. In fact, there are grounds to speak about the collegiality of the modern preliminary investigation. At the same time, the preliminary investigation body is currently an investigative body and therefore procedural independence should be provided not to the investigator, but to the investigative body.

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30

Plakhotnik, O. "DECISION OF THE EUROPEAN COURT ON HUMAN RIGHTS AS MANDATORY ELEMENT OF JUDICIAL CONTROLIN CRIMINAL PROCEEDING." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 64 (May 7, 2019): 284–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2019.64.25.

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The purpose of this article is opening of necessity of application of ECHR practice in the decisions of the investigating judge to increase the value of judicial control over the observance of rights, freedoms and interests of individuals in criminal proceedings. The article includes analysis of the current legislation on the definition of judicial review at the pre-trial investigation stage. Judicial control is revealed through the powers of the investigating judge in criminal proceedings. There were examined opinions of scientists in relation to determinations of judicial control and function of investigation judge on the stage of pre-trial investigation. It is possible to draw conclusion from the analysis of the last scientific researches, that expansion of scopes of judicial control in a criminal production, it is a next step to rethink the value of judicial control in criminal proceedings. Decisions taken by the investigating judge should be based on the principles of legality and rule of law. The conclusion about the need to study the application of ECHR investigating judges to strengthen the role of the court at the stage of pre-trial investigation and reduction of procedural errors that can become new ECHR judgments against Ukraine. Judicial statistics and decision of consequence judges content are analysed with the use of practice of ECHR for 2018 and beginning 2019 years. Out of analysis of judicial statistics a conclusion is made that tendency on application of practice of ECHR in 2019 is slowly, but grows. The necessity of wide use of practice of ECHR courts is examined during realization of judicial control in a criminal proceedings. The estimation is given to expansion of the list of proceedings that must be carried out with the permission of the investigating judge. It is analyzed the shortcomings of the application of the ECHR practice courts and disadvantages such as the decision by the investigating judge ruling, not under criminal procedural rules. The practice of the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court is analysed. It is given the risks of the work of the investigating judge, who can relate to undue interference in the work of law enforcement. It is noted the decision of the ECHR “Volokhi against Ukraine” dated November 2, 2006. It is concluded that the judicial review of the investigative actions should also include the application of the ECHR practice, and application of ECHR in the activities of the investigating judge at the pre-trial investigation stage is a prerequisite for respect for the rule rights in criminal proceedings and the strategic task for Ukraine. Key words: European Court of Human Rights, court control, criminal proceedings.

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31

Shim, Hyungbo, Jeong Woo Kim, and Jooyoung Park. "Investigation of the Necessity of Past Input/output Information in Reinforcement Learning based Robust Control." Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 70, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 1953–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2021.70.12.1953.

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32

Moiseev, A. M. "DIGITALIZATION OF COLLECTIONS IN FORENSIC INVESTIGATION." Vektor nauki Tol’attinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seria Uridicheskie nauki, no. 1 (2021): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2220-7457-2021-1-31-38.

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The paper considers the issue of extensive application of local expert collections in forensic expert practice. The study shows that the necessity of extensive application of such collections and other local reference-assistive means occurs due to criminalistics digitalization. The author specifies the concept of local expert collections; proposes to carry out expert collections digitalization according to the matrix principle of the object’s characteristics fixation. The study identified that the practicality of the extensive application of such collections is caused by the network approach introduction to the forensic expert activity. The author proves the applicability of semantic networks to ensure the efficiency of using expert collections. The necessity to overcome the experienced counter-acting the investigation determines the importance of extensive application of digitalized collections. The author implements the technological approach to the expert studies using the specimen copies from expert collections; proposes to support the information provision block in the forensic expert study technologies with references to the local collections stored in a cloud resource. Within the block of assignments for forensic studies, it is offered to provide an initiative comparison of an object under the study with the collection standards regarding falsification or other change in its characteristics. It provides information security measures. Such measures are the collection exchange channel duplication and block-chain technology. The paper presents a validation procedure for expert collections located in network resources of forensic expert institutions. Expert collection validation involves the research activities regarding the adequacy of their digital representation and the expert collections approval in terms of applicability for solving particular expert tasks. Complex application of expert collections represented in digital format supplies digital criminalistics with new forensic investigation resources.

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33

Yaroshenko, M. "REGULARITIES OF MENTAL MANAGEMENT SUPERIOR MOVEMENTS OF THE MUSICIAN WHILE READING NOTE FROM THE SHEET." Educational Dimension 12 (May 26, 2022): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/educdim.5612.

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As reading musical notation and its actualization of the stave are directed by man’s psychological process, there arises the necessity to control these movements.The investigation of free movements is based on a person’s image reflection o f music he is performing and this fact makes the orientated reaction its necessary functional component. Thus, the movements resulted from the actions in terms o f their orientation are viewed at deferent levels.

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34

Wang, Shih Chia. "Experimental Improvements of Accident Investigation Report." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 2620–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.2620.

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Accident investigation is critical to the success of an effective safety program. The causes of the accidents have to be determined. A proper accident investigation report will also lead to a proper determination of whether an accident was preventable or not. The purpose of this study is to adopt the advantages from aircraft accident investigation report format. The prudent report format of accident is to enhance system and system safety. This study emphasizes the importance and necessity of element through studying an accidental investigation report. The results indicate that the conclusions to be raised and the forms of safety recommendations are best in all situations.

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35

Volodin, V. V., B. P. Zagorodskikh, V. A. Markov та V. V. Furman. "Experimental investigation of gas diesel engine of К-700А tractor". Traktory i sel hozmashiny 81, № 10 (15 жовтня 2014): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65478.

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Necessity of natural gas using as alternative motor fuel is substantiated. The system of distributed gas fuel supply into combustion chamber of gas diesel engine is presented. Experimental investigations of the К-700А tractor equipped with developed fuel supply system have been carried out.

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36

Popov, Vladimir V. "Mössbauer Investigations of Grain-Boundary Diffusion and Segregation." Defect and Diffusion Forum 258-260 (October 2006): 497–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.258-260.497.

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Possibilities of grain-boundary diffusion and segregation studies using nuclear gammaresonance spectroscopy (NGR) are considered. It is shown that the results of the Mössbauer investigations testify the necessity to specify the classical Fisher’s model of grain-boundary diffusion, and a possible way of such specification is suggested. It is demonstrated that investigation of grain boundaries using emission Mössbauer spectroscopy appreciably supplement the information obtained from the diffusion profiles analysis. In particular, Mössbauer investigations make it possible to evaluate directly the grain-boundary segregation factor, to determine the grain-boundary diffusion mechanism, to estimate the rate of the diffusant pumping from a grain boundary core into the bulk, etc.

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37

Harar, R. P. S., S. Kumar, M. A. Saeed, and D. J. Gatland. "Management of globus pharyngeus: review of 699 cases." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 118, no. 7 (July 2004): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215041615092.

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The principal reason for performing investigations in patients with globus pharyngeus is to detect a pharyngeal or upper oesophageal malignancy presenting this way. There is uncertainty regarding both the necessity for investigation in globus patients and the first line investigation of choice in the screening of such patients. The authors therefore undertook a retrospective study of 699 patients who presented with globus sensation. Of these, 451 patients (64.5 per cent) had a typical history and in these patients, outpatient examination, including fibre-optic nasendoscopy was able to detect all pathologies, except one insignificant pharyngeal pouch, which required no intervention and one patient with a distal peptic stricture. In patients with atypical symptoms the combination of fibre-optic nasendoscopy and barium swallow identified all pathologies (five aerodigestive tract malignancies) except one distal peptic stricture. The authors concluded that if out-patient examination is adequate, no further investigation of typical globus symptoms is required. Such a policy would produce significant savings for both out-patient and radiology services.

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38

Kliment, Zdeněk. "The Need of a Complex Approach to the Investigation of Soil Erosion." Geografie 96, no. 1 (1991): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie1991096010037.

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39

Schroeder, Brett, Nameeta Shah, Steve Rostad, Brendan McCullough, Brian Aguedan, Greg Foltz, and Charles Cobbs. "Genetic investigation of multicentric glioblastoma multiforme: case report." Journal of Neurosurgery 124, no. 5 (May 2016): 1353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.4.jns142231.

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The authors report a case of multicentric glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in which all 4 tumor foci were resected and evaluated using both comparative genomic hybridization array and RNA sequencing. Genetic analysis showed that the tumors shared a common origin, although each had its own unique set of genetic aberrations. The authors note that the genetic heterogeneity of multicentric GBM likely contributes to the failures of current treatments. The case underscores the necessity of increased genetic investigation.

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40

Karpenko, L. G., I. G. Gataullin, R. F. Gabdrakhmanov, and A. A. Ozol. "Environmental aspects of the carcinogenic situation in developed industrial region." Kazan medical journal 81, no. 4 (February 2, 2022): 333–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj100086.

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The cancerous situation in Tatarstan Republic, in particular, the data on the disease incidence, mortality are estimated. The data on the content of some toxic substances in environment are analyzed. The necessity of studying the role of anthropogenous factors in population health formation is emphasized. The use of geochemical investigation methods in medicine is necessary to solve the topical problem to reveal the relation between environmental pollution and growth of the malignant tumor incidence.

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41

Haidar, O. V. "Current Situation of Illegal Usage of Special Expertise while Investigating Thefts." Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 94, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2021.3.20.

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Анотація:

The author of the article has studied regulatory legal acts of Ukraine that regulate the usage of special expertise while investigating secret theft of another’s property. The concepts of “an expert”, “a specialist”, “a forensic inspector” have been revealed. The role of a specialist and an expert during the pre-trial investigation has been reflected. The author has analyzed the necessity of involving persons with special expertise during the conduction of the crime scene search in criminal proceedings on the fact of thefts. The functions of the forensic inspector while conducting the crime scene search have been considered. The author has revealed the essence of expert research conducted during the the crime scene search to investigate the secret theft of another’s property. Besides, the author has distinguished specific features of conducting the expert study of individual objects of the material situation at the crime scene and the expert study of the crime scene in the whole. The relevance of trasological research during the investigation of thefts on railway transport has been highlighted. Specific features of fingerprinting of victims during the investigation of thefts of personal property on railway transport have been provided. A number of examinations have been identified that can improve the investigation of thefts from vehicle. The author has analyzed the importance of interaction between the investigator and persons with special expertise during the investigation of thefts committed on the territory of horticultural associations and country house cooperatives. The need to conduct the crime scene search after the report of pickpocketing or attempted pickpocket has been revealed. The relevance of using special expertise while investigating pickpocketing has been highlighted. The research on the involvement of specialists while conducting examinations, searches in criminal proceedings on the fact of burglaries has been analyzed. The emphasis has been placed on the objects that should be initially examined during the investigation of the secret theft of someone else’s property, combined with the penetration into the premises. The importance of involving experts and specialists while preparing and conducting an investigative experiment has been studied. The necessity of appointing a commodity examination during the pre-trial investigation by the fact of the secret theft of someone else’s property has been revealed. The author has highlighted the role of a psychologist, teacher, physician as persons with special expertise.

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42

Walker, John William. "The Importance of the Three P's in the Investigation." International Journal of Cyber Forensics and Advanced Threat Investigations 1, no. 1-3 (February 15, 2021): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.46386/ijcfati.v1i1-3.15.

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This article introduces the importance of process during the investigation and the acquisition phases of logical/physical artifacts which may be required during the course of such professional engagement. The article then focuses on the necessity to have a robust supportive framework in a state of preparedness to facilitate the First Responders and CSIRT (Computer Security Incident Response Team) with the necessary underpin to support such investigative engagements – considering effective and pragmatic Policies, Case Management, operational Security Protocols (Run-Books) and all other necessary attributes to underpin a professional, prepared posture from which a team may effectively, and robustly engage an investigation/incident. To elaborate on the importance of such an approach, we outline a number of real-world cases where ineffective processes and controls were applied. Finally, we review the essential elements of securely managing case-related data, and the absolute need to apply security mechanisms such as Certified Standards of FIPS-140-2 encryption to secure sensitive case related assets to assure they are robustly protected at all stages of their life cycle when they are in physical transit, or when they are at rest, associated with a desk-bound PC. The end objective to the entire article is to stress an absolute need to apply process to, as far as is practicable, to achieve positive conclusions from any investigation or incident which has been engaged.

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43

Feller, S. Z. "Not Actual “Necessity” But Possible “Justification”; Not “Moderate” Pressure, But Either “Unlimited” or “None At All”." Israel Law Review 23, no. 2-3 (1989): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700016733.

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1. It is not too late, even now, to welcome the appointment of the statutory commission of inquiry, headed by former President of the Supreme Court Moshe Landau, to examine the methods employed by the General Security Service (GSS) in investigating “hostile terrorist activity” (HTA). The Landau Commission Report treats a broad spectrum of subjects, and the ordinary reader, such as myself, must bear in mind that he encounters only the first part of the Report, while there is also a second, confidential part which doubtless comprises discussions, conclusions and recommendations that cast additional light upon the first part and make for its fuller understanding.Even Part One of the Report, with its references to Part Two, constitutes in and of itself a major contribution to the effort to crystallize clear legal models of conduct for the special governmental organs involved in the sensitive area of the investigation of HTA cases. Raising the subject on the public agenda, the revelation of the facts involved, and examination of the attendant problems by a commission of such standing constitute an important step toward finding appropriate solutions. Although the Commission's approach is open to dispute on some points, dispute precedes all progress, at least the dispute between the new course and its predecessor.

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44

Poordast, Tahereh, Elham Askari, Fatemeh Sadat Najib, Shaghayegh Moradialamdarloo, and Najmeh Naghizadeh. "Investigation of the Necessity of Urodynamic Test in Patients with Urinary Stress Incontinence for TOT Surgery." International Journal of Epidemiologic Research 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijer.2020.07.

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Background and aims: Stress urinary incontinence is one of the most common diseases which can reduce the quality of life in women. Urodynamic test is a common method of diagnosis of this disease. This study is designed for investigating the necessity of urodynamic test in patients with urinary stress incontinency before transobturator tape (TOT) surgery. Urodynamic test before surgery can affect the quality of life in patients. Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial. The sample size was 48 patients divided into two groups of 24 women in January 2018. Women with urinary incontinence complaints were randomly divided into two groups. For the first group, the urodynamic test was done. Both groups were evaluated one month and six months after TOT surgery based on the results of the I-QOL questionnaire. Results: The mean I-QOL score was 83.9±3.3 in questionnaire group and 81.6±4.6 in urodynamic group one month after surgery with no statistically significant (P=0.052) difference. The quality of life score after 6 months was 87.2±4 in the questionnaire group and 85.4±3 in the urodynamic group with no statistically significant differences with each other (P=0.084). Conclusion: In this study, the urodynamic test only had additional information related to lower urinary tract symptoms and it did not have effects on improving the outcome of the surgery. The test only imposes economic burden. Therefore, the urodynamic test is not required before surgery in patients with urinary stress incontinence

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45

Soda, Hiroshi, Hiroshi Tomita, Midori Soda, and Shigeru Kohno. "Necessity of and Problems in Survival Investigation for Lung Cancer Screening -Linkage to a Cancer Registry-." Haigan 52, no. 6 (2012): 961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2482/haigan.52.961.

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46

Kim, Wha-Soo, Ji-Woo Lee, and Han-Na Yang. "Investigation of The Necessity and Needs of Preschool Children for Non-face-to-face Speech Rehabilitation." Korea Journal of Child Care and Education 127 (March 31, 2021): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37918/kce.2021.3.127.67.

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47

Chaisumritchoke, Suntharee T. "Improving ‘Consumer Protection’ with Buddhist Ethics: Necessity, Possibility and Challenge." MANUSYA 10, no. 1 (2007): 11–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01001002.

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This article primarily aims to draw attention to the concept of consumer protection in health care and the drug regulatory system. Consumer protection originated in the Western tradition and later it became a consumer protection model adopted by countries all over the world. However, it has been challenged when consumers have encountered the various unethical drug marketing strategies of the pharmaceutical industry. Modern advertising and aggressive drug marketing have considerably contributed to and stimulated mixed feelings of greed, fear and delusion so that consumers’ minds have become weak and vulnerable. Meanwhile, the minds of physicians and the drug regulators have been more or less influenced. National drug regulatory systems have been inevitably undermined. Consequently, this concept needs to be reexamined and improved. Overall, the article provides a theoretical investigation of two fundamental moral principles of consumer protection, one based on Western ethics as the foundation of the original concept and the other a new approach applied from the principles of Buddhism. This article is designed to discuss the advantages and limitations of a moral foundation to the concept for consumer protection and to propose possible Buddhist ways of improvement, particularly in strengthening the mind in order to prevent patients, consumers, physicians, regulators, producers and others related to the drug regulatory system from mind manipulation by consumerism in a consumer society.

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48

Matsumoto, Mika, Michiteru Ohtani, Hiroko Majima, Michihiro Namiki, Satoru Kariya, and Katsuyoshi Uchino. "Investigation of a Previously Described Method for the Necessity of the Hepatic and Renal Functions in Package Inserts and Propose Improvements of Recognized Necessity in these Checks." Iryo Yakugaku (Japanese Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences) 28, no. 5 (2002): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5649/jjphcs.28.450.

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49

Zhu, Ning, Qi Gao, Wen Guo Wang, Yun Bai, and Da Yong Jiang. "The Investigation on Strategies of Urban Three-Dimensionalization." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 2394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2394.

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Urban development is facing the problems，such as the scarcity of resources of urban space and the deterioration of urban ecological environment，the theory of Three-dimensional city is an effective way to solve the urban problems. Through introducing the developed process and advantages of three-dimensional city, the necessity and targeting of three-dimensional city can be summarized, meanwhile, the major strategies of three-dimensional city are emphasized：enhancing the legislative exploration of three-dimensional city; constructing three-dimensional traffic system of city; promoting the construction of complex of city and especially highlighting the application of ecological technology in the process of three-dimensional city.

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50

МАШИНСКАЯ, Наталья Викторовна. "EFFECTIVENESS OF PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION: CRITERIA AND PROBLEMS OF PROVISION." Вестник Московской академии Следственного комитета Российской Федерации, no. 4(30) (December 15, 2021): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54217/2588-0136.2021.30.4.014.

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Актуальность затронутой проблематики обусловлена отсутствием единства подходов к определению критериев эффективности предварительного расследования в теории и практике уголовного судопроизводства, а следовательно, оценки процессуальной деятельности следователя и дознавателя. В статье обосновывается необходимость выделения двух критериев: правового и организационно-управленческого, предлагается авторское мнение относительно их содержания. The problem of ensuring the effectiveness of the preliminary investigation is one of the most controversial in the domestic criminal procedure doctrine and court practice. The article justifies the necessity of identifying two criteria - legal and organizational managerial, and offers the author's opinion on their content.

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