Статті в журналах: "Naturally Occurring Asbestos"

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Yoon, Sungjun, Kyubong Yeom, Yongun Kim, Byungno Park, Jaebong Park, Hyesu Kim, Hyeonyi Jeong, and Yul Roh. "Management of Naturally Occurring Asbestos Area in Republic of Korea." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 26, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2287.

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ABSTRACT The Republic of Korea Government has adopted a whole-of-government approach in the management of naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) through a nationwide asbestos management plan. Regional and detailed mapping, and examination of NOA effects are still ongoing for NOA management by indoor air, noise and asbestos management division, Ministry of Environment. Plans by the Korea Rail Network Authority are under way to rebuild the Janghang double-track railway. The proposed Jannghang double-track railway route is through an area of high NOA probability that has serpentine and ultramafic rock. Chrysotile, tremolite, and actinolite asbestos were among the rocks identified within the project site (initial planning line and the operational design line). The level of asbestos in most soils was low (≤0.25 percent), while some soils contained 0.75 percent asbestos. Monitoring and analyses of air quality revealed below 0.01 fibers per cm3 (f/cc). However, there were no traces of asbestos detected in the groundwater and stream water. Despite the low asbestos content of the soil and rock, the disturbance of NOA-containing soils and rocks during railway construction could trigger the release of asbestos fibers into the air. NOA mitigation plans and measures are necessary for workers and residents during the construction of the railway.

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Cagnard, Florence, and Didier Lahondère. "Naturally Occurring Asbestos in France: Geological Mapping, Mineral Characterization, and Technical Developments." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 26, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2277.

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ABSTRACT In France, asbestos was banned by national decree (no. 96-1133) in 1996. The regulatory texts and standards adopted to implement this ban are concerned primarily with asbestos-containing manufactured products and are difficult to apply to asbestos-bearing natural materials (i.e., rocks and soils). Considering problems related to asbestos-bearing natural materials, the French Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, and Energy has mandated the French Geological Survey to map locations where asbestos-bearing rocks are found. Mapping was prioritized to geological domains where naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) was predictable (e.g., the Western Alps and Corsica). These studies integrated field expertise, sampling, and laboratory analysis data to characterize the potential of geological units to contain NOA. Additionally, studies were conducted on geological formations exploited to produce aggregates. These studies were focused on quarries excavating massive, basic or ultrabasic rocks likely to contain NOA and quarries mining alluvium likely to contain asbestos-bearing rock pebbles. These studies highlight the difficulty of establishing robust analytical procedures for natural materials. The distinction between cleavage fragments (resulting from the fragmentation of non-asbestos particles) and proper asbestos fibers is particularly problematic for laboratories. Thus, a recent study by the National Agency for Health Safety, Food, Environment, and Work recommends applying the asbestos regulation to elongated mineral particles (length/depth > 3:1, length > 5 μm, depth < 3 μm) with chemical composition corresponding to one of the five regulated amphibole species regardless of their mode of crystallization (asbestiform or non-asbestiform). The upcoming regulatory changes are part of a decree published in 2017, including the prior identification of asbestos in natural soils or rocks likely to be impacted by ground-disturbing construction activities. Specific protocols will be defined for sampling, analysis, and characterization of natural materials that may contain asbestos.

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Harper, Martin. "10th Anniversary Critical Review: Naturally occurring asbestos." Journal of Environmental Monitoring 10, no. 12 (2008): 1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b810541n.

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Pathak, Arvind, Manbir Giri, Bishnu Pokhrel, and Manoj Nidhi Wagle. "Identification of Asbestos Content in Bulk Materials Imported in Nepal." Scientific World 13, no. 13 (August 4, 2020): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v13i13.30481.

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The bulk materials include the construction materials such as plaster sand gravel and cement as well as raw materials. Asbestos is the naturally occurring magnesium silicate mineral fibers which has high tensile strength, flexibility and resistance to chemicals, high temperature and stress; this is why it has been considered and used in bulk materials. These mineral fibers are needle shaped and can stick to lung tissue when inhaled and cause inflammation and serious health problems such as asbestosis, mesothelioma and lung cancer or internal fibrosis. It can be detected by simple microscopic method using mineral acid and heat treatment. The method would help in quality analysis of asbestos fiber and save from asbestos induced disease and to develop alternative materials of asbestos fiber material.

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Bloise, Andrea, Rosalda Punturo, Robert Kusiorowski, and Dolores Pereira Gómez. "Editorial for Special Issue “Mineral Fibres”." Fibers 7, no. 6 (June 13, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7060054.

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Pierdzig, Stefan. "Regulations Concerning Naturally Occurring Asbestos (NOA) in Germany—Testing Procedures for Asbestos." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 26, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2278.

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ABSTRACT In Germany, potential asbestos-containing rocks are used as raw materials for a number of engineering applications. These rocks are ultrabasites (dunite, harzburgite), igneous rocks (basalt, gabbro, norite), and metasomatic or metamorphic rocks like talcum, greenschist and amphibolite. Based on the German Gefahrstoffverordung (Hazardous Substances Ordinance), regulatory statutes exist for operations using these rocks and resultant composites and products. The authorities state that in Germany no natural rocks exist with more than 0.1 mass-% of one of the six regulated asbestos minerals. But it is well known that there are rocks with a high modal concentration of these minerals with a non-asbestiform, columnar to prismatic habitus. Under mechanical stress during handling, they can lead to fibrous cleavage fragments, which conform to the World Health Organization (WHO) “respirable asbestos fiber” definition. In view of this fact, the regulations changed in 2009, with revision of the Technical Rules for Hazardous Substances (TRGS) 517: any fibrous asbestos particles, regardless of whether or not they represent naturally occurring asbestos or are of cleavage origin, are evaluated for potential hazards associated with handling of these rocks. If the WHO fiber concentration is <0.1 mass-%, rocks and products can be used and re-used under protective measures. At concentrations >0.1 mass-%, the material is considered hazardous waste. These regulations apply to many industrial sectors that exploit and process rocks, using them in road building and track construction and when they are recycled. Analysis (by scanning electron microscopy, SEM/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, EDS) to determine the asbestos concentration of rocks, gravels, or dusts is carried out in the <100-µm, grain-size fraction produced by sieving or grinding. The results provide a representation of a worst-case examination of the air quality during mechanical treatment of these materials. Workplace monitoring is done by air sampling to survey an exposure limit of 10,000 fibers/m3 of air (0.01 f/cc).

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Bloise, Andrea, Claudia Ricchiuti, Eugenia Giorno, Ilaria Fuoco, Patrizia Zumpano, Domenico Miriello, Carmine Apollaro, Alessandra Crispini, Rosanna De Rosa, and Rosalda Punturo. "Assessment of Naturally Occurring Asbestos in the Area of Episcopia (Lucania, Southern Italy)." Fibers 7, no. 5 (May 16, 2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7050045.

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Over the last few years, the risk to human health related to asbestos fiber exposure has been widely demonstrated by many studies. Serpentinites are the main rocks associated with naturally occurring asbestos (NOA). In order to investigate the presence of NOA, a mineralogical study was conducted on eleven serpentinite samples collected nearby the village of Episcopia (Lucania, Southern Italy). Various analytical techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) were used to determine the occurrence of asbestos minerals and to make morphological observations. Results pointed out that all of the samples contain asbestos minerals (e.g., tremolite, actinolite and chrysotile). Moreover, it was observed that both natural processes and human activity may disturb NOA-bearing outcrops and provoke the formation of potentially inhalable airborne dust causing the release of asbestos fibers into the environment, thereby increasing the risk to human health. For this reason, our study aims to highlight the requirement of a natural asbestos survey and periodic update in the area.

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Epting, Shane. "Affordable Housing in Regions with Naturally Occurring Asbestos." Environmental Justice 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/env.2019.0027.

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Baietto, Oliviero, and Paola Marini. "Naturally occurring asbestos: Validation of PCOM quantitative determination." Resources Policy 59 (December 2018): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2018.06.006.

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Lee, R. J., B. R. Strohmeier, K. L. Bunker, and D. R. Van Orden. "Naturally occurring asbestos—A recurring public policy challenge." Journal of Hazardous Materials 153, no. 1-2 (May 2008): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.11.079.

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Jung, Joon Sig, In Keun Shim, Hyen Sung Jung, Kyu Mok Lee, Seong Mi Kim, Myung Hee Kwon, and Hyen Mi Chung. "A study of asbestos risk at some naturally occurring asbestos areas, Korea." Journal of Odor and Indoor Environment 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15250/joie.2018.17.4.330.

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Solbes, Eduardo, and Richart W. Harper. "Biological responses to asbestos inhalation and pathogenesis of asbestos-related benign and malignant disease." Journal of Investigative Medicine 66, no. 4 (January 6, 2018): 721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2017-000628.

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Asbestos comprises a group of fibrous minerals that are naturally occurring in the environment. Because of its natural properties, asbestos gained popularity for commercial applications in the late 19th century and was used throughout the majority of the 20th century, with predominant use in the construction, automotive, and shipbuilding industries. Asbestos has been linked to a spectrum of pulmonary diseases, such as pleural fibrosis and plaques, asbestosis, benign asbestos pleural effusion, small cell lung carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and malignant mesothelioma. There are several mechanisms through which asbestos can lead to both benign and malignant disease, and they include alterations at the chromosomal level, activation of oncogenes, loss of tumor suppressor genes, alterations in cellular signal transduction pathways, generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and direct mechanical damage to cells from asbestos fibers. While known risk factors exist for the development of asbestos-related malignancies, there are currently no effective means to determine which asbestos-exposed patients will develop malignancy and which will not. There are also no established screening strategies to detect asbestos-related malignancies in patients who have a history of asbestos exposure. In this article, we present a case that highlights the different biological responses in human hosts to asbestos exposure.

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Lucci, Federico, Giancarlo Della Ventura, Alessandra Conte, Manuela Nazzari, and Piergiorgio Scarlato. "Naturally Occurring Asbestos (NOA) in Granitoid Rocks, A Case Study from Sardinia (Italy)." Minerals 8, no. 10 (October 10, 2018): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8100442.

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All six minerals defined as “asbestos” by the existing regulation on asbestos hazard, i.e., actinolite, tremolite, anthophyllite, crocidolite and amosite amphiboles, and the serpentine-group mineral chrysotile are typical constituents of mafic and ultramafic magmatic rocks of ophiolitic sequences. However, little is known about the presence and distribution of naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) in plutonic felsic rocks. The Isadalu magmatic complex outcropping in central Sardinia and belonging to the post-variscan Permian volcanic cycle, is described here as an interesting occurrence of fibrous amphiboles in granitoid rocks. Field work and collected mineralogical/petrological data show that NOA fibers from the Isadalu complex belong compositionally to the actinolite-tremolite series. They were generated by metasomatic growth on pristine magmatic hornblende, at ca. 470 °C at 1 kbar, during sodic-calcic hydrothermal alteration. In terms of environmental hazard, the Isadalu complex represents a high-value case study, since the actinolite-bearing felsic rocks outcrop in a strongly anthropized area. Here, towns with local and regional strategic infrastructures (dams, pipes, hydroelectric power plants, water supply, roads) have been developed since the last century, also using the granitoid asbestos-rich stones. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that NOA and relative hazard are not univocally connected to a restricted typology of rocks. This result should be taken into account in any future work, procedure or regulation defining asbestos occurrences in natural environments.

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Léocat, Erell. "Naturally Occurring Asbestos in France: A Technical and Regulatory Review." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 26, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2254.

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ABSTRACT Naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) has been a well-known issue within rock quarries for a long time. In France, the subject has recently become more controversial, particularly since 2013. In fact, some mineral fibers with the chemical composition of regulated asbestos (i.e., actinolite) have been discovered in road-base aggregates and associated air filter samples. The main problem concerns the determination of the asbestiform versus non-asbestiform character of such mineral particles. The in-force standard based on the morphological identification of a fiber does not allow one to make this distinction. Presently, in France, the asbestos analysis of building material is based on a “yes” or “no” result. This method has limitations for analyzing NOA, as NOA may be present in lower concentrations in natural materials, especially in road-base aggregates. The health effects of the non-asbestiform particles, also called “cleavage fragments,” with fiber morphology are not well established. The French government mandated the National Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety to conduct a review on the “state of the art” concerning the cleavage fragment issue. The conclusions of the report highlight the fact that elongate mineral particles (EMPs) are up for debate and address remaining questions concerning this subject. The next fundamental step is to secure agreement on the terminology of EMPs with the aim of comparing the studies in different disciplines.

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Belluso, Elena, Alain Baronnet, and Silvana Capella. "Naturally Occurring Asbestiform Minerals in Italian Western Alps and in Other Italian Sites." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 26, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2276.

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ABSTRACT The natural occurrence of asbestos (NOA) in rocks and soil has been known for many years in several areas of the world, differently from the natural presence of asbestiform minerals. In Italy, the mapping of NOA is mandatory according to the 2001 and 2003 regulations. An investigation, not yet concluded, has revealed that in Italy, NOA is represented by chrysotile and tremolite asbestos with minor amounts of actinolite asbestos and anthophyllite asbestos. A field survey conducted in the Italian Western Alps (IWA), dealing with the natural occurrence of asbestiform minerals non-asbestos classified and not regulated, started many years ago and is still ongoing. It revealed that the following kinds of asbestiform silicates are present (in decreasing order of frequency): asbestiform polygonal serpentine and asbestiform antigorite, asbestiform diopside, asbestiform carlosturanite, asbestiform forsterite, asbestiform sepiolite, asbestiform balangeroite, and asbestiform talc. The asbestiform non-silicates brugnatellite and brucite have been rarely detected. Outside the IWA, asbestiform zeolite (erionite and offretite), asbestiform sodium amphibole (fluoro-edenite), and a few other asbestiform silicates have been also detected. For some asbestiform minerals, the identification is problematic and needs the use of transmission electron microscopy combining imaging at high magnification and electron diffraction and chemical data. This investigation is particularly important to distinguish four kinds of asbestiform minerals (antigorite, polygonal serpentine, carlosturanite, and balangeroite) from chrysotile since only the last one is regulated. The issue is much more complicated by the intergrowth of different fibrous species on the submicrometer scale.

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Goldsmith, D. F., M. Dellarco, and M. A. Greer. "Risks and Precautionary Policies Related to Naturally Occurring Asbestos." Epidemiology 18, Suppl (September 2007): S154—S155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000276803.31086.4f.

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Gualtieri, Alessandro F. "Naturally Occurring Asbestos: A Global Health Concern? State of the Art and Open Issues." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 26, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2271.

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ABSTRACT Naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) is a global public health issue because minerals that may be classified as asbestos are a common constituent of certain types of rock and soil, found in many regions on every continent. Disturbance of these rocks and soils, especially through construction activities, can result in airborne particles, leading to inhalation and risk of disease from these known human carcinogens. The presence of NOA in the environment affects all the human activities aimed at its modification, and all engineering/geological actions in the natural environment should take it into account. In the presence of NOA, specific procedures for sampling, evaluation of environmental risk, and monitoring should be applied to minimize the risk of exposure for the workers and the general public. Unfortunately, detailed procedures have been lacking to date, and consensus is difficult to achieve because basic issues, such as the definition of asbestos itself, are still open and being debated by scientists and regulators. While the term “asbestos” has been used in older geological publications, it is not currently defined by geologists. For the past century, “asbestos” was a commercial term used to describe minerals mined for specific purposes, and the term then entered the legal lexicon for purposes of control and compensation. All these basic matters are critically illustrated in the article. Finding clear and universally accepted definitions is mandatory; otherwise, there will continue to be controversial positions that can cause regulatory and legal issues and the outcome of lawsuits to be very subjective.

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Kwon, Jiwoon. "Impact of Naturally Occurring Asbestos on Asbestos Ban: Regulations and Experience of the Republic of Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020742.

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This review examined the main issues debated in Korea regarding the production and use of materials containing naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) as impurities, and investigated the impacts of these debates on the asbestos ban, as well as the future implications. In Korea, incidents associated with the production and use of NOA-contaminated talc powders, construction rocks, serpentinites, and dolomite rocks raised public concern and led to accelerating the ban on asbestos. The main controversies concern policies on appropriate asbestos content limits, whether materials containing a trace amount of NOA should be banned, and the control of materials with high human exposure risk. To address recurring controversies, the implementation of preventive measures to manage elongated mineral particles and the use of transmission electron microscopy for more sensitive analysis need to be discussed, along with reaching social agreement on the controversial policies. To minimize the potential exposure to asbestos that may occur during the production and use of industrial minerals in the future, it is necessary to apply occupational exposure control measures and monitor the health effects of the relevant population groups. These national policies on NOA should be prepared based on close collaboration and discussion with policymakers, industry stakeholders, and related academic experts.

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Ledda, Caterina, Chiara Costa, Serena Matera, Beatrice Puglisi, Valentina Costanzo, Massimo Bracci, Concettina Fenga, Venerando Rapisarda, and Carla Loreto. "Immunomodulatory effects in workers exposed to naturally occurring asbestos fibers." Molecular Medicine Reports 15, no. 5 (March 24, 2017): 3372–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6384.

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Bailey, R. Mark. "Overview of Naturally Occurring Asbestos in California and Southwestern Nevada." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 26, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2282.

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ABSTRACT Naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) is being discovered in a widening array of geologic environments. The complex geology of the state of California is an excellent example of the variety of geologic environments and rock types that contain NOA. Notably, the majority of California rocks were emplaced during a continental collision of eastward-subducting oceanic and island arc terranes (Pacific and Farallon plates) with the westward continental margin of the North American plate between 65 and 150 MY BP. This collision and accompanying accretion of oceanic and island arc material from the Pacific plate onto the North American plate, as well as the thermal events caused by emplacement of the large volcanic belt that became today's Sierra Nevada mountain range, are the principal processes that produced the rocks where the majority of NOA-bearing units have been identified.

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Buck, Brenda J., Dirk Goossens, Rodney V. Metcalf, Brett McLaurin, Minghua Ren, and Frederick Freudenberger. "Naturally Occurring Asbestos: Potential for Human Exposure, Southern Nevada, USA." Soil Science Society of America Journal 77, no. 6 (October 14, 2013): 2192–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.05.0183.

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Lee, Jieun, Chungsik Yoon, Seunghon Ham, and Perng-Jy Tsai. "Optimal Treatment Condition for Changing Characteristics of Naturally Occurring Asbestos." Aerosol and Air Quality Research 15, no. 6 (2015): 2332–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2015.02.0108.

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Jung, Joon-sig, Hyun-sung Jung, Ju-yeong Lee, Woo-seok Lee, Oh-sang Kwon, and Seong-mi Kim. "A Study of Asbestos Characteristics and Correlation of Environmental Factors in Naturally Occurring Asbestos Areas." Journal of The Korean Society of Living Environmental System 22, no. 5 (October 31, 2015): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.21086/ksles.2015.10.22.5.639.

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Pan, Xue-lei, Howard W. Day, Wei Wang, Laurel A. Beckett, and Marc B. Schenker. "Residential Proximity to Naturally Occurring Asbestos and Mesothelioma Risk in California." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 172, no. 8 (October 15, 2005): 1019–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200412-1731oc.

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Brodkin, Carl Andrew, John R. Balmes, Carrie A. Redlich, and Mark R. Cullen. "Residential Proximity to Naturally Occurring Asbestos: Health Risk or Ecologic Fallacy?" American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 173, no. 5 (March 2006): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.173.5.573.

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Schenker, Marc, Howard Day, Laurel Beckett, and Xuelei Pan. "Residential Proximity to Naturally Occurring Asbestos: Health Risk or Ecologic Fallacy?" American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 173, no. 5 (March 2006): 573a—574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.173.5.573a.

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Kim, Jeong-Wook, Myung-Chae Jung, Dong-Jin Kim, Gee-Seok Jeon, and Chang-Hwan Lee. "Effective Strategies for Investigation and Management of Naturally Occurring Asbestos Areas." Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment 16, no. 6 (December 31, 2011): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7857/jsge.2011.16.6.010.

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Culley, M. R., J. Zorland, and K. Freire. "Community responses to naturally occurring asbestos: implications for public health practice." Health Education Research 25, no. 5 (July 19, 2010): 877–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyq039.

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Tanoue, L. T. "Residential Proximity to Naturally Occurring Asbestos and Mesothelioma Risk in California." Yearbook of Pulmonary Disease 2007 (January 2007): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3452(08)70351-7.

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Lee, Seungho, Dongmug Kang, Youngki Kim, Yoon-Ji Kim, and Se-Yeong Kim. "Activity-Based Exposure Levels and Cancer Risk Assessment Due to Naturally Occurring Asbestos for the Residents Near Abandoned Asbestos Mines in South Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 5225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105225.

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This study aims to evaluate the overall asbestos exposure intensity and assess the health risk to residents due to naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) near abandoned asbestos mines in South Korea. Of 38 mines, we found 19 with measured concentrations of NOA. We evaluated the average of airborne NOA concentrations according to the environmental exposure category. When evaluated regionally by dividing into two clusters, the mean concentrations in activity-based sampling (ABS) scenarios exceeded the Korean exposure limit (0.01 f/cc) in both clusters. Moreover, airborne NOA concentrations in agricultural activity (5.49 × 10−2 f/cc) and daily activity (6.95 × 10−2 f/cc) had the highest values for clusters A and B, respectively. The excess lifetime cancer risk of one region (cluster A) by the ABS scenarios did not exceed the Korean Ministry of the Environment’s criteria for soil purification (1 × 10−4). However, one of the ABS scenarios—the daily life activity of clusters centered on Chungcheongbuk-do (cluster B)—showed an exposure of 1.08 × 10−4, greater than the limit (1 × 10−4). This indicates non negligible health damage to residents living near the abandoned asbestos mines, and it is necessary to continuously monitor and clean up the asbestos contamination.

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Winters, Charlene A., and Sandra W. Kuntz. "A Comparison of Environmental Concerns in Two Disparate Montana and Nevada Communities." Annual Review of Nursing Research 38, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.38.113.

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Asbestos refers to six fibrous minerals that occur naturally in the environment in the United States and throughout the world. Deposits may be found in soil, rocks, and deposits of other minerals such as vermiculite and talc. These naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) minerals belong to the serpentine and amphibole family of minerals. This chapter reports shared components of community-driven environmental concerns related to exposure to NOA in a rural Montana and a suburban Nevada community. The specific aim is to establish an understanding of the community and community member's primary concern(s) related to NOA in both communities. The knowledge that NOA is commonly found in areas across the United States supports the need for additional research into the health effects of environmental exposure and best-practices to reduce exposure risk while allowing communities to thrive economically.

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Cavallo, Alessandro, and Jasmine Rita Petriglieri. "Naturally Occurring Asbestos in Valmalenco (Central Alps, Northern Italy): From Quarries and Mines to Stream Sediments." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 26, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2270.

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ABSTRACT The Valmalenco area (central Alps, northern Italy) is an excellent case study for naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) because of the huge outcrops of serpentinites and widespread quarrying and mining activities. Extensive sampling of rocks, soils, stream sediments, and airborne asbestos has been in progress since 2004. The combined use of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy has proven to be effective for the correct discrimination between asbestiform and non-asbestiform mineralogical varieties (but falling into the World Health Organization fiber definition), whereas phase contrast microscopy has not proven suitable because of the very small size of fibrils after strong mechanical fragmentation. The quantitative analysis of “massive” samples (rocks, soils, and sediments) requires accurate and representative sampling as well as specific counting and discrimination criteria to determine NOA. Over a decade of experience has allowed us to identify critical issues and adopt effective preventive measures.

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Cyphert, Jaime M., Marie A. McGee, Abraham Nyska, Mette C. Schladweiler, Urmila P. Kodavanti, and Stephen H. Gavett. "Long-term toxicity of naturally occurring asbestos in male Fischer 344 rats." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 79, no. 2 (January 17, 2016): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2015.1099123.

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34

Nowak, Dennis, Barbara Schmalfeldt, Andrea Tannapfel, and Sven Mahner. "Asbestos Exposure and Ovarian Cancer – a Gynaecological Occupational Disease. Background, Mandatory Notification, Practical Approach." Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 81, no. 05 (May 2021): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1361-1715.

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AbstractIn 2017, ovarian cancer due to asbestos exposure was designated a new, and thereby the first, gynaecological occupational disease in Germany. Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral fibre with an annual usage in Germany of 160 000 – 180 000 metric tonnes in the 1960s and 1970s. The carcinogenicity of asbestos for the target organs lungs, larynx, pleura including pericardium, and peritoneum including tunica vaginalis testis has been clearly established for many years. Recent meta-analyses of data from cohort studies have demonstrated that the risk of ovarian cancer roughly doubles in women with occupational exposure to asbestos. Since the group of people with double the risk of developing lung cancer due to work-related asbestos exposure has a 2.25-fold increased risk of mortality from ovarian cancer on average, work-related ovarian cancer has been assigned the same recognition requirements as in occupational lung (and laryngeal) cancer. Thus, gynaecologists must obtain a thorough history of occupational exposure to asbestos, even if it may have taken place long in the past. The law mandates that suspected such cases must be reported to the Statutory Accident Insurance carrier or the State Occupational Safety and Health Agency.

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35

Militello, Gaia M., Elisa Sanguineti, Adrián Yus González, Federico Mantovani, and Laura Gaggero. "The Concentration of Asbestos Fibers in Bulk Samples and Its Variation with Grain Size." Minerals 9, no. 9 (September 6, 2019): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9090539.

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The aim of this work was to establish whether asbestos fibers homogeneously occur in the different fractions ground from naturally occurring asbestos lithotypes, and to calculate the contribution of fibers from each fraction to the overall concentration in the sample. Serpentinite, metabasalt, calc-schist, clay, debris material, and soil, were addressed. Grain size fractions below 20 mm were sieved at 2 mm and 0.106 mm; they were then were mechanically milled to obtain powders below 0.106 mm. The three powdered fractions were characterized using a scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy following M.D. 06/09/94. The still in use (in some cases), Italian normative M.D. 161/2012 specifies that analyses must be performed on the <2 mm fraction and the concentration (mg/kg) correlated with the weight of the whole sample <20 mm. However, the fiber counts yielded asbestos concentrations 50–60% lower compared with total asbestos analyses according to the new R.P.D. 120/2017. Consequently, there is a need to standardize the normative worldwide regulations for the management of asbestos-containing materials, by re-evaluation of sample preparation and quantification of asbestos.

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36

Barlow, Christy A., Trisha F. Barrett, Arti Shukla, Brooke T. Mossman, and Karen M. Lounsbury. "Asbestos-mediated CREB phosphorylation is regulated by protein kinase A and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 292, no. 6 (June 2007): L1361—L1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00279.2006.

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Asbestos is a ubiquitous, naturally occurring fiber that has been linked to the development of malignant and fibrotic lung diseases. Asbestos exposure leads to apoptosis, followed by compensatory proliferation, yet many of the signaling cascades coupled to these outcomes are unclear. Because CREs (Ca2+/cAMP-response elements) are found in the promoters of many genes important for regulation of proliferation and apoptosis, CREB (CRE binding protein) is likely to play an important role in the development of asbestos-mediated lung injury. To explore this possibility, we tested the hypotheses that asbestos exposure leads to CREB phosphorylation in lung epithelial cells and that protein kinase A (PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) are central regulators of the CREB pathway. Persistent CREB phosphorylation was observed in lung sections from mice following inhalation of crocidolite asbestos. Exposure of C10 lung epithelial cells to crocidolite asbestos led to rapid CREB phosphorylation and apoptosis that was decreased by the inhibition of PKA or ERK1/2 using the specific inhibitors H89 and U0126, respectively. Furthermore, crocidolite asbestos selectively induced a sustained increase in MAP kinase phosphatase-1 mRNA and protein. Silencing CREB protein dramatically reduced asbestos-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, yet significantly increased the number of cells undergoing asbestos-induced apoptosis. These data reveal a novel and selective role for CREB in asbestos-mediated signaling through pathways regulated by PKA and ERK1/2, further providing evidence that CREB is an important regulator of apoptosis in asbestos-induced responses of lung epithelial cells.

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37

Hernandez, Daniel W. "Does Exposure to Naturally Occurring Asbestos (NOA) During Dam Construction Increase Mesothelioma Risk?" Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 26, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2291.

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ABSTRACT The Calaveras Dam Replacement Project, a major construction project completed in 2019, involved hundreds of workers using heavy earth-moving equipment and mining operations, including blasting, drilling, rock crushing, and other operations designed to move millions of cubic yards of earth. Much of the material was composed of serpentinite, blueschist, and other rocks that contain chrysotile and a variety of amphibole minerals, including glaucophane, winchite, actinolite, tremolite, and other asbestos-related amphiboles. This article explores the unique characteristics of the blueschist that required extensive protective measures to be undertaken by the contractor to protect workers and surrounding sensitive receptors. This article will provide an overall summary of the dimensional characteristics of the airborne blueschist elongate mineral particles encountered during construction activities to compare and contrast current understanding of cleavage fragments versus asbestiform mineral fibers.

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Jeong, Yongsik, Jaehyung Yu, Lei Wang, Huy Hoa Huynh, and Hyun-Cheol Kim. "Monitoring Asbestos Mine Remediation Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imaging System: A Case Study of Jefferson Lake Mine, US." Remote Sensing 14, no. 21 (November 4, 2022): 5572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215572.

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This study investigated an asbestos mine restoration project using Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) hyperspectral data. The distribution of an abandoned asbestos mine (AAM) and treatment area were analyzed before and after the remediation based on the spectral indices for detecting naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) indicators and encapsulation. The spectral indices were developed for NOA, host rock, and encapsulation by logistic regression models using spectral bands extracted from the random forest algorithm. The detection models mostly used VNIR spectra rather than SWIR and were statistically significant. The overall accuracy of the detection models was approximately 84%. Notably, the detection accuracy of non-treated and treated areas was increased to about 96%, excluding the host rock index. The NOA index detected asbestos in the mine area as well as those in outcrops outside of the mine. It has been confirmed that the NOA index can be efficiently applied to all cases of asbestos occurrence. The remote sensing data revealed that the mine area was increased by ~5% by the remediation, and the treatment activity reduced asbestos exposure by ~32%. Moreover, the integrative visualization between the detection results and 3D high-resolution images provided an intuitive and realistic understanding of the reclamation project.

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39

Bailey, R. Mark, and Sarah Kalika. "Foreword to the Environmental & Engineering Geoscience Special Edition on Naturally Occurring Asbestos." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 26, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-26-01-07.

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40

Holmes, Emma P., and L. M. (Les) Lavkulich. "The effects of naturally occurring acids on the surface properties of chrysotile asbestos." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 49, no. 12 (July 29, 2014): 1445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2014.928558.

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Campopiano, Antonella, Annapaola Cannizzaro, Angelo Olori, Federica Angelosanto, Maria Rosaria Bruno, Francesco Sinopoli, Biagio Maria Bruni, Francesco Casalinuovo, and Sergio Iavicoli. "Environmental contamination by naturally occurring asbestos (NOA): Analysis of sentinel animal lung tissue." Science of The Total Environment 745 (November 2020): 140990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140990.

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42

Jung, Haemin, Joodo Shin, Yumi Kim, Jaebong Park, and Yul Roh. "Mineralogical Characteristics of Naturally Occurring Asbestos (NOA) at Daero-ri, Seosan, Chungnam, Korea." Economic and Environmental Geology 47, no. 5 (October 28, 2014): 467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.9719/eeg.2014.47.5.467.

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43

Turci, Francesco, Chiara Avataneo, Serena Botta, Igor Marcelli, Luca Barale, Maura Tomatis, Roberto Cossio, Sergio Tallone, Fabrizio Piana, and Roberto Compagnoni. "New Tools for the Evaluation of Asbestos-Related Risk during Excavation in an NOA-Rich Geological Setting." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 26, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2272.

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ABSTRACT The presence of naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) in many areas worldwide requires an enhanced geological risk evaluation to ensure workplace safety from asbestos during large construction projects. Due to the complexity of the geological risk definition, health and safety regulations for working with asbestos-bearing materials are often not enforceable in NOA settings. Therefore, to correctly estimate the risk of NOA in these scenarios, new procedures are urgently needed to provide (1) a detailed geological model representative of the possible presence of the asbestos, (2) representative sampling, and (3) a reliable quantitative determination of asbestos content in rocks. This work aims to discuss the improvements on the two latter points specifically developed during the design of the “Gronda di Genova” project, a 50-km-long tunnel bypass partially designed in the NOA-bearing meta-ophiolites of the Ligurian Alps and ophiolites of the northern Apennines in Italy. Implementation of Gy's theory on sampling was used to maintain statistical validity during sample processing from the primary sample to the analytical sample and is here described. The scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy procedure for the quantification of NOA was improved with an error analysis delivering the minimum number of fibers to be measured to achieve the best analytical results.

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44

Wakabayashi, John. "Clastic Sedimentary Rocks and Sedimentary Mélanges: Potential Naturally Occurring Asbestos Occurrences (Amphibole and Serpentine)." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 26, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2267.

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ABSTRACT Petrography of mélange matrix and clastic sedimentary rocks in coastal California reveals the occurrence of detrital serpentine and detrital asbestiform sodic amphibole (glaucophane). Many sandstones of the Franciscan Complex have small amounts of detrital serpentine, with amounts of up to several percent in some cases. Detrital amphibole, including asbestiform glaucophane, is also present in some sandstones. Whereas rare sandstones have so much detrital glaucophane that they appear blue in hand specimen (up to nearly half of the rock volume), most glaucophane-bearing sandstones lack blue color, and the detrital glaucophane is not apparent in hand specimen. Most of the occurrences of detrital glaucophane are in blueschist facies sandstones, some of which also contain neoblastic (grew in place) glaucophane, but a notable exception is a widespread prehnite-pumpellyite facies unit that crops out primarily in Sonoma and Marin Counties. The detrital mineralogy of sandstones mirrors the block and matrix compositions of Franciscan mélanges that can be thought of as scaled-up equivalents of these clastic sedimentary rocks (mega-conglomerates/sedimentary breccias). Franciscan mélanges range from having a detrital siliciclastic to a detrital serpentinite matrix, and interfingering and gradation of the two matrix types is common. These findings suggest that clastic sedimentary rocks associated with current or past active orogenic settings else-where in the world may contain naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) even if the NOA component minerals are not visible in hand specimen.

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45

Piana, F. "Direct and indirect assessment of the amount of naturally occurring asbestos in fractured rocks." BOLETÍN GEOLÓGICO Y MINERO 131, no. 3 (September 2020): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.131.3.002.

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46

Punturo, Rosalda, Claudia Ricchiuti, and Andrea Bloise. "Assessment of Serpentine Group Minerals in Soils: A Case Study from the Village of San Severino Lucano (Basilicata, Southern Italy)." Fibers 7, no. 2 (February 25, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7020018.

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Naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) is a generic term used to refer to both regulated and un-regulated fibrous minerals when encountered in natural geological deposits. These minerals represent a cause of health hazard, since they have been assessed as potential environmental pollutants that may occur both in rocks and derived soils. In the present work, we focused on the village of San Severino Lucano, located in the Basilicata region (southern Apennines); due to its geographic isolation from other main sources of asbestos, it represents an excellent example of hazardous and not occupational exposure of population. From the village and its surroundings, we collected eight serpentinite-derived soil samples and carried out Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Derivative Thermogravimetric (DTG) and Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (TEM-EDS), in order to perform a detailed characterization of serpentine varieties and other fibrous minerals. Investigation pointed out that chrysotile and asbestos tremolite occur in all of the samples. As for the fibrous but non-asbestos classified minerals, polygonal serpentine and fibrous antigorite were detected in a few samples. Results showed that the cultivation of soils developed upon serpentinite bedrocks were rich in harmful minerals, which if dispersed in the air can be a source of environmental pollution.

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47

Epting, Shane. "Infrastructure, Urban Sprawl, and Naturally-Occurring Asbestos: An Ontological Thought Model for Wicked and Saving Technologies." Open Philosophy 3, no. 1 (August 17, 2020): 389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opphil-2020-0133.

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AbstractRecently, geologists in Southern Nevada discovered new deposits of naturally occurring asbestos and microscopic fibers in rocks and soil. The danger is that inhaling them can lead to mesothelioma. One problem is that this rare cancer often takes decades to manifest. This discovery abruptly stalled a highway project near Las Vegas. Due to this condition, management developed numerous protocols to keep workers safe. Using this case as a “thought model,” the author challenges an established way of categorizing kinds of technologies as they relate to the concept of being. In turn, this thought model reveals that climate change alters the conditions for being, as recognized in the literature. Advancing this conversation requires that we must reclassify some technologies and develop a categorization for those that reflect a different way of thinking as it concerns being.

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Villamizar, Guillermo Antonio, and José Ricardo Navarro-Vargas. "Asbestos in Colombia: Industry versus science and health." Revista de la Facultad de Medicina 67, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v67n4.77744.

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The usefulness of an industrial product must be measured both in economic profitability and product safety terms, and the social benefit it represents. In the case of asbestos, due to its harmful effects on human health, its use, handling and production has been banned in high-income countries thanks to the efforts carried out by their oversight bodies. Worldwide, the industrial use of this mineral has been associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, hence the importance of denouncing the health effects of asbestos.Asbestos is a term used to refer to six naturally occurring silicate minerals that are used in the manufacture of building materials, such as asbestos–cement, and automotive components, including brake linings and brake pads; however, it has been proved that inhaling asbestos microscopic fibers can lead to the development of lung diseases (pneumoconioses) and cancer. In many cases, these diseases are caused by a short occupational or environmental exposure to it, but their clinical manifestation occurs several years after the first time of exposure.The main objective of this paper is to reflect on the hazards related to the use of asbestos and to influence public health policies addressing this problem in Colombia, so that by means of the newly adopted law banning the use of this mineral in our country, significant progress is made in aspects such as the identification and the monitoring of people who were exposed to it, and the handling, removal and final disposal of materials containing asbestos.

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Røe, Oluf Dimitri, and Giulia Maria Stella. "Malignant pleural mesothelioma: history, controversy and future of a manmade epidemic." European Respiratory Review 24, no. 135 (February 28, 2015): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09059180.00007014.

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Asbestos is the term for a family of naturally occurring minerals that have been used on a small scale since ancient times. Industrialisation demanded increased mining and refining in the 20th century, and in 1960, Wagner, Sleggs and Marchand from South Africa linked asbestos to mesothelioma, paving the way to the current knowledge of the aetiology, epidemiology and biology of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Pleural mesothelioma is one of the most lethal cancers, with increasing incidence worldwide. This review will give some snapshots of the history of pleural mesothelioma discovery, and the body of epidemiological and biological research, including some of the controversies and unresolved questions. Translational research is currently unravelling novel circulating biomarkers for earlier diagnosis and novel treatment targets. Current breakthrough discoveries of clinically promising noninvasive biomarkers, such as the 13-protein signature, microRNAs and theBAP1mesothelioma/cancer syndrome, are highlighted. The asbestos history is a lesson to not be repeated, but here we also review recentin vivoandin vitrostudies showing that manmade carbon nanofibres could pose a similar danger to human health. This should be taken seriously by regulatory bodies to ensure thorough testing of novel materials before release in the society.

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Chung, Sook-Nye, Ji-Sung Kim, Ki-Kyo Lim, Sun-Jeong Won, Won Lee, Kwang-Rae Kim, Jin-Ho Shin, and Yong-Seung Shin. "Morphology and Size Distribution of Naturally Occurring Asbestos using TEM in Landscape Rock in Parks." Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology 24, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.24.1.35.

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