Статті в журналах: "NATURAL SOLUTION"

1

Comyns, Alan E. "A natural solution." Focus on Catalysts 2005, no. 4 (April 2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1351-4180(05)00879-2.

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2

Hui, Qian, and Li Peiyue. "Mixing Corrosion of CaCO3in Natural Waters." E-Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 3 (2011): 1124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/891053.

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The methods of aqueous speciation calculation, pH calculation and the solubility (precipitability) calculation of CaCO3were used to study the mixing corrosion of CaCO3in natural waters. Mixing processes were done between two unsaturated (with CaCO3) solutions, two oversaturated solutions and between an unsaturated solution and an oversaturated solution, respectively. Results show that the mixing corrosion can be divided into two different levels: mixing corrosion in strict sense and mixing corrosion in broad sense. When mixing corrosion occurs, the HCO3-concentration in one end member solution is usually higher than that in the other solution, and the Ca2+concentration in the former solution is also usually higher than that in the latter one.

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3

Bates, Jo. "Natural reflex, simple solution." Dental Nursing 14, no. 8 (August 2, 2018): 378–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denn.2018.14.8.378.

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4

Lyon, Stuart. "A natural solution to corrosion?" Nature 427, no. 6973 (January 2004): 406–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/427406a.

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5

DAINTON, BARRY. "Natural evil: the simulation solution." Religious Studies 56, no. 2 (July 10, 2018): 209–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412518000392.

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AbstractThat natural evils are plentiful in our world is impossible (plausibly) to deny. Why would a benevolent and all-powerful God allow such an obviously imperfect world to be created? I argue that the problem of evil in this form only seems serious and intractable because our science and technology are currently at comparatively primitive levels. Civilizations whose technological capabilities are significantly more advanced than our own will be able to create artificial worlds of their own in a variety of different ways. Given the very real possibility of world-makers who are non-divine, the problem posed by natural evil is very much diminished.

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6

Kistan, A. "Fluoride Adsorption from Aqueous Solution Using Natural Adsorbents Such As Centella Asiatica." Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology Research 5, no. 8 (September 30, 2022): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-7247/091.

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In this study carried out by means of photo-colorimetry using the SPANDS indicator at 620 nm to adsorb Fluoride ion from aqueous solution. The influence of pH was studied by altering the pH from 2 to 12 using a 0.1 Molar concentration of HCl & NaOH solution using 10 ppm Fluoride concentration of as an initial point a kinetic investigation was conducted at pH 6.90 0.10 at various time intervals. The adsorption isotherm was investigated at pH of 6.90 by changing the initial fluoride concentration from 5 to 50 mg / L. The skills of 4 different isotherms used such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Redlich-Peterson adsorption isotherms were examined. To elucidate the mechanism of fluoride adsorption on the surface of the adsorbent, the kinetic model's pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intra-particle diffusion, and Elovich models are employed to examine the current adsorption data to determine the related kinetic parameters. Lastly, the effects of a number competing for ions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, PO43-, Ca2+ and Mg2+) were detected using, 20 - 200 mg / L solution at pH 6.90 ± 0.10 over 1 hr. SEM, XRD, and FT-IR techniques were used to investigate the surface morphology and size distribution of the natural adsorbent for fluoride adsorption (Centella Asiatica). The impact of adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH, co-ions, initial fluoride concentration, and shaking speed Centella Asiatica was determined and clearly reported

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7

Ruijgrok, Elisabeth. "Natural solutions versus technical solutions." Research in Urbanism Series 7 (February 18, 2021): 261–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/rius.7.137.

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‘Building with Nature’ solutions seem like a logical alternative to technical solutions. Working with nature instead of against it might save civil engineering costs. But will it also generate additional civil engineering benefits? Typical engineering benefits are related to flood prevention, transportation and sand mining. Both technical and natural solutions can produce these benefits. Natural solutions, however, may produce additional ecosystem benefits. These are rarely accounted for in investment decisions about engineering projects. This is not surprising as there are no rules stating that and how these benefits should be calculated. The Netherlands is the first country in Europe to install a national guideline for monetising ecosystem benefits within cost-benefit analyses in the public sector. This article shows how this guideline provides a systematic approach to prevent both over- and under-estimations of ecosystem benefits. The key to this approach is to make a distinction between goods and services that directly generate welfare while linking those to conditional functions that indirectly generate welfare. This approach is applied to flood defence in the Scheldt estuary in Belgium. It resulted in benefit estimates that were large enough to compensate for the extra cost of natural solutions. Taking ecosystem benefits into account influenced the flood protection decision of the national government: the natural ‘inundation areas’-solution was preferred to the technical solution of ‘dyke heightening’.

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8

Allouch, Amena, Lyn Jaber, and Rim Nasser. "Regulated Natural Solution Containing Calcium Ions." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 9, no. 1 (January 24, 2019): p8588. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.9.01.2019.p8588.

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9

Behl, Shubhangi. "GINGIVAL HERBAL DEPIGMENTATION: A NATURAL SOLUTION??" International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 06 (June 30, 2022): 1039–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14983.

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A smile not only enhances the beauty of an individual, it also boosts ones selfconfidence. Many factors such as lip position, tooth position, its morphology along with gingival tissue, attribute to the harmony of a beautiful smile. Gingival tissuehealth,color and contour are important components affecting an attractive smile. Amongst the gingival tissue, unsightly pigmented gingiva is of important concern for unpleasant smile. There are some prime pigments which contribute to the color of the gingiva. They are melanin, carotene, reduced hemoglobin and oxy-Hemoglobin. However, excessive melanin synthesis by active melanocytes (Unicellular dendritic cells) residing in the basal and suprabasal cell layers of the epithelium1cause its excessive deposition and unesthetic appearance of the gingiva. Various techniques have been developed to treat gingival hyperpigmentation2,3,4.However due to certain limitations of these techniques and due to growing demand for better aesthetics, many advances have been made to improve this untoward appearance. In this review we are planning to discuss and explore the herbal treatment modalities which can be appliedfor hyperpigmented gingiva with less potential of having side effects.

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10

Chirita, Paul, Mircea Preda, and Olimpia Rusu. "NATURAL PYRRHOTITE DISSOLUTION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION." SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 10, no. 11 (December 20, 2002): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.v10.n11.2002.14_2002.pdf.

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The effects of some metal (II) ions on the natural pyrrhotite dissolution in hydrochloric acid solutions were studied Our results suggest that the rate of pyrrhotite dissolution increases in the presence of Sn2+ ion. Ions like Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+, zn2+ do not appear to have any effect on pyrrhotite dissolution in hydrochloric acid solutions. The magnitude of the activation energy (23.31 kJ mol-1) is in agreement with a mechanism controlled by a diffusion process.

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11

Azadur Rahman, M. "Kuril Flyover – Elegant by Natural Solution." IABSE Symposium Report 104, no. 36 (May 13, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137815815773828.

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12

Craig, Jennifer P. "A natural solution to dry eye?" Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology 36, no. 2 (March 2008): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2008.01708.x.

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13

Koloskov, G. "Closed natural splines: An effective solution." Applied Mathematics and Computation 177, no. 1 (June 2006): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2005.10.041.

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14

Sepehri, S., M. Heidarpour, and J. Abedi-Koupai. "Nitrate removal from aqueous solution using natural zeolite-supported zero-valent iron nanoparticles." Soil and Water Research 9, No. 4 (November 10, 2014): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/11/2014-swr.

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A report on the synthesis and characterization of nanoscale zero-valent iron in the presence of natural zeolite as a stabilizer is presented. This novel adsorbent (Ze-nZVI) was synthesized by the sodium borohydride reduction method. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the stabilized nZVI particles were uniformly dispersed across the zeolite surface without obvious aggregation. The synthesized Ze-nZVI material was then tested for the removal of nitrate from aqueous solution. The effect of various parameters on the removal process, such as initial concentration of nitrate, contact time, initial pH, and Ze-nZVI dosage, was studied. Batch experiments revealed that the supported nZVI materials generally have great flexibility and high activity for nitrate removal from aqueous solution. The nitrogen mass balance calculation showed that ammonium was the major product of nitrate reduction by Ze-nZVI (more than 84% of the nitrate reduced); subsequently the natural zeolite in Ze-nZVI removed it completely via adsorption. The kinetic experiments indicated that the removal of nitrate followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The removal efficiency for nitrate decreased continuously with an increase in the initial solution pH value and Ze-nZVI dosage but increased with the increase in the initial concentration of nitrate. The overall results indicated the potential efficacy of Ze-nZVI for environmental remediation application.

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15

Budianta, Wawan, Adinda Ardiana, and Norma Dian Andriyani. "The removal of lead by natural zeolite." E3S Web of Conferences 200 (2020): 06012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020006012.

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This study aimed to evaluate the ability of natural zeolite samples obtained from Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia in the removal of lead (Pb) in solutions. This study included mineralogical characterization as well as a batch test in the laboratory with parameters including grain size, the mass of natural zeolite sample, pH, and initial concentration of the solution. The results of mineralogical characterization showed that the natural zeolite sample have varied constituent on mineral components and relatively have high cation exchange capacity (CEC). The results of the batch test showed that the adsorption behavior depends on the mass of the zeolite sample which the increasing of the sample mass will increase the adsorption capacity. The results of the following batch testing showed that the variations in grain size had a limited effect on the adsorption capacity and the effect of the pH of the solution being a significant parameter. The results of the following batch test also showed that the increasing initial concentration of Pb solution caused a decrease in adsorption capacity. In general, natural zeolite samples in the study area have sufficient adsorption capacity as adsorbent material for Pb solution.

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16

Li, Q., and M. Elimelech. "Natural organic matter fouling and chemical cleaning of nanofiltration membranes." Water Supply 4, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2004): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2004.0114.

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Fouling and subsequent chemical cleaning are two important issues for sustainable operation of nanofiltration (NF) membranes in water quality control applications. Because fouling strongly depends on the feed water quality, especially the ionic composition, chemical cleaning solutions should be chosen to target the solution chemistry that is most responsible for the formation of a compact, high resistance fouling layer. In this study, the effect of solution chemistry on natural organic matter (NOM) fouling of two NF membranes with different surface properties was investigated. Compared to monovalent cations, divalent cations were found to greatly enhance NOM fouling by complexation. Moreover, calcium ions caused a much greater fouling rate than magnesium ions, presumably due to the intermolecular bridging formed among NOM molecules through the calcium ions. Various chemical cleaning solutions were evaluated for water flux recovery efficiency. Although both deionized water and dilute NaOH solution were found effective in cleaning membranes fouled in the absence of calcium ions, efficient chemical cleaning in presence of calcium was achieved only when the calcium ion bridging was eliminated. The cleaning efficiency was shown to be highly dependent on solution pH and the concentration of the chemical cleaning agent.

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17

Macreadie, Peter I., Micheli D. P. Costa, Trisha B. Atwood, Daniel A. Friess, Jeffrey J. Kelleway, Hilary Kennedy, Catherine E. Lovelock, Oscar Serrano, and Carlos M. Duarte. "Blue carbon as a natural climate solution." Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 2, no. 12 (November 1, 2021): 826–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00224-1.

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18

Valašková, Veronika, and Jozef Melcer. "Bridge Natural Frequencies, Numerical Solution versus Experiment." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (February 8, 2022): 1765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031765.

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The article is dedicated to a numerical and experimental analysis of the basic natural frequencies of a bridge structure. It presents the results obtained using the finite element method and the frequency response functions applied in two variants, using the lumped mass model and the model with a continuously distributed mass, as well as the results obtained using the energy method. It describes a simple experiment to measure the response of a bridge to random excitations from rail traffic, and compares the values of selected natural frequencies obtained by numerical and experimental methods. It offers engineers alternative solutions for their applications in engineering practice. It tries to bring a complicated theory closer to engineering practice in the simplest possible way and, at the same time, arouses interest in its deeper study.

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19

Howarth, Michelle, Alistair Griffiths, Anna da Silva, and Richard Green. "Social prescribing: a ‘natural’ community-based solution." British Journal of Community Nursing 25, no. 6 (June 2, 2020): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2020.25.6.294.

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This paper discusses social prescribing as part of the wider NHS England universal personalised care model, and it describes how community nurses can engage with social prescribing systems to support community resilience. A case study based on the example of gardening, as a nature-based social prescription provided by the RHS Bridgewater Wellbeing Garden, is provided to illustrate the scope, reach and impact of non-medical, salutogenic approaches for community practitioners. The authors argue that social prescribing and, in particular, nature-based solutions, such as gardening, can be used as a non-medical asset-based approach by all health professionals working in the community as a way to promote health and wellbeing. They consider how the negative impact of social distancing resulting from COVID-19 restrictions could be diluted through collaboration between a holistic, social prescribing system and community staff. The paper presents a unique perspective on how community nurses can collaborate with link workers through social prescribing to help combat social isolation and anxiety and support resilience.

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20

Anuta, A. E. "A natural solution to the modal equations." Computers & Structures 44, no. 6 (September 1992): 1371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(92)90378-d.

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21

Stevenson, David. "A Natural Solution Catching Rain in Guatemala." Opflow 34, no. 3 (March 2008): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8701.2008.tb01971.x.

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22

Casas, J. A., та C. Muñoz. "A natural solution to the μ problem". Physics Letters B 306, № 3-4 (червень 1993): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(93)90081-r.

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23

Abdelhakim Mebrouki, Redha Rebhi, Mokdad Hayawi Rahman, Giulio Lorenzini, Younes Menni, Houari Ameur, and Hijaz Ahmad. "Thermosolutal Convection of Natural and Anti-Natural Solutions Through an Angled Cavity Under Cross Gradients in Temperature and Concentration." CFD Letters 15, no. 5 (March 16, 2023): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.15.5.97119.

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In the current study, cross-temperature and concentration gradients are used to model the in a binary fluid contained in an angled square cavity. Using a method, the , , and conservation equations were numerically solved. The inclined cavity under equal solutal buoyancy and thermal forces was the subject of the study . Since the horizontal components of the thermal and singular volume forces were equal but opposed to one another, an equilibrium solution for this situation that corresponds to the rest state of the immobile fluid is feasible. However, this equilibrium solution becomes unstable above a specific critical value of the , leading to vertical density stratification inside the enclosure. The results are shown using the and as well as the and for the flow intensity. The existence of the commencement of convection is demonstrated in this work, and both natural and anti-natural flow solutions are obtained. Subcritical convection has also been seen for the natural solution when the is more or less than unity. For the start of supercritical and subcritical convection, the number's critical values are identified. As the climbed, so did the flow's intensity and the rates at which heat and mass were transferred. Reducing flow intensity and accelerating mass transfer are the results of raising the . Different flow patterns are shown for an aspect ratio of 4, and the existence interval of the oscillatory solutions is calculated.

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24

Simovic, L., and W. J. Snodgrass. "Natural Removal of Cyanide in Gold Milling Effluents - Evaluation of Removal Kinetics." Water Quality Research Journal 20, no. 2 (May 1, 1985): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1985.023.

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Abstract Research using synthetic solutions was conducted to examine factors influencing the natural removal of cyanides from gold mill lagoons. Factors examined included: pH, temperature, ultraviolet irradiation and degree of aeration. Temperature was the principal factor affecting the rate of cyanide loss from solution. UV irradiation had some effect while the effect of aeration was limited. The dominant mechanism for cyanide removal from solution was volatilization. Cyanide degradation was found to follow a first order reaction with respect to free cyanide and metallo-cyanide complexes of Zn, Ni, Cu and Fe. Data from each single metallo-cyanide solution were fitted to a mathematical model which considered volatilization of free cyanide, dissociation of the metallo-cyanide species, and one cyanide complex per metal. The best estimates of the rate constants found for the single metallo-cyanide solutions were used to simulate the removal characteristics of cyanide in a synthetic mixed solution of four metals. The coefficient of determination ranged from 0.93 to 0.99 for model predictions fitted to data from single metallo-cyanide solutions. Estimates for volatilization coefficients varied widely with some of the variation resulting from data which did not completely describe the decay process. The simulation of cyanide removal from the synthetic mixed solution suggested the need to recalibrate the model or to examine the formation of more than one metallo-cyanide species.

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25

Saha, S. C. "Natural convection from a Plane Vertical Porous Surface in Non Isothermal." Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control 9, no. 2 (April 25, 2004): 151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/na.2004.9.2.15164.

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In this paper, laminar natural convection flow from a permeable and isothermal vertical surface placed in non-isothermal surroundings is considered. Introducing appropriate transformations into the boundary layer equations governing the flow derives non-similar boundary layer equations. Results of both the analytical and numerical solutions are then presented in the form of skin-friction and Nusselt number. Numerical solutions of the transformed non-similar boundary layer equations are obtained by three distinct solution methods, (i) the perturbation solutions for small ξ (ii) the asymptotic solution for large ξ (iii) the implicit finite difference method for all ξ where ξ is the transpiration parameter. Perturbation solutions for small and large values of ξ are compared with the finite difference solutions for different values of pertinent parameters, namely, the Prandtl number Pr, and the ambient temperature gradient n.

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26

Paolucci, S., and D. R. Chenoweth. "Natural Convection in Shallow Enclosures With Differentially Heated Endwalls." Journal of Heat Transfer 110, no. 3 (August 1, 1988): 625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3250538.

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We consider a low-aspect-ratio two-dimensional rectangular cavity, differentially heated with an arbitrarily large horizontal temperature difference. Steady-state results obtained from numerical solutions of the transient Navier-Stokes equations are given for air using the ideal gas law and Sutherland law transport properties. We clarify the different flow regimes possible by using numerical results for aspect ratios 0.025 ≤ A ≤ 1 and for Rayleigh numbers (based on height) 102 ≤ Ra ≤ 109. We present Nusselt numbers, and temperature and velocity distributions, and compare them with existing data. At high Ra in the Boussinesq limit we show the existence of weak secondary and tertiary flows in the core of the cavity. In addition we present novel solutions in the non-Boussinesq regime. We find that the classical parallel flow solution, accurate in the core of the cavity in the Boussinesq limit, does not exist when variable properties are introduced. For higher Rayleigh numbers, we generalize the well-known analytical boundary layer solution of Gill. The non-Boussinesq solutions show greatly reduced static pressure levels and lower critical Rayleigh numbers.

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27

Agarwal, Ravi P., Fatemah Mofarreh, Rasool Shah, Waewta Luangboon, and Kamsing Nonlaopon. "An Analytical Technique, Based on Natural Transform to Solve Fractional-Order Parabolic Equations." Entropy 23, no. 8 (August 21, 2021): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23081086.

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This research article is dedicated to solving fractional-order parabolic equations using an innovative analytical technique. The Adomian decomposition method is well supported by natural transform to establish closed form solutions for targeted problems. The procedure is simple, attractive and is preferred over other methods because it provides a closed form solution for the given problems. The solution graphs are plotted for both integer and fractional-order, which shows that the obtained results are in good contact with the exact solution of the problems. It is also observed that the solution of fractional-order problems are convergent to the solution of integer-order problem. In conclusion, the current technique is an accurate and straightforward approximate method that can be applied to solve other fractional-order partial differential equations.

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28

Griscom, Bronson W., Justin Adams, Peter W. Ellis, Richard A. Houghton, Guy Lomax, Daniela A. Miteva, William H. Schlesinger, et al. "Natural climate solutions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 44 (October 16, 2017): 11645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1710465114.

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Better stewardship of land is needed to achieve the Paris Climate Agreement goal of holding warming to below 2 °C; however, confusion persists about the specific set of land stewardship options available and their mitigation potential. To address this, we identify and quantify “natural climate solutions” (NCS): 20 conservation, restoration, and improved land management actions that increase carbon storage and/or avoid greenhouse gas emissions across global forests, wetlands, grasslands, and agricultural lands. We find that the maximum potential of NCS—when constrained by food security, fiber security, and biodiversity conservation—is 23.8 petagrams of CO2 equivalent (PgCO2e) y−1 (95% CI 20.3–37.4). This is ≥30% higher than prior estimates, which did not include the full range of options and safeguards considered here. About half of this maximum (11.3 PgCO2e y−1) represents cost-effective climate mitigation, assuming the social cost of CO2 pollution is ≥100 USD MgCO2e−1 by 2030. Natural climate solutions can provide 37% of cost-effective CO2 mitigation needed through 2030 for a >66% chance of holding warming to below 2 °C. One-third of this cost-effective NCS mitigation can be delivered at or below 10 USD MgCO2−1. Most NCS actions—if effectively implemented—also offer water filtration, flood buffering, soil health, biodiversity habitat, and enhanced climate resilience. Work remains to better constrain uncertainty of NCS mitigation estimates. Nevertheless, existing knowledge reported here provides a robust basis for immediate global action to improve ecosystem stewardship as a major solution to climate change.

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29

Ingilab Orujova, Shafa. "COMPETITIVE SOLUTION THEORIES IN THE NATURAL MONOPOLY MARKETS AND OPTIMAL PRICING METHODS IN THEIR REGULATION." SCIENTIFIC WORK 53, no. 04 (February 28, 2020): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/aem/2007-2020/53/135-138.

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30

Patel, Rahila, M. M. Raghuwanshi, and Latesh Malik. "Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm with Strategies for Dying of Solution." International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation 5, no. 1 (January 2014): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaec.2014010105.

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Genetic Algorithm (GA) mimics natural evolutionary process. Since dying of an organism is important part of natural evolutionary process, GA should have some mechanism for dying of solutions just like GA have crossover operator for birth of solutions. In nature, occurrence of event of dying of an organism has some reasons like aging, disease, malnutrition and so on. In this work we propose three strategies of dying or removal of solution from next generation population. Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) takes decision of removal of solution, based on one of these three strategies. Experiments were performed to show impact of dying of solutions and dying strategies on the performance of MOGA.

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31

LEVIN, SIMON A., SCOTT BARRETT, SARA ANIYAR, WILLIAM BAUMOL, CHRISTOPHER BLISS, BERT BOLIN, PARTHA DASGUPTA, et al. "Resilience in natural and socioeconomic systems." Environment and Development Economics 3, no. 2 (May 1998): 221–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x98240125.

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We, as a society, find ourselves confronted with a spectrum of potentially catastrophic and irreversible environmental problems, for which conventional approaches will not suffice in providing solutions. These problems are characterized, above all, by their unpredictability. This means that surprise is to be expected, and that sudden qualitative shifts in dynamics present serious problems for management. In general, it is difficult to detect strong signals of change early enough to motivate effective solutions, or even to develop scientific consensus on a time scale rapid enough to allow effective solution. Furthermore, such signals, even when detected, are likely to be displaced in space or sector from the source, so that the motivation for action is small. Conventional market mechanisms thus will be inadequate to address these challenges.

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32

Ehrhard, Peter, and Ulrich Müller. "Dynamical behaviour of natural convection in a single-phase loop." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 217 (August 1990): 487–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112090000817.

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A one-dimensional model is derived for natural convection in a closed loop. The physical model can be reduced to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations of the Lorenz type. The model is based on a realistic heat transfer law and also accounts for a non-symmetric arrangement of heat sources and sinks. A nonlinear analysis of these equations is performed as well as experiments to validate the model predictions.Both the experimental and the analytical data show that natural convection in a loop is characterized by strong nonlinear effects. Distinct subcritical regions are observed in addition to a variety of stable steady flow regimes. Thus, in certain ranges of the forcing parameter the flow stability depends significantly on the presence of finite perturbation amplitudes. An absolutely unstable range also exists which is characterized by a chaotic time behaviour of the flow quantities. It is also shown that the steady solutions are subject to an imperfect forward bifurcation if heating of the loop is performed non-symmetrically. In such a case one flow direction is preferred at the onset of convection and, moreover, the corresponding steady solution is more stable than a second, isolated, steady solution. The second solution has the opposite flow direction and is stable only in a relatively small, isolated interval. The preferred steady solution becomes unstable against time-periodic perturbations at a higher value of the forcing parameter. A backward- or a forward-directed bifurcation of the periodic solutions is found depending on the non-symmetry parameter of the system.

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33

Bell, J. "Natural Events." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 30 (November 6, 2007): 361–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.2383.

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This paper develops an inductive theory of predictive common sense reasoning. The theory provides the basis for an integrated solution to the three traditional problems of reasoning about change; the frame, qualification, and ramification problems. The theory is also capable of representing non-deterministic events, and it provides a means for stating defeasible preferences over the outcomes of conflicting simultaneous events.

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34

Leonori, Tommaso, Alexis Molino, and Sergio Segura de León. "Parabolic equations with natural growth approximated by nonlocal equations." Communications in Contemporary Mathematics 23, no. 01 (January 21, 2020): 1950088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219199719500883.

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In this paper, we study several aspects related with solutions of nonlocal problems whose prototype is [Formula: see text] where we take, as the most important instance, [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] as well as [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is a smooth symmetric function with compact support and [Formula: see text] is either a bounded smooth subset of [Formula: see text], with nonlocal Dirichlet boundary condition, or [Formula: see text] itself. The results deal with existence, uniqueness, comparison principle and asymptotic behavior. Moreover, we prove that if the kernel is rescaled in a suitable way, the unique solution of the above problem converges to a solution of the deterministic Kardar–Parisi–Zhang equation.

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35

Miskiyah, M., J. Juniawati, and A. Andriani. "INHIBITION OF Escherichia coli O157:H7 CONTAMINATION ON CHICKEN MEAT BY NATURAL VINEGAR PREPARED FROM BANANA PEEL AND COCONUT WATER." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.41.1.21-27.

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The use of vinegar as a natural preservative to inactivate microbial growth in meat was investigated. Vinegar was prepared from banana peel and coconut water, and the efficacy against Escherichia coli O157:H7 was tested. Chicken meat were treated with vinegar solution (equals to 1% acetic acid), acetic acid solutions (1%), and lactic acid solutions (2%), control (distilled water). Samples were soaked with acid solution treatment for 1 minute (1.125:1 w/v; chicken meat: solution treatment). Treated samples were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 on the surface of the chicken meat, then left for 20 minutes for absorption of bacteria into the meat. Observation was done at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days at low temperature storage, and at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 hours at room temperature storage. The results showed that banana peel vinegar and coconut water vinegar were effective as natural preservative. In conclusion, the vinegar were potentially inhibited E. coli O157:H7 growth at chicken meat until 12 hours at room temperature storage and 9 days at cold temperatures.

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36

Swapna, B. V. "Immediate dentures using natural teeth – a simple solution." Annals and Essences of Dentistry 6, no. 1 (2014): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-156x.2014.00003.3.

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37

Ouldmoum, Aoumria, Laurent Duclaux, Benaouda Bestani,, Laurence Reinert, and na, Nouredine Benderdouche. "Adsorption of red nylosane solution on natural materials." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 65 (2017): 304–3312. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.20245.

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38

Chan, Man. "A Natural Solution to the Dark Energy Problem." Physical Science International Journal 5, no. 4 (January 10, 2015): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/psij/2015/14201.

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39

Levin, A., D. Lischinski, and Y. Weiss. "A Closed-Form Solution to Natural Image Matting." IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 30, no. 2 (February 2008): 228–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2007.1177.

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40

Choukourov, Andrei. "SOLUTION PLASMA PROCESSING OF NATURAL POLYMER-BASED MATERIALS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 7 (July 20, 2019): 4–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196207.5995.

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Non-equilibrium low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma is a highly reactive medium that allows for the ecofriendly modification of nature-derived materials. This work reviews the field of liquid phase plasma modification of polymer-based materials derived from natural sources. Types of solution plasma systems are considered with respect to the efficiency of the generation of active species, their transport to and interaction with macromolecules. Tunable modification of plants (birch, willow, bamboo and vine shoots; barley, rice and rapeseed straw; perennial grasses), algae, plant-derived by-products and wastes (sawdust, bast fibers, nutshells, seeds, peels, press-cake and pomace), plant-derived polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, starch, sodium alginate) and animal-derived polymer-based materials (chitosan, collagen, gelatin) by solution plasma treatment is compared to conventional wet chemistry methods. Synthesis of nano-biocomposites with advanced functionalities is also considered. <span style="opacity: 0;"> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </span><span style="opacity: 0;"> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </span>

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41

Froggatt, C. D., M. Gibson, and H. B. Nielsen. "A natural solution to the neutrino mixing problem." Physics Letters B 409, no. 1-4 (September 1997): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(97)00934-9.

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42

Veres, Sandor M., and J. Patrik Adolfsson. "A natural language programming solution for executable papers." Procedia Computer Science 4 (2011): 678–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2011.04.071.

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43

Li, Yuguo, Angelo Delsante, Zhengdong Chen, Mats Sandberg, Alice Andersen, Marrianne Bjerre, and Per Heiselberg. "Some examples of solution multiplicity in natural ventilation." Building and Environment 36, no. 7 (August 2001): 851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-1323(01)00011-7.

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44

Jenkins, David, and Tariq Muneer. "Modelling light-pipe performances—a natural daylighting solution." Building and Environment 38, no. 7 (July 2003): 965–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-1323(03)00061-1.

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45

Spadaccini, R., and P. A. Temussi. "Natural peptide analgesics: the role of solution conformation." Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 58, no. 11 (October 2001): 1572–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00000797.

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46

Eljamal, Osama, Junya Okawauchi, Kazuaki Hiramatsu, and Masayoshi Harada. "Phosphorus sorption from aqueous solution using natural materials." Environmental Earth Sciences 68, no. 3 (June 30, 2012): 859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-1789-6.

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47

Hemsley, P. "Digitizers: a natural solution to graphics system interaction?" Computer-Aided Design 22, no. 5 (June 1990): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4485(90)90097-v.

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48

Sminčáková, Emília. "Leaching of natural stibnite using sodium hydroxide solution." JOM 61, no. 10 (October 2009): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-009-0149-9.

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49

Kurniawan, Tonni Agustiono, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, Mohd Ridhwan Adam, Xue Liang, Huihwang Goh, Abdelkader Anouzla, Mika Sillanpää, Ayesha Mohyuddin, and Kit Wayne Chew. "Chromium Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Natural Clinoptilolite." Water 15, no. 9 (April 25, 2023): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15091667.

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This work investigates the applicability of clinoptilolite, a natural zeolite, as a low-cost adsorbent for removing chromium from aqueous solutions using fixed bed studies. To improve its removal performance for the inorganic pollutant, the adsorbent is pretreated with NaCl to prepare it in the homoionic form of Na+ before undertaking ion exchange with Cr3+ in aqueous solution. This work also evaluates if treated effluents could meet the required effluent discharge standard set by legislation for the target pollutant. To sustain its cost-effectiveness for wastewater treatment, the spent adsorbent is regenerated with NaOH. It was found that the clinoptilolite treated with NaCl has a two-times higher Cr adsorption capacity (4.5 mg/g) than the as-received clinoptilolite (2.2 mg/g). Pretreatment of the clinoptilolite with NaCl enabled it to treat more bed volume (BV) (64 BV) at a breakthrough point of 0.5 mg/L of Cr concentration and achieve a longer breakthrough time (1500 min) for the first run, as compared to as-received clinoptilolite (32 BV; 250 min). This suggests that pretreatment of clinoptilolite with NaCl rendered it in the homoionic form of Na+. Although pretreated clinoptilolite could treat the Cr wastewater at an initial concentration of 10 mg/L, its treated effluents were still unable to meet the required Cr limit of less than 0.05 mg/L set by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

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50

Widyanuriawan, Denny, and Sugiarto. "Biogas Purification Using Natural Zeolite and NaOH." Applied Mechanics and Materials 664 (October 2014): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.664.415.

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Biogas purification is the most important process to increase the quality of biogas. This research was introduced a continuous system of biogas purification from CO2 impurity using zeolite and NaOH solution. The granular zeolites were varied from 1 to 5 layers on solid purifier. The NaOH solution was varied from 10% to 50 % based on concentration. Contact time of biogas with zeolite and NaOH solution were observed on interval of 15 minutes. The results showed that the ability of NaOH solution to absorb of CO2 is faster than zeolite. On the initial minutes, NaOH solution on the some concentration absorbed the CO2 until less than 10% of volume CO2 in biogas. Furthermore, the five layers of zeolites able to adsorb the CO2 until the 21.3% of volume CO2 in biogas on 60 minutes. For a similiar condition, CH4 levels increased to be 74.7% and 92.4% for zeolite and NaOH solution, respectively. The ability of CO2 absorbsion was influenced by layers number of zeolite purification system and the concentration of NaOH solution for NaOH purification system.

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