Готові списки джерел за темами / Natural bioactive metabolite

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Natural bioactive metabolite"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 25 травня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Natural bioactive metabolite"

Christodoulou, Maria, Jouni Jokela, Matti Wahlsten, Lyudmila Saari, Athena Economou-Amilli, Marli de Fatima Fiore, and Kaarina Sivonen. "Description of Aliinostoc alkaliphilum sp. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria), a New Bioactive Metabolite-Producing Strain from Salina Verde (Pantanal, Brazil) and Taxonomic Distribution of Bioactive Metabolites in Nostoc and Nostoc-like Genera." Water 14, no. 16 (August 10, 2022): 2470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14162470.

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Cyanobacteria are a group of oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes found in almost all habitats on earth including those characterized as extreme environments. It has been observed that the number of studies dealing with the biodiversity of extremophilic cyanobacteria is limited while studies exploring their bioactive potential are even scarcer. The taxonomy of three Nostoc-like cyanobacterial strains isolated from a shallow lake in Brazil was studied by applying a polyphasic approach. The bioactive potential of the strains was also evaluated using antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The metabolites present in the bioactive HPLC fractions were identified by UPLC/ESI/Q-TOF. Based on our phylogenetic inferences in combination with morphological and ecological information, we describe Aliinostoc alkaliphilum sp. nov., exhibiting antibacterial and antifungal activities. The main bioactive metabolite in all three strains was nocuolin A, which represents the first report of this metabolite in Aliinostoc. Our phylogenetic studies also revealed that many bioactive metabolite-producting strains that are currently assigned to Nostoc belong to other distinct evolutionary lineages. These findings highlight the importance of polyphasic approach studies in both cyanobacterial taxonomy and natural product discovery programs.

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Sriwastava, Akanksha Raj, and Vivek Srivastava. "GC-MS Profiling and Antifungal Activity of Secondary Metabolite from Endophytic Fungus of Giloy." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 18, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2948.

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The endophytic microbiota is considered to be one of the consistent and noble souce of potential and unique natural amalgams. These natural amalgams carry diverse pharmaceutical significance which the reason for their importance among research fields. The diversity of plants carries much more diversity of the endophytes as their mutual parts where both are benefited from each other. The current work deals with the isolation of the endophytic fungus from Tinospora cordifolia, for which the leaves were used after the surface sterilization, followed by the production of secondary metabolite by the endophytic isolates through submerged fermentation technique. The produced metabolite was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction technique, which was further used for evaluating its antifungal potential against Candida albicans and the obtained results show their considerable potential. The GC-MS profiling of secondary metabolite was conducted to determine the presence of some bioactive compounds in them, and as a result, some potential compounds detected are Levoglucosenone, Silanediol, Nonane, D-Allose, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. Since these compounds are biologically important in various aspects which gives the diversified application to the secondary metabolites. The study concludes the potential of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus of Tinospora cordifolia and further investigation can be approached on determining the same from other plants, and also evaluating another bioactive potential of secondary metabolites.

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Simkhada, Dinesh, Huitu Zhang, Shogo Mori, Howard Williams, and Coran M. H. Watanabe. "Activation of cryptic metabolite production through gene disruption: Dimethyl furan-2,4-dicarboxylate produced by Streptomyces sahachiroi." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 9 (August 29, 2013): 1768–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.205.

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At least 65% of all small molecule drugs on the market today are natural products, however, re-isolation of previously identified and characterized compounds has become a serious impediment to the discovery of new bioactive natural products. Here, genetic knockout of an unusual non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) C-PCP-C module, aziA2, is performed resulting in the accumulation of the secondary metabolite, dimethyl furan-2,4-dicarboxylate. The cryptic metabolite represents the first non-azinomycin related compound to be isolated and characterized from the soil bacterium, S. sahachiroi. The results from this study suggest that abolishing production of otherwise predominant natural products through genetic knockout may constitute a means to “activate” the production of novel secondary metabolites that would otherwise lay dormant within microbial genome sequences.

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Chrzanowski, Grzegorz. "Saccharomyces Cerevisiae—An Interesting Producer of Bioactive Plant Polyphenolic Metabolites." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (October 5, 2020): 7343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197343.

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Secondary phenolic metabolites are defined as valuable natural products synthesized by different organisms that are not essential for growth and development. These compounds play an essential role in plant defense mechanisms and an important role in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food, and agricultural industries. Despite the vast chemical diversity of natural compounds, their content in plants is very low, and, as a consequence, this eliminates the possibility of the production of these interesting secondary metabolites from plants. Therefore, microorganisms are widely used as cell factories by industrial biotechnology, in the production of different non-native compounds. Among microorganisms commonly used in biotechnological applications, yeast are a prominent host for the diverse secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is often regarded as a better host organism for the heterologous production of phenolic compounds, particularly if the expression of different plant genes is necessary.

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D’Alessandro, Rosa, Teresa Docimo, Giulia Graziani, Vincenzo D’Amelia, Monica De Palma, Elisa Cappetta, and Marina Tucci. "Abiotic Stresses Elicitation Potentiates the Productiveness of Cardoon Calli as Bio-Factories for Specialized Metabolites Production." Antioxidants 11, no. 6 (May 24, 2022): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11061041.

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Cultivated cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var altilis) is a Mediterranean traditional food crop. It is adapted to xerothermic conditions and also grows in marginal lands, producing a large biomass rich in phenolic bioactive metabolites and has therefore received attention for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and innovative materials applications. Cardoon cell cultures can be used for the biotechnological production of valuable molecules in accordance with the principles of cellular agriculture. In the current study, we developed an elicitation strategy on leaf-derived cardoon calli for boosting the production of bioactive extracts for cosmetics. We tested elicitation conditions that trigger hyper-accumulation of bioactive phenolic metabolites without compromising calli growth through the application of chilling and salt stresses. We monitored changes in growth, polyphenol accumulation, and antioxidant capability, along with transcriptional variations of key chlorogenic acid and flavonoids biosynthetic genes. At moderate stress intensity and duration (14 days at 50–100 mM NaCl) salt exerted the best eliciting effect by stimulating total phenols and antioxidant power without impairing growth. Hydroalcoholic extracts from elicited cardoon calli with optimal growth and bioactive metabolite accumulation were demonstrated to lack cytotoxicity by MTT assay and were able to stimulate pro-collagen and aquaporin production in dermal cells. In conclusion, we propose a “natural” elicitation system that can be easily and safely employed to boost bioactive metabolite accumulation in cardoon cell cultures and also in pilot-scale cell culture production.

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Kuo, Yu-Hsuan, Ting-Wei Lin, Jing-Yi Lin, Yu-Wen Chen, Tsung-Ju Li, and Chin-Chu Chen. "Identification of Common Liver Metabolites of the Natural Bioactive Compound Erinacine A, Purified from Hericium erinaceus Mycelium." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031201.

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Metabolite identification, in the early stage, for compound discovery is necessary to assess the knowledge for the pharmaceutical improvement of drug safety and efficacy. Even if the drug has been released into the market, identification and continuous evaluation of the metabolites are required to avoid the risk of post-marketing withdrawal. Hericium erinaceus (HE), a medicinal mushroom, has broadly documented nutraceutical benefits, including anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-aging, hypolipidemic, and gastric mucosal protection effects. Recently, erinacine A has been reported as the main natural bioactive compound in the mycelium of HE for functional food development. In neurological studies, the consumption of enrinacine A enriched HE mycelium demonstrates its significant nutraceutical effects in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and ischemic stroke. For the first time, we explored the metabolic process of erinacine A molecule and identified its metabolites from the rat and human liver S9 fraction. Using a liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for quantitative analysis, we observed that 75.44% of erinacine A was metabolized within 60 min in rat, and 32.34% of erinacine A was metabolized within 120 min in human S9. Using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) to identify the metabolites of erinacine A, five common metabolites were identified, and their possible structures were evaluated. Understanding the metabolic process of erinacine A and establishing its metabolite profile database will help promote the nutraceutical application and discovery of related biomarkers in the future.

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Rehan, Medhat, Abdellatif Gueddou, Abdulaziz Alharbi, and Imen Ben Abdelmalek. "In Silico Prediction of Secondary Metabolites and Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Analysis of Streptomyces thinghirensis HM3 Isolated from Arid Soil." Fermentation 9, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9010065.

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Natural products produced by microorganisms are considered an important resource of bioactive secondary metabolites, such as anticancer, antifungal, antibiotic, and immunosuppressive molecules. Streptomyces are the richest source of bioactive natural products via possessing a wide number of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (SM-BGCs). Based on rapid development in sequencing technologies with advances in genome mining, exploring the newly isolated Streptomyces species for possible new secondary metabolites is mandatory to find novel natural products. The isolated Streptomyces thinghirensis strain HM3 from arid and sandy texture soil in Qassim, SA, exerted inhibition activity against tested animal pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria and pathogenic fungal species. In this study, we report the draft genome of S. thinghirensis strain HM3, which consists of 7,139,324 base pairs (bp), with an average G+C content of 71.49%, predicting 7949 open reading frames, 12 rRNA operons (5S, 16S, 23S) and 60 tRNAs. An in silico analysis of strain HM3 genome by the antiSMASH and PRISM 4 online software for SM-BGCs predicted 16 clusters, including four terpene, one lantipeptide, one siderophore, two polyketide synthase (PKS), two non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) cluster)/NRPS-like fragment, two RiPP/RiPP-like (ribosomally synthesised and post-translationally modified peptide product), two butyrolactone, one CDPS (tRNA-dependent cyclodipeptide synthases), and one other (cluster containing a secondary metabolite-related protein that does not fit into any other category) BGC. The presented BGCs inside the genome, along with antibacterial and antifungal activity, indicate that HM3 may represent an invaluable source for new secondary metabolites.

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Eliwa, Duaa, Amal Kabbash, Mona El-Aasr, Haytham O. Tawfik, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Mohamed H. Mahmoud, Michel De Waard, Wagdy M. Eldehna, and Abdel-Rahim S. Ibrahim. "Papaverinol-N-Oxide: A Microbial Biotransformation Product of Papaverine with Potential Antidiabetic and Antiobesity Activity Unveiled with In Silico Screening." Molecules 28, no. 4 (February 7, 2023): 1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041583.

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Bioconversion of biosynthetic heterocyclic compounds has been utilized to produce new semisynthetic pharmaceuticals and study the metabolites of bioactive drugs used systemically. In this investigation, the biotransformation of natural heterocyclic alkaloid papaverine via filamentous fungi was explored. Molecular docking simulations, using protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase (PL) as target enzymes, were performed to investigate the antidiabetic potential of papaverine and its metabolites in silico. The metabolites were isolated from biotransformation of papaverine with Cunninghamella elegans NRRL 2310, Rhodotorula rubra NRRL y1592, Penicillium chrysogeneum ATCC 10002 and Cunninghamella blackesleeana NRRL 1369 via reduction, demethylation, N-oxidation, oxidation and hydroxylation reactions. Seven metabolites were isolated: namely, 3,4-dihydropapaverine (metabolite 1), papaveroline (metabolite 2), 7-demethyl papaverine (metabolite 3), 6,4′-didemethyl papaverine (metabolite 4), papaverine-3-ol (metabolite 5), papaverinol (metabolite 6) and papaverinol N-oxide (metabolite 7). The structural elucidation of the metabolites was investigated with 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopy (EI and ESI). The molecular docking studies showed that metabolite 7 exhibited better binding interactions with the target enzymes PTP1B, α-glucosidase and PL than did papaverine. Furthermore, papaverinol-N-oxide (7) also displayed inhibition of α-glucosidase and lipase enzymes comparable to that of their ligands (acarbose and orlistat, respectively), as unveiled with an in silico ADMET profile, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for enhanced inhibition of PTP1B, α-glucosidase and PL via some papaverine fungal transformation products and, therefore, potentially better antidiabetic and antiobesity effects than those of papaverine and other known therapeutic agents.

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Li, Xiaolin, Huayan Xu, Yuyue Li, Shengrong Liao, and Yonghong Liu. "Exploring Diverse Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Marine Microorganisms Using Co-Culture Strategy." Molecules 28, no. 17 (August 31, 2023): 6371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28176371.

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The isolation and identification of an increasing number of secondary metabolites featuring unique skeletons and possessing diverse bioactivities sourced from marine microorganisms have garnered the interest of numerous natural product chemists. There has been a growing emphasis on how to cultivate microorganisms to enhance the chemical diversity of metabolites and avoid the rediscovery of known ones. Given the significance of secondary metabolites as a means of communication among microorganisms, microbial co-culture has been introduced. By mimicking the growth patterns of microbial communities in their natural habitats, the co-culture strategy is anticipated to stimulate biosynthetic gene clusters that remain dormant under traditional laboratory culture conditions, thereby inducing the production of novel secondary metabolites. Different from previous reviews mainly focusing on fermentation conditions or metabolite diversities from marine-derived co-paired strains, this review covers the marine-derived co-culture microorganisms from 2012 to 2022, and turns to a particular discussion highlighting the selection of co-paired strains for marine-derived microorganisms, especially the fermentation methods for their co-cultural apparatus, and the screening approaches for the convenient and rapid detection of novel metabolites, as these are important in the co-culture. Finally, the structural and bioactivity diversities of molecules are also discussed. The challenges and prospects of co-culture are discussed on behave of the views of the authors.

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Tawfike, Ahmed, Grainne Abbott, Louise Young, and RuAngelie Edrada-Ebel. "Metabolomic-Guided Isolation of Bioactive Natural Products from Curvularia sp., an Endophytic Fungus of Terminalia laxiflora." Planta Medica 84, no. 03 (August 28, 2017): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-118807.

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AbstractEndophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants are a potential source of novel chemistry and biology. Metabolomic tools were successfully employed to compare the metabolite fingerprints of solid and liquid culture extracts of endophyte Curvularia sp. isolated from the leaves of Terminalia laxiflora. Natural product databases were used to dereplicate metabolites in order to determine known compounds and the presence of new natural products. Multivariate analysis highlighted the putative metabolites responsible for the bioactivity of the fungal extract and its fractions on NF-κB and the myelogenous leukemia cell line K562. Metabolomic tools and dereplication studies using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry directed the fractionation and isolation of the bioactive components from the fungal extracts. This resulted in the isolation of N-acetylphenylalanine (1) and two linear peptide congeners of 1: dipeptide N-acetylphenylalanyl-L-phenylalanine (2) and tripeptide N-acetylphenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine (3).

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Natural bioactive metabolite"

Dischler, Nicole Marie. "Investigations of targeted natural sources in search of bioactive metabolites." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6725.

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The past several decades have seen a rise in the numbers of fungal infections due to an increase in the population of immune-compromised individuals. Some of the most common types of invasive fungal infections are caused by Candida, Aspergillus, and Cryptococcus species. The current treatments for systemic fungal infections remain unsatisfactory because of resistance and toxicity problems. Because of this, there is a growing need for classes of antifungal agents effective against these pathogens. Fungi have proven to be an excellent source of novel secondary metabolites possessing a range of bioactivities, including antifungal effects. Most of the research described in this thesis stems from an ecology-based approach for selecting types of fungi for investigation in search of novel bioactive metabolites. Members of three ecological niche groups are discussed: mycoparasitic/fungicolous, endophytic, and coprophilous fungi. Mycoparasitic or fungicolous fungi are those that colonize other fungi and often cause some level of damage to the host. If damage occurs, it may be caused in part by antifungal natural products. Chemical investigations of nine isolates of fungicolous or mycoparasitic fungi (eight of which displayed antifungal activity) described in this thesis afforded five new compounds and 12 known compounds. Three of these known compounds have been reported to display antifungal properties, however, several others have not been tested in bioactivity assays. Due to this and unexpected loss of access to several of the antifungal assays explored in the initial prioritization process, the source of the original extract activity was not identified. Endophytic fungi are those that inhabit plant tissue and may or may not cause damage to the host. In some cases, colonization of a plant by fungi may be beneficial to the plant by providing protection against unwanted insect or microbial pests, which may be the result of bioactive compounds being produced by the colonizing fungus. Chemical investigation of 10 isolates of endophytic fungi described herein (five of which produced antifungal extracts) afforded 21 known compounds and four new metabolites. Of these, three extracts contained known antifungal compounds as major components, indicating that they were responsible for the original observed extract activity. In other cases, loss of access to the antifungal assays employed in the initial selection resulted in the source of the extract activity remaining undetermined. Coprophilous fungi, those that colonize the dung of herbivores, inhabit a nutrient-rich environment populated by many other organisms including other fungi, bacteria, insects, and protists. The production of bioactive compounds by coprophilous fungi might help provide them with a competitive advantage in this environment. Studies of 14 coprophilous fungal isolates (many of which displayed antifungal activity) are described in this thesis, leading to identification of twenty-five known compounds and nine new compounds. The majority of extracts yielded at least one metabolite known to have antifungal activity or one or more new compounds displaying these properties. In addition to the fungal isolates described in this thesis, six new stilbene-type phytoalexins were isolated from peanut seeds (Arachis hypogaea). These compounds are produced by peanut seeds that had been challenged by a mycotoxin-producing fungal invader and may serve to some degree as chemical defenses. A variety of separation techniques were utilized to isolate compounds from a range of classes, including terpenoids, polyketides, and peptides. Structures were established mainly based on analysis of various 1D and 2D NMR data aided by mass spectrometry. Relative stereochemical configurations were determined, where feasible, based on coupling constants and NOE experiments, whereas absolute configurations were determined using Mosher’s or chemical degradation methods. Several new secondary metabolites with distinctive chemical features were isolated, as well as many known compounds, some of which displayed bioactivity in medically or agriculturally relevant assays. The work described here illustrates that these targeted groups of fungi are capable of producing a structurally diverse array of bioactive natural products and supports their selection as targeted sources of potentially useful compounds.

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Bunn, Brittney Michalle. "Unraveling Genetically Encoded Pathways Leading to Bioactive Metabolites in Group V Cyanobacteria." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1448271831.

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Chamyuang, Sunita. "Application of selective methods in the search for new bioactive natural products from fungi." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of biological Science, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3702.

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The work undertaken explored the potential for discovery of new bioactive metabolites from soil fungi. The research developed selective mycological isolation techniques and maximised metabolite production from active selected fungi by application of the OSMAC approach and concept of hormesis. Novel active compounds were discovered and many other known compounds characterised.

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Roth, Lukas. "Developing immobilised metal affinity chromatography for the discovery and isolation of bioactive metabolites." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28454.

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Immobilised metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) is a privileged separation technique that relies on the fundamentals of coordination chemistry to retain compounds with metal binding properties. While originally established to isolate human serum proteins, histones, and metalloenzymes, and then recombinant proteins with surface-exposed histidine or cysteine residues, its applications have expanded considerably to include the purification of phosphorylated peptides and low molecular weight compounds. The aim of this thesis was to further develop IMAC to first isolate phosphorus-containing compounds and second evaluate its capacity as a value-added step in current natural product drug discovery workflows. A bespoke IMAC resin was synthesised and characterised containing immobilised desferrioxamine B, which is a natural product with extraordinary metal binding affinity towards Zr(IV). The Zr(IV)-immobilised resin was selective in coordinating phosphorus-containing compounds. The resin was used to selectively retain the antiviral drug tenofovir and the herbicide glyphosate at concentrations of approximately 2 and 1 mg g-1 resin under both aqueous and organic conditions, respectively. As compared to existing glyphosate adsorption technologies, the resin demonstrated improved desorption and recycling capacity with at least 93% of the adsorbed glyphosate recovered after three re-uses over seven days. Secondly, a standard IMAC system was re-cast as surrogate of a coordinatively-unsaturated metalloenzyme active site to selectively bind compounds with metal binding motifs. This could be used to select compounds as inhibitors of disease-relevant metalloproteins. A mixture of 16 metalloenzyme inhibitors and an antibiotic were adsorbed to IMAC resin beds charged with Co(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Ga(III), Ni(II), Yb(III), or Zn(II). Of the 17 compounds, 11 were reversibly retained in quantitative amounts by at least one of the IMAC resin beds with each system offering a distinct selection profile. Remarkably, the Zn(II)-IMAC platform was the only system, which reversibly bound the thiol-containing Zn(II)-ACE1 inhibitors captopril and omapatrilat while the Fe(III)-IMAC system was the only system which reversibly bound the Fe(II)/(III)-5-LO inhibitor licofelone. Furthermore, the Fe(III)-mimicking Ga(III)-IMAC system was the only system that reversibly bound the Fe(II)/(III)-5-LO inhibitor 4-aminosalicylic acid. Finally, IMAC was integrated into a modern natural product drug discovery workflow to examine its capacity as an upstream screening technique for metalloenzyme inhibitor drug leads. Cultures of native and chemically perturbed Salinispora tropica were processed on Cu(II)-, Ni(II)-, and Zn(II)-IMAC systems and analysed using metabolomics and genome mining approaches to identify natural products with metal binding affinity. From an initial collection of 23,000 LC-MS signals, 783 analytes were identified as metal-selective S. tropica metabolites. Metabolomics and genome mining analysis subsequently revealed 18 natural products previously undetected in S. tropica, 9 of which were unique to the perturbed cultures. This project extended the applications of IMAC for the discovery, isolation, and purification of bioactive molecules with metal binding groups. The results reported demonstrate the potential of IMAC as a platform to support environmental remediation, address manufacturing process purification challenges, and streamline natural product drug discovery.

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Yusof, Mohd Termizi Bin. "Application of a particle filtration method in the search for new bioactive natural products from fungi." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1927.

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Fungi have been an important source for producing a wide range of secondary metabolites of widely differing chemical structures, as well as biological activities. Many of their metabolites now play a major role in pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. A number of fungi were isolated from soil and leaf litter collected from Arthur’s Pass, West Coast and Kaituna Valley using a particle filtration technique. Fungi were selected based on their unusual morphology or observed cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity for large scale culture and extraction. A pale yellow compound was isolated from cytotoxic extracts from the culture of Aspergillus versicolor. This compound was identified as sterigmatocystin and the identity confirmed by UV profile and mass spectrometry. Five compounds were isolated from extracts prepared from two different species of Penicillium of which three were active against P388 cells (mycophenolic acid, cycloaspeptide A and mevastatin), one was active against dermatophytes (griseofulvin) and one was not active (3,4,6,8-tetrahydroxy-3-methyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin). Two compounds were isolated from extracts prepared from two different species of Phoma. A dark red compound was found to be novel and showed activity against P388 cells and Bacillus subtilis. A second compound also showing cytotoxicity was identified as the known compound phomenone. A further new compound was isolated from extracts of an identified dematiaceous fungus. This alkyl glucoside, however, was not bioactive.

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Burleson, Cheska. "Production of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites by Florida Harmful Bloom Dinoflagellates Karenia brevis and Pyrodinium bahamense." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3998.

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Анотація:

Despite the critical role algae serve as primary producers, increases or accumulation of certain algae may result in Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). Algal toxins from these blooms contribute significantly to incidences of food borne illness, and evidence suggests HABs are expanding in frequency and distribution. Mitigation of these HABs without knowledge of the ecological purpose and biochemical regulation of their toxins is highly unlikely. The production, function, and potential of secondary metabolites produced by the dinoflagellates Karenia brevis and Pyrodinium bahamense, were investigated. Brevetoxins were demonstrated by two different methods to localize within the cytosol of Karenia brevis. Differential and density-dependent centrifugation followed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assays (ELISAs) indicated that brevetoxin was not contained by any cellular organelles. Light microscopy of brevetoxin immunolabeled preserved cells visually confirmed these results, showing stain to be distributed throughout the cytosol and notably absent from the nucleus. These results have implications for brevetoxin synthesis and function. The complex cyclization process of brevetoxin therefore likely occurs in the cytosol after export of a polyketide precursor from the chloroplast. Functionally, this cellular location suggests use of brevetoxin in cytosolic functions such as signaling and chelation. Culture experiments of Pyrodinium. bahamense var. bahamense were undertaken to determine the effects of nutrients and environmental conditions on growth requirements and toxin production. HPLC analysis was employed to separate and quantify the saxitoxins. As eutrophication is a concern where this species is most problematic, in the Indian River Lagoon area of Florida, utilization of urea and ammonium were explored and compared to nitrate. While all nitrogen conditions yielded similar growth curves in P. bahamense, the cultures using urea contained a substantially lesser amount of the potent STX congener. This difference implies the urease enzyme utilized by P. bahamense is inefficient and urea based fertilizers are unlikely to create blooms with greater toxicity. Cyst production in P. bahamense was found to depend on nutrient limitation. Cultures utilizing ammonium displayed a smaller proportion of cysts, presumably attributable to the bioavailablility of ammonium. The total toxin content of P. bahamense was found to vary inversely with growth rate, although mole percents of the saxitoxins were largely unchanged over a suite of environmental parameters including temperature, salinity, and pH. Possible reasons for the reported increase in HABs include global warming, dumping of ballast water, and nutrient influx. These studies outline controls on toxin synthesis and production and conditions needed for growth and will aid in predicting environmental and human health effects pending these global changes. Extracts of K. brevis and P. bahamense cultures were assayed against various pathogenic agents. Growth of K. pneumoniae was inhibited by extracts of both K. brevis and P. bahamense. An extract of K. brevis additionally inhibited MRSA, while a P. bahamense extract additionally inhibited both S. aureus and MRSA as well as the most common protozoan vector of malaria, P. falciparum. The activity of a dinoflagellate against an Apicomplexan (P. falciparum) found in this study is especially interesting as the phyla are closely phylogenetically related. Differences in activity of extracts against P. falciparum between a clonal culture on P. bahamense from the Indian River Lagoon and a 2011 bloom sampled from Tampa Bay were observed. Drugs are losing their effectiveness against these infectious agents, making pursuit of new drugs an important field. These results suggest that HAB dinoflagellates hold promise in drug discovery similar to other phytoplankton.

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Reis, Gislâine Vicente dos. "Isolamento bioguiado de compostos de actinobactérias com atividade fungitóxica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11138/tde-26102017-172809/.

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As espécies patogênicas do gênero Colletotrichum apresentam importância mundial, pois causam danos a várias culturas de interesse agronômico. Diversas medidas de controle são empregadas, mas estas nem sempre são eficazes devido à ocorrência de linhagens resistentes. Desta forma, se faz necessário a busca por novos compostos que possam ser utilizados no manejo integrado desta doença. Os produtos naturais isolados de micro-organismos podem ser uma alternativa para o desenvolvimento de novos defensivos agrícolas. Dentre os micro-organismos, as actinobactérias são conhecidas pela produção de inúmeros compostos antimicrobianos. Neste contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo o isolamento e a identificação de compostos antifúngicos produzidos por actinobactérias da rizosfera de guaranazeiros. Para isto, a seleção de actinobactérias foi baseada em dois ensaios. No primeiro, as 65 actinobactérias foram avaliadas em ensaio de cultivo pareado frente ao fitopatógeno Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Destas, os isolados mais promissores foram AM1 (43,78 % de inibição do crescimento micelial), AM3 (43,98 %), AM18 (37,86 %), AM25 (43,17 %), AM30 (47,12 %), AM61 (40,12 %) e AM68 (47,94 %). No segundo ensaio, estes isolados foram cultivados em meio BD e, após o cultivo, o meio metabólico foi submetido a três métodos de extração: (a) partição líquido-líquido com n-butanol; (b) partição líquido-líquido com acetato de etila e (c) coluna sílica gel C18. As frações obtidas a partir das três metodologias foram avaliadas pelo método de difusão em disco de papel contra C. gloeosporioides. Neste ensaio de difusão em disco foram selecionadas as linhagens AM1(n-butanol), AM3 (acetato de etila) e AM25 (C18) para o estudo de bioprospecção. Estas foram identificadas por técnicas moleculares como pertencentes ao gênero Streptomyces. A partir do extrato bruto da Streptomyces sp. AM1 foi isolado um composto análogo do ácido proclavamínico, o qual apresentou atividade mínima inibitória (MIC) de 1,25 mg mL-1 contra o fitopatógeno C. gloeosporioides. Da linhagem Streptomyces sp. AM3 foi isolado o composto streptimidona que apresentou MIC de 1,25 mg mL-1. Já no estudo de Streptomyces sp. AM25 um composto não identificado apresentou MIC de 2,50 mg mL-1. Estes três compostos apresentaram atividade superior aos fungicidas Captan SC® (Captana) e Dithane NT® (Mancozeb), e inferior ao Score® (Difenoconazol). A atividade antifúngica destes compostos ao C. gloeosporioides está sendo relatada pela primeira vez.
The pathogenic species of the genus Colletotrichum present importance worldwide because they cause damage to numerous crops of agronomic interest. Several control methods are employed, but they are not always effective due to the occurrence of resistant strains. Thus, it is necessary searching for new compounds that can be used in the integrated management of this disease. Natural products isolated from microorganisms can be an alternative for the development of new agricultural pesticides. Among microorganisms, actinobacteria are known to produce numerous antimicrobial compounds. In this context, the present study aimed to isolate and identify antifungal compounds produced by actinobacteria from guarana rhizosphere. For this, the selection of actinobacteria was based on two tests. In the first one, the 65 actinobacteria were evaluated in paired cultivation test against the plant pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Among them, the most promising isolates were AM1 (43.78% inhibition), AM3 (43.98%), AM18 (37.86%), AM25 (43.17%), AM30 (47.12%), AM61 (40.12%) and AM68 (47.94%). In the second assay, these isolates were cultured in BD medium and, after culturing, the metabolic medium was subjected to three extraction methods: (a) liquid-liquid partition with n-butanol; (B) liquid-liquid partition with ethyl acetate and (c) silica gel column C18. The fractions obtained from the three methodologies were evaluated by paper disc diffusion method against C. gloeosporioides. In this disk diffusion assay, the strains AM1 (n-butanol), AM3 (ethyl acetate) and AM25 (C18) were selected for the bioprospecting study. These were identified by molecular techniques as belonging to the genus Streptomyces. From the crude extract of Streptomyces sp. AM1 the analogous compound proclavaminic acid was isolated, which presented minimal inhibitory activity (MIC) of 1.25 mg mL -1 against the plant pathogen C. gloeosporioides. From Streptomyces sp. AM3, the compound streptimidone was isolated, which presented MIC of 1.25 mg mL-1. In the study of Streptomyces sp. AM25 an unidentified compound had MIC of 2.50 mg mL-1. These three compounds presented superior activity to the fungicides Captan SC® (Captan) and Dithane NT® (Mancozeb), and inferior to the Score® (Difenoconazole). The antifungal activity of these compounds to C. gloeosporioides is being reported here for the first time.

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Tan, Choon Yong. "Identification and Dereplication of Bioactive Secondary metabolites of Penicillium aurantiacobrunneum, a Fungal Associate of the Lichen Niebla homalea." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586533114478772.

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Junior, Eduardo Afonso da Silva. "Estudos de metabolismo in vitro de produtos naturais: biotransformação microbiana da piplartina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60138/tde-24062013-140021/.

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A piplartina é um alcaloide natural conhecido por apresentar diversas atividades biológicas, onde se destaca a ação anticancerígena. Esse produto natural apresentou atividade seletiva frente a vários tipos de células cancerígenas, sendo assim considerado promissor para o desenvolvimento de fármacos. O conhecimento do metabolismo de produtos naturais bioativos é uma importante e necessária etapa para avaliar a eficácia e segurança dessas substâncias. Os micro-organismos são amplamente utilizados em estudos de metabolismo, uma vez que catalisam reações quimio-, régio-, e estereoespecíficas, que muitas vezes são semelhantes às catalisadas pelos seres humanos. Nesse contexto, esse trabalho teve o objetivo de estudar o metabolismo microbiano da piplartina pelos fungos endofíticos Papulaspora immersa SS13 e Penicillium crustosum VR4, de solo Mucor rouxii NRRL 1894, e de coleção comercial Cunninghamella echinulata ATCC 8688a e Beauveria bassiana ATCC 7159. Os experimentos de biotransformação foram monitorados por UPLC-DAD-MS e UPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Todos os fungos utilizados biotransformaram a piplartina, sendo que 14 substâncias majoritárias foram identificadas como produtos de biotransformação nos experimentos em pequena escala. A piplartina e seus derivados apresentaram fragmentações características em IES-EM/EM que foram explicadas utilizando cálculos computacionais. O estudo dessas fragmentações permitiu a identificação e proposição das alterações estruturais que ocorreram nos metabólitos formados. Os fungos P. crustosum VR4 e B. bassiana ATCC 7159 foram selecionados para realizar os experimentos de biotransformação em escala ampliada, pois foram capazes de formar a maior diversidade de derivados da piplartina. Cinco substâncias foram isoladas e identificadas por RMN de 1H, RMN de 13C, HMQC, HMBC, COSY e HRESIMS. Essas substâncias não tinham sido obtidas por biotransformação microbiana anteriormente, sendo que uma ainda não foi descrita na literatura. Foram identificados principalmente produtos formados a partir de reações semelhantes às do metabolismo humano de fase I, como reduções, hidroxilações e hidrólises. Dessa forma, podemos concluir que as culturas microbianas são uma ferramenta útil para estudos preliminares de metabolismo, e para obter padrões de metabólitos que podem ser formados pelo metabolismo humano.
Piplartine is a natural alkaloid recognized by its biological properties, especially the anticancer activity. This natural product showed selective activity against several cancer cells lines, thus being considered a promising hit for drug development. Studies of bioactive natural products metabolism are an important and necessary step for the evaluation of their efficacy and safety. Microorganisms have been widely employed in metabolism studies, since they may catalyze chemo-, regio- and stereospecific reactions that are similar to human metabolism. This work aimed to study the microbial metabolism of piplartine by different fungal strains: the endophytes Penicillium crustosum VR4 and Papulaspora immersa SS13, the soil strain Mucor rouxii NRRL 1894, and the commercial collection strains Cunninghamella echinulata ATCC 8688a and Beauveria bassiana ATCC 7159. Biotransformation experiments were monitored by UPLC-DAD-MS and UPLC-DADMS/ MS. All the screened fungi were able to biotransform piplartine, and 14 compounds were identified as major biotransformation products in the small scale experiments. Piplartine and its derivatives showed characteristics fragmentations on ESI-MS/MS, which were explained using computer calculations. These fragmentation studies allowed the identification and structural proposition of piplartine metabolites. The fungi P. crustosum VR4 and B. bassiana ATCC 7159 were selected to perform the large scale biotransformation experiments, since they were capable to produce a large diversity of piplartine derivatives. Five compounds were isolated and identified by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HMQC, HMBC, COSY and HRESIMS data. The isolated products had never been previously identified by microbial biotransformation, and one of them was found to be novel in the literature. All the identified and isolated compounds have been produced by reactions similar to those that occur in phase I of human metabolism, such as reduction, hydroxylation and hydrolysis reactions. Thus, we can conclude that the microbial cultures are useful tools for preliminary metabolism studies, and to obtain chemical standards similar to those produced by human metabolism

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Benatrehina, Paule Annecie. "Identification and Isolation of Secondary Metabolites from Podocarpus neriifolius Using Bioactivity-Guided and 1D-NMR-Based Dereplication Approaches." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu153193675651081.

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Книги з теми "Natural bioactive metabolite"

Handbook of Mammalian Metabolism of Plant Compounds (1991). Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Scheline, Ronald R. Handbook of Mammalian Metabolism of Plant Compounds (1991). Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Scheline, Ronald R. Handbook of Mammalian Metabolism of Plant Compounds (1991). Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Scheline, Ronald R. Handbook of Mammalian Metabolism of Plant Compounds (1991). Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Частини книг з теми "Natural bioactive metabolite"

Kanade, Yogini, Rajashree Patwardhan, and Pragati Abhyankar. "Properties of Violacein: A Promising Natural Pharmaceutical Secondary Metabolite from Marine Environment with Emphasis on Its Anticancer Activity." In Marine Bioactive Molecules for Biomedical and Pharmacotherapeutic Applications, 197–230. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6770-4_11.

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Kała, Katarzyna, Jan Lazur, Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja, and Bożena Muszyńska. "Edible Mushrooms Substances as Natural Prevention in Autoimmunological Diseases." In Fungi Bioactive Metabolites, 339–69. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5696-8_11.

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Minakshi, Shaurya Prakash, Hemlata Kumari, and Antresh Kumar. "Natural Bioactive Products from Marine Fungi Against Bacterial Infection." In Fungi Bioactive Metabolites, 241–59. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5696-8_8.

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Manzoor, Malik Muzafar, Zahoor Ahmed Wani, and Syed Riyaz-Ul-Hassan. "Fungal Endophytes: An Accessible Natural Repository for Discovery of Bioactive Compounds." In Fungi Bioactive Metabolites, 85–108. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5696-8_3.

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Poudel, Pradip, Spyridon A. Petropoulos, and Francesco Di Gioia. "Plant Tocopherols and Phytosterols and Their Bioactive Properties." In Natural Secondary Metabolites, 285–319. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18587-8_8.

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Jacobs, Robert S., Mary A. Bober, Isabel Pinto, Allen B. Williams, Peer B. Jacobson, and Marianne S. de Carvalho. "Pharmacological Studies of Novel Marine Metabolites." In Pharmaceutical and Bioactive Natural Products, 77–99. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2391-2_3.

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Upadhyay, Shuchi. "Strategy and Approaches of Extraction of Natural Bioactive Compounds and Secondary Metabolites from Plant Sources." In Bioactive Components, 423–38. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2366-1_24.

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Dey, Prasanta, Amit Kundu, Babli Kar, Anushree Bhakta, Vineet Vishal, S. Keerthana, Anoop Kumar, Tejendra Bhakta, Suvakanta Dash, and Hyung Sik Kim. "Bioactive Natural Leads Targeting Cancer Cell Metabolism." In Evidence Based Validation of Traditional Medicines, 29–75. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8127-4_2.

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Suradkar, Kishor, and Dillip Hande. "Characterization of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites of Fungal Endophytes from Melghat Forest in Maharashtra, India." In Bioactive Natural products in Drug Discovery, 599–607. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1394-7_21.

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Hussain, Touseef, Simranjeet Singh, Mohd Danish, Rashid Pervez, Kashif Hussain, and Raja Husain. "Natural Metabolites: An Eco-friendly Approach to Manage Plant Diseases and for Better Agriculture Farming." In Natural Bioactive Products in Sustainable Agriculture, 1–13. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3024-1_1.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Natural bioactive metabolite"

Sovrlić, Miroslav, Nedeljko Manojlović, Marijana Kosanić, Aleksandar Kočović, Jovica Tomović, and Perica Vasiljević. "Lichenochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant activity of extracts and gyrophoric acid from lichen Umbilicaria grisea." In 2nd International Conference on Chemo and Bioinformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi23.515s.

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This research investigates the chemical composition, total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of acetone, methanol, and ethanol extracts of the lichen Umbilicaria grisea, and its major secondary metabolite, gyrophoric acid. The extracts were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV) and spectrophotometric assays. The results showed significant levels of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which contribute to the lichen’s antioxidant potential. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using in vitro assays such as DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. The extracts demonstrated potent antioxidant activity, suggesting their potential as natural antioxidants. The identification of bioactive compounds, high phenolic and flavonoid content, and significant antioxidant activity support the potential use of U. grisea as a natural source of therapeutic agents. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for these biological activities and evaluate the efficacy and safety of these extracts for potential pharmaceutical applications.

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Wolfender, J.-L., A. Gaudry, L. Quiros-Guerrero, O. Kirchhoffer, A. Rutz, L. Marcourt, B. David, et al. "Keynote Lecture “Strategies to prioritize the discovery of bioactive natural products – Chemical space exploration based on massive multi-informative metabolite networks”." In GA – 70th Annual Meeting 2022. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758918.

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Pitakbut, T., S. Kusari, O. Kayser, and M. Spiteller. "Isolation, purification and identification of 20 – hydroxymaytenin as a bioactive metabolite from Maytenus heterophylla liquid cell culture." In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399899.

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Uzelac, Branka, Dragana Stojičić, Snežana Budimir, Svetlana Tošić, Bojan Zlatković, Saša Blagojević, Branislav Manić, Mirjana Janjanin, and Violeta Slavkovska. "ESSENTIAL OILS AS POTENTIAL BIOCONTROL PRODUCTS AGAINST PLANT PATHOGENS AND WEEDS: IN VITRO CULTURE APPROACH." In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.345u.

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Secondary metabolism in plant plays a major role in the survival of the plant in its ecosystem, mediating the interaction of the plant with its environment. Plant bioactive compounds are biosynthesized as a defensive strategy of plants in response to natural perturbations. A number of biological effects have been associated with the main monoterpenoids detected in investigated Micromeria spp. and Clinopodium spp. essential oils. One alternative for the production of these prospective biocontrol products is in vitro plant tissue culture. Our data suggest that the metabolic potential of in vitro shoot cultures of selected species can be manipulated by varying in vitro culture conditions.

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Alfattani, A., EF Ferreira Queiroz, L. Marcourt, S. Leoni, P.-M. Allard, K. Perron, D. Stien, K. Gindro, and J.-L. Wolfender. "Efficient isolation of new bioactive metabolites from the marine endophytic fungi Fusarium solani." In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399828.

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Sgorbini, B., F. Capetti, C. Cagliero, A. Marengo, S. Acquadro, C. Bicchi, and P. Rubiolo. "Bio-guided fractionation of essential oils looking for plant bioactive secondary metabolites with potential hypoglycemic activity." In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399971.

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Nikolaou, IA, N. Tsafantakis, P. Vlachou, E. Baira, A. Sklirou, G. le Goff, C. Cheimonidi, et al. "Investigation of the marine microorganism Cladosporium halotolerans for the isolation and identification of bioactive metabolites with potential anti-aging activity." In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399892.

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Litaudon, M., F. Olivon, S. Remy, and D. Touboul. "Development of an innovative molecular networking-based approach for the discovery and targeted isolation of new bioactive metabolites from higher plants." In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399695.

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Brenna, J. Thomas. "How does knowledge of omega-3 fatty acids inform the food system?" In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/cfsw6115.

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With over 40,000 studies published, omega-3s are among most studied compounds in all of biology. We know a great deal about their metabolism, genetics, and nutrition that has not been translated into the global industrial food system. Development and maintenance of the human and general neural function depends on a balanced nutritional supply of omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA. Omega-3s are the most labile of oil components, leading to rancidity during processing and limiting shelf-life. Recent research has clarified the roles of the human FADS1 and FADS2 genes as key to conversion of precursor alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to bioactive products eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid ((DHA). FADS2 is a promiscuous desaturase enzyme that inserts double bonds at the 4, 6, and 8 positions and acts on at least 16 substrates including numerous saturated fatty acids, while FADS1 is highly specific to 5 desaturation and C20 substrates. FADS gene polymorphisms lead primarily to modulation of circulating arachidonic acid in free living humans, which is likely to influence omega-3 requirements through biochemical competition at many levels. Natural, pre-industrial diets are high in saturated and monounsaturated fats, and supply dietary essential fatty acids at less than 4% of calories. Such diets support endogenous EPA and DHA biosynthesis at relatively robust levels, while diets high in PUFA inhibit EPA/DHA tissue accretion and create a metabolic demand. Recent recommendations focus on gently processed healthy foods rich in shortfall nutrients despite high saturated fat content have been advanced. Dietary intake of EPA and DHA have effects specific to each fatty acid, and both are more efficiently incorporated into tissue than when derived from precursors. Current evidence is that both are required for optimal health.

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Al-Attiya, Wadha Ahmed Khalifa, Zahoor UI Hassan, Roda Al-Thani, and Samir Jaoua. "Prevalence of Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in Arabic Coffee: Protective Effect of Traditional Coffee Roasting, Brewing and Microbial Volatiles." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0067.

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Like other agricultural crops, fungal infection and synthesis of mycotoxins in coffee leads to significant economic losses. This study is aimed at investigating the prevalence of toxigenic fungi, their metabolites, and the effect of traditional roasting and brewing on ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxins (AFs) contents of naturally contaminated coffee samples. In addition, in vivo biocontrol assays were performed to explore the antagonistic activities of Bacillus simplex 350-3 (BS350-3) on the growth and mycotoxins synthesis potential of Aspergillus ochraceus and A. flavus. The relative density of A. niger, A. flavus, Penicillium verrucosum and A. carbonarius on green coffee bean was 60.82%, 7.21%, 3.09% and 1.03%, respectively. OTA contents were lowest in green coffee beans (2.15 µg/kg), followed by roasted (2.76 µg/kg) and soluble coffee (8.95 µg/kg). Likewise, AFs levels were highest in soluble coffee (90.58 µg/kg) followed by roasted (33.61 µg/kg) and green coffee (9.07 µg/kg). Roasting naturally contaminated coffee beans by three traditional styles; low, medium and high, followed by brewing resulted in reduction of 58.74%, 60.88% and 64.70% in OTA and 40.18%, 47.86% and 62.38% AFs contents, respectively. BS350-3 volatiles resulted in significant inhibition in AFs and OTA synthesis by A. flavus and A. carbonarius on infected coffee beans, respectively. Gas chromatography mass spectrochemistry (GC-MS/MS) analysis of headspace BS350-3 volatiles showed quinoline, benzenemethanamine and 1-Octadecene as bioactive antifungal molecules. These findings suggest that marketed coffee samples are generally contaminated with OTA and AFs; with a significant number of roasted and soluble coffee contaminated at the levels above EU permissible limits for OTA. Further, along with coffee roasting and brewing; microbial volatiles possess a promising potential, which can be optimized to minimize the dietary exposure to mycotoxins.

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