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Книги з теми "Natural background radiation"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 18 травня 2024

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1

Preliminary environmental natural radioactivity mapping of Lusaka. Lusaka: Republic of Zambia, Ministry of Finance and National Planning, 2005.

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2

International Symposium on the Natural Radiation Environment (6th 1995 Montréal, Québec). The natural radiation environment VI: Sixth International Symposium on the Natural Radiation Environment (NRE-VI), Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 5-9 June 1995. Edited by Hopke Philip K. 1944-. [Oxford?]: Pergamon, 1996.

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3

Tuttle, Robert J. The fourth source: Effects of natural nuclear reactors. Boca Raton: Universal-Publishers, 2012.

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4

International, Conference on High Levels of Natural Radiation and Radon Areas (6th 2004 Osaka Japan). High levels of natural radiation and radon areas: Radiation dose and health effects. San Diego, CA, USA: Elsevier, 2005.

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5

Protasevich, E. T. Natural electromagnetic background and long-lived glowing phenomena in the atmosphere. Tomsk: IPF TPU, 1995.

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6

Gilkeson, Robert H. Natural background radiation in the proposed Illinois SSC siting area. Champaign, Ill: Illinois State Geological Survey, 1988.

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7

European Commission. Directorate-General for Environment, Nuclear Safety, and Civil Protection., ed. Radiation protection 88: Recommendations for the implementation of Title VII of the European Basic Safety Standards Directive (BSS) concerning significant increase in exposure due to natural radiation sources. Luxembourg: Office for the Official Publications of the European Communities, 1997.

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8

International Symposium on the Natural Radiation Environment (8th 2007 Rio de Janeiro , Brazil). The natural radiation environment: 8th International Symposium (NRE VIII), Buzios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 7-12 October 2007. Edited by Paschoa A. S and Steinhäusler F. Melville, N.Y: American Institute of Physics, 2008.

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9

International Symposium on the Natural Radiation Environment (8th 2007 Rio de Janeiro , Brazil). The natural radiation environment: 8th International Symposium (NRE VIII), Buzios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 7-12 October 2007. Edited by Paschoa A. S and Steinhäusler F. Melville, N.Y: American Institute of Physics, 2008.

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10

Horner, Jack K. Natural radioactivity in water supplies. Boulder: Westview Press, 1985.

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11

Lüxin, Wei, Sugahara Tsutomu, and Tao Zufan, eds. High levels of natural radiation, 1996: Radiation dose and health effects : proceedings of the 4th International Conference on High Levels of Natural Radiation, held in Beijing, China on October 21 to 25, 1996. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1997.

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12

Werner, Burkart, Sohrabi Mehdi, and Bayer A, eds. High levels of natural radiation and radon areas: Radiation dose and health effects : proceedings of the 5th International Conference on High Levels of Natural Radiation and Radon Areas, held in Munich, Germany on September 4 to 7, 2000. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2002.

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13

Natural Background Radiation (Series on Environmental Science & Management). World Scientific Publishing Company, 2005.

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14

TENR - Technologically En hanced Natural Radiation (Radioactivity in the Environment). Pergamon, 2007.

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15

Communities, European. Recommendations for the Implementation of Title VII of the European Basic Standards Directive (BSS) Concerning Significant Increase in Exposure Due to Natural Radiation Sources. European Communities / Union (EUR-OP/OOPEC/OPOCE), 1997.

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16

National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements., ed. Exposure of the population in the United States and Canada from natural background radiation: Recommendations of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Bethesda, MD: The Council, 1987.

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17

Steinhäusler, F., J. P. McLaughlin, and E. S. Simopoulos. Natural Radiation Environment VII: Seventh International Symposium on the Natural Radiation Environment Rhodes, Greece, 20-24 May 2002. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2005.

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18

(Editor), Tsutomu Sugahara, Hiroshige Morishima (Editor), Mehdi Sohrabi (Editor), Yasuhito Sasaki (Editor), Isamu Hayata (Editor), and Suminori Akiba (Editor), eds. High Levels of Natural Radiation and Radon Areas: Radiation Dose and Health Effects: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on High Levels of ... 2004, ICS 1276 (International Congress). Elsevier, 2005.

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19

Horner, Jack K. Natural Radioactivity in Water Supplies. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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20

Exposure of the Population in the United States and Canada from Natural Background Radiation. Natl Council on Radiation, 1988.

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21

Exposure of the Population in the United States and Canada from Natural Background Radiation (N C R P Report). Natl Council on Radiation, 1988.

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22

(Editor), J. P. McLaughlin, E. S. Simopoulos (Editor), and F. Steinhäusler (Editor), eds. The Natural Radiation Environment VII, Volume 7: Seventh International Symposium on the Natural Radiation Environment (NRE-VII) Rhodes, Greece, 20-24 May 2002 (Radioactivity in the Environment). Elsevier Science, 2005.

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23

(Editor), J. P. McLaughlin, E. S. Simopoulos (Editor), and F. Steinhäusler (Editor), eds. The Natural Radiation Environment VII, Volume 7: Seventh International Symposium on the Natural Radiation Environment (NRE-VII) Rhodes, Greece, 20-24 May 2002 (Radioactivity in the Environment). Elsevier Science, 2005.

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24

Kraft, Jeannette Kathrin, and Peter Howells. Ionizing radiation and radiation protection. Edited by Christopher G. Winearls. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0010_update_001.

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Анотація:

Ionizing radiation continues to revolutionize the diagnostic process in medicine. However, it comes with risks to patients and staff. The amount of radiation patients receive is rising, mainly due to the use of high-dose examinations such as computed tomography and image-guided interventional procedures. In some countries, the amount of radiation a population receives from medical use is already larger than that from natural background radiation. A basic knowledge of radiation effects on the human body and radiation protection principles enables clinicians to assess potential risks associated with ionizing radiation and guides the choice of investigation.

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25

GonzÁlez, Amy Berrington de, André Bouville, Preetha Rajaraman, and Mary Schubauer-Berigan. Ionizing Radiation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0013.

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Ionizing radiation is a universal carcinogen due to its ability to induce cancer in most organs following exposure at any age, including in utero. Several organs are especially radiosensitive, particularly when exposure occurs in childhood. These include the female breast, thyroid, brain, and red bone marrow. Very few cancers, notably cervical and Hodgkin lymphoma, do not seem to be related to ionizing radiation, for unknown reasons. For most cancers (lung may be the exception) the relative risk decreases with attained age and time since exposure. Currently the main sources of radiation exposure to the general population involve very low-dose (<50 mGy) natural background exposure (including residential radon) and medical exposures, such as computed tomography (CT) scans. Natural background exposure varies by location but is generally stable over time. Medical exposure has been increasing in many countries due to the expanded use of advanced imaging technologies.

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26

Kraft, Jeannette Kathrin, and Peter Howells. Ionizing radiation and radiation protection. Edited by Michael Weston. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0131.

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Анотація:

Ionizing radiation has been revolutionizing the diagnostic process in medicine. However, its use is not without risk, necessitating protection of patients and staff from potential harm. The amount of radiation patients receive continues to rise, mainly due to the use of high-dose examination techniques such as computed tomography and image-guided interventional procedures. In some countries, the amount of radiation a population receives from medical use is already larger than that from natural background radiation. Therefore, a basic knowledge of radiation effects on the human body, radiation protection principles, and relevant legislation is of great importance to all clinicians. This will enable doctors to assess potential risks associated with ionizing radiation in medical imaging and to make an informed choice when different investigations are available to assess a patient.

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27

Horner, Jack K. Natural Radioactivity in Water Supplies. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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28

Horner, Jack K. Natural Radioactivity in Water Supplies. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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29

Horner, Jack K. Natural Radioactivity in Water Supplies. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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30

Horner, Jack K. Natural Radioactivity in Water Supplies. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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31

Wright, A. G. Signal-induced background. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199565092.003.0011.

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Signal-induced background has a time dependence that distinguishes it from the sources discussed in Chapter 6. These events refer to a progression in which a signal generates a subsequent one, correlated in time to the initial detection. The timescale for correlated background ranges from nanoseconds to days. The earliest signal is a prepulse generated by a photon incident on d1. Late pulses relate to the k-to-d1, and k-to-anode transit time. The next category, the afterpulses, spans ~100 ns to 10 μ‎s, with a peaked time distribution. There is a long-lived source of photons, extending to days and caused by exposure of a photomultiplier to bright light or to nuclear radiation. Afterpulses contribute to the slope of a photon-counting plateau characteristic, distort fluorescent decay, and pulse shape discrimination measurements. They also affect resolution, and processes of a statistical nature.

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