Дисертації з теми "Native virus"
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Young, Katie. "Development of native and recombinant mumps virus subunit nasal vaccines using Protollin technology." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92188.
Повний текст джерелаEight-week old BALB/c female mice were vaccinated with two or three doses of MuV antigen (4 or 8 micrograms) with or without 4 micrograms of Prl. Weight and behaviours were monitored to assess safety, and serum, respiratory secretions and splenocytes were obtained at study termination to assess MuV-specific immunity.
All vaccines were well-tolerated. Administration of 8 micrograms of MuV-Prl induced greater serum and mucosal antibodies than MuV antigen alone. MuV-Prl vaccines seemed to favour a Th1-type immune environment. Serum antibodies induced were capable of neutralizing MuV in vitro.
The intranasal MuV-Prl vaccine was safe and immunogenic. Future work will focus on the development of a trivalent MMR-Prl vaccine. Such a vaccine will be of great interest to the global health community.
Nous avons voulu explorer la faisabilité d'un vaccin contre le virus des oreillons (VdO) inactivé et administré par voie intra-nasale, et combiné avec l'adjuvant Protollin (Prl). Notre laboratoire a généré et a caractérisé des antigènes de virion entier désintégré utilisant un détergent. Des souris femelles de souche BALB/c âgées de huit semaines ont été vaccinées avec deux ou trois doses de VdO désintégré en antigène (4 ou 8 µg), avec ou sans 4 µg Prl. Les souris ont été suivies afin d'évaluer l'innocuité; des sérums et des sécrétions des muqueuses ont été obtenus à des intervalles afin d'évaluer l'immunité spécifique de VdO.
Tous les vaccins ont été bien tolérés chez les souris. Les vaccins VdO-Prl ont produit un plus grand taux d'IgG sériques et IgA au niveau de la muqueuse comparés aux vaccins VdO utilisés seuls. Les vaccins VdO-Prl ont tendance à générer une réponse immunitaire déviée sur Th1. Les anticorps sériques étaient capables de neutraliser le VdO.
Nous avons démontré que l'ensemble des vaccins de virus inactivés VdO-Prl administrés par voie intra-nasale est sans danger est immunogénique. Nous voulons générer un vaccin inactivé trivalent rougeole-oreillons-rubéole combiné avec le Prl. Un tel vaccin serait utile.
Abroi, Aare. "The determinants for the native activities of the bovine papilloma virus type 1 E2 protein are separable /." Online version, 2004. http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/bitstream/10062/1348/5/abroi.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLeggewie, Mayke [Verfasser], and Tim-Wolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Gilberger. "Susceptibility of Culex species native to Germany for West Nile virus and the role of Wolbachia in virus-vector interaction / Mayke Leggewie ; Betreuer: Tim-Wolf Gilberger." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1148650571/34.
Повний текст джерелаMatanin, Brad Matthew. "Purification of the major envelope protein GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from native virions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33194.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Jones, Taylor J. "Documentation of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses in wine grape varieties and native grape species in Virginia, and examination of the movement of grapevine leafroll disease to develop management strategies." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49567.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science in Life Sciences
Tangkanond, Wipa. "Molecular Evolution of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Nature." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526948.
Повний текст джерелаAtlan, Hervé. "Nature et origine des virus mammifères présents dans les eaux de surface." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P043.
Повний текст джерелаMasiri, Jongkit Murphy John F. "The nature of cucumber mosaic virus-induced symptoms in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1977.
Повний текст джерелаAsghar, Naveed. "Ticks and Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus : From Nature to Infection." Doctoral thesis, Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-31153.
Повний текст джерелаVektorburna sjukdomar är ett växande globalt hot mot både människor och djur. De pågående klimatförändringarna kan leda till förhöjda risker för infektioner överförda av myggor, fästingar och andra leddjursvektorer. Ixodes ricinus är en vanlig fästing i Europa som överför fästingburna patogener som är farliga för människor. Fästingburen encefalit (TBE) är en vektorburen sjukdom som orsakas av TBE-virus (TBEV). De pågående klimatförändringarna har bidragit till en ökning både av vektorn och sjukdomsfrekvensen. Mellan 10 000 och 15 000 mänskliga TBE-fall rapporteras årligen i Europa och Asien. Den geografiska fördelningen av TBEV visar ett ojämnt fördelningsmönster där viruset är koncentrerat till vissa fokusområden. TBEV återfinns i naturen i en livscykel där viruset hela tiden överförs mellan fästingar och däggdjur. Spridningen sker dels från en infekterad fästing till ett ryggradsdjur när fästingen äter på värddjuret. Spridning mellan fästingar sker troligen främst genom så kallad “co-feeding”, det vill säga att flera fästingar suger blod samtidigt från samma värddjur. Viruset kan då passera från en infekterad fästing, genom värddjuret till oinfekterade fästingar. Virus kan identifieras och studeras med genetiska metoder. Det ökande antalet TBE-fall i Skandinavien styrker vikten av att hitta och karakterisera ytterligare TBEV-stammar och identifiera nya naturliga fokusområden. Vi har sekvenserat och fylogenetiskt beskrivit fyra TBEV-stammar: Saringe-2009 (blodfylld nymf), JP-296 (födosökande vuxen hane), JP-554 (födosökande vuxen hane) och Mandal-2009 (födosökande nymfer, n = 10). Mandal-2009 är ett TBEV från ett naturligt fokusområde i södra Norge. Saringe-2009 kommer från ett naturligt fokusområde i norra Stockholms län, Sverige. JP-296 och JP-554 härstammar från Torö som är ett naturligt fokusområde i södra Stockholms län, Sverige. Förutom den genetiska sekvenseringen av TBEV har vi också studerat effekten av olika biotiska och abiotiska faktorer på populationsdynamik av I. ricinus i södra Stockholm och observerade variation i fästingsaktivitetsmönster både temporalt och spatialt. Förekomstmönster av fästinglarver, nymfer och vuxna honor, och det totala antalet fästingar är viktiga faktorer för sannolikheten för horisontell överföring av TBEV mellan fästingar. Vi fann att sannolikheten för synkron förekomst av larver, nymfer och honor var högst under försommaren. Vegetationshöjd, mängden skog och mängd öppet vatten runt undersökningsområden hade signifikanta negativa effekter på sannolikheten för att larver, nymfer och honor skulle förekomma samtidigt. Den variabla delen av den icke-kodande 3 ́regionen (3'NCR) av TBEV-genomet innehåller ofta en intern poly(A)-sekvens. Liksom andra RNA-virus, förekommer TBEV som så kallade ”quasispecies” vilka definieras som grupper av olika genetiska varianter av virus. Genom analysen av TBEV-stam Saringe-2009 avslöjades variation i poly(A)-sekvensen vilket indikerar förekomst av ”quasispecies”. Eftersom Saringe-2009 kom från en blodfylld nymf som hade sugit blod i > 60 timmar, föreslår vi att Saringe-2009 visar en förändring i ”quasispecies”-poolen när viruset överförs från exoterm fästingmiljö till endoterm däggdjursmiljö. Vi undersökte poly(A)-ekvensens variabilitet och dess roll vid replikering och för virulens hos TBEV, genom att skapa två infektiösa kloner av Torö-2003 stammen; en med en kort/vild-typ (A)3C(A)6 poly(A)-sekkvens, och en med en lång (A)3C(A)38 poly(A)-sekvens. Den infektiösa klonen med lång poly(A)-sekvens replikerade sämre än vildtypklonen i cellkultur, men (A)3C(A)38 poly(A) var mer virulent i C57BL/6-möss än (A)3C(A)6 poly(A). Datasimulering av TBEV-genomets sekundär-RNA-struktur visade att de längre poly(A)-sekvenserna påverkar veckningen av en specifik sekundärstruktur (SL14) i början av 3 ́NCR. Djupsekvenseringsanalys av TBEV-gnomen avslöjade skillnader för specifika gener och ”quasispecies”-strukturen efter passering i cellkultur och/eller mushjärna. Dessa förändringar föreslås bidra till de observerade skillnaderna i virulens. Våra resultat indikerar att den långa poly(A)-sekvensen ger instabilitet i TBEV-genomet, vilket resulterar i ökad mångfald av ”quasispecies”-populationen som i sin tur kan bidra till TBEV-virulens. Fylogenetisk analys av Saringe-2009, JP-296, JP-554 och Mandal-2009 visade på ett nära släktskap mellan de fyra skandinaviska TBEV-stammarna. De nya stammarna formerade ett kluster med en tidigare TBEV-stam identifierad på Torö (Toro-2003), vilket skapade ett skandinaviskt klad. Genetisk analys visade att Mandal-2009 innehåller en trunkerad 3 ́NCR som liknar den högvirulenta stammen HYPR. JP-296 och JP-554 hade däremot samma genetiska struktur som den längre Torö-2003 stammen från samma fokusområde. Djupsekvensering visade höge mångfald av ”quasispecies”-populationen för JP-296 och JP- 554 jämfört med Mandal-2009. Analys av enkel nukleotid polymorfism (SNP) visade att 40 % av alla SNP var gemensamma mellan ”quasispecies”-populationen för JP-296 och JP-554. Detta indikerar att TBEV-”quasispecies”-strukturen kan vara konserverad för närbesläktade virus vilken kan leda till att den bevaras inom specifika fokusområden. Sammantaget så visar dessa studier att miljöfaktorer påverkar förekomsten av fästingvektorn och dess olika livsstadier, vilket är en bakomliggande faktor för utbredning av TBEV i naturliga fokusområden. Det visar även på att värdmiljön påverkar strukturen för ”quasispecies”-populationen. Dessutom visar våra studier att evolution och utveckling av ”quasispecies”-strukturen kan påverka virulensen för TBEV i möss.
Godoy, Bibiane Armiliato. "História evolutiva do vírus da hepatite B em populações nativas americanas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/129490.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic DNA virus that presents a partially double-stranded circular genome. Based on sequence divergence of the complete genome, ten HBV evolutionary lineages, called “genotypes” have been described (A-J), with F and H being considered as indigenous from the Americas. HBV genotypes present a remarkable geographic structure which may reflect historic patterns of human migrations. In South America, areas of high endemism include the Amazon basin, and high prevalence rates have been observed in Native American populations. Although the strong geographical structure indicates an ancient origin, most analysis trying to date the origin of the “American” genotypes F and H result in extremely recent dates that disagree with historical events related with HBV. Objective: The aims of this study comprise evaluate the impact of different evolutionary rates and of the purifying selection on molecular dating estimates in order to infer which rates are in better agreement with the origin of HBV in the Americas; to characterize the HBV circulating in a historical sample of Native Americans, and discussing the historical processes that might be relevant to understand the observed patterns. Materials and Methods: We performed a Bayesian analysis using the available sequences of F and H genotypes and different evolutionary rates previously reported, and compared the occurrence of synonymous and non-synonymous mutations in branches of phylogeny classified as “old” or “young” in order to infer the effects of purifying selection over time. For the characterization of HBV from Native American populations, detection and amplification of viral DNA were obtained through PCR followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Bayesian Skyline Plot analysis was performed to compare the population dynamics of the A1 subgenotype present in the sample of Native American and in other strains isolated from Brazil. Results and Conclusion: Our results show that molecular dating estimates are strongly influenced by the evolutionary rate assumed in the analysis. In addition, we observed an excess of non-synonymous mutations in recent branches of phylogeny, which is compatible with the occurrence of purifying selection and may create a bias on the estimates, producing too recent datings. In the sample of Native Americans, we observed a predominance of the A1 subgenotype, related with African populations. Skyline Plot analysis showed that population expansion in strains isolated from Native Americans is more recent than that inferred from other Brazilian strains, suggesting that the historical processes that contributed to the presence of A1 subgenotype A1 Native Americans are related with more recent migratory waves towards the Amazon region.
Mwanga, Robert O. "Nature of Resistance and Response of Sweetpotato to Sweetpotato Virus Disease." NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20010726-134730.
Повний текст джерелаABSTRACTSweetpotato virus disease (SPVD) is a devastating disease due to the dual infection and synergistic interaction of sweetpotato feathery mottle potyvirus (SPFMV) and sweetpotato chlorotic stunt crinivirus (SPCSV). This study was conducted to: 1) determine the inheritance of resistance to SPVD in sweetpotato; 2) estimate the nature of genetic variance; and 3) evaluate methods for screening large populations for resistance to SPVD. The genetic basis of resistance to SPVD was investigated in three studies. The first genetic study consisted of a randomized block design at two sites in Uganda, during 1998-2000, using 45 full-sib diallel (half) families of 10 parental clones varying in SPVD resistance. The second study also conducted in Uganda, examined progeny from 15 promising sweetpotato diallel families (1352 genotypes), while the third examined two of the most promising families (294 genotypes) from the same diallel at the International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru. Genetic component analysis of the 45 diallel families showed significant general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects for resistance to SPVD. GCA to SCA variance components ratios were large (0.51-0.87) and resistant parents exhibited high GCA, indicating that additive gene effects were predominant in the inheritance of resistance to SPVD and recovery. Use of a suitable sweetpotato genotype for increase of SPVD inoculum and modified cleft graft inoculation led to rapid progress in screening large populations for SPVD resistance. The distribution of SPVD scores in the promising families was skewed toward highly susceptible categories, in Uganda and Peru. Inoculation of the two families at CIP with either SPCSV or SPFMV, and Mendelian segregation analysis for resistant versus susceptible categories for the two viruses suggest that resistance to SPCSV and SPFMV is conditioned by two, separate recessive genes. In the proposed model for inheritance, the two genes are unlinked and they are inherited in a hexasomic or tetradisomic manner. Based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and quantitative trait (QTL) loci analyses we identified two AFLP unlinked markers associated with loci conferring resistance to SPCSV and SPFMV in these progenies. We propose spcsv1 and spfmv1 to be the names of the genes.
Rehman, Shafiq-ur. "The nature and consequences of the hepatitis C virus E1E2 envelope gene variability." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.575462.
Повний текст джерелаHawes, Philippa Catherine. "Investigating the nature of structural intermediates in the assembly of African swine fever virus." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533730.
Повний текст джерелаWilliamson, I. G. "The nature of Bell's palsy : its aetiology, and the role of Herpes simplex virus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27055.
Повний текст джерелаAl-Moudayfer, Zeinab Solaiman Mohammed. "The nature of cell death during the hypersensitive response in plants due to virus infection." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397145.
Повний текст джерелаSegonds-Jeantet, Christine. "Synthèses et évaluations biologiques de composés polyanioniques de nature glycosidique inhibiteurs du virus d'immunodéficience humaine." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20189.
Повний текст джерелаHipper, Clémence. "Nature du complexe viral impliqué dans le mouvement à longue distance du virus de la jaunisse du navet." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ063/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the project, Turnip yellows virus (TuYV) transport in the phloem was analysed. The first objective was to identify the nature of the viral complex involved in vascular movement: virions and/or ribonucleoprotein complexes. Mutant viruses were modified in the capsid protein gene to inhibit formation of virions. By analyzing their movement in different host plants, in the absence or in the presence of the wild-type capsid proteins brought in trans, we demonstrated a strong relation between virion formation and virus long-distance movement. The second objective was to identify cellular partners of the TuYV-P4 protein, a putative movement protein which is host-specific. Two proteins were identified by screening a cDNA library of A. thaliana using the yeast two hybrid technique, and their function in the virus cycle was assessed by performing sub-cellular localizations and infection of A. thaliana KO mutants
Sherwani, Subuhi. "Investigation of the infectious cycle of Molluscum contagiosum virus in human skin and the nature of MCV induced immunity." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/57429/.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Yonghong. "The cellular immune response and virological nature of human immunodeficiency virus-1 in infected slow progressors plasma donors in China." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510406.
Повний текст джерелаChevallier, Patrice. "Infection par l'herpesvirus humain de type 6 (HHV-6) après allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques : influence de la nature du greffon sur la réactivation virale." Nantes, 2013. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=76376e2b-15e7-4bfd-a3f2-cd60005a1fde.
Повний текст джерелаCord blood (CB) is increasingly used as an alternative source of graft in adults with hematologic malignancies, predisposing patients to a theoretical increased risk of infections. In a retrospective study, we compared the incidence of CMV, EBV and HHV-6 viral infections after allogeneic transplantation using stem cells issued from either unrelated donor or cord blood (CB). A very significant increase in the frequency and intensity of HHV6 infections was observed in patients receiving CB grafts. To explain this phenomenon, we then determined the cellular composition and the CD46 (ubiquitous HHV-6 membrane cell receptor) expression in several types of blood and graft sources. These data, obtained by multi-parametric flow cytometry analyses, showed a very significant deficiency in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs, cells professionally involved in antiviral defense of the organism through production of type 1 interferon) and lower CD46 cells expression in CB grafts. Finally, to clarify the possible effects of the virus on cell functions, we performed preliminary in vitro experiments consisting on HHV-6 infection of sorted human peripheral pDCs issued from healthy donors. These early data showed a modulation of CD80 and CD86 expressions on pDCs associated with a significant stimulation of type 1 IFN-alpha secretion by these cells. So far, the significant influence of cord blood graft source on HHV-6 reactivation after allogeneic transplantation remains to be elucidated
Leobold, Matthieu. "Démonstration fonctionnelle de la nature virale des particules sans ADN de la guêpe parasitoïde venturia canescens." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4017.
Повний текст джерелаViral particles devoid of DNA called VLPs (for Virus-Like Particles) are specifically produced in the ovaries of the parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens and line the chorion of the wasp’s eggs injected into the host caterpillar. VLPs are immunosuppressive and allow parasitoid eggs survival. These VLPs result from the integration of a nudivirus into the wasp ancestor genome, nudivirus which was then domesticated to form viral liposomes capable of carrying, into the host, virulence proteins of cellular origin. The aim of the study carried out during this thesis was, first, to analyze the viral domestication mechanisms that led to the current endogenous symbiotic virus called VcENV (for V. canescens endogenous nudivirus) and secondly to provide some answers on VLPs morphogenesis process and parasitic mode of action
Harris, Clea D. "The Germ Theory of Dystopias: Fears of Human Nature in 1984 and Brave New World." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/699.
Повний текст джерелаSaurabh, Suman. "Nature of Inter-biomolecular interaction and its consequences : protein, DNA and their Complexes." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4052/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe biological world is full of mysteries. The understanding of many extremely complex biological processes is greatly improved by the combination of approaches borrowed from different disciplines such as chemistry and more recently physics. Physics uses experimental tools such as optical tweezers and optical and electron microscopes to explore the microscopic mechanisms taking place in the cell. Knowledge of the nature of the interactions between biomolecules and the possibility of translating these interactions into equations allowed physics to construct models that are simple, but contain the ingredients sufficient to describe a specific mechanism. The numerical simulation of such models improves our understanding of the relationship between relevant molecular-scale mechanisms and experimental observations of biological phenomena. The structural organization of biomolecular complexes is a process that involves various scales of length and time
Ahmad, Doaa. "Grönstrukturens funktion och betydelse för studenternas återhämtning (under covid-19 restriktioner)." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-18791.
Повний текст джерелаPrevious research has shown that exposure to the green environment provides health benefits. These benefits indicate among other things, recovery effect of stress, fatigue and attention-exhaustion, which is especially important for university students. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether there is a connection between university students' contact with the green structure in / near the study-environment and the students' experience of their study environment during the covid-19 restrictions. This with the help of a diary-survey as a pilot-study and telephone interviews. The analysis tool consisted of theoretical frameworks, Attention Restoration Theory (ART) and Stress Reduction Theory (SRT). Results and analysis have confirmed Attention Restoration Theory (ART), where it states that green natural environments have a recovery effect and attracts attention after a mental fatigue. In addition, it also confirmed the Stress Recovery Theory (SRT), which states that green natural environments have a positive effect on stress reduction, processing and recovery. The conclusion of this study is that green structure is of great importance to university students, as everyone chooses to reside or get in touch with green nature in one way or another, for example going for a walk in a green environment or staying in a cottage in the forest. That nature is a part of the students' everyday life seems to be above all an unconscious experience for most and takes place without recognition or processing of the environment. However, it appears that the process may be conscious for some students.
Arthur, Kieren. "Genome sequence and variation in the Australian native velvet tobacco mottle virus." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69203.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2011
Sperlich, Caroline. "Anzucht, Aufreinigung und partielle Charakterisierung von Kleinen Virus-ähnlichen Partikeln des JC-Virus." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B227-2.
Повний текст джерела陳姿妤. "The Comparison of Pathogenicity on Native and Invaded strain of Classical Swine Fever Virus." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36382210177976168954.
Повний текст джерела國立中興大學
獸醫病理學研究所
90
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting swine and generating leucopoenia and immunosuppression. At least two major genotypes, named native strain such as 94.4 isolate and new invaded strain such us Ping-Tung isolate of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), have been identified in Taiwan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences of pathogenicity and replication kinetics between two genotypes of CSFV in vivo. In order to minimize the influence of virus virulence following the passage of virus in cell culture, the new invaded Ping-Tung and native 94.4 isolates were repeatedly replicated in pigs for the recovery as well as amplification of viruses. The whole blood samples were collected at the peak of disease after inoculation. The pathological scores based on clinical signs, pathological lesions and histopathological examination were calculated to evaluate the differences of the pathogenicity between viruses. Moreover, RT-PCR, virus isolation and IFA were applied to assess the distributions and titers of viruses in organs during the course of infection. The results demonstrated that no significant hemorrhage and spleen infarct were noticed even after a four-time passage of the native 94.4 in pigs. However, the Ping-Tung isolate caused clinical signs more severe including fever duration, hemorrhage, and encephalitis during the period of infection. The results of nested RT-PCR also indicated that the new invaded Ping-Tung isolate had higher replication rate than the native 94.4 in tonsil, spleen, thymus, kidney and bone marrow in vivo. In addition, the porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) were collected and used to evaluate virus titer and cytokine profiles after inoculation. The results revealed that CSFV could infect and replicate in PAM and also downregulate the m-RNA of TNF-a in pigs. In conclusion, the new invaded Ping-Tung isolate surpassed the native 94.4 in pathogenicity and in replication, that might contribute to the reason for why domination of new invaded strain in fields in Taiwan.
Thu, Wen-Liang, and 徐玟良. "Infection of subgroup J avian leukosis virus in native and broiler chickens in Taiwan." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53661798525086343010.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
獸醫學研究所
90
Subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) has become more and more important because its rapid horizontal spread, and it causes body weight suppression in commercial broilers. Since Taiwan broiler breeders are imported from other countries, we would like to know the situation of ALV-J infection in Taiwan broilers as the breeding companies claim that they have controlled the ALV-J infection in their breeders. Furthermore, there was no information on ALV-J infection in native chickens in Taiwan. Thus, the objectives of this study were to investigate the situation of ALV-J infection in broilers and native chickens in Taiwan. Because commercial ELISA kit had false positive reaction, virus isolation and RT-PCR were used for identification of ALV-J infection. We had totally investigated 8 commercial broiler flocks from a slaughter house, and 5 of them were infected with ALV-J (62.5%). We had investigated 4 native chicken flocks and 1 native chicken breeder flocks, and only the native chicken breeder showed ALV-J infection. Immunotolerant infection was suspected in the native breeder chickens since they showed viremia and lack of antibody (V+A-). The sequences of the gp85 gene of ALV-J isolates from breeders, broilers and native chickens were 94-100% identity among them. Phylogenetic trees showed that Taiwan isolates fell into two lineages. And it indicated those isolates had no relation to poultry flocks and breeders. Furthermore, Phylogenetic trees showed isolates could be grouped together by time they isolated, and virus variation could be saw during past 3 years (2000-2002). Thought commercial application of the eradication program over several years has resulted in a marked reduction in the prevalence of ALV-J in overseas breeding company, according to our research, Taiwan is still highly contaminated by ALV-J. So we have to control ALV-J infection strictly in Taiwan.
Lee, Hao, and 李澔. "Studies on the secondary metabolites and their anti-dengue virus activities from native Metarhizium anisopliae." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6mvz9u.
Повний текст джерела國立屏東科技大學
生物科技系
106
Metarhizium anisopliae is a kind of entomopathogenic fungi on insects, it is distributed all over the world. The main application for this fungi is as a pest control for crops, acting as a biological pesticide. In previous studies, Metarhizium anisopliae was able to produce a large quantity of secondary metabolites containing anticancer and antiviral activities. In this study, Metarhizium anisopliae MA-126 was cultured into solid-state fermentation and liquid state fermentation. After partition extraction, the NS2B protein had 35% and 10% inhibition rate when both of them have 50μg/ml concentration on ethyl acetate layer. The ethyl acetate layer was purified by LH-20 column, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to yield eight compounds. Compound1-4 are separation from liquid state fermentation(5S,8S,9R)-8-benzoyl-9-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-1-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione(1), (3S,3aR,7aS)-3a,7a-dihydroxy-3-((S)-1'-hydroxy-4'-methylpent-3'-en-1'-yl)-4-methoxy-3-methylhexahydroisobenzofuran-5(3H)-(2), chlovalicin(3), (4S,4aR,5S,8aR)-4,4a,8a-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-4-methyl-3-(3'-methylbut-2'-en-1'-yl)octahydro-6H-isothiochromen-6-one(4), compound 5-8 are separation from solid state fermentation. Destruxin A(5), Destruxin B(6), Destruxin E chlorohydrin(7) and Destruxin E diol(8). All structures were elucidated by NMR spectra techniques, including 1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY, with physical data(mass spectrometry, optical rotation, IR spectrometry), also compare with the compound data in the literature to establish.Compound 1 is the new compound, compound 1-4 are the first natural compounds isolated from Metarhizium anisopliae.
Chen, Hui-Jen, and 陳慧真. "Serological investigation and development of ELISA in Taiwan hybrid native chicken for subgroup J avian leukosis virus." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27480447991454297332.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
獸醫學研究所
92
Control of subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) is mainly through elimination, and the first challenge is to differentiate between the infected and noninfected chickens. Methods for direct detection of ALV-J include the detection of viral RNA and viral antigen, or indirect detection for antibodies. However all of the currently available diagnostic methods have some limitation. The specific aim of this study is to develop more useful diagnostic methods for detecting ALV-J. In this study, partial gp85 gene, which included three variable regions: vr3, hr1 and hr2, was cloned into pRSET B and expressed in BL21(DE3). The expressed protein gp85N was used to develop indirect ELISA for detecting ALV-J specific antibody but this indirect ELISA had nonspecific reaction. The same gene fragment was used to prepare monoclonal antibodies. Two monoclonal antibodies, mAb14 and mAb22, were obtained and used to detect ALV-J antigen. The results indicate that both mAb14 and mAb22 react with gp85N, but only the later could detect ALV-J virus. In order to increase economic benefits, the poultry industries hybrid broiler breeder and native chicken in Taiwan and ALV-J was introduced into Taiwan by this way. But the situation of ALV-J infection in hybrid native chickens was unclear. The serological investigation was done for hybrid native chickens. In this study, 10 flocks of breeder and 40 flocks of meat-type chicken were investigated. Breeder flocks was 100% (10/10) ALV-J antibody positive no matter the male or female, meat-type-chicken flocks was 15% (3/20) ALV-J antibody positive in male and 10% (2/ 20) ALV-J antibody positive in female. The results of serological investigation indicate ALV-J is widespread among hybrid native chickens. Furthermore, tumors induced by ALV-J were seen in broiler breeder and layer breeder, and viruses were isolated from these clinical cases during 2002-2004 reveal that ALV-J still exists in broiler breeder and layer breeder flocks.
Chen, Ying-Cheng, and 陳盈丞. "Virus infection affects interspecific competition among the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and native ants in Taiwan." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31061963444316654765.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
昆蟲學研究所
97
The fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) eradication program has been carried out in Taiwan since 2004. It certainly effectively restrains the populations of fire ant on treatment areas. Unfortunately, the reinfection or new infection site by natural nuptial flight of monogyne colony are still promulgated. Current new approaches to manage fire ants are integrating biological control agents with baits applications. This study aims to investigate alternative suitable biological control agents in Taiwan, and examines how SINV-1 (Solenopsis invicta virus-1) infection affects interspecific competition between incipient S. invicta against two native ants, Pheidole fervens and Monomorium chinense, by conducting two levels of trial, colony interference and individual confrontation, in laboratory conditions. The results from colony interference study showed that both native ants owing numerical advantages were capable to kill either infected or healthy queens of S. invicta. There was a significant less time for M. chinense to eliminate SINV-1 infected S. invicta compared to healthy ones. All S. invicta could repulse the invading of equal worker numbers of P. fervens. Compared with healthy S. invicta, SINV-1 infected S. invicta spent longer time to terminate P. fervens colonies. Virus infection was observed to have significant effects on foraging behavior and invading willingness of S. invicta. SINV-1 infected S. invicta recruited lesser number of foragers than healthy one, and in particular on competitive native ants were present. In confrontation trial M. chinense caused significant greater mortality on infected S. invicta minors than did on healthy ones. However, S. invicta majors (either infected or healthy) performed high competitive abilities against M. chinense, which might account for chemical defense and/or size advantages. In dealing with P. fervens, one cannot but admit that soldiers indeed function in defense, which caused S. invicta high mortality. These data suggest that virus may somehow weaken the competitive ability of infected S. invicta and make them prone to be terminated by M. chinense but not by P. fervens. Chemical interference by M. chinense might be a more likely influencing factor on mortality of infected S. invicta than the physical combat by P. fervens. Results from this study highlight the likely success on area-wide control of S. invicta in Taiwan by an alternative strategy that involves integration of competitors and pathogen.
Chen, Yu-Ling, and 陳昱伶. "Expression, purification and characterization of Taiwan-native norovirus GII.4 2006b virus-like particle and small P particle in Pichia pastoris." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u349c3.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
生化科技學系
107
Norovirus (NoV) is one of the leading causes of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. Due to the lack of a reliable and efficient cell culture system for producing inactivated or attenuated whole NoV vaccines, the development of NoV vaccines relies largely on virus-like particles (VLPs) formed by the major capsid protein VP1 or subviral particles formed by the exterior protrusion (P) domain of VP1. The P particle is composed of 12 P dimers and revealed the same antigenic types as VLP. Additionally, due to the presence of three outermost surface loops in the P domain, the P particle could serve as a platform for carrying foreign antigens. The goal of this study is to provide the fundamental understanding of different constructs of P particles formed by the P domain of NoV strain GII.4 isolated from Taiwan to establish the multiple antigen presentation platform. The P domain was expressed in Pichia pastoris, a well-known expression system with several advantages including high cell density fermentation at low cost and non-risk of endotoxin. The production of NoV P protein reached 220 mg/L as a soluble form in fermentation cultures. The overexpression P protein provided the cornerstone for the development of tag-free P protein purification schemes. For purification of tag-free P protein, based on the charge and the surface histidine in native NoV, two purification schemes were developed: (1) The host cell proteins and the target P protein were separated by the difference of the binding strength to the chromatography column. Using anion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography purification schemes, NoV P protein with high purity was obtained. However, the P protein recovery was 2.5%. (2) Using the HisTrap affinity column and anion-exchange column, the native NoV P protein was purified, and recovery and purity were 28.1% and 82.1%, respectively. Besides, the NoV major capsid protein VP1 was also purified using the HisTrap affinity column and gel filtration column. The purity of NoV VP1 protein was over 90% and the recovery was 20%. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the purified NoV VP1 revealed that VP1 proteins were self-assembled into particles, and these particles remained HBGA binding ability as evidenced by saliva binding assay. Similar to P-His protein, the P protein also formed biologically functional small P particle composed by six of P dimer. The purified P-His and P protein, analyzed by TEM and DLS, were also revealed triangle-, square- and ring-shaped. Previous studies showed that the small P particles were only found with C-terminus modification. Without terminal modification, small P particles were formed in this study. The amino acid sequence analysis showed only four different amino acids between the P domain in this study and other investigated GII.4 strains, suggesting that these amino acids might play an important role in P particle formation. To extend the application of the small P particle, the green fluorescent protein was used to mimic the foreign antigen and inserted into NoV P loop2 distal end. From gel filtration and fluorescent microscopy, the chimera small P proteins were self-assembly into chimera small P particles and showed green fluorescence. It was indicated that these Taiwan native small P particle can be an antigen presentation platform. This study was the first report of NoV P protein covering overexpression in P. pastoris, easy handling tag-free purification schemes, and formation of small P particles without terminal modification as foreign antigen displaying platform.
CAI, MEI-ZHEN, and 蔡美珍. "The nature of citrus tatter leaf virus." Thesis, 1986. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53591600776698818678.
Повний текст джерелаAlderete, Liliana Marisol. "Desarrollo de metodologías para la producción in vitro de especies nativas de Glandularia libre de virus." Tesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10915/40711.
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