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Статті в журналах з теми "Native plants"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 30 липня 2024

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1

Pearse, Ian S., and Andrew L. Hipp. "Native plant diversity increases herbivory to non-natives." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1794 (November 7, 2014): 20141841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1841.

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There is often an inverse relationship between the diversity of a plant community and the invasibility of that community by non-native plants. Native herbivores that colonize novel plants may contribute to diversity–invasibility relationships by limiting the relative success of non-native plants. Here, we show that, in large collections of non-native oak trees at sites across the USA, non-native oaks introduced to regions with greater oak species richness accumulated greater leaf damage than in regions with low oak richness. Underlying this trend was the ability of herbivores to exploit non-native plants that were close relatives to their native host. In diverse oak communities, non-native trees were on average more closely related to native trees and received greater leaf damage than those in depauperate oak communities. Because insect herbivores colonize non-native plants that are similar to their native hosts, in communities with greater native plant diversity, non-natives experience greater herbivory.

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2

Meyer, Mary H., and Helen C. Harrison. "Using Native Plants." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 493A—493. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.493a.

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Using Native Plants is a 120-min videotape that was developed as a result of a Cooperative Extension Partnership Programming Grant between the Univ. of Minnesota, Minnesota Extension Service and the Cooperative Extension–Univ. of Wisconsin-Extension. The content covers woodland wildflowers, prairie establishment and maintenance, landscaping lakeshores, and using native plants in traditional gardens settings.Video segments include: Eloise Butler Wildflower garden, Minneapolis, Minn.; Curtis Prairie, Madison, Wis.; Big Sandy Lake, Minn.; and the Minnesota Landscape Arboretum, Chanhassen. Developed originally as advanced Master Gardener training, the program was a national satellite broadcast on 29 Feb. 1996. It was viewed by at least nine states and more than 500 participants. Video production costs, including a 20-page participant's handout with extensive references and plant lists, were just under $13,000. A cost analysis, evaluation, sample of the participant's packet, pictures from the videotape and an order form will be presented. Copies of the tape and print packet may be obtained for $50 from Minnesota Extension Service, 1.800.876.8636, or Univ. of Wisconsin-Extension, at 1.608.262.3346.

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3

Yessoufou, Kowiyou. "The Patterns of Intraspecific Variations in Mass of Nectar Sugar along a Phylogeny Distinguish Native from Non-Native Plants in Urban Greenspaces in Southern England." Plants 12, no. 18 (September 14, 2023): 3270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12183270.

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To serve human needs, non-native species are selected based on an array of functional traits, which generally confer competitive advantages to these species in their recipient environments. Identifying non-obvious functional traits that indirectly inform human selection of non-natives to introduce into urban greenspaces is not yet part of common discussions in invasion biology. We tested whether functional traits integrated within a phylogenetic framework, may reveal those subtle criteria underlying the introduction of non-native plants into urban greenspaces. We found no differences in terms of functional traits between natives and non-natives. We also found no evidence that functional traits predict nectar production, irrespective of how nectar production was measured. Finally, we found that the mean sugar concentration of nectar per flower is evolutionarily shared both within closely related non-native plants as well as within close native plants. However, phylogenetically close species share similar intraspecific variation in mass of nectar sugar per flower, but this is true only for non-native plants, thus revealing a non-obvious selection criteria of non-native plants for urban greenspaces. Our results indicate that the phylogenetic patterns of intraspecific variation in mass of nectar sugar per flower is the major criterion distinguishing non-natives from native plants in urban greenspaces in Southern England.

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4

Ornduff, Robert. "Native Plants: Conservation Priorities." Science 243, no. 4898 (March 24, 1989): 1535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.243.4898.1535.b.

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5

ORNDUFF, R. "Native Plants: Conservation Priorities." Science 243, no. 4898 (March 24, 1989): 1535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.243.4898.1535-a.

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6

Flint, Harrison L. "Native Plants: Another View." Arnoldia 58, no. 3 (1998): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.251208.

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7

Sun, Yan, and Aline Junod. "Invasive plants differ from native plants in their impact on native communities." Journal of Vegetation Science 28, no. 6 (November 2017): 1250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12582.

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8

Liu, X. A., Y. Peng, J. J. Li, and P. H. Peng. "Enhanced shoot investment makes invasive plants exhibit growth advantages in high nitrogen conditions." Brazilian Journal of Biology 79, no. 1 (January 2019): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.169578.

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Abstract Resource amendments commonly promote plant invasions, raising concerns over the potential consequences of nitrogen (N) deposition; however, it is unclear whether invaders will benefit from N deposition more than natives. Growth is among the most fundamental inherent traits of plants and thus good invaders may have superior growth advantages in response to resource amendments. We compared the growth and allocation between invasive and native plants in different N regimes including controls (ambient N concentrations). We found that invasive plants always grew much larger than native plants in varying N conditions, regardless of growth- or phylogeny-based analyses, and that the former allocated more biomass to shoots than the latter. Although N addition enhanced the growth of invasive plants, this enhancement did not increase with increasing N addition. Across invasive and native species, changes in shoot biomass allocation were positively correlated with changes in whole-plant biomass; and the slope of this relationship was greater in invasive plants than native plants. These findings suggest that enhanced shoot investment makes invasive plants retain a growth advantage in high N conditions relative to natives, and also highlight that future N deposition may increase the risks of plant invasions.

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9

Wijesundara, D. S. A. "Can native plants become invasive?" Ceylon Journal of Science 46, no. 1 (March 22, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v46i1.7412.

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10

Payne, Jerry A. "IN DEFENSE OF NATIVE PLANTS." HortScience 25, no. 10 (October 1990): 1202a—1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.10.1202a.

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11

Koester, Heiko. "Native plants and urban sustainability." Native Plants Journal 9, no. 3 (October 2008): 323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/npj.2008.9.3.323.

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12

Roberts, L. "Extinction Imminent for Native Plants." Science 242, no. 4885 (December 16, 1988): 1508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.242.4885.1508.

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13

Pearse, Ian, and Florian Altermatt. "Introduced Plants and Native Herbivores." Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 96, no. 4 (October 2015): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623-96.4.629.

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14

Mastnak, Tomaz, Julia Elyachar, and Tom Boellstorff. "Botanical Decolonization: Rethinking Native Plants." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 32, no. 2 (January 2014): 363–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d13006p.

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15

Uekötter, Frank. "Native plants: A Nazi obsession?" Landscape Research 32, no. 3 (June 2007): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426390701318338.

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16

Paschke, Mark W. "Roadside Use of Native Plants." Restoration Ecology 10, no. 1 (March 2002): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2002.10119.x.

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17

Huang, H. "Conserving Native Plants in China." Science 297, no. 5583 (August 9, 2002): 935b—936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.297.5583.935b.

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18

Karim, M. N., and Azim U. Mallik. "Roadside revegetation by native plants." Ecological Engineering 32, no. 3 (March 2008): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2007.11.003.

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19

Storer, Susan. "Cultivating Native Plants: The Possibilities." Arnoldia 47, no. 2 (1987): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.258404.

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20

Staab, Michael, Maria Helena Pereira-Peixoto, and Alexandra-Maria Klein. "Exotic garden plants partly substitute for native plants as resources for pollinators when native plants become seasonally scarce." Oecologia 194, no. 3 (October 20, 2020): 465–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-020-04785-8.

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Анотація:

Abstract Urban green spaces such as gardens often consist of native and exotic plant species, which provide pollen and nectar for flower-visiting insects. Although some exotic plants are readily visited by pollinators, it is unknown if and at which time of the season exotic garden plants may supplement or substitute for flower resources provided by native plants. To investigate if seasonal changes in flower availability from native vs. exotic plants affect flower visits, diversity and particularly plant–pollinator interaction networks, we studied flower-visiting insects over a whole growing season in 20 urban residential gardens in Germany. Over the course of the season, visits to native plants decreased, the proportion of flower visits to exotics increased, and flower-visitor species richness decreased. Yet, the decline in flower-visitor richness over the season was slowed in gardens with a relatively higher proportion of flowering exotic plants. This compensation was more positively linked to the proportion of exotic plant species than to the proportion of exotic flower cover. Plant–pollinator interaction networks were moderately specialized. Interactions were more complex in high summer, but interaction diversity, linkage density, and specialisation were not influenced by the proportion of exotic species. Thus, later in the season when few native plants flowered, exotic garden plants partly substituted for native flower resources without apparent influence on plant–pollinator network structure. Late-flowering garden plants support pollinator diversity in cities. If appropriately managed, and risk of naturalisation is minimized, late-flowering exotic plants may provide floral resources to support native pollinators when native plants are scarce.

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21

Jose, Shibu. "Managing native and non-native plants in agroforestry systems." Agroforestry Systems 83, no. 2 (October 2011): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-011-9440-1.

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22

Alvarez, Erin, Sloane M. Scheiber, and David R. Sandrock. "Irrigation Requirements and Drought Response of Two Ornamental Grass Species." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1009B—1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1009b.

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Water use is the most important environmental issue facing the horticulture industry. As a result, many water management districts are recommending native plants for their putative low-water requirements. Numerous textbooks and trade journals claim native plants use less water than non-natives; however, previous research found no difference in water use efficiency in the field between native and non-native species. Furthermore, recommendations of ornamental grasses for use as low-maintenance and low-water-requiring landscape plants have recently escalated. This study evaluated non-native Miscanthus sinensis `Adagio' and the native Eragrostis spectabilis for irrigation requirements and drought response in a landscape setting. To simulate maximum stress, both species were planted into field plots in an open-sided, clear polyethylene covered shelter. Each species was irrigated on alternating days at 0, 0.25, 0.5, or 0.75 L for a 90-day period. Growth index and height were recorded at biweekly intervals, and final shoot and root dry masses were taken at completion of the study. Significant treatment and species effects were found for height, growth index, shoot dry weight, and biomass. Plants receiving 0.75 L of irrigation had the greatest growth, and non-irrigated plants grew significantly less. Comparisons between species found growth was greatest among Eragrostis spectabilis plants for all parameters.

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23

Koziol, Liz, Thomas P. McKenna, and James D. Bever. "Native Microbes Amplify Native Seedling Establishment and Diversity While Inhibiting a Non-Native Grass." Plants 12, no. 5 (March 6, 2023): 1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12051184.

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Although several studies have shown increased native plant establishment with native microbe soil amendments, few studies have investigated how microbes can alter seedling recruitment and establishment in the presence of a non-native competitor. In this study, the effect of microbial communities on seedling biomass and diversity was assessed by seeding pots with both native prairie seeds and a non-native grass that commonly invades US grassland restorations, Setaria faberi. Soil in the pots was inoculated with whole soil collections from ex-arable land, late successional arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi isolated from a nearby tallgrass prairie, with both prairie AM fungi and ex-arable whole soil, or with a sterile soil (control). We hypothesized (1) late successional plants would benefit from native AM fungi, (2) that non-native plants would outcompete native plants in ex-arable soils, and (3) early successional plants would be unresponsive to microbes. Overall, native plant abundance, late successional plant abundance, and total diversity were greatest in the native AM fungi+ ex-arable soil treatment. These increases led to decreased abundance of the non-native grass S. faberi. These results highlight the importance of late successional native microbes on native seed establishment and demonstrate that microbes can be harnessed to improve both plant community diversity and resistance to invasion during the nascent stages of restoration.

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24

Aslan, Clare E., and Brett G. Dickson. "Non-native plants exert strong but under-studied influence on fire dynamics." NeoBiota 61 (October 8, 2020): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.61.51141.

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Altered fire regimes are among the most destructive consequences of anthropogenic environmental change. Fires have increased in frequency in some regions, and invasion by fire-adapted non-native species has been identified as a major driver of this change, which results in a feedback cycle promoting further spread by the non-native species and diminishing occurrence of natives. We notice, however, that non-native species are often invoked in passing as a primary cause of changing fire dynamics, but that data supporting this claim are rarely presented. We therefore performed a meta-analysis of published literature to determine whether a significant relationship exists between non-native species presence and increased fire effects and risk, examined via various fire metrics. Our analysis detected a strongly significant difference between fire metrics associated with non-native and native species, with non-native species linked to enhanced fire effects and risk. However, only 30 papers discussing this linkage provided data to support it, and those quantitative studies examined only eight regions, five biome types, and a total of 22 unique non-native taxa. It is clear that we are only beginning to understand the relationship between non-native species and fire and that results drawn from an extremely limited set of contexts have been broadly applied in the literature. It is important for ecologists to continue to investigate drivers of changing fire regimes as factors such as climate change and land use change alter native and non-native fuels alike.

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25

Aslan, Clare, and Marcel Rejmanek. "Native fruit traits may mediate dispersal competition between native and non-native plants." NeoBiota 12 (February 15, 2012): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.12.2357.

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26

Potter, Daniel A., and Bernadette M. Mach. "Non-Native Non-Apis Bees Are More Abundant on Non-Native Versus Native Flowering Woody Landscape Plants." Insects 13, no. 3 (February 28, 2022): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13030238.

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Urban ecosystems can support diverse communities of wild native bees. Because bloom times are conserved by geographic origin, incorporating some non-invasive non-native plants in urban landscapes can extend the flowering season and help support bees and other pollinators during periods when floral resources from native plants are limiting. A caveat, though, is the possibility that non-native plants might disproportionately host non-native, potentially invasive bee species. We tested that hypothesis by identifying all non-native bees among 11,275 total bees previously collected from 45 species of flowering woody landscape plants across 213 urban sites. Honey bees, Apis mellifera L., accounted for 22% of the total bees and 88.6% of the non-native bees in the collections. Six other non-native bee species, accounting for 2.86% of the total, were found on 16 non-native and 11 native woody plant species. Non-Apis non-native bees in total, and Osmia taurus Smith and Megachile sculpturalis (Smith), the two most abundant species, were significantly more abundant on non-native versus native plants. Planting of favored non-native hosts could potentially facilitate establishment and spread of non-Apis non-native bees in urban areas. Our host records may be useful for tracking those bees’ distribution in their introduced geographical ranges.

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27

Garcillán, Pedro P., and Carlos Martorell. "Time since first record and population density influence range sizes of non-native plants, but also of native plants, in a chronically overgrazed island." Plant Ecology and Evolution 154, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2021.1806.

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Background and aims − Humans are increasingly introducing species to new regions. It is necessary to understand the processes that drive the expansion of non-native species into these new habitats across multiple spatiotemporal scales.Material and methods − We studied the spatial distribution of the non-native flora (39 species) of Guadalupe Island (246 km2) in the Mexican Pacific. We analyzed how residence time (time since first report in historical sources, 1875–2004) and species attributes (population density, flowering phenology, and individual height) are related with range sizes of non-native plants. To test whether the residence time – range size relationship of non-native plants can result from other factors besides time since their arrival, we compared it to the residence time – range size relationship of native plants. Range sizes were obtained using herbarium data and a systematic field sampling of 110 transects (50 × 2 m) throughout the entire island. We used beta regression to analyze the relationship of range sizes with residence time and species attributes.Key results − Range sizes of non-natives showed a positive relationship with residence time, flower phenology, and notably with plant density, but not with individual height. However, similar relationships were found for native species, casting doubts on whether our results reflect the range expansion rates of non-native species. Conclusions − Our results suggest that the production of large numbers of propagules, both as a result of long reproductive periods and large population sizes, determines to a large extent the rates of range size expansion of non-native species. However, the relationship we found between time since discovery and range size may arise from sampling biases, biological processes, or – most likely – both. This highlights the need for new approaches that allow us to discern the relative contributions of bias and process in our study of non-native species expansion.

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28

ASLAN, CLARE E., ERIKA S. ZAVALETA, DON CROLL, and BERNIE TERSHY. "Effects of Native and Non-Native Vertebrate Mutualists on Plants." Conservation Biology 26, no. 5 (July 19, 2012): 778–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01885.x.

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29

Malenica, Frane, and Lucija Žinić. "Garden plants and butter knives." Jezikoslovlje 20, no. 3 (December 30, 2019): 497–530. http://dx.doi.org/10.29162/jez.2019.18.

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Compounds are a frequent occurrence in the English language, but the way in which speakers, both native and non-native, process compounds is still a topic of discussion. Two factors have an influence on the recog-nition speed of compounds – lexical priming and relation priming. The former refers to faster recognition if a target and a prime compound share a common lexeme, while the latter refers to the inner relationships be-tween modifiers and heads within a compound. The study conducted by Gagné & Spalding (2004) shows a significant effect of relation priming on recognition of familiar compounds, while De Cat et al. (2015) report that highly proficient non-native participants use similar strategies for processing compounds as native speakers. The aim of this paper is to rep-licate these results by using sense-nonsense tasks with familiar com-pounds and native and highly proficient non-native participants to exam-ine the effects of lexical and relation priming in these two groups. We hypothesize that the native speakers should provide faster reaction times and higher accuracy rates but that both groups would display similar fa-cilitation effects with different types of primes, which the results of the study confirm.

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30

Hu, Yi-Heng, Yu-Lu Zhou, Jun-Qin Gao, Xiao-Ya Zhang, Ming-Hua Song, and Xing-Liang Xu. "Plasticity of Plant N Uptake in Two Native Species in Response to Invasive Species." Forests 10, no. 12 (November 27, 2019): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10121075.

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Survival competition caused by limiting nutrients is often strong between invasive and native plant species. The effects of plant invasion on nutrient uptake in plant growth remain largely unclear. Clarifying how invasive plants affect N uptake by natives will provide a better understanding on mechanisms responsible for plant invasion. A 15N-labeling experiment was conducted using two common invasive species (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. and Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc.) and their native congeners (A. sessilis (L.) DC. and W. chinensis (Osbeck.) Merr.) to examine their growth and uptake of NH4+, NO3−, and glycine when grown in monocultures and mixed cultures. All plants were grown in a greenhouse for 70 days for labelling and biomass measurements. The main factor affecting N uptake by the four species was the form of N, rather than species identity. In all of the species, the most N was taken up in the form of NH4+, followed by NO3− and glycine. The two invasive species grew faster, with stable N-uptake patterns despite more moderate uptake rates of N than the native species. Native species were strongly affected by the invasive species. The presence of invasive species caused the N-uptake rates of the natives to be reduced, with altered N-uptake patterns, but did not substantially alter their growth rates. Native species reduced their N-uptake rates but increased N-use efficiency through altering N-uptake patterns in the presence of invasive plants. Such a flexible N-uptake pattern could be an important survival strategy for native plants in competition with invaders.

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31

Hopkins, E., and R. Al-Yahyai. "LANDSCAPING WITH NATIVE PLANTS IN OMAN." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1097 (September 2015): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1097.22.

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32

Gikaara, D. M., M. E. Johnston, and D. G. Edwards. "PHOSPHORUS MANAGEMENT OF AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 683 (June 2005): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2005.683.13.

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33

Freeman, Susanne. "Contact dermatitis to Australian native plants." Medical Journal of Australia 145, no. 6 (September 1986): 302–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1986.tb101142.x.

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34

Lamont, G. P. "AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS AS CUT FLOWERS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 205 (March 1987): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1987.205.13.

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35

Gettys, Lyn A., and Kimberly A. Moore. "Greenhouse Production of Native Aquatic Plants." HortTechnology 29, no. 1 (February 2019): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04212-18.

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Анотація:

Wetland restoration is critical for improving ecosystem services, but many aquatic plant nurseries do not have facilities like those typically used for large-scale plant production. We questioned if we could grow littoral aquatic plant species in a variety of substrates and irrigation methods similar to those used for traditional greenhouse production. Plants were grown in pots with drainage holes that were filled with potting substrate, topsoil, coarse builders’ sand, or a 50/50 mix of topsoil and builders’ sand. These substrates were amended with 2 g of 15N–3.9P–10K controlled-release fertilizer per liter of substrate and were watered using either overhead irrigation or subirrigation. Plants were grown for 16 weeks, then scored for quality and height before a destructive harvest. Blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium angustifolium) and arrow arum (Peltandra virginica) performed best when subirrigated and cultured in potting substrate or sand. Golden club (Orontium aquaticum) and lemon bacopa (Bacopa caroliniana) grew best when plants were cultured in potting substrate and maintained under subirrigation. These experiments provide a framework for using existing greenhouses to produce these littoral species and give guidance to growers who wish to produce plants for the restoration market.

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36

Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Stephanie Frischie, Juliane Stolz, and Cándido Gálvez-Ramírez. "Native plants for greening Mediterranean agroecosystems." Nature Plants 6, no. 3 (March 2020): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-0617-3.

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37

Harper-Lore, Bonnie L. "Using native plants as problem-solvers." Environmental Management 20, no. 6 (November 1996): 827–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01205962.

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Sunny, Anupam, Swati Diwakar, and Gyan Prakash Sharma. "Native insects and invasive plants encounters." Arthropod-Plant Interactions 9, no. 4 (June 30, 2015): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11829-015-9384-x.

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Brooker, Stanley G., Richard C. Cambie, and Robert C. Cooper. "Economic native plants of New Zealand." Economic Botany 43, no. 1 (January 1989): 79–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02859329.

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Messing, Russell H., Michelle N. Tremblay, Edward B. Mondor, Robert G. Foottit, and Keith S. Pike. "Invasive aphids attack native Hawaiian plants." Biological Invasions 9, no. 5 (November 14, 2006): 601–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-006-9045-1.

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Handreck, Kevin A. "Phosphorus requirements of Australian native plants." Soil Research 35, no. 2 (1997): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s96060.

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The phosphorus (P) requirements of Australian plants are reviewed. Many Australian plants have highly developed abilities for acquiring and conservatively using P. This is seen as an evolutionary response to the combined environmental pressures of fire, soil P levels that are in the lower part of the range for world soils, and low and eratic rainfall. In natural Australian ecosystems, more than 50% of the P in the A horizon is in organic combination. Organic matter is the main source for the growth of perennial plants, so the only successful assessments of ‘available’ P measure labile organic P and microbial P. However, the inorganic P of ashbeds is essential to the rapid establishment of fire ephemerals and tree seedlings in natural ecosystems. Almost all Australian plants develop associations with mycorrhizal fungi, or produce hairy roots, as ways of increasing P uptake. Highly developed abilities to redistribute P from ageing to young tissues enable Australian plants to have a low P requirement per unit of biomass production. This also results in low P losses in sawlogs from natural forests, but not necessarily from short-rotation plantations. The special role of P in the ecology and conservation of heathlands is reviewed. Finally, an overview is given of the P requirements of Australian plants being grown in soil-less media in nurseries.

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McMahan, Linda R. "Cultivating Native Plants: The Legal Pitfalls." Arnoldia 47, no. 2 (1987): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.258403.

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Grutters, Bart M. C., Bart J. A. Pollux, Wilco C. E. P. Verberk, and Elisabeth S. Bakker. "Native and Non-Native Plants Provide Similar Refuge to Invertebrate Prey, but Less than Artificial Plants." PLOS ONE 10, no. 4 (April 17, 2015): e0124455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124455.

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Mulder, Christa P. H., and Katie V. Spellman. "Do longer growing seasons give introduced plants an advantage over native plants in Interior Alaska?" Botany 97, no. 6 (June 2019): 347–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2018-0209.

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In interior Alaska, increases in growing season length and rapid expansion of introduced species are altering the environment for native plants. We evaluated whether earlier springs, warmer summers, and extended autumns alter the phenology of leaves and flowers in native and introduced forbs and shrubs in the boreal understory and open-canopy habitats, and whether the responses provide an advantage to either group. We tracked the phenology of 29 native and 12 introduced species over three years with very different spring, summer, and autumn conditions. The native species produced flowers (but not leaves) earlier than the introduced species, and both groups advanced leaf-out and flowering in the early-snowmelt year. However, shifts in phenology between early and late years were similar for both groups. There was no increase in fruit development rate for either group in the warm summer. In contrast, in the year with the extended autumn, the introduced plants extended leaf production and time of senescence much more than native species. While growth form and leaf habit could explain the differences in phenology between native and introduced groups in spring and summer, these traits could not account for differences in autumn. We conclude that in boreal Alaska extended autumns may benefit introduced species more than native ones.

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Wilson, Sandra B., and Zhanao Deng. "Ornamental Invasive Plants in Florida With Research-founded Alternatives." HortTechnology 33, no. 4 (August 2023): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech05205-23.

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The ornamental horticulture industry has long been significant in its vast economic contributions to the US agricultural sector, with Florida ranking second in nursery and greenhouse plant sales. A small proportion of introduced plants eventually escape cultivation and become invasive, leaving fragile ecosystems at risk. In response, a series of propagation and production research studies have been conducted over the years to 1) evaluate the female sterility and landscape performance of cultivars and/or hybrids of ornamental invasives, and 2) develop reliable propagation systems of novel or underused natives having ornamental and ecological value. Attractive, fruitless selections of popular species such as butterfly bush (Buddleja sp.), heavenly bamboo (Nandina domestica), Mexican petunia (Ruellia simplex), lantana (Lantana strigocamara), trailing lantana (Lantana montevidensis), privet (Ligustrum sp.), maiden silvergrass (Miscanthus sp.), and fountain grass (Pennisetum sp.) have been identified as suitable non-native alternatives to the invasive or potentially invasive resident species (wild type). Simultaneously, researchers have taken a closer look at native plant alternatives that may offer similar aesthetic traits as invasive plants, while bringing added biodiversity and function for more ecologically friendly landscapes and gardens. As such, successful multisite trialing and/or propagation systems have been developed for a number of species native to Florida, such as squareflower (Paronychia erecta), coastalplain honeycombhead (Balduina angustifolia), wireweeds (Polygonella sp.), blue porterweed (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis), wild coffees (Psychotria sp.), sweet acacia (Vachellia farnesiana), and wild lime (Zanthoxylum fagara). With pronounced marketing and consumer education, it is hopeful that together sterile cultivars and native species will ultimately replace wild-type forms of commercially available ornamental invasives. This paper summarizes the current status of ornamental invasives in Florida and the role of native species and sterile non-native cultivars.

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Torres, Ariana P., Alicia L. Rihn, Susan S. Barton, and Bridget K. Behe. "Perceptions and Socioeconomic Status Influence Purchases of Native Plants." HortTechnology 34, no. 2 (April 2024): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech05345-23.

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Plants native to the United States, defined as those being present before European settlement, have aesthetic and environmental benefits. In 2018, only 10% of plant sales were native plants, a plant category that tends to be underrepresented in many residential and commercial landscapes. Although earlier research indicated that consumers find native plants less aesthetically appealing relative to introduced species, more recent research reported a growing demand for native plants. Thus, a better understanding of consumer perceptions would facilitate their marketing. We used an online survey of 1824 participants representing five geographic regions (West, Southwest, Midwest, Southeast, and Northwest) to classify adopters based on their purchase of native plants. A double-hurdle model was used to estimate factors influencing purchasing native plants among US homeowners, and the factors influencing the amount spent on native plants in 2021. Demographically, metropolitan, college-educated, and younger participants were more likely to be native plant adopters; they also spent 80% more on plants compared with nonnative plant adopters. More native plant adopters agreed that native plants were better for the environment than exotic plants (68%), are readily available in their area (67%), and are better adapted to difficult sites (75%). Marketing efforts should capitalize on the environmental benefits to stimulate purchases.

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Hingston, Andrew B. "Does the introduced bumblebee, Bombus terrestris (Apidae), prefer flowers of introduced or native plants in Australia?" Australian Journal of Zoology 53, no. 1 (2005): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo04048.

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Proponents of importation of the European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris (L.), into Australia for pollination of commercial greenhouse crops argue that this species will have little impact on Australian native ecosystems because it prefers to forage on flowers of introduced species of plants rather than Australian native plants. However, data presented as evidence of preference for introduced plants have been equivocal. This study compared the attractiveness of introduced and Australian native plants to free-foraging B. terrestris in a garden at the interface between an urban area and native vegetation in the Australian island of Tasmania, where a feral population of B. terrestris had been established for over 10 years. No evidence was found to support the proposal that B. terrestris forages on flowers of introduced plants in preference to those of Australian native plants. The numbers of B. terrestris seen foraging per 1000 flowers did not differ significantly between introduced plants and Australian native plants, and the preferred food sources of B. terrestris included flowers of both introduced and Australian native species. Because B. terrestris forages frequently on many species of both introduced and native plants, assessments of its ecological impacts must include the effects of altered pollination on recruitment rates in both introduced weeds and native plants, and reduced quantities of nectar and pollen of native plants on recruitment rates of dependent fauna.

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Yessoufou, Kowiyou, Annie Estelle Ambani, Hosam O. Elansary, and Orou G. Gaoue. "Alien woody plants are more versatile than native, but both share similar therapeutic redundancy in South Africa." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): e0260390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260390.

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Understanding why alien plant species are incorporated into the medicinal flora in several local communities is central to invasion biology and ethnobiology. Theories suggest that alien plants are incorporated in local pharmacopoeias because they are more versatile or contribute unique secondary chemistry which make them less therapeutically redundant, or simply because they are locally more abundant than native species. However, a lack of a comprehensive test of these hypotheses limits our understanding of the dynamics of plants knowledge, use and potential implications for invasion. Here, we tested the predictions of several of these hypotheses using a unique dataset on the woody medicinal flora of southern Africa. We found that the size of a plant family predicts the number of medicinal plants in that family, a support for the non-random hypothesis of medicinal plant selection. However, we found no support for the diversification hypothesis: i) both alien and native plants were used in the treatment of similar diseases; ii) significantly more native species than alien contribute to disease treatments particularly of parasitic infections and obstetric-gynecological diseases, and iii) alien and native species share similar therapeutic redundancy. However, we found support for the versatility hypothesis, i.e., alien plants were more versatile than natives. These findings imply that, although alien plant species are not therapeutically unique, they do provide more uses than native plants (versatility), thus suggesting that they may not have been introduced primarily for therapeutic reasons. We call for similar studies to be carried out on alien herbaceous plants for a broader understanding of the integration of alien plants into the pharmacopoeias of the receiving communities.

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Philpott, Stacy M., Azucena Lucatero, Sofie Andrade, Cameron Hernandez, and Peter Bichier. "Promoting Beneficial Arthropods in Urban Agroecosystems: Focus on Flowers, Maybe Not Native Plants." Insects 14, no. 7 (June 23, 2023): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14070576.

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(1) Urbanization threatens biodiversity, yet urban native plants support native biodiversity, contributing to conservation and ecosystem services. Within urban agroecosystems, where non-native plants are abundant, native plants may boost the abundance and richness of beneficial arthropods. Nevertheless, current information focuses on pollinators, with little attention being paid to other beneficials, like natural enemies. (2) We examined how the species richness of native plants, garden management, and landscape composition influence the abundance and species richness of all, native, and non-native bees, ladybeetles, ants, and ground-foraging spiders in urban agroecosystems (i.e., urban community gardens) in California. (3) We found that native plants (~10% of species, but only ~2.5% of plant cover) had little influence on arthropods, with negative effects only on non-native spider richness, likely due to the low plant cover provided by native plants. Garden size boosted native and non-native bee abundance and richness and non-native spider richness; floral abundance boosted non-native spider abundance and native and non-native spider richness; and mulch cover and tree and shrub abundance boosted non-native spider richness. Natural habitat cover promoted non-native bee and native ant abundance, but fewer native ladybeetle species were observed. (4) While native plant richness may not strongly influence the abundance and richness of beneficial arthropods, other garden management features could be manipulated to promote the conservation of native organisms or ecosystem services provided by native and non-native organisms within urban agroecosystems.

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Parker, John D., and Mark E. Hay. "Biotic resistance to plant invasions? Native herbivores prefer non-native plants." Ecology Letters 8, no. 9 (September 2005): 959–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00799.x.

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