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Narangoa, Li, and Robert Cribb. "Nations-of-intent: from counterfactual history to counterfactual geography." Journal of Historical Geography 36, no. 3 (July 2010): 276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2009.12.004.
Повний текст джерела
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Et.al, Nur Atiqah Tang Abdullah. "Citizenship Education for the Fourth Industrial Revolution." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 1278–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.894.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter explores Citizenship Education in Malaysia in the context of its current experiences as we approach the era of Fourth Industrial Revolution. As a cultural discourse, the problematic conception of citizenship is a product of social fragmentation in Malaysia. Citizenship can carry two meanings - legal and sociological. The legal simply refers to a subject’s right and duties to be recognized as a legally permanent inhabitant of a state. Secondly, the development of citizenship, understood in sociological terms, would involve a transformative process in which individuals come to see themselves as part of a wider citizen body, to which they owe obligations involving duties as well as having rights. As such, ‘citizenship’ in this chapter refers to an educational process: learning and teaching to improve or achieve the aims inherent to the legal meaning. The objective of this chapter is to pull together citizenship and education as central themes, - not legal but the sociological aspects, with the ‘nations-of-intent’ as a conceptual framework. Nevertheless, the present effort of citizenship education in Malaysia is based on a particular form of ‘nation-of-intent’ (Bangsa Malaysia). As nation-building in Malaysia is a state without a nation (and it has many nations-of-intent), the present effort does not include ideas to the nation when promoting citizenship education- the notion of ‘equality in diversity’ and not only ‘unity in diversity’. The concept of citizenship and citizenship education in Malaysia is prompting only one form of ‘nation-of intent’ available in the country, whereas, there are other nations as well, apparently. An implication of it is that the concept of citizenship and thus, nation-building in Malaysia is still fraught with confusion. The presence of plurality of ‘nations-of-intent’ in contemporary Malaysia demonstrates the fact that dissenting voices are present and heard, within and without government. To some degree, it is necessary, for the underlying reason that the identification and sense of belonging of individuals and communities themselves are fragmented, not necessarily conducive to the knowledge of national unity. Hence, in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, there is a need to clarify and explore the meaning of citizenship in diverse and democratic Malaysian as a nation-state, the multiple views of citizenship and the dimensions of citizenship education.
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Metcs, Robert. "The Common Intention of the Parties and the Payment of Annuities Under the Numbered Treaties: Who Assumed the Risk of Inflation?" Alberta Law Review 46, no. 1 (November 1, 2008): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr238.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article examines a key term in the so-called Numbered Treaties between the Crown and the Indians of the northwest: the provisions for “annuities” or annual payments in perpetuity by the Crown to the Indian signatories. The author observes that the Crown, in the performance of this obligation, has adhered consistently to the monetary law principle known as nominalism, thus asserting that the common intention of the parties to these treaties was for the First Nations signatories to assume the entire risk of any future loss in value or purchasing power attached to the nominal sums provided. It is argued, however, that the stability of the annuity in terms of purchasing power (with a consequent placement of the risk of any decline in the buying power of the dollar on the Crown) must, if not found explicitly within the terms of the treaties as the expressed intent of the parties, be implied as a reflection of their unexpressed intent. Any interpretation that entails the risk of inflation being assumed by the First Nations signatories must therefore be based entirely on factors other than the common intention of the parties to the Numbered Treaties.
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Afrilianti, Dewi, Budi Ardianto, and Dony Yusra Pebrianto. "Pengapusan Hak Veto Dalam Rangka Reformasi Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa." Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law 2, no. 2 (June 8, 2021): 210–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/up.v2i2.12114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to find out what is the reason the veto is considered irrelevant to the Security Council in realizing world security and peace in connection with the plan of veto power in the framework of reform of the United Nations Security Council because the use of veto rights by the five permanent member states of the Security Council, especially the United States has been used with no limits. The research method used is normative type with statutory, conceptual, and case approach. The results of this study show that the security council's veto power in practice has deviated from its original intent. The reform efforts of the United Nations Security Council have many obstacles but the main obstacles that greatly hinder the reform efforts are the arrogant, selfish, and willless nature of the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council who are veto holders to continue to maintain their hegemony and national interests.
Keywords: United Nations; Right; Veto;
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Solomon, Tereapii. "'Akara ki Mua – Looking forward; Navigating education spaces as Cook Islands Māori." Waikato Journal of Education 27, no. 3 (December 9, 2022): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15663/wje.v27i3.1019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
I know it seems somewhat unconventional to begin this paper with the words of my eldest son’s Year 12 speech, especially when the first few stanzas reflect deficit profiling of Cook Islands Māori people. But this paper is not focused on deficit profiling at all—far from it. However, as I pondered on Fa’avae’s abstract in this Waikato Journal of Education volume, I was moved by his inclusion of Pacific educator’s voices from Realm nations with the intent to provide an “analytical lens centred on unpacking stories and insights” (Fa’avae, 2022), focused on change in Pasifika/Pacific education, in Aotearoa NZ. The emphasis on voices and stories reminded me of the purpose of my son’s speech in high school—one that was inspired by the young writer Joshua Iosefa’s 2012 spoken word poem titled ‘Brown Brother’ (Iosefa, 2012). In his article Fa’avae advocates for a greater presence of Pacific educators and leaders from Aotearoa NZ’s Realm Nations in higher education, enabling their (our) voices, knowledges, and Indigenous languages, with the intent to inspire and empower others into this space, and prioritising insights often ignored. This paper is my response to his article.
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Sathish, and Rajendra Kumbharjuvenkar. "Does the Brand Equity of a Retail Store Mediate the Relationship between Store Choice and Store Loyalty?" GIS Business 14, no. 6 (January 17, 2020): 1050–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i6.16855.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The retail industry is changing worldwide, especially in developing nations. This retail transformation is a result of changing lifestyles, increased disposable income, growing brand consciousness and changing consumption patterns of consumers. In the process of meeting these growing expectations of consumers, there are noteworthy initiatives adopted by retail organizations. Brand equity of a retail store is seen as a major factor influencing buying decisions and repurchases intent of consumers’ world over.
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Duxbury, Alison. "Rejuvenating the Commonwealth—The Human Rights Remedy." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 46, no. 2 (April 1997): 344–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300060462.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lord Casey's sad testament to an organisation which was perceived as “on the way to becoming not much more than a paper connection” is hardly encouraging to someone intent on studying the institution. It would appear that the Commonwealth of Nations as a contemporary discussion point is even less fashionable today than it was 30 years ago. It has recently been written that in our generation those few individuals with an opinion about the Commonwealth view it as an “anachronistic organization whose retirement to the pages of history is long overdue”. The situation of an Australian attempting to write about the Commonwealth is confused by the need to distinguish it from the “Commonwealth of Australia” by such adjectives as the “British” Commonwealth or the “Commonwealth of Nations”.
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de Wilde, Pieter, Wiebke Marie Junk, and Tabea Palmtag. "Accountability and opposition to globalization in international assemblies." European Journal of International Relations 22, no. 4 (July 26, 2016): 823–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066115604032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Advocates of a global democratic parliament have expressed hopes that this would not only legitimize global governance in procedural terms, but also bring about more cosmopolitan policies. They point to the European Parliament as an example of a successful real existing democratic parliament beyond the state with cosmopolitan intent. We analyse plenary debates in the United Nations General Assembly and the European Parliament about the issues of climate change, human rights, migration, trade and European integration between 2004 and 2011 to study the nature of opposition to cosmopolitanism within these two assemblies. We find more vocal and better-organized opposition to cosmopolitanism in the European Parliament than in the United Nations General Assembly. We demonstrate the plausibility that direct and more proportional mechanisms of delegation and accountability in the case of the European Parliament account for this observed difference. Should further research confirm these initial findings, advocates of a global democratic parliament may find that an empowered democratic World Parliament would support less cosmopolitan policies than the current United Nations General Assembly.
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Aydin, Devrim. "The Interpretation of Genocidal Intent under the Genocide Convention and the Jurisprudence of International Courts." Journal of Criminal Law 78, no. 5 (October 2014): 423–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/jcla.2014.78.5.943.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many scholars studying substantive criminal law examine the crime in an analytical way to determine the elements of crime, determining these elements as the material or objective element ( actus reus) and the mental or subjective element ( mens rea). In accordance with this, a crime consists of a physical act or omission (material element) and the psychological bond that links the act to the perpetrator (mental element). The elements of the crime of genocide are derived from the definition of Article 2 of the 1948 United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. According to this, the crime of genocide is committing any of the acts enumerated in the Convention with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such. The mental element of genocide was not mentioned either during the Nuremberg trials or in the Convention. The discussion on the mental element of the crime of genocide or ‘genocidal intent’ took place within international criminal law for the first time during the trials at international courts for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda in order to prove the perpetrators' genocidal intent. This article discusses the definition of genocide, the mental element of the crime in substantive criminal law, the mental element of the crime of genocide and the jurisprudence of the international tribunals related to the issue.
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Cupać, Jelena, and Irem Ebetürk. "Backlash advocacy and NGO polarization over women's rights in the United Nations." International Affairs 97, no. 4 (July 2021): 1183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiab069.
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Abstract The article observes that women's rights politics in the United Nations are caught in full-scale polarization between feminist and conservative non-governmental organizations (NGOs), particularly visible in their fights over institutional spaces and language. It then sets out to elucidate the process by which this polarization came about. It first ties it to specific reasons for which conservative NGOs entered the UN; namely, their intent to halt and reverse the progress of women's rights. Next, the article observes that this intent has given birth to a specific style of conservative NGOs' advocacy: backlash advocacy. This advocacy differs from regular advocacy in that it does not target only UN decision-makers, but also a rival NGO group and its normative record. Polarization results from feminist NGOs' defensively reciprocating this attack. The article contributes to the literature on international organization (IO)–NGO relations by specifying why conservative NGOs, considered unlikely IO utilizers, end up actively using the UN and by showing that this diversification in NGOs' utilization of the UN can have detrimental rather than positive institutional effects. The article also invites feminist NGOs to be more aware of the political dynamic that now entraps them, and to tailor their future strategies accordingly.
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Carbone, Raffaele. "Difference, Migration, and Cultural Exchange in Vico." Philological Encounters 5, no. 1 (March 9, 2020): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519197-12340068.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In his historical and legal works, Giambattista Vico points out several times that there are significant differences between human societies. From The Universal Law onwards, the Neapolitan philosopher proposes the restoration of the history of nations and recognizes that travel, migration and cultural exchanges play a significant role in the vicissitudes of peoples. At the same time, he also searches for constants (economic and social, political and cultural) that are common to all nations and that may be compatible with the natural and historical differences remaining between them. This project grows and matures over the three editions of the New Science. In this regard, this article aims to dissect the course of Vico’s intent and show that he does not appear to neglect cultural differences or the importance of cultural exchanges in the history of humankind to the exclusive benefit of the invariants occurring in all human communities.
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Hargrove, Andrew. "Global Aid in the Water Sector: A Descriptive Analysis of International Development Effectiveness." International Journal of Social Science Studies 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v7i2.3874.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study analyzes the intent and effectiveness of international development aid through a content/trend analysis of over 42,000 aid projects in the water supply and sanitation sector. The water sector is a vital and understudied component of international development that is rife with internal contradictions. On the one hand, access to water is rapidly increasing cross-nationally, but over 700 million still lack improved access to water. On the other hand, renewable freshwater resources per capita are rapidly decreasing, and annual freshwater withdrawals are steadily increasing. These concurrent issues lead to water stress and decreased freshwater sustainability, which in turn affects global political, ecological, and health issues. To address these issues, national governments and multinational aid agencies have been lending to the water supply and sanitation sector since 1950. This study assesses the trends in international aid over the past 65 years for their intent and effectiveness in solving global water and development issues. The results have implications for the development effectiveness of nations’ and organizations’ aid and calls for social scientists to investigate well-being and environmental impacts simultaneously in all sectors of development.
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Patterson, Anthony H., and Philip S. McCarter. "Digital Selective Calling: The Weak Link of the GMDSS." Journal of Navigation 52, no. 1 (January 1999): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463398008133.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Digital Selective Calling (DSC) is causing serious problems for Search and Rescue (SAR) providers. Administrations must seriously consider the humanitarian and legal implications of continuing the implementation of DSC. They may be in violation of the Safety of Life at Sea Convention, the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979, and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982, by knowingly implementing communications technology that may jeopardize lives at sea even though the primary intent of DSC is to establish a suitable distress alerting method. States may very well open themselves to legal liability if loss of life or environmental damage can be linked in any way to the known faults of DSC.
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Lacap, Jean Paolo G., Hendrati Dwi Mulyaningsih, and Veland Ramadani. "The mediating effects of social entrepreneurial antecedents on the relationship between prior experience and social entrepreneurial intent." Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 9, no. 3 (October 1, 2018): 329–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstpm-03-2018-0028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The paper aims to investigate how the social entrepreneurial intention antecedents directly and indirectly affect social entrepreneurial intent. The participants of the study were Filipino and Indonesian university students from selected higher education institutions (HEIs). Design/methodology/approach A quantitative research design was used and partial least square-structural equation modeling was used to measure the direct and indirect effects of the structural model. Findings The results revealed that prior experience with social problems positively and significantly affects empathy, moral obligation, social entrepreneurial self-efficacy and perceived social support. Moreover, it was also found that social entrepreneurial self-efficacy and perceived social support positively and significantly affect social entrepreneurial intent, and these two antecedents mediate the positive relationship between prior experience with social problems and social entrepreneurial intent. Research limitations/implications As the present study only examined social entrepreneurial intentions among Filipino and Indonesian university students, other researchers may test the framework in another locale. Others may find interest in identifying the significant difference in social entrepreneurial intent among between or among nations. Practical implications The findings of the present study can benefit HEIs in terms of offering social entrepreneurship programs and courses. The role of HEIs is truly important. Providing an avenue for students for them to be socially entrepreneurial and empowering them to be future social entrepreneurs can truly help in sustainably promoting social entrepreneurship. These can be done by designing relevant learning materials and requirements that will permit students to be social venture creators. Social implications Based on this study, if these students were exposed to social entrepreneurship activities during their university life (prior experience), then the propensity for them to be social venture creators in high. With the myriad problems in the Philippines and Indonesia, exposure to social problems is evident. Through proper inculcation of social entrepreneurial spirit, Filipino and Indonesian students will greatly create massive impact in the landscape of Asian social entrepreneurship. Originality/value The present study offers a new perspective on social entrepreneurial intentions, as it is in Asian setting. It also provides a viewpoint where only social entrepreneurial self-efficacy and perceived social support positively affect social entrepreneurial intent and, at the same time, act as mediators between prior experience with social problem and social entrepreneurial intent. With these results, it enriches the theoretical foundations of social entrepreneurship.
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Natcher, David, Shawn Ingram, and Ana-Maria Bogdan. "Understanding the Nature of Country Food Sales among First Nations in Alberta, Canada." Human Organization 81, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 368–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.368.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research was motivated by increased tensions that had arisen within First Nations communities in the Peace River region of Alberta over the selling of country foods and the belief among some that it has incentivized excessive hunting and the abandonment of food-sharing traditions. Our results indicate that rather than having deleterious ecological and social effects, country food sales are not being driven by profitability, nor are the norms associated with harvesting and food sharing being adversely affected. Although the sale of country foods has been motivated in part by the capital demands of hunting, country foods are not being treated as mere commodities, nor are they used as instruments for profit. With these results, community leaders are in a better position to challenge colonial policies that criminalize the selling of country foods and defend the distinctiveness of their own culturally sanctioned food systems. This research is an example of anthropological praxis where assumptions derived from modernization and household production theories are tested through applied research with the intent to resolve tensions over the speculative impacts of country food sales in First Nations communities.
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Adamich, Tom. "The Sum of the People: How the Census has Shaped Nations, from the Ancient World to the Modern Age." DttP: Documents to the People 48, no. 3 (September 10, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/dttp.v48i3.7420.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When I first received a gracious invitation to examine The Sum of the People: How the Census has Shaped Nations, from the Ancient World to the Modern Age, I have to admit I was a bit skeptical as to author Andrew Whitby’s intent to talk about the census as both a concept and an historical narrative spanning a timeline, as the subtitle indicates, “from the Ancient World to the Modern age.” Would the work be just another brief commentary on our current US 2020 Census, or would it digress into a study of enumeration as a tool used by statisticians to merely count human bodies and their geographic location—lacking a human narrative or historic context?
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Diachuk, Nataliia. "PSYCHOLINGUISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF A POLITICAL LEADER’S SPEECH INTENTIONS." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 9(77) (January 30, 2020): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-9(77)-95-97.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article highlights the understanding of speech intentions hidden in the political discourse. In order to interact with the audience naturally and smoothly it is essential for a political leader to operate with the intentions of utterances sufficiently. This paper proposes a psycholinguistic method of speech intention understanding based on President Donald Trump’s inauguration speech. The method of a political text study is known as intent-analysis is regarded to be one of the most effective in analyzing political leader’s intentions, ideas and ambitions. The technique uses a political discourse with intention tags to regard the intention of separate paragraphs, sentences or even separate lexical units. The intent-analysis of the research went through several stages from choosing the decisive blocks from the text to analyzing the most influential concepts that made the ideas of the blocks and finished with singling out the key speech intentions and drawing conclusions. A political inaugural speech analysis has shown that the most beneficial intention lying in Donald Trump’s inaugural speech aims at establishing good relations with bordering countries and the whole world by making his own country and American citizens the most prosperous amongst other nations. The general mood of the political text under discussion is fully optimistic that is found out via semantically positive units.
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Oommen, Gifty. "JOURNALISM: NEW TRENDS AND ITS IMPACT ON RIGHT TO PRIVACY. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIA." Age of Human Rights Journal, no. 10 (June 18, 2018): 64–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17561/tahrj.n10.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Investigative Journalism is the act of the journalists which goes beyond simple reporting of events in the press. It involves newsgathering by taking an initiative to get the required information. The information in this case is not easily available. The extra effort taken for this type of newsgathering is termed investigative journalism. This method has gained great momentum in India. The need for this study is motivated by the fact that though India is a party to United Nations Declaration of Human Rights and the subsequent ICCPR 1966, it has failed to make Privacy a part of the Indian Constitution while Press is accepted as a fundamental right. Today the press in India like in other nations is under the control of multinationals, which use this as a weapon to dictate the government and the masses. It is in this scenario that this study becomes relevant, where due to lack of legislative intent the media has become an unbridled horse. This makes an individual vulnerable to media attacks and trials. This study will focus on Indian position and make a comparative analysis of the position in other nations which have a strong impact on Indian decision making and make suggestions to bring in importance for Privacy in India. The method adopted to collect data for this study is through literature survey and review.
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Witten, Samuel M. "The International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings." American Journal of International Law 92, no. 4 (October 1998): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2998146.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On December 15, 1997, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings (Convention or Terrorist Bombing Convention). The Convention sets forth a broad regime of jurisdiction for international cooperation in connection with the unlawful and intentional use of explosives and other lethal devices, in, into or against various defined public places, with intent to kill or cause serious bodily injury or to cause extensive destruction of the defined public place. It will fill an important gap in international law by expanding the legal framework for states to cooperate in the investigation, prosecution and extradition of persons who engage in such international terrorism. While generally patterned after prior counterterrorism conventions, the Convention contains several important innovations.
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Stokes, Karina. "Ahmadinejad’s letter to Bush opens dialogue in Middle Eastern rhetorical style." Journal of Language and Politics 9, no. 1 (April 9, 2010): 96–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.9.1.05sto.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Understanding how Middle Eastern rhetoric differs from Western communication can aid in deciphering diplomatic correspondence like the 2006 letter from President Ahmadinejad of Iran. Failure to understand such communications and respond appropriately may result in missed opportunities to avert hostilities or establish effective rapport with other nations. Success in grasping the intent of Iran’s diplomatic overture can provide a basis for creating a response that expresses American sentiments in a way that can be seen as intelligent and appropriate by Middle Eastern recipients. Such correspondence could entail establishing a respectable ethos, arranging content as expected, and emphasizing common values. Knowledge of the Middle Eastern rhetorical tradition can inform a viable understanding for diplomatic correspondence.
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Rosenthal, Michael D. "United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231 & Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action." International Legal Materials 55, no. 1 (February 2016): 98–195. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/intelegamate.55.1.0098.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For many years, the United Nations Security Council expressed its concerns about the proliferation risks presented by the Iranian nuclear program, doing so in the context of its primary responsibility under the Charter of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security. With the intent to resolve its concerns, the Security Council adopted Resolution 2231 on July 20, 2015. The Resolution endorsed the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) that had been concluded on July 14, 2015, by China, France, Germany, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, the United States, the European Union, and Iran (the E3/EU + 3). Resolution 2231 and the JCPOA are closely intertwined. Their implementation will result in strict limits on Iran’s ability to produce weapongrade nuclear material. On-site verification and monitoring of these limits by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) will provide assurance that Iran is observing them. Resolution 2231 and the JCPOA also provide for a step-by-step removal of sanctions imposed on Iran for its past failure to resolve concerns about its nuclear program. Past concerns about “possible military dimensions” to Iran’s nuclear program, while neither misplaced nor necessarily fully assuaged, were put aside, being outweighed by the prospect that the JCPOA offers, “a comprehensive, long-term and proper solution to the Iranian nuclear issue.”
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Ab Aziz, Norjihan, and Noor Shuhadawati Mohamad Amin. "Cyberbullying Among Children: A Cross Jurisdictional Perspective." IIUM Law Journal 28, (S1) (October 28, 2020): 325–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumlj.v28i(s1).588.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The offence of cyberbullying is becoming prevalent in the digital era. This involves embarrassing pictures of the victims, negative comments on social media, and the internet with the intent to harass or shame the victims. In Malaysia, cyberbullying is governed by the Communication and Multimedia Act 1998 and the Penal Code. However, if the perpetrator is a child, the Child Act 2001 governs the criminal process and the disposition of the case, which is punitive in nature. The United Nations encourages state parties to apply restorative justice to deal with cyberbullying. New Zealand has implemented a family group conference to resolve criminal offences committed by children, which includes cyberbullying. The objective of this article is to examine the nature of cyberbullying among children. This article also analyses the process under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, New Zealand law, and Malaysian law on cyberbullying among children. It is recommended that the Child Act 2001 is amended by allowing children who are involved in cyberbullying to resolve the case through a family group conference as a process of restorative justice, which is recommended by the United Nations. The significance of this research is that it works towards the betterment of children’s needs and welfare in Malaysia. This research adopts a qualitative methodology that mainly focuses on doctrinal research where the sources include, among others, statutes, journal articles, and books.
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Hofman, Karen. "The Global Forum for Bioethics in Research: Report of a Meeting, November 1999." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 28, no. 2 (2000): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2000.tb00007.x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The first meeting of the Global Forum for Bioethics in Research was initiated by the Fogarty International Centre of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and sponsored by the World Health Organisation (WHO), the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) and the NIH. Held in Bethesda on November 7-10,1999, the intent was to bring together individuals involved in medical research in low- and middle-income nations to share views with each other and with organisations that support clinical research. Approximately 120 persons from 34 countries participated, including individuals from developing countries, pharmaceutical organisations, and communities where medical research is under way.The participants addressed the partnerships required between research sponsors and investigators involved in clinical trials in developing countries and the long-term needs for international multicentred training programs.
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Bryant, Janell, Kara Patterson, Marcus Vaska, Bonnie Chiang, Angeline Letendre, Lea Bill, Huiming Yang, and Karen Kopciuk. "Cancer Screening Interventions in Indigenous Populations: A Rapid Review." Current Oncology 28, no. 3 (May 6, 2021): 1728–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol28030161.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cancer screening is an important component of a cancer control strategy. Indigenous people in Canada have higher incidence rates for many types of cancer, including those that can be detected early or prevented through organized screening programs. Increased participation and retention in cancer screening is critical to improved population health outcomes amongst Indigenous people. This rapid review evaluates cancer screening interventions published in the last six years. Included studies demonstrated increased participation in breast, colorectal, or cervical cancer screening programs in Indigenous populations or showed promise of increased participation based on the factors that influence people’s screening practices, such as knowledge, attitude, or intent to screen. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guided the search strategy. The review identified 85 articles with 12 meeting the specified criteria: seven studies reported an increase in cancer screening participation and five studies reported improved knowledge, attitude, or intent to screen. The use of multiple culturally appropriate strategies in co-designed studies were the most effective. This review will be used to inform First Nations (FN) populations and Screening Programs in Alberta of potential strategies to address disparities identified through a recent data analysis comparing cancer screening and outcomes between FN and non-FN people.
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McCarney, Rosemary, and Jonathan Kent. "Forced displacement and climate change: Time for global governance." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 75, no. 4 (November 10, 2020): 652–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702020968944.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Climate change and its relatively slow-onset effects like sea level rise, desertification, and water salinization and associated sudden onset effects like floods, hurricanes and droughts, is perhaps the major emerging risk to rich and poor nations and the most vulnerable people within them. But the current system of global governance is entirely insufficient to cope with, let alone effectively respond to, the looming crisis of climate displacement. This policy brief discusses the current state of the global governance of climate displacement and identifies a number of substantive and organizational legal and policy elements in need of rapid implementation and development. The intent of this brief is to inform public debate and policy discourse on the challenges and opportunities toward improving the global governance of climate displacement.
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Mazrui, Ali A. "A Third World Perspective." Ethics & International Affairs 1 (March 1987): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1987.tb00511.x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At odds in 1987 were the philosophies of a United States grounded in political liberalism and a Soviet Union grounded in economic redistribution. While these principles may have defined these two nations' domestic policies and official international stances, Mazrui argues that the United States did little to propagate liberalism and the Soviet Union did little to encourage economic redistribution. Moreover, his critique seeks to reveal that each superpower's actions ultimately supported the other's philosophy. From this twist of intent and effect, Mazrui turns to the proclivity toward violence that the United States and the Soviet Union displayed in international affairs. Consequently, he calls into question the ethical justification of the means by which the superpowers repeatedly failed to accomplish their intended ends.
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KONUKOĞLU, Ahmet, and Mehmet Salih YOĞUN. "CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF FIGURES OF SPEECH IN SEVERN SUZUKI’S PERSUASIVE SPEECH." IEDSR Association 6, no. 16 (November 15, 2021): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.310.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a frequently used method with the intent of serving a trustworthy evaluation of what is intended to mean when the language is used to define and commentate. It is therefore of capital importance to consider the social context, the manner and word selection while analysing a speech in order to avoid passively reporting upon since the speech is impregnated with its meaning and perspective. In this respect, the purpose of the current study was to search for the critical discourse analysis of the speech given by a then 12-year-old Canadian girl called Severn Suziki, an environmental activist, in United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in 1992 in order to draw the attention of 117 presidents and representatives of 178 nations to some crucial topics such as environment and global warming. The keyword analysis of the speech revealed that the most frequently used words were ordered as child, children, world and afraid confirming the main aim of the speech that the environment should be protected for the future generations. Critical discourse analysis of the speech demonstrated that Severn Suziki utilised 7 figures of speech such as alliteration, hyperbole, imagery, irony, parallelism, rhetorical questions and simile justifying that she had her own particularity and implemented various persuasive techniques and figures of speech.
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Sanni, Mistura Laide, Bodunde Odunola Akinyemi, Dauda Akinwuyi Olalere, Emmanuel Ajayi Olajubu, and Ganiyu Adesola Aderounmu. "A Predictive Cyber Threat Model for Mobile Money Services." Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33166/aetic.2023.01.004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mobile Money Services (MMS), enabled by the wide adoption of mobile phones, offered an opportunity for financial inclusion for the unbanked in developing nations. Meanwhile, the risks of cybercrime are increasing, becoming more widespread, and worsening. This is being aggravated by the inadequate security practises of both service providers and the potential customers' underlying criminal intent to undermine the system for financial gain. Predicting potential mobile money cyber threats will afford the opportunity to implement countermeasures before cybercriminals explore this opportunity to impact mobile money assets or perpetrate financial cybercrime. However, traditional security techniques are too broad to address these emerging threats to Mobile Financial Services (MFS). Furthermore, the existing body of knowledge is not adequate for predicting threats associated with the mobile money ecosystem. Thus, there is a need for an effective analytical model based on intelligent software defence mechanisms to detect and prevent these cyber threats. In this study, a dataset was collected via interview with the mobile money practitioners, and a Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) was applied to handle the class imbalance problem. A predictive model to detect and prevent suspicious customers with cyber threat potential during the onboarding process for MMS in developing nations using a Machine Learning (ML) technique was developed and evaluated. To test the proposed model's effectiveness in detecting and classifying fraudulent MMS applicant intent, it was trained with various configurations, such as binary or multiclass, with or without the inclusion of SMOTE. Python programming language was employed for the simulation and evaluation of the proposed model. The results showed that ML algorithms are effective for modelling and automating the prediction of cyber threats on MMS. In addition, it proved that the logistic regression classifier with the SMOTE application provided the best classification performance among the various configurations of logistic regression experiments performed. This classification model will be suitable for secure MMS, which serves as a key deciding factor in the adoption and acceptance of mobile money as a cash substitute, especially among the unbanked population.
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Rusciano, Vincenzo, Gennaro Civero, and Debora Scarpato. "Social and Ecological High Influential Factors in Community Gardens Innovation: An Empirical Survey in Italy." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 6, 2020): 4651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114651.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 2015, The United Nations adopted an agenda for sustainable development in order to obtain “a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and for the world now and in the future (United Nations). The United Nations has defined 17 main goals, such as ending poverty, improving health, preserving the ocean, and tackling the climate change, in order to achieve worldwide sustainable development. Sustainable development is a crucial worldwide topic that encompasses three dimensions: economic, social and environmental. Nowadays, social ecological innovation has envisaged a new prominent business model focusing on social and environmental goals to achieve sustainable development. The intent of this paper is to propose the community garden framework as a social and ecological innovation tool in order to boost sustainable development in urban areas as well as rural areas. For this purpose, an empirical analysis based on a structured interview was conducted in the area of Naples on a sample of 150 gardeners. The results of the interviews have been aggregated by using a variance and correlation analysis in order to explore to what extent the social and environmental dimensions are linked to the community gardens and to identify a pattern between community gardens and social ecological innovation. Two attributes of community gardens, that is, urbanization effects mitigation and wellness and community, were identified as having the ability to influence other community garden attributes. Thus, the paper suggests using these highly influential factors to define a social and ecological innovation strategy based on a community gardens framework.
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Singsank, Lauralei. "Massacre or Genocide? Redefining the Sook Ching." Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal 17, no. 1 (August 17, 2020): 76–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/uo/ourj/17.1.7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sook Ching is a Chinese term meaning “purge through cleansing.” Operation Sook Ching took place in Singapore from February 21 to March 4, 1942. It was a military operation carried out by the Japanese with the intent of executing anti-Japanese Chinese men between the ages of 18 and 50. Ultimately, it is impossible to know exactly how many people were killed; the official Japanese figure is 5,000, while unofficial estimates reach as high as 50,000. Men were called into screening centers where disorganized screening procedures determined if they were anti-Japanese. The Sook Ching’s legacy lives on as one of the greatest tragedies in Singapore’s history. The intent of this paper is to argue for a redefinition of the Sook Ching as a genocide rather than a massacre. The cornerstones of this research are the United Nations’ Genocide Convention and contemporary sources discussing the crime. This research is important because it sets a precedent of accountability, as well as acknowledging the crimes the Japanese committed during the Second World War. This thesis will discuss the Sook Ching, its legacy, and the steps required to address the incident and right the wrongs that occurred. It will also examine the racial and political environment that set the stage for the tragedy, as well as the scars it left behind.
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Alaoudh, Abdullah S. "The Notice Requirement of Article 39 and Islamic Law: Developed vs. Developing Countries." Arab Law Quarterly 26, no. 4 (2012): 481–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730255-12341244.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Article 39 of the United Nations Convention for the International Sale of Goods, 1980 (CISG) requires a buyer to notify the seller within a reasonable time of any non-conformity. This requirement has been advanced by courts and applied mostly in favour of the developed countries by adopting a strict interpretation of Articles 39 and 44. This interpretation should be revisited, taking into consideration certain circumstances within some developing countries, e.g., observance to Islamic law and the lack of sophistication of many buyers as to regulations for international commerce. Although the provisions in Article 39 are not uncommon in several developing countries and under Islamic law, during their implementation, however, courts may neglect the Article’s legislative history and intent to uniformity and flexibility. Such strict interpretation may deter developing countries from participating in and benefiting from the CISG. A more contextual interpretation of these Articles will not contradict Islamic law.
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Herndon, J. Marvin, and Mark Whiteside. "Environmental Warfare against American Citizens: An Open Letter to the Joint Chiefs of Staff." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 8 (August 24, 2020): 382–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.78.8940.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
While the public perception of the recent attempts to unseat duly-elected U.S. President Donald J. Trump is thought to be solely of national origin, there is strong evidence of a more pernicious, United Nations’ sanctioned environmental assault on America and on American citizens. The United States and other sovereign nations are in the midst of a highly organized, covert environmental warfare assault, underlain by deception and deceit, orchestrated by a foreign entity, and perpetrated in America by the U.S. Air Force and its contractors, and facilitated by intelligence-agency operatives. The intent, to slowly and insidiously sicken, weaken, and debilitate citizenry, cause weather and climate chaos, cripple agriculture, and devastate the environment, is so cleverly underwritten and camouflaged as to have gone unnoticed in the 2018 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America and, presumably, is unknown to the Joint Chiefs of Staff. But it is described here. American military officers have the responsibility to protect their own citizens, especially as they possess the means to destroy human and environmental health. Systematically poisoning the air Americans breathe, harming human and environmental health, causing weather and climate chaos, damaging agriculture, and deceiving the public as to the adverse human and environmental health consequences – all under secret orders originating from a foreign entity – we allege, violates not only their Oath of Office, but is tantamount to treason. The United States Air Force co-optation, deceit, and unquestioning capitulation to a foreign entity should be of grave concern to the Joint Chiefs of Staff. With due humility we must emphasize that no military asset is worth damaging human and environmental health, especially on a national or planetary-scale, and especially due to a deceptively-worded, Trojan horse, United Nations international treaty whose signatories presumably were duped into signing in the false belief that they were preventing hostile environmental warfare.
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GUILFOYLE, Douglas. "TheSouth China Sea Award: How Should We Read the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea?" Asian Journal of International Law 8, no. 1 (January 2018): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2044251317000133.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe conventional wisdom has been that the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea [UNCLOS] Part XV dispute settlement system is narrowly restricted and this reflects the drafters’ intent. Thus, tribunals should cautiously interpret Part XV, giving broad effect to its jurisdictional limitations. The unanimous award inSouth China Seadeals this approach a blow. Indeed, it assumes a fundamentally different orientation to interpreting UNCLOS: one which implicitly takes the foremost principle of Part XV as being its compulsory and comprehensive character. This approach is rooted in a very different understanding of UNCLOS as a “package deal” and the consensus it reflects. Indeed, I argue that any interpretation of ambiguous provisions of UNLCOS is necessarily coloured by one’s view of the struggles involved in its negotiation. Further evidence of this difference of approach inSouth China Seais found, in particular, in its treatment of the regime of islands.
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Lloyd, Philip J. "The Role of Energy in Development." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 28, no. 1 (March 23, 2017): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2017/v28i1a1498.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractUsing World Bank Development Indicators, it is shown that the use of energy is strongly related to almost every conceivable aspect of development. Wealth, health, nutrition, water, infrastructure, education, even life expectancy itself, are strongly and significantly related to the consumption of energy per capita. In general, the approach taken was to break the consumption of energy into three or more classes, to calculate the average value of the relevant indicator in each class, and to demonstrate that the average value in one class was statistically different, at above the 95% confidence level, from the average in adjacent classes. In the case of life expectancy, the change in expectancy was tracked against energy consumption over 40 or more years, in India, China, Indonesia and Brazil. It is concluded that energy is such a necessary element in development that it should be seen as a basic right. The impact of energy on development is felt strongly up to about 2 000 kg oil equivalent per capita, and is essentially saturated above that level. The data are qualitatively assessed using the environmental Kuznets curve. The OECD nations appear to have peaked, and emissions may continue to drop for the foreseeable future. However, emissions from the non-OECD nations have surged in this millennium, and are likely to exceed 40 000 Mt CO2 per annum before slowing. In this light, the intent of the Paris Agreement to constrain global temperature rise to less than 1.5 °C, seems unrealistic. Any hopes of reducing carbon dioxide emissions significantly, in the face of development by the developing nations, seems doomed to failure. Keywords: development, World Bank Indicators, life expectancy, future emissionsHighlights• Many development indicators are strongly related to the per-capita energy consumption.• The impacts of increasing energy on development continues up to about 2000 kg oil equivalent per capita per year.• Over the past 50 years, increases in per-capita energy consumption correlate strongly with increases in life expectancy. • If all developing nations strive for 2000 kg per capita per year energy consumption, CO2 emissions will continue to rise.
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Ruru, Jacinta, and Jacobi Kohu-Morris. "‘Maranga Ake Ai’ The Heroics of Constitutionalising Te Tiriti O Waitangi/The Treaty of Waitangi in Aotearoa New Zealand." Federal Law Review 48, no. 4 (October 5, 2020): 556–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x20955105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1840, some of the sovereign nations of Māori signed te Tiriti o Waitangi (the Māori language version of the Treaty of Waitangi) with the British Crown. Hone Heke was the first Māori leader of the northern nation of Ngāpuhi to sign, but by 1844 he was leading a significant revolt against British colonialism in Aotearoa New Zealand by chopping down British flagpoles erected on his lands. While Māori may have initially welcomed the intent of te Tiriti as a means for seeking British help to protect their international borders, the British prioritised the English version of the Treaty which recorded the transfer of sovereignty from Māori to the British. As the British transposed their dominant legal traditions of governance, including bringing to the fore their doctrine of parliamentary supremacy, Māori have been seeking their survival ever since. We extend this by focusing on why the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty needs to adapt to the Treaty’s promise of bicultural power sharing.
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Mohammed Nasiru, Ibrahim, Usman Salisu Ogbo, Abdullahi Abdullazeez Osuwa, and Olawale Olufemi Akinrinde. "CHALLENGES OF LEADERSHIP AND FOLLOWERSHIP IN NIGERIAN GOVERNANCE ARCHITECTURE: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW." Politička revija 69, no. 3/2021 (November 8, 2021): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22182/pr.6932021.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper examines the challenges of leadership and followership in governance and how poor leadership has undermined democratic and sustainable development in Nigeria. Specifically, it explores reasons why one of the world most endowed nations in human capacity continues to be bequeathed mis-governance. Using documentary approach, we argue that the challenges for poor leadership and followership in Nigeria’s contemporary political system are tied to corruption and self-aggrandizement of leaders and followers with unquenchable self-centeredness coupled with a crop of leaders without vision towards the betterment of the country. We conclude however that Nigerians should focus on electing leaders with proven track records of selfless service, achievement towards geared sustainability and developmental stride for efficiency, effectiveness and higher productivity. If this was done in line with the intent to salvage the crumbling political system, there would be renewed value orientation that is required to make Nigerians more politically responsible to the country.
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Strutyński, Maciej. "Pojęcie narodu w koncepjach współczesnych środowisk nacjonalistycznych na Ukrainie." Sprawy Narodowościowe, no. 47 (January 29, 2016): 176–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sn.2015.065.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The notion of nation in the thought of contemporary nationalistic groups in UkraineThe nation is a key notion for all nationalistic movements. It can be seen from an axiological perspective. Some nationalistic environments perceive the ethnical background as crucial, other stress the importance of spiritual community. The nationalistic groups in contemporary Ukraine represent various stages of work on their ideological system as crucial, Other stress the importance of spiritual community. Several of them find it essential to indicate the source of their philosophy, hence the presence of deep deliberations about the essence of nation and the relationship between an individual and national community. A number of other organizations underline the importance of current politics over ideological considerations and effectively find notions such as nation obvious and see no need to comment on them. The contemporary Ukrainian nationalism clearly emphasizes ethnical and cultural distinction of Ukrainians from other nations. It might be argued that the intent to reject the apparent Polish and Russian historical influences is one of important factors contributing to this attitude. The contemporary Ukrainian nationalism clearly emphasizes ethnical and cultural distinction of Ukrainians from other nations. It might be argued that the intent to reject the apparent Polish and Russian historical influences is one of important factors contributing to this attitude. Pojęcie narodu w koncepjach współczesnych środowisk nacjonalistycznych na UkrainiePojęcie narodu jest kluczowe dla wszystkich ruchów nacjonalistycznych. Z koncepcją narodu wiąże się także odwołanie do kwestii aksjologicznych. Niektóre środowiska nacjonalistyczne za najważniejszy czynnik uznają pochodzenie etniczne, inne większy nacisk kładą na wspólnotę ducha. Środowiska nacjonalistyczne na współczesnej Ukrainie prezentują różny poziom wypracowania zasad ideowych. Dla niektórych dokładne wskazanie źródeł przyjętego światopoglądu jest bardzo istotne. Stąd obecność głębszych rozważań na temat istoty narodu, relacji pomiędzy jednostką a wspólnotą narodową. Pozostałe organizacje polityczne przedkładają bieżącą politykę, w efekcie czego pewne pojęcia, takie jak naród, uważają za zrozumiałe same z siebie i niewymagające szerszego komentarza. Współczesny ukraiński nacjonalizm w dość wyraźny sposób akcentuje odrębność etniczną i kulturową od innych narodów. Wydaje się, że bardzo istotnym impulsem do takiej postawy jest chęć zerwania z widocznymi historycznymi wpływami polskimi i rosyjskimi.
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Kovač, Mirnes. "Muhammad Between East and West." Illuminatio 1, no. 2 (March 26, 2021): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.52510/sia.v1i2.18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most observers of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s political situation have focused only on the problems that the Dayton Peace Accord created for the normal functioning of this Southeastern European state, but a workable solution is yet to be proposed.
The Accord achieved peace by blocking any ability for effective governing and by diminishing the Bosnian state capacity through an excessive dispersion of power with an uncommon constitutional focus on internationalism, and an erroneous type of pluralism that undermines the normal functioning of a democracy. The solution for these problems is to be found by adjusting the procedural selection of the United Nations High Representative, who is the primary actor directly responsible for the implementation of the Accord, both in terms of the letter and intent of the document, and this paper explains how that change can be made and what problems it will resolve.
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Kriještorac, Mirsad. "A concrete proposal to upgrade the Dayton Peace Agreement." Illuminatio 1, no. 2 (March 26, 2021): 256–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.52510/sia.v1i2.16.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most observers of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s political situation have focused only on the problems that the Dayton Peace Accord created for the normal functioning of this Southeastern European state, but a workable solution is yet to be proposed.
The Accord achieved peace by blocking any ability for effective governing and by diminishing the Bosnian state capacity through an excessive dispersion of power with an uncommon constitutional focus on internationalism, and an erroneous type of pluralism that undermines the normal functioning of a democracy. The solution for these problems is to be found by adjusting the procedural selection of the United Nations High Representative, who is the primary actor directly responsible for the implementation of the Accord, both in terms of the letter and intent of the document, and this paper explains how that change can be made and what problems it will resolve.
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Haugerud (editor in chief), Rolf Egil, Micheline Manseau (issue editor), Deborah Simmons, Dennis Brannen, Vince Crichton, Mark Ryckman, and Jessica Elliott (issue associate editors). "13th North American Caribou Workshop, 25-28 October 2010, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada." Rangifer 32, no. 2 (March 1, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.32.2.2232.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The 13th North American Caribou Workshop which was held in Winnipeg, Manitoba, was a great success with more than 400 participants: people from Canada, the United States, Norway and Greenland, representatives from co-management and resource management boards across North America, First Nations, Inuit and Inuvialuit, governmental and non-governmental organisations, private companies, researchers, students and youth. The theme of the Workshop was Sustaining Caribou and their Landscapes – Knowledge to Action and the intent of the organizers was twofold: first, to provide participants with the opportunity to share scientific and traditional knowledge on different subspecies and ecotypes of Rangifer across the circumpolar North, the particularities of the different landscapes and land use management issues; second, to explore innovative ways to transfer knowledge to action, ensuring the long-term persistence of Rangifer throughout its range through the development of better governance structures, sound policies and effective communication.
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Anugerah, Nilam Rizky, and Surya Pranata. "LAW ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS AGAINST IMMIGRATION CRIMES." Journal of Law and Border Protection 1, no. 2 (December 25, 2019): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jlbp.v1i2.175.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
the development of information technology, communication and transportation are tendency in terms of increasing relations between nations globally which drives human traffic between countries, giving rise to the complexity of the problems of human mobility between countries. Based on selective policy that upholds the value of human rights, regulated entry of foreigners into the territory of Indonesia, so also for foreigners who obtain a residence permit in the territory of Indonesia must be in accordance with the intent and purpose of being in Indonesia. Immigration crime is basically in addition to its nature as an international and transnational crime and is carried out individually or in an organized manner, it is also very detrimental and endangering to the community so that a severe criminal threat is needed in order to provide a deterrent effect for foreigners who commit violations. forms of supervision of foreigners, namely, supervision of foreigners, field supervision, immigration detention centers, and prevention and deterrence.
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Webster, Allen L. "The Relationship Between Economic Freedom And Income Equality In The United States." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 12, no. 5 (April 27, 2013): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i5.7822.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
While considerable research in the past has focused on the socioeconomic impact of economic freedom on economic growth among nations, less emphasis has been devoted to the relationship between economic sovereignty and income equality. This is particularly true when the area of focus has been restricted to comparisons among states within the United States. Furthermore, what work has been offered comparing US states has proven to be contradictory. Certain studies reviewed in this paper suggest that higher measures of economic freedom are associated with greater income inequality. On the other hand, evidence exists that less inequality is found in areas with greater economic autonomy. This study uses the Gini Index as measures of income distribution. The Fraser Institute in Vancouver, Canada offers well-respected measures of economic freedom among the US states and the provinces of Canada. These data are used to further examine relationships between state levels of economic freedom and income distribution with the intent to offer some general consensus regarding this all-important association.
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Bilder, Richard B. "The Role of States and Cities in Foreign Relations." American Journal of International Law 83, no. 4 (October 1989): 821–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203371.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A major purpose of the Constitution was to place control of foreign relations firmly in the hands of the national Government. In 1788 James Madison wrote in The Federalist: “If we are to be one nation in any respect, it clearly ought to be in respect to other nations.” Yet a recent article, 200 years later, reports approvingly that “more than 1000 U.S. state and local governments of all political stripes are participating in foreign affairs, and their numbers are expanding.” Criticizing this development, another recent article comments: “The national interest demands that local interference in foreign and defense policy be curtailed before the federal government finds itself hamstrung by hundreds of would-be secretaries of state touting their own parochial agendas. … Foreign policy must be made in Washington and not in the citizens’ backyards.” My intent here is briefly to describe the current situation, and to indicate some of the legal and policy factors relevant to assessing the propriety of state and local government involvement in foreign affairs.
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Wan, James, Ling Wang, Raafat Saade, Hong Guan, and Hao Liu. "Empirical Analysis of Strategic Management in Inter-Governmental Organization." Administrative Sciences 12, no. 3 (July 18, 2022): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030083.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, we present a strategic change theoretical model and empirically validate it in the context of inter-governmental organizations. We followed a survey methodology approach and tested our model hypotheses using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Traditional strategic management models were created primarily with the private sector in mind. Therefore, validation of the model constructs for their appropriateness to the present construct is essential, especially that these types of organizations, such as those of the United Nations agencies, face major challenges when it comes to change. We found significant re-groupings of items, leading to the necessity to reformulate the constructs, as the context of our study is significantly different. We found that institutional pressures have a significant influence on strategic change and were mediated by strategic formulation. We also found that strategic pressures did not have any influence on strategic intent. Our research theoretical model and results provide many insights to future research directions and inter-governmental organizational practitioners who are engaged in change management.
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Waktola, Daniel K. "Cartographic Propaganda in the Age of Social Media: Empirical Evidence from Ethiopia." Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization 57, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cart-2022-0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cartographic propaganda is a conscious manipulation of a map to influence the reader’s belief. Countries often use it to claim disputed territories or project fear over opposing nations or political alliances, but little is known about the manipulations of maps along internal sociolinguistic and political fault lines on social media platforms. The author investigated the nature and intent of propaganda maps in Ethiopia before and after the 2018 government reform based on six purposely sampled maps prominently circulated on social media. While falling short of the acceptable cartographic qualities, the analysis of sample propaganda maps revealed two fundamental characteristics during the pre- and post-government reform. First, their role shifted from a centripetal force in the political coalition to a centrifugal force in the coalition’s disintegration. Second, their mode of dissemination transitioned from cartographic misinformation to disinformation. The findings of this study contribute empirical evidence to the ongoing cartographic information discourse that lags behind the rapidly changing map-making and map-sharing platforms in the age of geospatial and social media revolutions.
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Tokrri, Renata, Blerina Muskaj, and Ersi Bozheku. "National Identity between the Principle of the Secular State and Freedom of Religion." Journal of Educational and Social Research 12, no. 6 (November 5, 2022): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2022-0147.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The religious symbols exposed in public buildings, such as schools, courtrooms, etc., in recent years animated the debate not only public but also jurisprudential. It turns out that, after centuries of attempts to “purify” states of religious influences, after years of attempts to “purify” public spaces of religious symbols, it seems that the modern state has failed to do so. In this century of globalization, we see a return of the sacred, a clash between different cultures, a "duel" between the different absolute truths that everyone believes they possess. In particular, there is a symbol, representative of all, under which all citizens are subject, regardless of their religious or philosophical conviction, and it is precisely the flag. It turns out that, one in three flags, that is, one third of the flags in the world contain religious symbols, predominantly Christian symbols, followed by Muslim ones and the rest Hindu, Buddhist, Jewish symbols and traditional religions and cults (Theodoru, 2014). The cross and the crescent moon are the most common where the majority of nations recognize themselves. The cross and the crescent are the most common where the majority of nations recognize themselves. The intent of this work is to be able to give a stricto jure answer to a complicated diatribe, analyzing whether the exhibition of religious symbols contained in flags can constitute a justified reason to believe that the principle of neutrality and secularity of the State, the principle of equality and non-discrimination, is violed. Through these principles the freedom of religion of each individual is also guaranteed, also taking into account the negative dimension of the latter. This problem affects many democracies, including European ones, yet the European Union itself aims to build a European identity, an identity in which everyone identifies and recognizes.
Received: 5 September 2022 / Accepted: 20 October 2022 / Published: 5 November 2022
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Moreno, Carlos, Zaheer Allam, Didier Chabaud, Catherine Gall, and Florent Pratlong. "Introducing the “15-Minute City”: Sustainability, Resilience and Place Identity in Future Post-Pandemic Cities." Smart Cities 4, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4010006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The socio-economic impacts on cities during the COVID-19 pandemic have been brutal, leading to increasing inequalities and record numbers of unemployment around the world. While cities endure lockdowns in order to ensure decent levels of health, the challenges linked to the unfolding of the pandemic have led to the need for a radical re-think of the city, leading to the re-emergence of a concept, initially proposed in 2016 by Carlos Moreno: the “15-Minute City”. The concept, offering a novel perspective of “chrono-urbanism”, adds to existing thematic of Smart Cities and the rhetoric of building more humane urban fabrics, outlined by Christopher Alexander, and that of building safer, more resilient, sustainable and inclusive cities, as depicted in the Sustainable Development Goal 11 of the United Nations. With the concept gaining ground in popular media and its subsequent adoption at policy level in a number of cities of varying scale and geographies, the present paper sets forth to introduce the concept, its origins, intent and future directions.
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Moreno, Carlos, Zaheer Allam, Didier Chabaud, Catherine Gall, and Florent Pratlong. "Introducing the “15-Minute City”: Sustainability, Resilience and Place Identity in Future Post-Pandemic Cities." Smart Cities 4, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4010006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The socio-economic impacts on cities during the COVID-19 pandemic have been brutal, leading to increasing inequalities and record numbers of unemployment around the world. While cities endure lockdowns in order to ensure decent levels of health, the challenges linked to the unfolding of the pandemic have led to the need for a radical re-think of the city, leading to the re-emergence of a concept, initially proposed in 2016 by Carlos Moreno: the “15-Minute City”. The concept, offering a novel perspective of “chrono-urbanism”, adds to existing thematic of Smart Cities and the rhetoric of building more humane urban fabrics, outlined by Christopher Alexander, and that of building safer, more resilient, sustainable and inclusive cities, as depicted in the Sustainable Development Goal 11 of the United Nations. With the concept gaining ground in popular media and its subsequent adoption at policy level in a number of cities of varying scale and geographies, the present paper sets forth to introduce the concept, its origins, intent and future directions.
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Jiang, Shanhe, Eric G. Lambert, Jianhong Liu, and Jinwu Zhang. "An Exploratory Study of the Effects of Work Environment Variables on Job Satisfaction Among Chinese Prison Staff." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 6 (February 8, 2017): 1694–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17691533.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Job satisfaction has been linked to many positive outcomes, such as greater work performance, increased organizational commitment, reduced job burnout, decreased absenteeism, and lower turnover intent/turnover. A substantial body of research has examined how work environment variables are linked to job satisfaction among U.S. correctional staff; far less research has examined prison staff in non-Western nations, especially China. Using survey data collected from two prisons in Guangzhou, China, this study investigated the level of job satisfaction among prison staff and how personal characteristics (i.e., gender, tenure, age, and educational level) and work environment variables (i.e., perceived dangerousness of the job, job variety, supervision, instrumental communication, and input into decision making) affect job satisfaction. The findings from ordinary least squares regression equations indicated that the work environment variables explained a greater proportion of the variance in the job satisfaction measure than the personal characteristics. In the full multivariate regression model, gender was the only personal characteristic to have a significant association with job satisfaction, with female staff reporting higher satisfaction. Input into decision making and job variety had significant positive associations, whereas dangerousness had a significant negative relationship with job satisfaction.
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Mandel, Maud S. "One Nation Indivisible: Contemporary Western European Immigration Policies and the Politics of Multiculturalism." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 4, no. 1 (March 1995): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.4.1.89.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since World War II, policies with regard to immigrant populations have changed dramatically and repeatedly throughout Western Europe. From 1945 to 1955, Western European nations absorbed an enormous number of refugees uprooted during the war. Until the 1970s, governments did not limit migration, nor did they formulate comprehensive social policies toward these new immigrants. Indeed, from the mid-1950s until 1973, most Western European governments, interested in facilitating economic growth, allowed businesses and large corporations to seek cheap immigrant labor abroad. As Georges Tapinos points out, “For the short term, the conditions of the labor market [and] the rhythm of economic growth . . . determined the flux of migrations” (422). France, Britain, Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands welcomed the generally young, single male migrants as a cheap labor force, treating them as guest workers. As a result, few governments instituted social policies to ease the workers’ transition to their new environments. Policies began to change in the 1960s when political leaders, intent on gaining control over the haphazard approach to immigration that had dominated the previous 20 years, slowly began to formulate educational measures and social policies aimed at integrating newcomers.