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1
Wescott, Geoffrey Charles. "Australia's Distinctive National Parks System." Environmental Conservation 18, no. 4 (1991): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290002258x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Australia possesses a distinctive national parks and conservation reserves system, in which it is the State Governments rather than the Federal Government which owns, plans, and manages, national parks and other conservation reserves.Most Australian States declared their first national parks in the latter quarter of last century, Australia's first national park being declared in New South Wales in March 1879. These critical declarations were followed by a slow accumulation of parks and reserves through to 1968. The pace of acquisition then quickened dramatically with an eight-fold expansion in the total area of national parks between 1968 and 1990, at an average rate of over 750,000 ha per annum. The present Australian system contains 530 national parks covering 20.18 million hectares or 2.6% of the land-mass. A further 28.3 million hectares is protected in other parks and conservation reserves. In terms of the percentage of their land-mass now in national parks, the leading States are Tasmania (12.8%) and Victoria (10.0%), with Western Australia (1.9%) and Queensland (2.1%) trailing far behind, and New South Wales (3.92%) and South Australia (3.1%) lying between.The Australian system is also compared with the Canadian and USA systems. All three are countries of widely comparable cultures that have national parks covering similar percentage areas, but Canada and the USA have far fewer national parks than Australia and they are in general of much greater size. In addition, Canada and the USA ‘resource’ these parks far better than the Australians do theirs. The paper concludes that Australia needs to rationalize its current system by introducing direct funding, by the Federal Government, of national park management, and duly examining the whole system of reserves from a national rather than States' viewpoint.
2
Pollock, Laura J., Dan F. Rosauer, Andrew H. Thornhill, Heini Kujala, Michael D. Crisp, Joseph T. Miller, and Michael A. McCarthy. "Phylogenetic diversity meets conservation policy: small areas are key to preserving eucalypt lineages." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1662 (February 19, 2015): 20140007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Evolutionary and genetic knowledge is increasingly being valued in conservation theory, but is rarely considered in conservation planning and policy. Here, we integrate phylogenetic diversity (PD) with spatial reserve prioritization to evaluate how well the existing reserve system in Victoria, Australia captures the evolutionary lineages of eucalypts, which dominate forest canopies across the state. Forty-three per cent of remaining native woody vegetation in Victoria is located in protected areas (mostly national parks) representing 48% of the extant PD found in the state. A modest expansion in protected areas of 5% (less than 1% of the state area) would increase protected PD by 33% over current levels. In a recent policy change, portions of the national parks were opened for development. These tourism development zones hold over half the PD found in national parks with some species and clades falling entirely outside of protected zones within the national parks. This approach of using PD in spatial prioritization could be extended to any clade or area that has spatial and phylogenetic data. Our results demonstrate the relevance of PD to regional conservation policy by highlighting that small but strategically located areas disproportionally impact the preservation of evolutionary lineages.
3
Lawrence, Ruth E., and Marc P. Bellette. "Gold, timber, war and parks : A history of the Rushworth Forest in central Victoria." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 122, no. 2 (2010): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs10022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Rushworth Forest is a Box and Ironbark open sclerophyll forest in central Victoria that has been subject to a long history of gold mining activity and forest utilisation. This paper documents the major periods of land use history in the Rushworth Forest and comments on the environmental changes that have occurred as a result. During the 1850s to 1890s, the Forest was subject to extensive gold mining operations, timber resource use, and other forest product utilisation, which generated major changes to the forest soils, vegetation structure and species cover. From the 1890s to 1930s, concern for diminishing forest cover across central Victoria led to the creation of timber reserves, including the Rushworth State Forest. After the formation of a government forestry department in 1919, silvicultural practices were introduced which aimed at maximising the output of tall timber production above all else. During World War II, the management of the Forest was taken over by the Australian Army as Prisoner of War camps were established to harvest timber from the Forest for firewood production. Following the War, the focus of forestry in Victoria moved away from the Box and Ironbark forests, but low value resource utilisation continued in the Rushworth Forest from the 1940s to 1990s. In 2002, about one-third of the Forest was declared a National Park and the other two-thirds continued as a State Forest. Today, the characteristics of the biophysical environment reflect the multiple layers of past land uses that have occurred in the Rushworth Forest.
4
McCarthy, Michael A., and Laura J. Pollock. "Conserving phylogenetic diversity, with reference to Victorian eucalypts." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 128, no. 1 (2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs16001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Preserving the tree of life (i.e. phylogenetic diversity) is increasingly recognised as important in conservation. Australia is a key area for retaining the tree of life because it holds a disproportionately large amount of phylogenetic diversity. We examine the degree to which the phylogenetic diversity of Victorian eucalypts is reserved within conservation areas. Based on modelled distributions of 101 eucalypt species and a phylogeny constructed from four molecular markers, we show that Victoria’s conservation reserve system contains approximately a quarter of the eucalypt phylogenetic diversity. Some species do not exist at all within the reserve system. Large increases in reserved phylogenetic diversity could be achieved with small increases in the area set aside for conservation. Further, we show that any developments within Victoria’s national parks should consider impacts on the reservation of eucalypt phylogenetic diversity.
5
Khudoba, V. "Representation analysis of large reserves units network in Western Volyn-Podillia region." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 39 (December 15, 2011): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2011.39.2197.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is dedicated to the analysis of the network of reserves, national parks and regional landscape parks in Western Volyn-Podillia region. The research has determined their level of representation of nature-territorial complexes of the region itself. It has been suggested in the article to optimize these objects in order to increase their representation by means of creating more regional landscape parks. Key words: nature reserves stock, natural reserve, national park, regional landscape park, natureterritorial complexes.
6
CHETVERIKOV, B., and A. KOSTYANCHUK. "Method of mapping of the national parks and protected areas of Ukraine using GIS technology." Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry 42, no. II (September 1, 2021): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-2-42-84-91.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aim. The aim of the work is to create a thematic map of National Parks and protected areas of Ukraine using GIS technologies. The objectives of the work are to propose a technological scheme of mapping of National parks and protected areas of Ukraine using GIS technologies and to describe the methodology of this mapping. Method. The first step was to search for input data and analyze them. Since the data was obtained from free online services, their geometric correction did not make sense, as they were already bound in the coordinate system WGS_1984. The following 11 layers were then vectorized: nature reserves, biosphere reserves, nature parks, regional landscape parks, reserves, natural monuments, protected tracts, botanical gardens, dendrological parks, zoological parks, parks-monuments of landscape art. An attribute database with the following structure is created for each vector layer: Name – name of the protected area, Oblast – location (region of Ukraine), Area – area of the territory (ha), Type – type of protected area according to the classification. Different symbols of protected objects are designed for each vector layer. In the future, it is planned to compile an atlas of National Parks and Protected Areas of Ukraine based on the created GIS. Results. As a result of this goal, we obtained a thematic map of National Parks and protected areas of Ukraine, which consists of 11 vector layers according to the classification of nature reserves of Ukraine and contains 1204 objects for which the corresponding attribute tables have been created. Practical significance. The practical significance of this work is quite high, because orderly, systematized spatial and attributive information will: help in resolving issues of land management and recreation; improving management efficiency; to promote the provision and development of scientific activity; to improve the information and educational functioning of the objects of the nature reserve fund, etc.
7
Aschenbrand, Erik, and Thomas Michler. "Why Do UNESCO Biosphere Reserves Get Less Recognition than National Parks? A Landscape Research Perspective on Protected Area Narratives in Germany." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 10, 2021): 13647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413647.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper explores how landscape research can contribute to our understanding of why integrated protected area concepts like biosphere reserves get less recognition than national parks. In this regard, we analysed policy documents and online communication of biosphere reserves and national parks, conducted qualitative interviews with conservation professionals and volunteers as well as participant observation in order to identify and compare narratives that guide the communication and perception of both protected area categories. The results show how national parks offer a clear interpretation of space by building on landscape stereotypes and creating landscape legibility and experience-ability through touristification. National Parks also experience conflicts about proper management and combine a variety of goals, often including regional development. Nevertheless, their narrative is unambiguous and powerful. Biosphere reserves, on the other hand, have an image problem that is essentially due to the difficulty of communicating their objectives. They confront the difficult task of creating a vision that combines development and conservation while integrating contrarious landscape stereotypes. We argue for a fundamental engagement with protected area narratives, as this improves understanding of protected areas’ transformative potential.
8
TSARYK, Lyubomyr, and Ihor KUZYK. "RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR: ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 53, no. 2 (November 17, 2022): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.22.2.13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
According to the results of the study of the nature protection aspect of the russian-Ukrainian war, it was established that since 2014, the russian federation illegally captured and destroyed about 500 objects of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine, with a total area of over 1.2 million hectares. Came under occupation 3 Biosphere Reserves, 14 Nature Reserves, 19 National Natural Parks, dozens Regional Landscape Parks, hundreds Reserves, Sights Nature, Reserve Tracts, Botanical gardens, Dendrological parks, Zoological parks and Parks-sights of garden and park art. Famous protected objects suffered from russian military aggression: Biosphere Reserve «Askania-Nova», Chornomorskyi Biosphere Reserve, National Natural Parks «Slobozhanskyi», «Gomilshan Lisy», «Svyati Hory», «Meotida», «Oleshkivsʹki Pisky», Nature Reserve «Khomutovsky Step». Practically all types of biodiversity in the protected areas have been destroyed, unique landscapes are disturbed, the scientific achievements of specialists of nature-reserved objects were liquidated or exported. Cases of mining of protected areas have been recorded, uncontrolled deforestation, destruction of rare species of flora and fauna, etc.
At the first stage of military aggression, in 2014, russia illegally occupied 100% of the natural reserve fund of the Crimean peninsula, 25.2% of the nature reserve fund of Donetsk region and 23.8% of the nature reserve fund of Luhansk region. In the second stage of aggression and full-scale war against Ukraine, from February 24, 2022, the russian federation completely seized all territories and objects of the nature reserve fund of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, as well as a significant part of valuable nature conservation of Kyiv, Sumy, Chernihiv, Kharkiv, Zaporizhzhia, and Kherson regions. As of September 1, 2022, a large part of the territory of Ukraine, including nature conservation areas, is freed from occupation. But it is still quite difficult to assess the damage caused to the national nature reserve fund. Therefore, the prospect of further scientific-practical research remains the assessment of damage caused to protected objects and territories in the east and south of Ukraine.
Key words: war, russian aggression, national natural parks, nature reserves, biosphere reserves, flora, fauna.
9
Coveney, Janet. "Planning for Areas Adjacent to National Parks in Victoria." Urban Policy and Research 11, no. 4 (September 1993): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08111149308551574.
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10
Mordi, A. Richard. "The Future of Animal Wildlife and Its Habitat in Botswana." Environmental Conservation 16, no. 2 (1989): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900008924.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To conserve its wildlife, Botswana has set aside more than 17% of its total land area as game reserves, national parks, and wildlife management areas. Despite this generous allocation to wildlife, the fauna of the country is declining in both absolute numbers and species diversity. Lack of permanent water-sources in some game reserves, obstruction of fauna migration routes by cattle fences, and a poorly-developed tourist industry, are partly responsible for this decline.In a developing country such as Botswana, tourism should yield sufficient funds for the maintenance of game reserves and national parks. But currently the tourist industry accounts for less than 2% of the gross national product. Unless the industry is encouraged to flourish and expand into dormant reserves such as the Gemsbok National Park and Mabuasehube Game Reserve, animals in those sanctuaries are likely to be driven by drought into South Africa.
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ГУЛЬБИНА, А. А. "Marine protected waters of the Far East: pages of history." Вестник ДВО РАН, no. 210(2) (April 27, 2020): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37102/08697698.2020.210.2.006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Показана история создания на Дальнем Востоке России морских охраняемых акваторий федерального и регионального статуса заповедников, национальных парков, заказников. The history of creation of marine protected areas of federal and regional status is shown: reserves, national parks, reserves of the Far Eastern seas.
12
Kosheliuk, T. V. "Institutional Management System Of National Nature Parks In Ukraine." Actual problems of improving of current legislation of Ukraine, no. 54 (November 30, 2020): 74–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/apiclu.54.74-89.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents an analysis of the understanding of the concept and management system in the field of nature reserves of Ukraine, in particular, national nature parks. As a result of the analysis of scientific literature, normative-legal acts the author’s approaches to systematization of types of management in this sphere are presented. The separation of three management systems is substantiated: 1) state; 2) intra-administrative 3) public. Based on this, a system of entities (institutions) that implement management functions at different levels. The study identified problems and shortcomings in the mechanism of public management of national nature parks and suggested ways to solve them.
The issues of peculiarities of management of national nature parks, legal status of subjects of administrative activity, competences of subjects of state management of nature reserve fund, as well as participation of public and scientific institutions in this process are insufficiently researched today. Therefore, there is a need to develop ways to improve the institutional framework of management in this area.
The author emphasizes the subordination of national nature parks various agencies, which creates a problematic situation, because when the national nature park belongs to a non-core agency, which does not have special units for the management of such facilities, there are numerous violations of current legislation on nature reserves.
After all, only a centralized management system of the relevant body will help maintain compliance with the legal regime in these areas and optimize the activities of national nature parks.
13
Brusak, Vitaliy P., Yaroroslav S. Kravchuk, Ivan V. Brusak, and Diana A. Krychevska. "State and prospects of relief protection in nature reserves and national nature parks of the Ukrainian Carpathians." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 31, no. 1 (April 3, 2022): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the research is to analyze the current state of the protection of relief types within nature reserves and national nature parks of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The study analyzes coverage of usual and unique types of mountain and premountain relief of the Ukrainian Carpathians within nature protection institutions. The method contains a general geomorphological analysis of the relief of nature conservation institutions of the Ukrainian Carpathians. geomorphological structure and zoning of the research region based on the systematization and comparison of the up to date cartographic and descriptive materials. Comparing the map Geomorphological structure (morphostructure and morphosculpture) of the Ukrainian Carpathians (Hnatiuk et al., 2007) and borrowed cartographic materials from the Projects of organization of nature reserves and national nature parks within the region, special representativeness of relief types in the QGIS software is obtained. Authors set a degree of representativeness of relief types within the territories of nature conservation institutions as well as present it in special tables and maps. Additionally, the map ofthe location of nature reserves and national nature parks within the geomorphological zoning of the Ukrainian Carpathians (Rudko & Kravchuk, 2002) is made as well as the character of protection of various geomorphological areas of mountain and premountain parts of the region is clarified. For the first time, authors establish the degree of regional and typological geomorphological representativeness of natural reserves and national nature parks as well as clarify the current state of protection of relief types of the Ukrainian Carpathians in general. Based on the results of the analysis, authors develop proposals for the creation of new nature conservation institutions in the Ukrainian Carpathians for optimization of the relief as well as proposals for the protection of the region and its use in nature conservation, scientific, natural-cognitive, and recreational purposes.
14
Yang, Shuhui, and Xiaoyu Duan. "Protection and enlightenment of ecological integrity of Canadian national parks." E3S Web of Conferences 131 (2019): 01035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913101035.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Canada is one of the first countries in the world to establish a national park, and pioneered the concept of ecological integrity management of national parks. Based on this concept, the country has basically achieved the sustainable development of national parks. China has a vast territory, a large number of scenic spots and nature reserves, but its system and management methods need to be optimized. This paper takes forestry developed countries as an example, summarizes the progress of ecological integrity protection in Canadian national parks, summarizes its current ecosystem adaptive management concepts and implementation methods, Ecological Integrity (EI) monitoring construction and related evaluation index systems, ecosystem protection and restoration. The experience is intended to provide a reference for the improvement of the ecological integrity protection of national parks in China.
15
Zhai, Boqiang, and Xitun Yuan. "Discussion on the Integration and Optimization Plan of Natural Reserve-Take Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an example." E3S Web of Conferences 257 (2021): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125703003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The integration and optimization of nature reserves is an important part of the new round of land and space planning, and it is also an important part of building a system of nature reserves with national parks as the main body. This article takes Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, which has many nature reserves and relatively complex conditions as an example, to summarize and study the technical and operational issues involved in the integration and optimization of 30 different types of nature reserves, natural parks and scenic spots in the region. We propose an integration and optimization plan that fits the region, focusing on the treatment of the overlapping and distributed residential land, basic farmland, and major construction projects of each protected area, and provide reasonable suggestions for the integration and optimization of the construction of natural reserves with Chinese characteristics.
16
Taber, Andrew B. "The status and conservation of the Chacoan peccary in Paraguay." Oryx 25, no. 3 (July 1991): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300034177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Chacoan peccary Catagonus wagneri is endemic to the dry thorn forest of the Gran Chaco of Paraguay, Argentina and Bolivia. Since its discovery by scientists in the 1970s its population has declined due to overhunting, habitat destruction, and possibly disease. As of 1989 about 5000 individuals are estimated to survive in the Paraguayan Chaco. Small dispersed populations still exist in Argentina and Bolivia, but more information is needed on the status of this species in those two countries. In Paraguay, Chacoan peccaries have almost disappeared from the two national parks within their range and the only significant population exists in an area where there are no reserves. The survival of this species depends on enforcing regulations against hunting both within and outside the national parks, translocating animals to the parks, establishing a system of reserves on private land in critical areas, training of Paraguayan wildlife professionals, and environmental education.
17
Baron, Jill S., Lance Gunderson, Craig D. Allen, Erica Fleishman, Donald McKenzie, Laura A. Meyerson, Jill Oropeza, and Nate Stephenson. "Options for National Parks and Reserves for Adapting to Climate Change." Environmental Management 44, no. 6 (May 16, 2009): 1033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9296-6.
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Mitrici (Militaru), Roxana. "ROMANIA'S NATIONAL AND NATURAL PARKS AND THEIR ECOLOGICAL AND ECOTURISTIC IMPORTANCE." Current Trends in Natural Sciences 11, no. 21 (July 31, 2022): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i21.024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ecotourism is essential to protect and preserve the natural and cultural heritage, to develop local communities socially and economically and to increase the environmental education. To conserve the biological diversity, Romania has established many protected natural areas (over 7% of the country's area or about 18% if Natura 2000 sites considered). Romania has 32 protected natural areas of national interest: the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, 13 national parks and 18 natural parks. Besides these major protected areas, there are 941 scientific reserves, nature monuments and nature reserves nationwide, exceeding 300,000 hectares. Although Romania has a significant ecotourism heritage with great potential for valuation and an adequate legislative framework, ecotourism is still a fairly narrow segment of tourism market, facing many problems, such as: poor local cooperation, modest national and international promotion, limited supply, poor diversification, poor development of ecotourism infrastructure in protected areas, labor migration, low level of training of those employed in the field. Using a proper management and infrastructure, these protected areas could receive more visitors, which would increase tourism revenue and improve the current precarious situation of financing protected areas.
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Davenport, Tim R. B., Katarzyna Nowak, and Andrew Perkin. "Priority Primate Areas in Tanzania." Oryx 48, no. 1 (July 17, 2013): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605312001676.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractPriority Primate Areas are identified in Tanzania, mainland Africa's most important country for conservation of primates, on the basis of occupancy by globally rare, Red-Listed and range-restricted primate species and subspecies. We provide a comprehensive list and regional assessment of Tanzania's primate taxa, using IUCN Red List criteria, as well as the first national inventory of primates for 62 sites. The Priority Primate Areas, encompassing 102,513 km2, include nine national parks, one conservation area, seven game reserves, six nature reserves, 34 forest reserves and five areas with no official protection status. Primate species were evaluated and ranked on the basis of irreplaceability and vulnerability, using a combination of established and original criteria, resulting in a primate Taxon Conservation Score. Sites were ranked on the basis of summed primate scores. The majority (71%) of Priority Primate Areas are also Important Bird Areas (IBAs), or part of an IBA. Critical subsets of sites were derived through complementarity analyses. Adequate protection of just nine sites, including six national parks (Kilimanjaro, Kitulo, Mahale, Saadani, Udzungwa and Jozani-Chwaka Bay), one nature reserve (Kilombero) and two forest reserves (Minziro and Mgambo), totalling 8,679 km2, would protect all 27 of Tanzania's primate species. The addition of three forest reserves (Rondo, Kilulu Hill and Ngezi) and two game reserves (Grumeti and Biharamulo), results in a list of 14 Priority Primate Areas covering 10,561 km2 (1.1% of Tanzania's total land area), whose conservation would ensure the protection of all 43 of Tanzania's species and subspecies of primates.
20
Wells, Michael P. "The social role of protected areas in the new South Africa." Environmental Conservation 23, no. 4 (December 1996): 322–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900039187.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SummarySouth Africa contains an extensive, well-managed protected area network which generates considerable economic benefits from tourism, but the extensive land and financial resources required by the parks and reserves are difficult to reconcile with the acute social and economic development needs of poor rural people with very limited access to any kind of resources. Local communities have incurred substantial costs from the establishment of these parks while receiving few benefits in return. National and provincial governments, as well as the conservation authorities, have now recognized that the long-term future of parks and reserves depends on taking effective steps to redress the local imbalance of benefits and costs. Integrated conservation-development projects (ICDPs) are beginning to test a range of specific measures to increase local community participation in the benefits from protected areas. Parks have considerable resources and expertise which they can use to support local development through ICDPs, although it would be unrealistic to expect parks to solve widespread rural poverty amongst their neighbours. Instead, park authorities should take the lead in forming partnerships to mobilize the combined resources and expertise of other national and provincial government agencies, NGOs and the private sector, as well as the local communities themselves. Community participation in wildlife tourism may best be achievable through joint ventures with the private sector or park management authorities.
21
Wimbledon, William A. "The protection of fossils - comments on the Holzmaden model." Geological Curator 4, no. 5 (February 1986): 273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc792.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To most people concerned with conservation in Great Britain the idea of a geological monument is perhaps foreign. Such categories are a familiar feature overseas, and they were included in the original Nature Reserves Investigation Committee site list for England and Wales (1945). Since then/monuments* have played no part in British earth science conservation for they were displaced by early legislation (National Parks and Access to Countryside Act 1949), which established the existing dual system of Sites of Special Scientific Interest and National Nature Reserves.
22
Margelienė, Jolanta, and Aušra Budrienė. "The System of Lithuanian Protected Territories from Environment Conservation Point of View." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 6, 2015): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2013vol1.817.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article analyses the system of Lithuanian protected territories as well as their types form environment conservation point of view. The system of protected territories of LR includes the following types of areas: 6 state reserves, 1 biosphere reserve, 396 strict reserves, 5 national parks, 30 regional parks, 29 biosphere polygons and 3 recuperation plots. The system of protected territories, the order of establishment, management and the legal basics of protection of protected territories is determined by the law of protected areas of LR that was approved in 1993. The purpose of reserves is to preserve unique landscape complexes, their biota gene pool, to organize scientific research and observation, to promote natural and cultural values. The aims of the establishment of Lithuanian national and regional parks are not only to preserve naturally and culturally valuable landscape but also to support ethno cultural traditions of Lithuanian regions and to provide conditions for recreation. The purpose of strict reserves is to preserve the complexes of natural and cultural heritage or separate landscape elements, plant and animal species, to secure landscape diversity and ecological balance. Live and inanimate natural monuments are preserved naturally for scientific, cultural, educational and aesthetic needs. The purpose of biosphere polygons is to preserve bird species by assuring favorable conditions, to perform the monitoring of protected species, scientific research, etc. The aim of the recuperation plots is to restore natural resources. The system of Lithuanian legal acts allows applying such limitations that are necessary to preserve existing values in every protected territory.
23
Carr, W. M. B., and F. Batini. "Exploration and Mining in National Parks and Conservation Reserves in Western Australia." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1993, no. 1 (1993): 505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr93010505.
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Carr, William M. B., and Frank E. Batini. "EXPLORATION AND MINING IN NATIONAL PARKS AND CONSERVATiON RESERVES IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1993, no. 2 (1993): 504–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr93020505.
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25
Kassilly, Fredrick Nyongesa. "National Parks, Game Reserves, and Community Benefits from Conservation: The Kenyan Contradiction." Human Dimensions of Wildlife 13, no. 2 (March 12, 2008): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871200701883523.
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Theberge, John B. "Guidelines to drawing ecologically sound boundaries for national parks and nature reserves." Environmental Management 13, no. 6 (November 1989): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01868309.
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Awiti, Alex O. "Stewardship of national parks and reserves in the era of global change." Environmental Development 1, no. 1 (January 2012): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2011.12.008.
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Blackmore, Andrew. "Concurrent national and provincial legislative competence: Rethinking the relationship between nature reserves and national parks." Law, Democracy and Development 26 (April 15, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2077-4907/2021/ldd.v26.2.
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The teleology of concurrent national and provincial legislative competence in South Africa's Constitution has not been adequately investigated, particularly from the perspective of nature conservation and the establishment of protected areas. It is, therefore, questioned whether the concurrent nature conservation competence awarded to the national sphere of government should be equivalent to that awarded to the provinces, or if it precludes the national government from having a greater status than the provinces. It is further questioned whether the provisions of the National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act (NEMPAA) accurately reflect the constitutional weighting, if any, granted to these two spheres of government by this provision. It is concluded that the concurrent national and provincial legislative competence in respect of nature conservation is most likely to be, at least, equally balanced between the two spheres of government. Contrary to this finding, it is noted that the NEMPAA grants national parks a significantly higher conservation status than nature reserves by diminishing the status and scope the provinces had prior to the promulgation of the Act. It is further concluded that, in this instance, provisions of the NEMPAA are most likely to be unconstitutional. It is recommended that these two kinds of protected areas be consolidated into one category or critically evaluated to correct potentially incorrect categorisation. It is also recommended that the NEMPAA be substantially revised to correct a number of anomalies and illogical provisions.
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Ignatenko, E. V. "PROTECTION OF WILD BEES IN RESERVES AND NATIONAL PARKS IN THE SOUTH OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST." REGIONAL PROBLEM 25, no. 1 (2022): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31433/2618-9593-2022-25-1-44-48.
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In the article, the authors consider the issue of biological diversity protection in federal nature protection zones in the south of the Russian Far East. Nature reserves and national parks surrounded by cultivated land are refugiums for wild bees – unique pollinators of flowering plants. The authors have analyzed 17 Regulations on Institutions (reserves and national parks). It was revealed that in practice the requirement of federal legislation, regarding the preservation of the natural environment «in a natural state» in specially protected natural areas (SPNA) of federal significance and the ban on the introduction of animals, is violated. The provisions on natural reserves and national parks allow the location of beehives and apiaries with honey bees (Apis mellifera), which enters into competitive relations for fodder facilities with wild native species of bees, in their territories. However, the placement of apiaries of honey bees on protected areas is rated as unacceptable and harmful: the honey bee is a competitor for each type of pollinator, as only one bee family consists of tens of thousands insects providing their advantage over other pollinators. When placing apiaries at the perimeter of the protected area of 10–20 thousand hectares and less, its land is completely «covered» by the influence of honey bee families. To resolve this threatening situation, it is required a wide protection zone or zone with a ban on the placement of hives and apiaries (up to 3–5 km wide). For larger areas (from 50 thousand hectares or more), a single placement of apiaries at the perimeter of corresponding zones is permissible.
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Ghimire, Pramod. "Landscape Level Efforts to Biodiversity Conservation in Nepal: A Review of Current Approach and Lessons Learned." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 2, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.02032.
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Nepal’s location in the centre of the Himalayan range places the country in the transitional zone between the eastern and western Himalayas. Nepal’s rich biodiversity is a reflection of this unique geographical position as well as its altitudinal and climatic variations. It is recorded that Nepal has a total of 118 types of ecosystem, 75 vegetation and 35 types of forests. Nepal has put utmost efforts to conserve its rich biodiversity resources. The conservation history began formally after promulgation of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act in 1973. National parks and wildlife reserves were established across the country during the 1970s. However, very soon not only some of the adversities were faced by the local people living around the parks and reserves but also the space constraint was realized for the population distribution and dynamics. By realizing the need of people’s participation in the conservation initiatives, country has tested the concept of different types of protected areas system such as national park, wildlife reserve, conservation areas, and buffer zones over the years. Taking the advantage of new progresses in conservation biology, Nepal adopted landscape level approach to biodiversity conservation and implemented such approaches in some of the key areas since 2000s. This paper discusses Nepal’s effort in implementing landscape level approach to biodiversity conservation and the lessons learned at national context.
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Wigginton, M. J., R. D. Porley, and N. G. Hodgetts. "Bryophytes of Uganda. 1. BBS Tropical Bryology Group expeditions, 1996-1998. Introduction and collecting sites." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 16, no. 1 (December 1, 1999): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.16.1.14.
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The British Bryological Society Tropical Bryology Group (TBG) undertook three expeditions to Uganda, in Jan-Feb 1996, Jan-Feb 1997 and June-Jul 1998. Collections were made from 134 sites, mainly from national parks and forest reserves in western and southern Uganda
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Liu, Xiaoman, Chao Wang, Dong Jiang, Yong Wang, Jixi Gao, Chuanping Jin, Wandong Ma, and Jingfang Yuan. "Selection of National Park Candidate Areas Based on Spatial Overlap Characteristics of Protected Areas in China." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 2578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052578.
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The integration and optimization of protected areas is an important part of the construction of a protected areas system centered around national parks. How to best integrate and optimize protected areas is the most urgent problem in the reform. This paper analyzes the spatial overlap and continuity of protected areas in China on a national scale and proposes a collection of candidate areas for national parks. The results show that ➀ 52.9% of the protected areas overlap, with nature reserves, forest parks and scenic areas showing the most overlap, and the maximum number of overlaps is five. ➁ There are 1145 groups of contiguous protected areas that form continuous boundary areas, accounting for 58.9% of the total number of protected areas analyzed in this paper. Of these continuous zones, 48.55% consists of only two protected areas. There are 51 continuous areas with more than 10 protected areas, showing point continuous and/or patchy continuous boundary characteristics. ➂ According to the identified continuous areas, overlapping degree, protection levels and function, the candidate areas of national parks in China are proposed. Continuous areas with comprehensive ecosystem services, high-intensity protection levels, and high overlap intensity are selected as preliminary candidate areas for national parks. These are further refined based on their co-location with four types of key areas. A total of 41 areas are recommended as potential national parks. These continuous areas are highly consistent with the national “two screens, three belts” strategy, and nine of them are essentially consistent with the current national parks pilot. These results indicate that the recommended areas selected according to this research method are reasonable, and can provide a scientific basis for determining the spatial layout of China’s new protected areas system and the establishment of national parks.
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Schelhas, John. "The USA national parks in international perspective: have we learned the wrong lesson?" Environmental Conservation 28, no. 4 (December 2001): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892901000327.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A highly polarized debate has emerged in the conservation literature about whether national parks in lesser developed countries should follow a strict protectionist model or find ways to accommodate the development and livelihood needs of local people. A number of social science critiques of national park practice and policy in lesser developed countries have argued that one of the chief problems facing national parks in particular, and biodiversity conservation in general, has been the USA national park model, often termed the ‘Yellowstone model’. This model, in which local and indigenous people and uses have been excluded from parks, has been blamed for harming local people, providing benefits to developed country interests at the expense of local people, high costs of park protection, and ineffective biodiversity conservation (Machlis & Tichnell 1985; West & Brechin 1991; Pimbert & Pretty 1995). Alternatives (henceforth referred to as ‘parks and people’ approaches) seek accommodations between parks and local people, and include community-based conservation, which promotes local involvement and/or control in park decision-making, and integrated conservation and development projects, which attempt to ensure conservation by meeting social and economic needs of local people through agroforestry, forestry, tourism, water projects, extractive reserves, and wildlife utilization.
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Laffont, Enrique Rafael, Gladys Josefina Torales, Juan Manuel Coronel, Manuel Osvaldo Arbino, and María Celina Godoy. "Termite (Insecta, Isoptera) fauna from natural parks of the northeast region of Argentina." Scientia Agricola 61, no. 6 (December 2004): 665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162004000600016.
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The knowledge of insect biodiversity in natural areas of Argentina is limited, and termites are among the understudied taxa. In order to assess the diversity of Isoptera in some protected areas of the country, termite sampling within three National Parks of the Northeast region of Argentina was developed during 1995-1999. The results presented in this paper correspond to the Chaco National Park (Province of Chaco), Iguassu National Park (Province of Misiones) and Mburucuya National Park (Province of Corrientes). Among the four termite families recorded from Argentina, the family Termitidae was the best represented at the three sampled areas. The recorded genera (15) were: Rugitermes Holmgren and Tauritermes Krishna (Kalotermitidae), Heterotermes Frogatt (Rhinotermitidae), Cornitermes Wasmann, Cortaritermes Mathews, Diversitermes Holmgren, Nasutitermes Dudley, Velocitermes Holmgren (Nasutitermitinae), Amitermes Silvestri, Microcerotermes Silvestri, Neocapritermes Holmgren, Termes Linné (Termitinae), Anoplotermes Müller, Aparatermes Fontes and Ruptitermes Mathews (Apicotermitinae) (Termitidae). None of the collected termite species was common to the three National Parks, and only four of them were detected at two of the reserves. Due to the particular assemblage of termites found at each park, these three natural protected areas could be considered important reserves for the conservation of the termite fauna from the Northeast region of Argentina.
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Seeland, Klaus. "The National Park Management Regime in Bhutan: Historical Background and Current Problems." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 2, no. 2 (1998): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853598x00145.
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AbstractThis paper gives an account of the recent history and the international and national policy background with respect to the planning and administration of Bhutan's nine national parks, nature reserves and sanctuaries, and sheds light on their current problems. Although more than 25 per cent of Bhutanese territory has been declared protected area over the last three decades, little data is available on the local population's perception of the aims, present status and the benefits of national parks, and their future role in the regional political setting and national resource use policy. Local communities are exposed to the legal limitations of resource use. A national park regime faces the problems of integrating issues of local management with the international community's demands on biodiversity preservation and conservation, and with the objectives of a national resource use concept.
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Blower, John. "Conservation priorities in Burma." Oryx 19, no. 2 (April 1985): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300019773.
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In 1981 the Government of Burma, conscious that it should be doing more to conserve its natural resources, invited the Food and Agriculture Organisation and the Development Programme of the United Nations to assist in a project to identify areas suitable for national parks and reserves. The Minister of Agriculture and Forests has already decided to establish one of the proposed parks, Alaungdaw Kathapa, and it is hoped that the rest will follow. The author was in charge of the project for its three-year duration.
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Carr, W. M. B., and A. J. Smurthwaite. "Access for Exploration and Mining in Western Australian National Parks and Conservation Reserves." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1995, no. 1 (1995): 625–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr95010625.
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Beavis, Sara. "Biophysical Impacts of Recreational Horse Riding in Multi-use National Parks and Reserves." Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 12, no. 2 (January 2005): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2005.10648640.
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Norris, Frank. "Fort Rodd Hill and Fisgard Lighthouse National Historic Sites (Parks Canada), Victoria, B.C." Public Historian 26, no. 4 (October 2004): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3378847.
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Pigott, J. Patrick, Grant P. Palmer, Alan L. Yen, Arn D. Tolsma, Geoff W. Brown, Matt S. Gibson, and John R. Wright. "Establishment of the Box-Ironbark Ecological Thinning Trial in north central Victoria." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 122, no. 2 (2010): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs10020.
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An ecological thinning trial was established in 2003 in north-central Victoria as part of the development of an ecological management strategy to support the newly created Box-Ironbark Parks and Reserves System. The objective of the trial was to restore diversity of habitat structure to declining Box-Ironbark forests and woodlands. Three ecological thinning techniques were designed around several principles: reducing total basal-area of trees and retaining levels of patchiness whilst retaining large trees. Thinning treatments were implemented in 30 ha plots at four conservation reserves south of Bendigo, Victoria. A range of ecosystem components were monitored before and after thinning. A woody-debris removal treatment was also set-up at a 1 ha scale within thinning treatments. Prior to thinning, plots were dominated by high numbers of coppice regenerated trees with few of the trees sampled considered large, resulting in low numbers of tree hollows and low loadings of coarse woody debris. It is anticipated that the establishment of the ecological thinning trial (Phase I), is the beginning of long-term monitoring, as effects of thinning on key habitat values may not be apparent for up to 50 years or more. The vision for restoration of Box-Ironbark forests and woodlands is one of a mosaic landscape with a greater diversity of habitat types including open areas and greater numbers of larger, hollow-bearing trees. This paper summarises the experimental design and the techniques adopted in Phase I of this project during 2003-2008.
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Zhou, Wenjia, Jun Cai, and Kai Chen. "Connecting Recreational Service to Visitor’s Well-Being: A Case Study in Qianjiangyuan National Park." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 9, 2022): 11366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811366.
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Natural ecosystems provide service value to people in the region; especially in some nature reserves and national parks, the ecosystem recreational service function is more significant. It is worth paying attention to whether the recreational service function of this ecosystem can serve tourists outside the region and improve their well-being. Taking Qianjiangyuan National Park in China as the research site, based on the Spatially Explicit Ecosystem Services Comprehensive Assessment Model (ESTIMAP), we used the ecosystem services mapping tool to propose a comprehensive assessment framework for ecosystem recreational services and to explore the relationship between recreational services and the well-being of tourists. As a result, we identified the spatial distribution of the supply and demand flow paths of ecosystem recreational services and estimated that the actual flow of ecosystem recreational services was about 12.1 persons/km2 per year. In terms of personal well-being, ecosystem recreational services have a significant positive impact on tourists’ well-being. The service value is concentrated in amusement places and recreational activities, and dynamic recreational activities have a greater impact on tourists. The research results suggest that to improve the well-being of tourists and the value of ecosystem recreational services, national parks and nature reserves should improve accessibility and the participation of tourists in recreational activities.
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Beckmann, Elizabeth A. "Interpretation During a School Visit to a Nature Reserve." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 4 (September 1988): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600001208.
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AbstractMany teachers take students on visit to Nature Reserves or National Parks. The park management agency generally provides written information/worksheets and an accompanying ranger to provide interpretation. Rarely are these visits subjected to formal evaluation in terms of achievement of environmental education objectives related to park conservation and management values. A pilot study of a school visit of Year 9 students to Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve (ACT) found that most students had a good background in terms of previous exposure to National Parks and environmental media, and the excursion provided both an enjoyable and an educational experience. However, there seemed to be a need for basic conservation and management values and ideas to be continually emphasised to ensure their full appreciation and understanding by students.
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Streimann, Heinar. "Conservation Status of Bryophytes in Eastern Australia." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 9, no. 1 (December 31, 1994): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.9.1.15.
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No bryophyte conservation programs are in place in Australia as the knowledge of bryophytes is poor, especially of their habitat preferences and distribution. The conservation of species against habitats is discussed and it is maintained on present evidence that areas conserved for vascular plants and/or animal habitats, as national parks and forest reserves, in most cases would adequately conserve bryophytes.
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Успенский, A. Uspenskiy, Малышева, N. Malysheva, Власов, E. Vlasov, Горохов, and V. Gorokhov. "Methodical recommendations about organization of mammals helminth fauna study in protected areas." Russian Journal of Parasitology 3, no. 3 (September 25, 2016): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21665.
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In this article is shortly described methods of study of helminth fauna of mammals in protected areas. Methods and results that kind of study are depicted by the example of researches which were carried out in the Central-Chernozem state nature reserve in Kursk oblast. These methodical recommendations intended for researchers of reserves, national parks, parasitologists, mammalogists and broad zoologists.
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Shishkin, N. D., R. A. Ilyin, and D. I. Atdaev. "The Use of Environmentally Friendly Vertical-Axis Wind Power Plants for Nature Reserves and National Parks in Southern Russia." Ecology and Industry of Russia 23, no. 11 (November 13, 2019): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2019-11-43-49.
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The efficiency of using original highly efficient vertical-axis wind turbines (VA wind turbines) based on N-Darya-Savonius combined rotors (KR) is substantiated for the national parks of southern Russia. Based on experimental studies, the power factor of the original combined rotor with blades having zigzag flaps was first obtained. The maximum values of the power factor of the CR reaches CP = 0.6 exceeding theoretically possible values for horizontal-axis wind power plants CP = 0.59. When working in a wind turbine, there are no emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, oxygen consumption, thermal pollution, generation of infrasound and noise. VA wind turbines with a power of 1–10 kW, it is advisable to apply for the generation of electric and thermal energy in reserves and national parks.
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Fedoniuk, Vitalina V., Vasyl V. Ivantsіv, Mykola А. Fedoniuk та Serhiy H. Pankevych. "ПРИКЛАДИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІНТЕРНЕТ-РЕСУРСІВ У ПРАКТИЧНОМУ КУРСІ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «ЗАПОВІДНА СПРАВА»". Information Technologies and Learning Tools 46, № 2 (12 березня 2015): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.33407/itlt.v46i2.1192.
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The main categories of web-resources for natural reserves studying are analyzed (sites of state institutions, of public and international nature protection organizations and conventions, electronic libraries and thematic databases etc). The basic operation and features of work with interactive pages of the Red Book of Ukraine and the IUCN Red List are described. Expediency of use of various cartographical online resources for training of natural reserves education is estimated. The topics and examples of specific wording and practical individual classes, based on the use of specialized web-resources, are outlined. Examples of statement of a creative task in the analysis of webpages of national parks of Ukraine are given.
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de Marques, Ana Alice Biedzicki, and Carlos A. Peres. "Pervasive legal threats to protected areas in Brazil." Oryx 49, no. 1 (October 28, 2014): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605314000726.
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AbstractBrazil safeguards a vast network of parks and reserves, termed conservation units. The creation of conservation units follows a rigorous legal protocol that grants them long-term stability under varying degrees of formal protection against land-use change. Degazettement, downsizing or downgrading any conservation unit requires a law to be passed. Recent shifts in Brazilian conservation policy have, however, favoured infrastructure projects and agricultural land conversion, even when these initiatives are in direct conflict with established conservation units. Several bills have been proposed by the National Congress, threatening 27 conservation units and bringing the long-term political stability and legal immunity of hitherto sacrosanct reserves into serious question.
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Guo, Ziliang, Weiwei Liu, Manyin Zhang, Yuguang Zhang, and Xiaoyu Li. "Transforming the wetland conservation system in China." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 11 (2020): 1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19383.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wetland conservation has gradually improved worldwide. In situ conservation is effective in protecting valuable wetlands. Here, we review the expansion, reformation and problems associated with wetland conservation in China. The wetland conservation system in China comprises a wetland protected area network (nature reserves, wetland parks, urban wetland parks, aquatic germplasm reserves and special marine reserves) and a wetland grading system. Following rapid expansion, national wetland protected areas cover 4.78% of the country. At the same time, a wetland grading system that categorises the importance of wetlands has expanded to 13 provinces. However, reforming wetlands, including improving the role of wetlands, adjusting departmental responsibility, reforming conservation systems and implementing comprehensive wetland conservation regimes, is somewhat arduous and complicated at present. Although these changes have contributed to wetland conservation in China, the wetland conservation system still faces considerable problems because of a lack of uniform and efficient regulations. Management functions and spatial scope overlap in different systems, and there is a disconnect between resource management and law enforcement. A unified legal system and wetland identity cards should be established, with stronger law enforcement. Synergy between wetland conservation systems should improve, innovative wetland conservation mechanisms should be used and better coordination among different protection systems is needed.
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Mohammed, Umar Aminu. "Ecotourism in Nigeria, challenges and prospects: a review." Gadau Journal of Pure and Allied Sciences 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54117/gjpas.v1i1.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ecotourism is a portmanteau word made from ecology and tourism. It fully means ecological tourism commonly referred to as ecotourism, which is a field of study is considered as a sub-component of sustainable tourism. Ecotourism’s potential is an effective tool for sustainable development which is why developing and third world countries are now embracing it and making it a tool in their conservation strategies and economic development. Nigeria is blessed with a lot of wildlife which technically includes; vegetation, insects, spiders, birds, reptiles, fish, amphians and mammals. These found all over the country in national parks and game reserves, The major ones are Chad Basin, Cross River, Gashaka Gumti, Kainji, Kamuku, Okomu, Old Oyo and Yankari. Lack of will and dishonesty are among the major hindrance affecting ecotourism development in Nigeria. In addition to that, local communities also heavily deplete the flora through logging off of trees for fuel and timber which ultimately affect the ecosystem dynamism Nigeria has the potential to be a major player in ecotourism and wildlife conservation due to the abundance natural environment capable of sustaining wildlife. This can be achieved by creating proper awareness especially among the communities close to game reserves and national parks on the importance of every organism in the micro and macro ecosystems.
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Kamil, Indriyati, Oekan S. Abdoellah, Herlina Agustin, and Iriana Bakti. "The Existence of Geothermal Energy in Communication Perspective and Sustainable Environment in Indonesia." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Review Vol.4 (3) July-September. 2019 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjetr.2019.4.3(1).
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This article highlights the dynamics of geothermal energy in the Kamojang nature reserve in Indonesia. A nature reserve is a conservation area that must be protected and preserved, because it has unique flora and fauna, and rare ecosystems whose existence is threatened with extinction. After going through a long study process by an integrated team, the government finally made a policy to change the function of the nature reserve into a Nature Tourism Park. Changes in policy changes to the function of nature reserves cause pros and cons in the community, and cause conflicts between government and environmental activists. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that cause changes in the function of nature reserves into natural tourism parks in the Kamojang conservation area of Indonesia, as well as to identify appropriate communication models in the management of geothermal energy through communication and environmentally sustainable approaches. Research findings show that the factors that cause changes in the function of nature reserves into tourist parks include; the interests of geothermal energy to meet national energy needs and electricity infrastructure, accommodate the needs of surrounding communities that utilize water resources in conservation areas, and restore ecosystems. The communication model for geothermal energy management that we propose at the same time is also a novelty namely; ecopopulism approach, negotiation approach, collaboration, and equating meaning and orientation to environmental sustainability. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Geothermal Energy, Nature Reserves, Conservation Policies, Communication Models and Sustainable Development.