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Статті в журналах з теми "National Office for Decent Literature"
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Seno, Ramadhani Haryo. "Kunci Kesuksesan Reformasi Birokrasi Singapura: Pembelajaran untuk Para Pembuat Kebijakan." Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah 20, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36762/jurnaljateng.v20i2.960.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Focus this research is to describe the process of public sector reform in a country, by finding the sectrets success in carrying out transformation and reform in Singapura. Descriptive qualitative analysis by study literature and examining secondary data as a data collection method use in this research. The results show that there are four secrets success of public sector reform in Singapore: (1) zero tolerance for corruption; (2) meritocracy in appointing and promoting someone in public sector or political office and making meritocracy the national identity and ideology. (3) Providing decent and competitive salaries to attract "the best and the brightest" citizens to join the government to become civil services. (4) the rule of law to solve social and political problems in the country's.
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Ramadhonni, Muhammad Rizky. "Kedudukan Akta Keterangan Hak Mewaris dibuat oleh Notaris bagi Warga Negara Indonesia Keturunan Tionghoa sebagai Tanda Bukti Ahli Waris." Lambung Mangkurat Law Journal 2, no. 2 (September 28, 2017): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.32801/lamlaj.v2i2.42.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Indonesian positive law there is no rule which specifically and expresslyregulates the authority of the Notary Public to make a statement on the rightto inherit. The Notaries Public make it simply based on costume practiced by theprevious ones. It is not expressly stipulated in Article 15 of Act Number 2 of 2014concerning the Amendment to Act Number 30 of 2004 concerning the Office of NotaryPublic, whereas these Acts are the main rules regulating the Office of NotaryPublic. This condition has significant effect to the evidencing force of the deed onthe statement on the right to inherit made by the Notary Public. This research is normativelegal research and this research is based on library study or secondary data.This research is conducted by analyzing certain problem by studying legislation,literature, and other references related with the authorities of the Notary Public inmaking a statement on the right to inherit and the evidencing force of the deed on thestatement on the right to inherit for the Indonesian citizens of Chinese decent. Fromthe results of the research it can be concluded that the ground for the authority of theNotary Public to make a statement on the right to inherit is Article 111 paragraph(1) letter c of the Regulation of the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs/Head of the National Land Agency Number 3 of 1997 concerning Implementation ofGovernment Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Implementation, whereasRegulation of State Minister does not include in the hierarchy of legislation in Indonesia.Thus, the making of the deed on statement concerning the right to inheritby the Notary Public is not based on the positive law prevailing in Indonesia. Thesaid deed does not fulfill the physical term of an authentic deed because there is nopositive law regulating expressly and clearly on the authority of the Notary Publicto make a statement on the right to inherit. the evidencing force of the deed on thestatement on the right to inherit made by the Notary Public depends on the truth ofthe content of the said deed
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Cooke, Simon. "A ‘world of method and intrigue’: Muriel Spark's Literary Intelligence." Modernist Cultures 16, no. 4 (November 2021): 488–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/mod.2021.0349.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1944, Muriel Spark was recruited by the Foreign Office to work as a Duty Secretary in the Political Warfare Executive at Milton Bryan. ‘I played a very small part,’ Spark wrote in her autobiography, ‘but as a fly on the wall I took in a whole world of method and intrigue in the dark field of Black Propaganda or Psychological Warfare, and the successful and purposeful deceit of the enemy.’ Drawing on research in Spark's personal and literary archives at the McFarlin Library, Tulsa, and the National Library of Scotland, this essay explores the ways in which this ‘world of method and intrigue’ is taken in and reformulated in Spark's writing. Political espionage takes centre-stage in several of Spark's fictions, and a preoccupation with secrecy and spying runs through her work. But the methods of black propaganda can also be read as a secret sharer of some of Spark's most characteristic aesthetic strategies. Focusing in particular on Spark's most direct treatment of her secret war work – The Hothouse by the East River – critical tension centres on reading Spark's literary intelligence less as a re-enactment than as a subversion of the logics of disinformation.
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O'Connor, Thomas F. "The National Organization for Decent Literature: A Phase in American Catholic Censorship." Library Quarterly 65, no. 4 (October 1995): 386–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/602821.
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Rudokas, Kastytis, Huriye Armagan Dogan, Odeta Viliūnienė, Jurga Vitkuvienė, and Indrė Gražulevičiūtė-Vileniškė. "Office-Nature Integration Trends and Forest-Office Concept FO-AM." Architecture and Urban Planning 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aup-2020-0007.
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Abstract For sustainable development, it is important to ensure healthy life and well-being for all ages, promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, productive employment and decent work, take urgent action to combat climate change and its effects and protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems. Taking into account the negative effects of climate change, the degrading effects of contemporary conventional industrial scale agricultural practices, the declining everyday physical activity of the working age people in developed countries, and other problems related to indoor work, this research proposes the office concept entitled FO-AM (Forest-Office Administrative (function) Movement) that allows to gradually move from sitting to walking while working in purposefully created or adapted forest areas. Numerous studies have been conducted on the positive effects of the natural environment on human health and productivity. A study published by Australian researchers revealed that sitting time is directly linked to all-cause mortality. While research results call for effective innovations for reducing the amount of time spent sitting and encouraging people, especially urban residents, to connect with nature, no effective holistic solutions have been found yet. The article presents a literature review on the contemporary office-nature space integration trends and the existing technical and design solutions and contemporary re-naturalization practices of ex-urban areas and presents the conceptual idea of landscape technology FO-AM allowing to transfer the functions of administrative buildings to the semi-natural and natural environment, including partially anthropogenic environment, park, forest park and natural forest, and in this way to address public health and well-being, economic innovation and climate change issues, thus contributing to the long-term sustainability goals.
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Coughlan, L., H. Moolman, and R. Haarhoff. "External job satisfaction factors improving the overall job satisfaction of selected five-star hotel employees." South African Journal of Business Management 45, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v45i2.127.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the 2011 South African National Tourism Sector Strategy objectives is to "provide excellent people development and decent work within the tourism sector". The hospitality industry is, however, not regarded as a provider of decent work and a close link exists between decent work and job satisfaction. External job satisfaction can be defined as satisfaction relating to the work environment of employees. The purpose of this study was to identify the external job satisfaction factors which contribute to overall job satisfaction of employees in selected five-star hotels. The instrument used to gather the quantitative data was a newly developed index based on the literature review conducted. The empirical study was conducted among 124 employees of four five-star hotels in the Western Cape. All three factors identified (supervision, work environment and work itself) were found to be significantly and positively correlated with overall job satisfaction in five-star hotels in the Western Cape.
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Aman, Eliyas Ebrahim, and Árpád Ferenc Papp-Váry. "Tourism marketing and national parks : A systematic literature review." E-conom 12, no. 1 (2023): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17836/ec.2023.1.024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The primary focus of this paper is on national parks and tourism marketing, where tourism marketing plays a crucial role in reducing poverty and ensuring the quality of life, employment, and decent work for the nation, as well as the preservation of the natural and cultural environment. The interaction between tourism marketing and national parks is the most intimate context in which tourism marketing is increasingly regarded as a powerful tool for socioeconomic development. The purpose of this review is to investigate the environmental, sociocultural, and economic contributions of tourism marketing in and around a national park to strengthen progress on sustainable tourism development by reviewing 55 relevant journal articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science. The principal search terms were used to discover the pertinent journal articles. It was discovered that no article with the title “Tourism Marketing and National Parks” existed. Instead, sustainable destinations and ecotourism have been emphasized. The reviews implied that tourism marketers do not engage in the sustainability of national park tourism for future usage and do not care about the environmental conservation of destinations. It's crucial to take into account the features of national parks and their potential value as attractive destinations for tourism development when implementing an effective tourism marketing strategy for national parks and encouraging the sustainable use of the natural environment and resources.
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Mujadi, Miftachul, and M. Syahrul Borman. "Pelanggaran Kode Etik Anggota Polri dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi." Legitimasi: Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Politik Hukum 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/legitimasi.v12i1.18100.
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This article aims to find out the reasons behind members of the Indonesian National Police in abusing office power by committing acts of corruption and the process of applying sanctions to the code of ethics against members of the Indonesian National Police who commit acts of corruption. This journal uses normative research methods, namely by conducting literature studies through literature and legal norms. The results of this study indicate that the professional code of ethics within the Indonesian National Police cannot be implemented optimally. That until now there are still many violations committed by members of the Indonesian National Police, including acts of corruption which constitute an abuse of office power and violate the professional code of ethics within the Indonesian National Police.
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Admi, Salima. "SPL05 IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY STANDARDS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH." Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.0016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The International Labour Organization (ILO) defines decent work as the opportunity to carry out productive and adequately remunerated work in conditions of dignity, equality and safety in the workplace, and the right to decent work is recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. To boost global efforts to ensure decent work with a safe and healthy working environment, the ILO has established a system of International Labor Standards (ILS) designed to strengthen opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work, in conditions of equity, security and dignity. Indeed, ILS are either conventions (or protocols), which are binding international treaties, open to ratification by Member States, or recommendations, which are non-binding guidelines. Among the international conventions, ten have been designated as fundamental for human rights, namely the conventions relating to freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining, the elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labor, effective abolition of child labor and elimination of discrimination in employment and occupation, as well as OSH (right to a safe and healthy working environment recognized as one of the fundamental principles and rights at work at the 110th session of the International Labor Conference). The ILO has adopted several conventions and recommendations on OSH which can be classified into three categories: conventions which address the fundamental principles of health and safety at work, conventions which deal with health and safety at work in certain branches of activity and conventions on certain specific risks. Implementing the provisions of these standards at the national level requires a commitment from the government to integrate them into national legislative and regulatory texts; and this in accordance with the directives of the ILO constitution, in particular article 19. In the same sense, the government also undertakes to present to the International Labor Office an annual report on the conventions ratified in accordance with the directives of the ILO constitution, in particular article 22. Furthermore, the said standards constitute a suitable reference framework to support nations in developing and improving their national OSH legislation and policies by providing guidance on the systemic approach to OSH management at all levels, from guidelines for the progressive establishment of a preventive culture based on a continuous provision of information, training and education in matters of OHS and by establishing directives and provisions in matters of OHS to be respected by the administration, employers and workers. Thus, the relevant ILO conventions on OSH, notably the Convention (No. 187) on the promotional framework for safety and health at work, and the Convention (No. 155) on OSH, defined national policies and specified their objectives, stakeholders as well as the tools for their implementation such as the national system and the national OSH program. In conclusion, OSH-ILS provide guidelines and guidance to governments for the development and implementation of public OSH policies, but also constitute a binding framework that can stimulate efforts at the national level and encourage constituents to have public OHS policies.
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Kumar, Mr Rajesh, and Dr Bhupendra Kumar. "STUDY OF PERFORMANCE OF INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS (IPOS ) AT NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE IN INDIA." International Journal of Social Sciences & Economic Environment 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.53882/ijssee.2017.0202001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the implementation of liberalization and globalization policies, the Indian capital market had experienced a paradigm shift in its overall practices and initiatives. There were significant reforms both in the primary and secondary market. Presently, as per the SEBI guideline a corporate entity wants to raise capital from the primary market must go either through initial public offering (IPO), follow-on-public offer (FPO), rights issue, private placement or through euro issue. The Indian capital market has emerged as one of the prominent demand driver for more participation of foreign institutional investors (FIIs) and domestic financial institutions (DFIs). Earlier the middle class investors have little option to put their hard earned money in productive investment avenues. They usually preferred the fixed deposit offered by banks or post office. The traditional investment instruments were hugely popular because they were safe, gave decent returns and were easy to invest in. But today, investors find that traditional instruments are more about wealth preservation than wealth creation, when they are better served by investment alternatives like mutual funds and IPOs. Key Words: capital market, primary and secondary market, initial public offering (IPO), foreign institutional investors (FIIs), traditional instruments
Дисертації з теми "National Office for Decent Literature"
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Thomas, Katie-Louise. "A national correspondence : Post Office reform and fictions of communication in nineteenth-century British culture." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249927.
Повний текст джерелаКниги з теми "National Office for Decent Literature"
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Widarti, Diah. Monitoring and assessing progress on decent work in Indonesia: National background study. Jakarta: International Labour Office, 2010.
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Hamilton, John. Operation Noble Eagle. Edina, Minn: Abdo Pub., 2002.
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House, Katherine L. White House for Kids: A History of a Home, Office, and National Symbol, with 21 Activities. Chicago Review Press, Incorporated, 2014.
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House, Katherine L. White House for Kids: A History of a Home, Office, and National Symbol, with 21 Activities. Chicago Review Press, Incorporated, 2014.
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House, Katherine L. White House for Kids: A History of a Home, Office, and National Symbol, with 21 Activities. Chicago Review Press, Incorporated, 2014.
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House, Katherine L. White House for Kids: A History of a Home, Office, and National Symbol, with 21 Activities. Chicago Review Press, Incorporated, 2014.
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Chesapeake Bay activity book. [Washington, D.C.]: NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Sciences, 2002.
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Operation Nobel Eagle: The War on Terrorism. ABDO & Daughters, 2002.
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Dressler, John. Granville Bantock (1868-1946). Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781942954798.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This volume is the first published study to bring together a variety of materials which represent the life and works of Sir Granville Bantock (1868-1946), British composer, arranger, editor, music department administrator, competitive singing promoter and adjudicator, world traveler, lover of life, literature and philosophy, radio talk presenter, champion of works of other rising British composers over his own, husband and father. His works alone total over 600, yet many remain in manuscript housed for access at the Cadbury Special Collections Library on the campus of the University of Birmingham. The reader will find citations of reviews of his music, reviews of performances during his lifetime and beyond as well as reviews of recordings both then in now in contemporary and modern newspapers and journals. Commercial and archival recordings are noted and locations given. Manuscripts that remain extant are identified and located. Up to and including 10 representative national and international live performances are noted for each work with names and venues provided. Within the Works section of the book are subcategories by medium for which they were composed for easy identification with minimal information the reader has at hand prior to opening the volume. The sketchbooks are also detailed with what materials are contained in each. Within the Bibliography section are citations of obituaries, writings by GB, dissertations, and pertinent files at: the BBC, Worcestershire Archive, Liverpool Record Office and Trinity Laban Conservatoire to name a few.
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Stankovic, Dusan. Youth, Guns and Safety: Analysis of the Response to the Multiple Murders of 3 and 4 May. Belgrade Centre for Security Policy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55042/dtsn3219.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
After the multiple murders that took place on 3 and 4 May 2023, the Government of Serbia adopted a series of measures to improve gun control and increase safety in schools and among youth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of these measures. The research was based on different sources of data: the state authorities’ official reports, expert literature, media reports, interviews conducted with police officers, the Armed Violence Monitoring Platform (AVMP) database, and a survey of the citizens’ satisfaction with measures, their perception of security and trust in institutions. Most of the measures that have been adopted are related to firearms, while a smaller part refers to the safety of young people and education. Also, measures related to firearms have been implemented more than others, and some are still in effect (gun control, moratorium on the issuance of gun permits). The public call for handing over arms produced results in terms of a large number of collected weapons (significantly larger than before), but there is a question of why previous such actions were not accompanied by appropriate media campaigns, which would have produced similar results. Another question is why there are no current campaigns that would educate citizens about the dangers of firearms, their misuse and the way they are to be kept and handled, as these things are very important for the prevention of armed violence. Also, the collection of firearms showed problems regarding their transport, accommodation and disposal after handing over. Measures for the safety of young people were mostly of declarative (tougher penal policy) and formal nature (establishment of councils and working groups). The only measure that was immediately implemented and visible to citizens was the placement of police officers in schools. It is possible that some students, school staff or parents did feel safer because of this, but there is no evidence that the presence of police managed to reduce violence. This measure, as well as the measures related to gun control, significantly increased the scope of work of the general jurisdiction police, creating a situation in which other forms of crime may flourish. Most of the measures were not implemented even though more than six months have passed since their adoption. Some of them, like tougher penalties for firearms-related offences or lowering the threshold for criminal liability, require legislative changes. In addition, the research and experience of other countries do not support the idea that tougher penal policies would decrease criminality. The conclusions show that the measures were motivated by political interests to satisfy the public and that they were not adopted by professionals from the fields of public security, justice or education, which is why some have turned out to be impossible to implement (restricting access to the Dark Net, reducing the threshold for criminal responsibility, gun control in the short term) or are unsustainable for the system (police presence in schools, testing students for the presence of psychoactive substances). Analysis of data from the regional Armed Violence Monitoring Platform, which records media-covered incidents involving firearms, indicates that the number of such incidents did not change much after 3 and 4 May. Also, other data sources show that levels of violence and incidents involving firearms are not decreasing and that implemented measures have not changed anything in this sense. The results of the public opinion survey show that the number of citizens who are not satisfied with the measures is slightly higher than the number of those who are. Satisfaction with safety measures in schools (47% of the respondents) is a bit higher than satisfaction with measures related to gun control (54% of the respondents). Six months after the adoption of these measures, the satisfaction of citizens is visibly decreasing - 44% of them are satisfied with the measures, while 56% are not. Comparing the results of public opinion polls in 2023 with those from 2022, it is evident that citizens’ trust in institutions has dropped significantly: 63% trust the police (76% in 2022), 49% trust the courts (57%), and 50% trust the prosecutor’s office (56%). Also, the perception of citizens’ safety considering the environment has decreased at all levels: in their homes, neighbourhoods and in Serbia in general. Finally, the survey also showed that more citizens now feel threatened by phenomena such as murder (56%) and illegal possession of firearms (61%) than was the case in 2022 (murder 49%, illegal possession of firearms 54%). It should be noted here that we are talking about two different public opinion surveys here, and their comparison should be viewed with some reservation. Although both were conducted using a national, representative sample, the 2023 survey was conducted online and was not conducted on a random sample, while the 2022 survey was conducted face-to-face on a random sample.
Частини книг з теми "National Office for Decent Literature"
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Hölzel, Marco, Mina Akhavan, and Divya Leducq. "Concluding Remarks: European Narratives About the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Coworking." In SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology, 143–53. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26018-6_15.
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AbstractThis book is a collection of narrations about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic from different countries collected within the Workgroup 2ATLAS of the COST action CA18214 ‘The Geography of New Working Spaces and the Impact on the Periphery’. This conclusive chapter comprehends the previous chapters and offers a comparative view regarding the effects on Coworking Spaces (CS), Governmental Measurements to curb the Pandemic, Effects on Work, Remote/Telework Work, Working-From-Home (WFH), Effects on Commuting, Transportation Mods and Services, Effects on the Housing, Place of Residence, Office and Real Estate Market, Effects on Tourism, Effects on Urban Planning. The final section of this chapter draws attention to the direct and indirect effects of coworking spaces. Direct effects on individuals and indirect effects as living-, work- and build-environment, taking into account space and economy, environment (energy) and urban planning. This book contributes to a fast-growing amount of literature on new working spaces, especially coworking spaces. Further empirical studies should be conducted to create evidence as a solid foundation for policies at the EU, national and subnational levels.
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Rubin, Beth A., and April J. Spivack. "Thinking Outside the Office." In Virtual Work and Human Interaction Research, 59–77. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0963-1.ch004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter draws on labor process theory and builds on a previous paper by Spivack and Rubin (2011) that explored workplace factors that might diminish the autonomy of creative knowledge workers. Using data from the National Study of the Changing Workforce, this chapter tests hypotheses linking creative workers’ ability to work virtually, control their task and temporal autonomy to their well-being, job satisfaction, and commitment. The authors find that creative workers that have spatial autonomy have more positive work attitudes and better mental health. Further, they show that along with task and temporal autonomy, the conditions of the new workplace make spatial autonomy an important consideration. These findings contribute both to literature about the changing workplace and to practitioners concerned with maximizing the well-being of creative knowledge workers.
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Cove, Patricia. "Spying in the British Post Office: Letter-Opening, Italy and Wilkie Collins’s The Woman in White." In Italian Politics and Nineteenth-Century British Literature and Culture, 95–124. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474447249.003.0004.
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This chapter discusses Wilkie Collins’s sensation novel The Woman in White (1859–60) in relation to the 1844 Post Office Espionage Scandal, which revealed British government spying against Italian patriot Giuseppe Mazzini. Representations of the Post Office Scandal in Parliament and print predict the revision of the Gothic into sensation fiction, helping to create the imaginative space through which the sensation genre could begin to interrogate Gothic national stereotypes and relocate the Gothic plot within modern Britain’s private homes and institutions. The letter-opening scandal and The Woman in White share a central place in a mid-Victorian moment of evolution in the mutually constitutive relationship between Italian and British national identities, generating and reflecting a crisis in Britishness focused on the secret tyrannies concealed beneath the surface of Victorian liberalism that emerged from the collision of British and Italian politics and print culture.
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Dulmus, Catherine N., and Nancy J. Smyth. "Early-Onset Schizophrenia: A Literature Review of Empirically Based Interventions." In Social Work Diagnosis In Contemporary Practice, 288–96. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195168785.003.0028.
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Abstract Twelve percent of American children suffer from mental disorders (National Institute of Mental Health, 1990), with diagnoses ranging from mild anxiety to psychosis. The Office of Technology Assessment (1986) reports that at most, only onethird of those children will receive the services they need. A lack of diagnosis, treatment, and services can have devastating results for the individual child, the family, and society as a whole as the mentally ill child grows up to become a mentally ill adult (Dulmus & Wodarski, 1996).
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Strub, Whitney. "Modernizing Decency." In Devotions and Desires. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469636269.003.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Charles Keating, an ambitious young Cincinnati lawyer, founded Citizens for Decent Literature (CDL) in 1955. Though the social origins of CDL were rooted in Cincinnati’s conservative Catholic politics, Keating was able to recast antipornography politics for a national audience. CDL despised the influx of pornography washing over American society in the 1960s. This emphatic proclamation bespoke a comfort with modernity jarringly at odds with midcentury public perceptions of antismut activists—a very productive modernism that CDL harnessed to great effect over the course of the late 1950s and 1960s. Even as CDL pioneered new discursive formations, which often emanated directly out of obsolete earlier movements, it adopted the tropes and trappings of evolving social mores to reposition activism against obscenity and pornography not as retrograde but rather as an integral part of red-blooded, decent American citizenship. While the group faded from view during the 1970s, CDL set an important precedent for conservative groups in forwarding a sexually conservative, religiously motivated politics through modern, secular language. It also provided a model for future religious efforts at mainstreaming activism, such as the antiabortion movement, over a decade before abortion became a fulcrum for the hybrid movement known as the religious (or Christian) right.
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Wilson, Sondra Kathryn. "Report of the Secretary for the Board Meeting of March 1933." In In Search of Democracy, 149–56. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195116335.003.0031.
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Abstract The Wagner Resolution Senator Wagner’s resolution for a Senate investigation of conditions on the Mis sissippi Flood Control project was passed in the Senate on February 22. Mr. Rifkind, secretary to Senator Wagner telephoned the National Office on February 23 that unanimous consent of the Senate is necessary to secure consider imprisonment of the death sentence of Will Sanders, sixteen-year-old Negro youth of York, South Carolina. Literature and information was mailed to three correspondents seeking mate rial for college essays and theses on the Negro; and office interviews were granted to three students seeking information and pamphlets for papers to be submitted to their New York University classes.
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Bates, Elizabeth A., and Alexandra Papamichail. "What We Currently Know about the Prevalence, Causes, and Dynamics of Intimate Partner Violence." In Gender and Domestic Violence, edited by Brenda Russell and John Hamel, 21–56. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197564028.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over the past 50 years, a wealth of literature exploring intimate partner violence (IPV) has developed. This chapter aims to present what we currently know about the prevalence, causes, and dynamics of IPV. This will involve exploring the prevalence of IPV, the dynamics of IPV, including bidirectional or mutual abuse, the development of typologies, risk factors and antecedents of IPV perpetration, and the consequences of IPV for victims and families. There will also be an exploration of where these issues involve similarity and difference across gender. The chapter will draw on a wide range of academic research, including specifically from the Partner Abuse State of Knowledge research and national population data such as the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (USA) and the Office for National Statistics UK data on domestic abuse.
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Zubkova, Nina A., Evdokia S. Pavlova, and Leonid N. Sukhorukov. "Exaltation of the Holy Cross Community during the Crimean War (1854–1856). Letters from Sisters of Mercy, Officials and other Persons Involved in It in the Fund of the Department of Manuscripts of the National Library of Russia." In Literary Process in Russia of the 18th–19th Centuries. Secular and Spiritual Literature. Issue 3, 337–596. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/lit.pr.2022-3-337-596.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This publication contains letters from Sisters of Mercy of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross Community, as well as officials, curators and other persons related to the Community. Before entering the collections of the Department of Manuscripts of the Russian National Library, these letters were part of the archive of the Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna’s Court Office. The bulk of the published documents are letters from M. Merkurova and E.A. Khitrovo: they constitute the first section of the publication. Among the recipients of M. Merkurova, in addition to the Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna, are people who were close to the Grand Duchess, namely N.K. Shibel, E.P. Euler, E.L. Shirman. Khitrovo’s letters are addressed to D.P. Khrushchev, to the court office, and to certain ladies (“Madame” and “Mademoiselle”), probably Elena Pavlovna’s confidants. The second section of the publication contains letters from officials involved in the activities of the community or who observed it at the request of Elena Pavlovna, i. e. D.P. Khrushchev, D.E. Osten-Sackena, M.M. Vielgorsky-Matyushkin, V.M. Knyazhevich. The third section (“Varia”) contains letters of feedback on the work of Sisters intended for publication, as well as letters from supporters, petitioners for help from sisters, announcements of awards, and other materials. The published letters help to reveal the details of the organization and life of the Sisters of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross community during the Crimean War.
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Field, Bonnie N., and Shane Martin. "The How, Why, and How Well of Minority Governments." In Minority Governments in Comparative Perspective, 19–38. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192871657.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This chapter reviews the existing literature on minority governments, details our research questions, and provides a summary of the country case studies. Three core research questions guide this endeavor, and the chapter introduces each in the context of the existing literature, and unanswered questions. First, we ask why minority governments form. This includes whether the formation of minority governments (as distinct from majority coalitions) is related to political institutions (such as legislative rules and organization), electoral incentives, the shape or composition of the party system, or something else. Second, we explore how minority governments govern once in office. After all, government formation is normally a relatively short-lived process compared to the actual time the government will spend in office. Questions here include whether minority governments operate with formal agreements with other parties in parliament, their alliance-building strategies within parliament, and the motivations of the non-governing political parties or individual legislators that provide support to minority governments. Third, we explore how well minority governments perform, cross-nationally and, where useful, compared to periods of majority government in the same country. This includes common indicators of performances—such as the legislative productivity and rates of survival in office of minority governments, and what citizens think of the performance of the minority government—as well as more nuanced assessments that contextualize performance in the particular national context.
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Linenberg, Yorai. "Conclusion." In Jewish Soldiers in Nazi Captivity, 232–42. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198892786.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Summarizing the main findings of this book, this chapter suggests that when it came to non-Soviet Jewish POWs, the OKW’s POW Office, unlike most German government and non-government organizations, refused to ‘work towards the Führer’ by implementing Nazi policies even without direct instructions to do so; and that it did not suffer any consequences as a result. Furthermore, the POW Office was able to do so because there was never a direct order from Hitler to treat non-Soviet Jewish POWs in a different manner to that of their non-Jewish comrades. The chapter also discusses why the two main explanations found in literature for the treatment of the Jewish POWs—the concern about reciprocity and the ‘national conservative value system’ of the Wehrmacht—did not play a major role in the decision-making process of the German leadership. The significance of these conclusions is that they challenge the accepted perception of the Holocaust as being an indiscriminate attempt to completely eradicate a specific ethnic group by using all means available to the state.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "National Office for Decent Literature"
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Barua, B., M. C. Messner, R. E. Bass, and M. D. McMurtrey. "Design Data for Alloy 740H High Temperature Concentrating Solar Power Components." In ASME 2023 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2023-107318.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Recently, Barua et. al [ANL-20/03, 2020] developed new design rules for high temperature concentrating solar power metallic components. These rules are to be used in conjunction with the Section III, Division 5 rules of the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code and include three design by analysis options — i) design by elastic analysis with reduced margin, ii) design by elastic analysis with reduced margin and simplified creep-fatigue evaluation, and iii) design by inelastic analysis. In this paper, we report the corresponding design data for a nickelbased high temperature alloy – Alloy 740H. The current Alloy 740H Code Case includes some basic material properties such as Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, thermal properties, yield strength, tensile strength, and allowable stress So. However, a complete design check for high temperature components — i.e., primary load and buckling checks, ratcheting strain limits, and creep-fatigue evaluation — requires additional material data including allowable stress Sm, relaxation strength, isochronous stress-strain curves, minimum-stress-to-rupture Sr, fatigue diagrams, and creep-fatigue damage envelope. We construct these design data from the available material data in the literature and data generated recently at Idaho National Laboratory as part of a U.S. Department of Energy – Solar Energy Technology Office funded project. We also develop an inelastic constitutive model for use with the design by inelastic analysis method.
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GHINEA, Raluca Elena, Alin Dumitru STATIE, Lupedia Genoveva DA COSTA, and Andreea IONIȚĂ. "DRIVERS OF BUSINESS INVESTMENTS IN POST-PANDEMIC TIMES." In International Management Conference. Editura ASE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2022/01.11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the advent of the first entrepreneurial activities, business has played a crucial role in the development of the nation and in raising the living standards of the people. There are many countries that currently have a high level of development and this is mainly due to the business activities developed over time. As a particular example, according to the National Trade Register Office in our country there are over 1.1 million limited liability companies and approximately 8,000 joint-stock companies. Along with their importance, their development and growth play an essential role, being crucial for their long-term existence on the market. One of the development methods of companies is represented by making investments, playing the role of bringing added value, regardless of its way of capitalization. During the pandemic, investments decreased significantly and the entire global business environment was affected. At the same time, investments are important, regardless of the level at which they are made (either locally or globally) and their suitability is extremely well analyzed by investors. Through this article, with the help of the case studies' synthesis carried out by the accredited institutions and of the specialized literature as well, we aim to identify what were, after the total or partial return to normality, the engines that supported the return of investments in the business development plan.
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BOMBIAK, Edyta, and Adam MARCYSIAK. "RURAL HUMAN CAPITAL AS A DETERMINANT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.133.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human capital is an economic category which is increasingly applied in the models of economic growth and development. Many studies have demonstrated its positive effect on economic development at the national and regional levels. The level of development of rural areas is also strongly correlated with the human factor. The objective of the study was to carry out a quantitative and qualitative diagnosis of the situation of human capital across rural areas in Poland and to indicate the main challenges associated with the shaping of this capital in the context of economic growth simulation. The method used to meet the objective was a review of source literature and an analysis of statistical data from the Central Statistical Office (GUS) with the application of dynamics and structure indices. In the course of research, it was established that the main trends affecting the situation of human resource capital across rural areas in Poland are: the ageing of the rural population, as a dominant negative trend, and a systematic, though slow, increase in the level of education, as a dominant positive trend. It was determined that unfavorable demographic transformations of rural communities involve the risk of limiting economic activities of the elderly, and at the same time, also a decrease in their economic independence and an increase in the social burden resulting therefrom. On the other hand, the observed rise in the level of education and economic activity may accelerate the beneficial transformations of the area structure of agricultural farms, for it contributes to the acceleration of migration of the rural population to other, non-agricultural professions. In this context, taking actions, both nationally and regionally, aiming at increasing qualifications of rural (including agricultural) populations constitutes a vital opportunity, which increases intellectual potential and competitiveness across the country and its individual regions.
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Junior, Christina, Nicole A. Buzzetto-Hollywood, and John H Padgett. "Perceptions of DEIA, Job Satisfaction, and Leadership Among U.S. Federal Government Employees." In InSITE 2024: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/5289.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aim/Purpose . The quantitative comparative ex post facto research study covered in this paper aims to fill gaps in the literature by focusing on whether gender influences perceptions of leadership; diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA); and job satisfaction among federal employees within the Department of Justice using empirical data. The study also explores whether there are relationships between the perception of leadership and job satisfaction and the perception of DEIA and job satisfaction. Background. Since 2002, the United States Office of Personnel Management (OPM) has administered the Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey (FEVS), which measures employee perceptions of whether and to what extent successful organizational conditions exist in their agencies. Areas currently assessed within the FEVS include training, job satisfaction, leadership effectiveness, management effectiveness, work-life balance, and diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility. The exploration of variations in perceptions of leadership, DEIA efforts, and job satisfaction among U.S. federal employees by gender and other criteria are crucial areas for research that are underrepresented in the literature. This is not only important for the United States federal government, which is grappling with high attrition rates, but also for public administrations around the world. Methodology. A quantitative ex post facto research design was used to analyze data from responses of U.S. federal employees working for the Department of Justice. Leadership, job satisfaction, and DEIA were all measured using aggregate scores from pre-determined question sets. Differences based on gender were analyzed using t-tests. Additionally, chi-squares and Spearman’s rank correlations were employed in order to explore whether there is a relationship between the perception of leadership and job satisfaction and the perception of DEIA efforts and job satisfaction among U.S. federal government workers. Contribution. The findings of this study aid in providing empirical data to support the need for federal government leadership to understand the impact of employees’ perceptions on their willingness to continue working in the federal government. The research study was grounded in Public Service Motivation Theory, which centers around factors that motivate individuals to pursue and maintain careers in the public service sector. More specifically, this study supported the public service motivation theory in that it looked at gender as a mitigating factor in public service motivation as well as explored the role of leadership and DEIA as a correlating factor to job satisfaction. The results of this research have practical implications for federal government leaders interested in increasing employee motivation and retention and who should be considering the range of sociocultural and demographic characteristics that have been found in the research to impact employee perceptions and experiences. Findings. The analyses found differences in perceptions of leadership, DEIA, and job satisfaction among United States Federal Government employees based on gender. Additionally, perceptions of leadership and DEIA were both found to influence job satisfaction. The first research question explored in this study used a t-test to consider whether the perception of leadership among U.S. federal employees differed based on participant gender with significance found. The second research question examined whether the perceived job satisfaction of U.S. federal employees differed based on gender, with statistical significance detected. The third research question focused on whether perception of DEIA differed when gender was explored and the results of the t-test indicated a significant difference in perceptions of DEIA when gender was considered. The fourth research question considered the relationship between the perception of leadership and job satisfaction. A Chi-square and a Spearman Rank Correlation were performed, and a relationship was found to exist. Research question five explored whether a relationship exists between the perception of diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility initiatives and job satisfaction, with significance found following a chi-square and a Spearman rank correlation. Recommendations for Practitioners. Leadership behaviors of managers and the existence of DEIA policies play a critical role in employees’ job satisfaction and commitment. The recommendations for organizational leadership in the public service sector include addressing gender inequality in work practices and environments and cultivating more inclusive organizational cultures. Recommendations for Researchers. The lack of inclusion of socio-cultural norms in the research on public service motivation is a gap that has yet to be sufficiently addressed and is an area of research that should be explored. Impact on Society. Research on public service motivation in local, state, national, and international government employment can aid organizations in developing strategies for improving recruitment, selection, and retention in public service organizations. This information can advance scientific knowledge on transforming management and leadership practices across sectors. Future Research. Future research can expound on what has been done here by examining in more detail how various identities, and more specifically intersecting identities, within the LGBTQIA+ community as well as other historically marginalized groups, impact such factors as perceptions of leadership, job satisfaction, employee motivation and retention, and work-life balance. Perceptions of specific DEIA initiatives should also be further explored.
Звіти організацій з теми "National Office for Decent Literature"
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Shapovalova, Daria, Tavis Potts, John Bone, and Keith Bender. Measuring Just Transition : Indicators and scenarios for a Just Transition in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire. University of Aberdeen, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57064/2164/22364.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The North East of Scotland is at the forefront of the global energy transition. With the transformation of the UK’s energy sector over coming decades, the lives of communities and workers in the North East will be directly affected as we collectively transition to a Net Zero economy. A Just Transition refers to a fair distribution of the burdens and benefits as society and the economy shifts to a sustainable low-carbon economy. It calls for action on providing decent green jobs, building community wealth, and embedding participation. While it is a well-established concept in the academic literature and in policy there is a notable lack of approaches and data on measuring progress towards a Just Transition. In Scotland, with Just Transition planning underway, there are calls for clarity by the Scottish Parliament, Just Transition Commission, and many stakeholders on how to evaluate progress in a place-based context. The project ‘Just Transition for Workers and Communities in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire’ brought together an interdisciplinary team from the University of Aberdeen Just Transition Lab to identify and collate the relevant evidence, and engage with a range of local stakeholders to develop regional Just Transition indicators. Previous work on this project produced a Rapid Evidence Assessment on how the oil and gas industry has shaped our region and what efforts and visions have emerged for a Just Transition. Based on the findings and a stakeholder knowledge-exchange event, we have developed a set of proposed indicators, supported by data and/or narrative, for a transition in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire across four themes: 1) Employment and skills, 2) Equality and wellbeing, 3) Democratic participation, and 4) Community empowerment, revitalisation and Net Zero. Some of the indicators are compiled from national/local data sets, including data on jobs and skills, fuel poverty or greenhouse gas emissions. Other indicators require further data collection and elaboration, but nevertheless represent important aspects of Just Transition in the region. These include workers’ rights protection, community ownership, participation and empowerment. We propose four narrative scenarios as springboards for further dialogue, policy development, investment and participation on Just Transition in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire. Indicators, as proxies for evaluating progress, can be used as decision support tools, a means of informing policy, and supporting stakeholder dialogue and action as we collectively progress a Just Transition in the North East. There are no shortcuts on a way to a Just Transition. Progress towards achieving it will require a clear articulation of vision and objectives, co-developed with all stakeholders around the table. It will require collaboration, trust, difficult conversations, and compromise as we develop a collective vision for the region. Finally, it will require strong political will, substantive policy and legal reform, public and private investment, and building of social licence as we collectively build a Net Zero future in the North East.
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Roldan de Jong, Tamara. Rapid Review: Perceptions of COVID-19 Vaccines in South Africa. SSHAP, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As of April 19, 2021, South Africa has recorded 1.56 million COVID-19 cases and almost 54,000 deaths - more than any other country on the African continent. The country has begun the national rollout of the Johnson & Johnson (J&J) COVID-19 vaccine, with over 292 thousand doses administered it aims to achieve herd immunity by vaccinating at least 67 percent of its population (around 40 million people) by the end of 2021. The government suspended its initial rollout of the AstraZeneca (AZ) vaccine due to concerns over its effectiveness, particularly against the new B.1.351 variant, which accounts for 90% of the infections in South Africa. The J&J vaccine was put on temporary hold in April due to concerns about rare clotting disorders. Although data show that expected acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines is relatively high, the suspension of two vaccines in South Africa, where fear of infection is decreasing, will likely influence public reactions. Understanding how individuals and population groups perceive and make sense of COVID-19 vaccines is critical to inform the design and implementation of risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) strategies, and guide interventions aiming to promote and sustain acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines, while encouraging compliance with other COVID-19 preventive measures. This review syntheses community perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines in South Africa to inform RCCE strategies and policies and provides examples of successful practice. It draws on multiple secondary data sources: scientific literature, qualitative and quantitative studies, grey literature, and mainstream and social media. The review was supported by consultation with four local expert key informants from different fields. It is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on social science considerations relating to COVID-19 vaccines. It was written for SSHAP by Tamara Roldan de Jong and Anthrologica on request of the UNICEF South Africa Country Office. Contributions were made from the RCCE Collective Service East and Southern Africa (ESAR) Region. The brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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McCarthy, Noel, Eileen Taylor, Martin Maiden, Alison Cody, Melissa Jansen van Rensburg, Margaret Varga, Sophie Hedges, et al. Enhanced molecular-based (MLST/whole genome) surveillance and source attribution of Campylobacter infections in the UK. Food Standards Agency, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ksj135.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This human campylobacteriosis sentinel surveillance project was based at two sites in Oxfordshire and North East England chosen (i) to be representative of the English population on the Office for National Statistics urban-rural classification and (ii) to provide continuity with genetic surveillance started in Oxfordshire in October 2003. Between October 2015 and September 2018 epidemiological questionnaires and genome sequencing of isolates from human cases was accompanied by sampling and genome sequencing of isolates from possible food animal sources. The principal aim was to estimate the contributions of the main sources of human infection and to identify any changes over time. An extension to the project focussed on antimicrobial resistance in study isolates and older archived isolates. These older isolates were from earlier years at the Oxfordshire site and the earliest available coherent set of isolates from the national archive at Public Health England (1997/8). The aim of this additional work was to analyse the emergence of the antimicrobial resistance that is now present among human isolates and to describe and compare antimicrobial resistance in recent food animal isolates. Having identified the presence of bias in population genetic attribution, and that this was not addressed in the published literature, this study developed an approach to adjust for bias in population genetic attribution, and an alternative approach to attribution using sentinel types. Using these approaches the study estimated that approximately 70% of Campylobacter jejuni and just under 50% of C. coli infection in our sample was linked to the chicken source and that this was relatively stable over time. Ruminants were identified as the second most common source for C. jejuni and the most common for C. coli where there was also some evidence for pig as a source although less common than ruminant or chicken. These genomic attributions of themselves make no inference on routes of transmission. However, those infected with isolates genetically typical of chicken origin were substantially more likely to have eaten chicken than those infected with ruminant types. Consumption of lamb’s liver was very strongly associated with infection by a strain genetically typical of a ruminant source. These findings support consumption of these foods as being important in the transmission of these infections and highlight a potentially important role for lamb’s liver consumption as a source of Campylobacter infection. Antimicrobial resistance was predicted from genomic data using a pipeline validated by Public Health England and using BIGSdb software. In C. jejuni this showed a nine-fold increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones from 1997 to 2018. Tetracycline resistance was also common, with higher initial resistance (1997) and less substantial change over time. Resistance to aminoglycosides or macrolides remained low in human cases across all time periods. Among C. jejuni food animal isolates, fluoroquinolone resistance was common among isolates from chicken and substantially less common among ruminants, ducks or pigs. Tetracycline resistance was common across chicken, duck and pig but lower among ruminant origin isolates. In C. coli resistance to all four antimicrobial classes rose from low levels in 1997. The fluoroquinolone rise appears to have levelled off earlier and among animals, levels are high in duck as well as chicken isolates, although based on small sample sizes, macrolide and aminoglycoside resistance, was substantially higher than for C. jejuni among humans and highest among pig origin isolates. Tetracycline resistance is high in isolates from pigs and the very small sample from ducks. Antibiotic use following diagnosis was relatively high (43.4%) among respondents in the human surveillance study. Moreover, it varied substantially across sites and was highest among non-elderly adults compared to older adults or children suggesting opportunities for improved antimicrobial stewardship. The study also found evidence for stable lineages over time across human and source animal species as well as some tighter genomic clusters that may represent outbreaks. The genomic dataset will allow extensive further work beyond the specific goals of the study. This has been made accessible on the web, with access supported by data visualisation tools.
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Perera, Duminda, Ousmane Seidou, Jetal Agnihotri, Mohamed Rasmy, Vladimir Smakhtin, Paulin Coulibaly, and Hamid Mehmood. Flood Early Warning Systems: A Review Of Benefits, Challenges And Prospects. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/mjfq3791.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Floods are major water-related disasters that affect millions of people resulting in thousands of mortalities and billiondollar losses globally every year. Flood Early Warning Systems (FEWS) - one of the floods risk management measures - are currently operational in many countries. The UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction recognises their importance and strongly advocates for an increase in their availability under the targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, despite widespread recognition of the importance of FEWS for disaster risk reduction (DRR), there’s a lack of information on their availability and status around the world, their benefits and costs, challenges and trends associated with their development. This report contributes to bridging these gaps by analyzing the responses to a comprehensive online survey with over 80 questions on various components of FEWS (risk knowledge, monitoring and forecasting, warning dissemination and communication, and response capabilities), investments into FEWS, their operational effectiveness, benefits, and challenges. FEWS were classified as technologically “basic”, “intermediate” and “advanced” depending on the existence and sophistication of FEWS` components such as hydrological data = collection systems, data transfer systems, flood forecasting methods, and early warning communication methods. The survey questionnaire was distributed to flood forecasting and warning centers around the globe; the primary focus was developing and least-developed countries (LDCs). The questionnaire is available here: https://inweh.unu.edu/questionnaireevaluation-of-flood-early-warning-systems/ and can be useful in its own right for similar studies at national or regional scales, in its current form or with case-specific modifications. Survey responses were received from 47 developing (including LDCs) and six developed countries. Additional information for some countries was extracted from available literature. Analysis of these data suggests the existence of an equal number of “intermediate” and “advanced” FEWS in surveyed river basins. While developing countries overall appear to progress well in FEWS implementation, LDCs are still lagging behind since most of them have “basic” FEWS. The difference between types of operational systems in developing and developed countries appear to be insignificant; presence of basic, intermediate or advanced FEWS depends on available investments for system developments and continuous financing for their operations, and there is evidence of more financial support — on the order of USD 100 million — to FEWS in developing countries thanks to international aid. However, training the staff and maintaining the FEWS for long-term operations are challenging. About 75% of responses indicate that river basins have inadequate hydrological network coverage and back-up equipment. Almost half of the responders indicated that their models are not advanced and accurate enough to produce reliable forecasts. Lack of technical expertise and limited skilled manpower to perform forecasts was cited by 50% of respondents. The primary reason for establishing FEWS, based on the survey, is to avoid property damage; minimizing causalities and agricultural losses appear to be secondary reasons. The range of the community benefited by FEWS varies, but 55% of FEWS operate in the range between 100,000 to 1 million of population. The number of flood disasters and their causalities has declined since the year 2000, while 50% of currently operating FEWS were established over the same period. This decline may be attributed to the combined DRR efforts, of which FEWS are an integral part. In lower-middle-income and low-income countries, economic losses due to flood disasters may be smaller in absolute terms, but they represent a higher percentage of such countries’ GDP. In high-income countries, higher flood-related losses accounted for a small percentage of their GDP. To improve global knowledge on FEWS status and implementation in the context of Sendai Framework and SDGs, the report’s recommendations include: i) coordinate global investments in FEWS development and standardise investment reporting; ii) establish an international hub to monitor the status of FEWS in collaboration with the national responsible agencies. This will support the sharing of FEWS-related information for accelerated global progress in DRR; iii) develop a comprehensive, index-based ranking system for FEWS according to their effectiveness in flood disaster mitigation. This will provide clear standards and a roadmap for improving FEWS’ effectiveness, and iv) improve coordination between institutions responsible for flood forecasting and those responsible for communicating warnings and community preparedness and awareness.
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Totten, Annette, Dana M. Womack, Marian S. McDonagh, Cynthia Davis-O’Reilly, Jessica C. Griffin, Ian Blazina, Sara Grusing, and Nancy Elder. Improving Rural Health Through Telehealth-Guided Provider-to-Provider Communication. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer254.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives. To assess the use, effectiveness, and implementation of telehealth-supported provider-to-provider communication and collaboration for the provision of healthcare services to rural populations and to inform a scientific workshop convened by the National Institutes of Health Office of Disease Prevention on October 12–14, 2021. Data sources. We conducted a comprehensive literature search of Ovid MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, Embase®, and Cochrane CENTRAL. We searched for articles published from January 1, 2015, to October 12, 2021, to identify data on use of rural provider-to-provider telehealth (Key Question 1) and the same databases for articles published January 1, 2010, to October 12, 2021, for studies of effectiveness and implementation (Key Questions 2 and 3) and to identify methodological weaknesses in the research (Key Question 4). Additional sources were identified through reference lists, stakeholder suggestions, and responses to a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Our methods followed the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Methods Guide (available at https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/topics/cer-methods-guide/overview) and the PRISMA reporting guidelines. We used predefined criteria and dual review of abstracts and full-text articles to identify research results on (1) regional or national use, (2) effectiveness, (3) barriers and facilitators to implementation, and (4) methodological weakness in studies of provider-to-provider telehealth for rural populations. We assessed the risk of bias of the effectiveness studies using criteria specific to the different study designs and evaluated strength of evidence (SOE) for studies of similar telehealth interventions with similar outcomes. We categorized barriers and facilitators to implementation using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and summarized methodological weaknesses of studies. Results. We included 166 studies reported in 179 publications. Studies on the degree of uptake of provider-to-provider telehealth were limited to specific clinical uses (pharmacy, psychiatry, emergency care, and stroke management) in seven studies using national or regional surveys and claims data. They reported variability across States and regions, but increasing uptake over time. Ninety-seven studies (20 trials and 77 observational studies) evaluated the effectiveness of provider-to-provider telehealth in rural settings, finding that there may be similar rates of transfers and lengths of stay with telehealth for inpatient consultations; similar mortality rates for remote intensive care unit care; similar clinical outcomes and transfer rates for neonates; improvements in medication adherence and treatment response in outpatient care for depression; improvements in some clinical monitoring measures for diabetes with endocrinology or pharmacy outpatient consultations; similar mortality or time to treatment when used to support emergency assessment and management of stroke, heart attack, or chest pain at rural hospitals; and similar rates of appropriate versus inappropriate transfers of critical care and trauma patients with specialist telehealth consultations for rural emergency departments (SOE: low). Studies of telehealth for education and mentoring of rural healthcare providers may result in intended changes in provider behavior and increases in provider knowledge, confidence, and self-efficacy (SOE: low). Patient outcomes were not frequently reported for telehealth provider education, but two studies reported improvement (SOE: low). Evidence for telehealth interventions for other clinical uses and outcomes was insufficient. We identified 67 program evaluations and qualitative studies that identified barriers and facilitators to rural provider-to-provider telehealth. Success was linked to well-functioning technology; sufficient resources, including time, staff, leadership, and equipment; and adequate payment or reimbursement. Some considerations may be unique to implementation of provider-to-provider telehealth in rural areas. These include the need for consultants to better understand the rural context; regional initiatives that pool resources among rural organizations that may not be able to support telehealth individually; and programs that can support care for infrequent as well as frequent clinical situations in rural practices. An assessment of methodological weaknesses found that studies were limited by less rigorous study designs, small sample sizes, and lack of analyses that address risks for bias. A key weakness was that studies did not assess or attempt to adjust for the risk that temporal changes may impact the results in studies that compared outcomes before and after telehealth implementation. Conclusions. While the evidence base is limited, what is available suggests that telehealth supporting provider-to-provider communications and collaboration may be beneficial. Telehealth studies report better patient outcomes in some clinical scenarios (e.g., outpatient care for depression or diabetes, education/mentoring) where telehealth interventions increase access to expertise and high-quality care. In other applications (e.g., inpatient care, emergency care), telehealth results in patient outcomes that are similar to usual care, which may be interpreted as a benefit when the purpose of telehealth is to make equivalent services available locally to rural residents. Most barriers to implementation are common to practice change efforts. Methodological weaknesses stem from weaker study designs, such as before-after studies, and small numbers of participants. The rapid increase in the use of telehealth in response to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is likely to produce more data and offer opportunities for more rigorous studies.