Добірка наукової літератури з теми "National 4-H Soil Conservation Program (U.S.)"

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AbstractCellulolytic degradation bacteria are microorganisms that are abundant in nature which can break down raw fibers of organic waste into compost. The purpose of this study was to obtain superior cellulolytic bacteria to degrade organic waste into compost and obtain permanent species and strain. The method used is DNA isolation by culturing bacteria with Luria Bertani (LB) media, quality and quantity analysis using DNA electrophoresis isolation technique visualized by electrophoresis technique followed by testing with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Isolated DNA was amplified using a primer combination designed from the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The primary combinations used are 27F (5 '-AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG-3') and 1525R (5 '-AAGGAGGTGWTCC-ARCC-3'). Analysis of sequence data is compared with gene sequences that have been deposited into the public database in silico using the BLAST program conducted online on the NCBI website (National Center of Biotechnology Information). The results obtained by visualization of electrophoresis from isolation of DNA 6 isolates of cellulolytic bacteria M = λ DNA 50 ng / µl; 1 = KM25, 2 = SR75, 3 = JM, 4 = U6,5 = G8,6 = K13. DNA concentrations obtained from 6 isolates were quite high, ranging from 34.4 to 69.9 ng / µL. The results of the 6th PCR amplification were 6 isolates namely KM25, SR75, JM, G-8, KM13, AND U-6. In general, the six selected cellulolytic bacterial isolates belong to the genus Bacillus. Phylogenetic analysis using Boostrap 1000 x. The six selected bacterial isolates analyzed separated and formed two main clusters: the first cluster which included Bacillus thuringensis and Bacillus cereus and the Bacillus Subtilis cluster. 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Can Gio mangrove forest (CGM) is located downstream of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), situated between an estuarine system of Dong Nai - Sai Gon river and a part of Vam Co river. The CGM is the largest restored mangrove forest in Vietnam and the UNESCO’s Mangrove Biosphere Reserve. The CGM has been gradually facing to numeric challenges of global climate change, environmental degradation and socio-economic development for the last decades. To evaluate sediment quality in the CGM, we collected 13 cores to analyze for sediment grain size, organic matter content, and trace element concentration of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn. Results showed that trace element concentrations ranged from uncontaminated (Cd, Cu, and Zn) to very minor contaminated (Cr, Ni, and Pb). The concentrations were gradually influenced by suspended particle size and the mangrove plants.ReferencesAnh M.T., Chi D.H., Vinh N.N., Loan T.T., Triet L.M., Slootenb K.B.-V., Tarradellas J., 2003. 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Climate change induced sea-level rise (SLR) is on its increase globally. Regionally the lowlands of China, Vietnam, Bangladesh, and islands of the Malaysian, Indonesian and Philippine archipelagos are among the world’s most threatened regions. Sea-level rise has major impacts on the ecosystems and society. It threatens coastal populations, economic activities, and fragile ecosystems as mangroves, coastal salt-marches and wetlands. This paper provides a summary of the current state of knowledge of sea level-rise and its effects on both human and natural ecosystems. The focus is on coastal urban areas and low lying deltas in South-East Asia and Vietnam, as one of the most threatened areas in the world. About 3 mm per year reflects the growing consensus on the average SLR worldwide. The trend speeds up during recent decades. The figures are subject to local, temporal and methodological variation. In Vietnam the average values of 3.3 mm per year during the 1993-2014 period are above the worldwide average. Although a basic conceptual understanding exists that the increasing global frequency of the strongest tropical cyclones is related with the increasing temperature and SLR, this relationship is insufficiently understood. Moreover the precise, complex environmental, economic, social, and health impacts are currently unclear. SLR, storms and changing precipitation patterns increase flood risks, in particular in urban areas. Part of the current scientific debate is on how urban agglomeration can be made more resilient to flood risks. Where originally mainly technical interventions dominated this discussion, it becomes increasingly clear that proactive special planning, flood defense, flood risk mitigation, flood preparation, and flood recovery are important, but costly instruments. Next to the main focus on SLR and its effects on resilience, the paper reviews main SLR associated impacts: Floods and inundation, salinization, shoreline change, and effects on mangroves and wetlands. The hazards of SLR related floods increase fastest in urban areas. This is related with both the increasing surface major cities are expected to occupy during the decades to come and the increasing coastal population. In particular Asia and its megacities in the southern part of the continent are increasingly at risk. The discussion points to complexity, inter-disciplinarity, and the related uncertainty, as core characteristics. An integrated combination of mitigation, adaptation and resilience measures is currently considered as the most indicated way to resist SLR today and in the near future.References Aerts J.C.J.H., Hassan A., Savenije H.H.G., Khan M.F., 2000. Using GIS tools and rapid assessment techniques for determining salt intrusion: Stream a river basin management instrument. 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