Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Narcissistic foundations"

This paper is a critical response to the article by professors P.A. Orekhovsky and V.I. Razumov “The Onset of Narcissistic Culture: Consequences for Education, Science and Politics”. The idea of treating Western post-war culture as narcissistic has been expressed in the United States since the 1970s of the XX century, but it will also be relevant in relation to the post-Soviet culture of Russia. Considering the ambiguity of the cognitive metaphor of Narcissus in relation to the described socio-cultural transformations caused by the possibility of an almost arbitrary interpretation of something as narcissism, the article presents its own interpretation of the foundations of narcissistic culture. Following the idea of opposing a narcissistic culture to a culture of service, modern narcissism is viewed not so much as an individual’s selfishness, but as a loss of an object and opportunity for service. Secularism, understood in the spirit of Charles Taylor as the loss of any higher, transcendent, hierarchical ontological concepts, deprives a person of a higher authority that legitimizes any service to something. This means a horizontal ontology of equivalent objects that do not have the highest value in relation to the individual. Post-traditionalism means impermanence, “fluidity” of any institutionalized forms of sociality and their perception, the dynamics of the emergence and decline of which does not allow the individual to find an object of service. A person remains in conditions of “minimal humanism”, which means that this person, having neither a higher reality that determines it, nor the constancy of social institutions, remains for himself the only possible value, a kind of “narcissist against his will”. We also believe that narcissism is not an external, but an internal factor of social processes that constitutes the motives and interests of the participants in these processes. While agreeing with the thesis about the connection between narcissistic culture and postmodernity, we believe that it is not a “young culture” opposite to mass society. On the contrary, narcissistic culture is the culture of a mass society that has gone further along the path of secularism, post-traditionalism and humanism, just as postmodernity is called late, far-reaching modernity by such sociologists as E. Giddens, U. Beck, Ju. Habermas.

Different conceptions of narcissism exist within the literature such as grandiose, vulnerable, pathological, collective, and communal, each of which can be measured using self-report measures. Within the current paper, we review and discuss most of the existing measures of these different trait (i.e., non-clinical) narcissism constructs. This includes an examination of their underlying theoretical foundations and an evaluation of the scale construction process. We start our review from the one-dimensional measures of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism such as the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale, the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen, the Short Dark Triad, the Narcissistic Grandiosity Scale, the Narcissistic Vulnerability Scale, and the Single Item Narcissism Scale. Then, we introduce the multidimensional measures to study narcissism such as the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire, the Five Factor Narcissism Inventory, and the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. The r view concludes by presenting measures of understudied narcissistic constructs such as the Communal Narcissism Inventory and the Collective Narcissism Scale. In general, using one-dimensional scales might provide important insights into the general underpinnings of narcissistic personality, however assessment via multi-dimensional tools better reflects its complex nature.

The article contains a response to the previously published (Ideas and Ideals, 2021, vol. 13, iss. 3, pt. 1, pp. 84–102.) article by P. A. Orekhovsky and V. I. Razumov “The Onset of Narcissistic Culture: Consequences for Education, Science and Politics”. The author considers that the definition of culture as a narcissistic is an effective metaphor that allows to conceptualize a general tendency that now manifests itself in a number of outwardly disparate phenomena. The ethos of modern culture is the self-centeredness of its representatives, the organization and assessment of reality in relation to this center as a natural attitude. The article suggests some of the possible directions for the development of the concept. The foundations of narcissistic culture go back to the demassification of production and devaluation of objective knowledge in information dynamics. The author traces the connection between the spirit of narcissistic culture and the development of subject-practical knowledge (systematized and didactically formalized experience) as a special epistemic type and a kind of alternative to classical scientific knowledge. The article indicates the problems associated with the parallel functioning of two types of knowledge in the educational system. Another natural consequence of the onset of narcissistic culture is radical formalization of the education system, since demonstration and positioning in this type of culture are more important in comparison with the real content. In this regard, the author notes an increasing gap between the circulation of information in communication flows and the achievement of the knowledge by their participants. The generic sign of knowledge is consistency, which, among other things, involves the establishment of meaningful relationships between areas of knowledge that form both the general and professional picture of the world. Constant transformation of the organizational framework of education, controlled by formal signs, destroys, firstly, these relationships. In addition, the author evaluates pseudo-scientific knowledge as one of the manifestations of narcissistic culture. The traditional foundation of the pseudo-science is an intermediate level of education, which connects a reverence towards science with an inability to assess the content of scientific ideas. This foundation is complemented in a narcissistic culture by a general belief in the justification of any views and the sufficiency of one’s own opinion in any case. At the same time, the narcissistic culture has its own resources for growth, and the author sees the opportunity to use them, including the educational practice.

The motivational and behavioral underpinnings of three narcissistic styles were assessed. Participants completed measures of adaptive, maladaptive, and covert narcissism along with instruments assessing unconscious and conscious motives and patterns of daily behavior. Adaptive narcissism was associated with dominance and affiliation motives, maladaptive narcissism was related to high dominance and low affiliation motivation, and covert narcissism was inversely associated with both dominance and affiliation. The notion that maladaptive and covert narcissism are two distinct styles representing different forms of dis-affiliation is discussed.

In the field of psychopathology, “narcissistic and identity-related suffering” refers to a type of suffering characterized by a lack of being that centrally affects narcissism and identity continuity/discontinuity. Present in many clinical and psychopathological pictures, these problems in turn invite us to undertake a rereading of the modalities of structuration of subjectivity in the course of development. Elements for a model of identity construction are proposed based on the paradigm of the double. Approached from the angle of paradox, identity is thought of as a process in the service of “becoming a subject” based, essentially, on the role of the object and its reflexive function. Drawing on the concept of “transitional double,” this perspective allows the foundations of subjective identity and their stages of construction to be described; these foundations underlie the creation of an internal psychic mirror, the locus of one’s relationship to self. These considerations give us a better understanding of the logics of narcissistic and identity-related pathologies, which are characterized in particular by a failure of reflexive capacities, revealing the uncertainties of the dual relational dynamic in the course of early development.

A response to the article by P.A. Orekhovsky and V.I. Razumov “The Onset of Narcissistic Culture: Consequences for Education, Science and Politics” is proposed. Agreeing with the theses of this article, the author offers a look at the problems posed from the standpoint of institutional and communication approaches. This approach seems methodologically justified and no less relevant, since the problems posed require a deeper explanation. It is shown that narcissism as a special cultural phenomenon is not only a factor external to the subjects, but is also a factor affecting class and group interests. Narcissistic culture should not be recognized as an object of manipulation, since it decisively affects state institutions, as well as social, economic, political and spiritual spheres. The ability of any cultural phenomenon to orient the state towards a person and his spiritual development is also expressed in the possibility of disorientation. It is proposed to consider narcissistic culture as a result of the influence of the theory of separation of powers introduced into the domestic state-building, which does not always contribute to the preservation of the state’s right to identity, dissimilarity and originality. The choice of such a principle of state development can be explained by the aesthetic ideal and the desire for beauty and perfection. At the same time, ignoring the influence of narcissistic culture on the relations of executive, legislative and judicial functions of state power, it is impossible to determine the state of group and class interests and the ways of further development of the state, security of its citizens. The influence of narcissistic culture on the activities of state institutions and authorities does not contribute to their consolidation and unification to solve current problems and ensure the real public interests of modern society and each of its members. The culture of narcissism, being a complex social phenomenon, has affected almost all spheres of human existence; from the psychological foundations of intimate relationships to the philosophical understanding of the structure of society. Personalization, narcissism, and the experience of inner emptiness are accompanied by depression, cruelty, indifference, lack of mercy and reverence for the world around them. The connection between narcissism and the materialization of thinking, the influence of the philosophy of science and technology on interference in human nature and its habitat is substantiated. The ways of getting out of narcissistic captivity and filling the deficit of a favorable attitude to oneself are proposed. The author concludes that youth, one of the properties of narcissistic culture, is a strong external factor capable of restoring the ability to live objectively here and now.

The subject of this research is the individual psychological characteristics for learning teamwork skills. The relevance of the selected topic is defined by solving the tasks of teaching team interaction skills in the process of professional training of specialists, as well by insufficient empirical data on psychological mechanisms of pedagogical influence upon the effectiveness of tram-building process. The goal consists in comparing individual traits of the students and nature of their relationships, which determine the type of team interaction. For achieving the set goal and verification of the advanced hypothesis, the author surveyed teams of students (N=11) based on quasi-experimental plan. Along with the comparative design and correlation design, the author also applied the following psychodiagnostic methods: Eysenck's Personality Inventory (EPI), questionnaire for emotional intelligence by D. V. Lusin, “lifestyle index” method (adapted by L. I. Wasserman and others), characterological questionnaire by G. Shmishek, self-esteem model by A. Budassi; as well as statistical methods: Kruskal-Wallis criterion, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Based on the acquired results, the author empirically describes the types of team: “introverted”, “restless-intellectual”, “inconsistent”, “narcissistic”, and “aggressive-manipulative”. Comparability of the types of teams with characteristics of “dark triad-tetrad” is determined. The novelty of this work consists in the empirical substantiation of differential approach towards teaching teamwork skills, as well as in outlining the two key trends in pedagogical work with the students. The first is aimed at overcoming social insecurity by means of intellectual self-affirmation. The second implies the students’ desire to exercise control over emotions and the object of relations. The proposed recommendations for work with each type of team can be implemented in pedagogical practice of the higher school.

The current research seeks to know the nature of the relationship between narcissistic leadership and dogmatic behavior in the men's ready-made garments factory in Al-Najaf Governorate, and its importance is represented in its attempt to bridge the knowledge gap between the two variables of the study. In addition to laying the correct and appropriate foundations to address a realistic problem that directly affects the work environment in one of the most important production institutions, so the researcher used the random sample method and distributed 125 questionnaires to a number of male and female employees in the aforementioned factory. The number of questionnaires retrieved was 124. As for the valid for statistical analysis, the number reached (122), with an average of (97%) of the retrieved questionnaires.

The work continues the rethinking by the authors of the phenomena of changes in education, science and the structure of power in the 21st century within the framework of the philosophy of culture. The concepts of “carnival” according to M.M. Bakhtin, “the soul of culture” according to O. Spengler, Dionysianism (and neo-paganism) by F. Nietzsche are used for this work. The central problem of this study is the legitimation of the political regime of liberal democracy in the context of a narcissistic culture. The latter, due to its internal characteristics, does not allow the existence of any internal authority, the approval of which would provide a moral sanction to the rule of certain political actors. History provides several options for the ontology of the legitimation process. The fi rst of them are associated with the priesthood that existed in the conditions of the domination of pagan culture, the Abrahamic religions that replaced it developed their own sacred mechanisms for granting sanctions to power. The most important shift occurs during the Modern: mass culture is forming, the role of moral authority is shifting from priests to scientists. To achieve legitimacy, political actors must ensure the progress of society on the basis of new advances in science and technology. The legitimacy is also challenged with the help of scientifi c argumentation – the authorities are presented with claims of erroneous technical and economic decisions that have entailed negative socioeconomic and/or environmental consequences. An extreme but signifi cant case is the challenge of scientifi c foundations of politics, as was the case in the case of Soviet Marxism. Expanded reproduction of science and education in the 20th century erodes the former exclusivity of the scientifi c elite and at the same time eliminates the scientist mechanism of political legitimation. The situation is reversed: now, in order to continue pursuing science and education, the former authorities must prove their usefulness to the authorities and society. But the same thing happens with the authorities themselves: offi cials and deputies turn into “servants of people” and explain their necessity to society with the help of representatives of the humanities. They do not rule anymore but produce public goods in exchange for taxes. Bakhtin’s carnival is triumphing. The regime of liberal democracy that ensured the protection of rights of minorities is close to narcissistic culture, in the center of which is the need for freedom and self-realization of the individual. At the same time, however, any authority – political or scientifi c – has a conditional legitimacy here. The proportion of partisans is growing – actors who recognize the legality of the existing social order but deny its internal justice. Fragility and instability are inherent in liberal democracy. The longevity of such a political regime is ensured by the rise of neo-paganism. Unlike previous pagan cults there is no separate social group of sacrifi ces. Thus, the problem of legitimation is removed: what is already there automatically becomes legitimate. With the help of the liberal discourse, each individual political personality is instilled that it has all the full rights, and the state is left with only responsibilities for the service of this personality: this is the uncontested meaning of Fukuyama’s ‘last man’.

The edifice of civilization stands on water-energy-food nexus, speech, trading management and complexity. This paper, presents a mini review of these issues which are the foundations of civilization, and discusses their role in social prosperity. Recent year public discussion emerges that an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) could strike cities due to natural or artificial reasons therefore, we attempt to describe the impact of an EMP from the viewpoint of civil engineering. To do so, we analyze the fundamental parts of civilization in present, their roles, and their functions. Analysis estimates that an EMP will not regress cities of developed world to the 1970s or even in the Middle Ages, but rather before the agrarian era. It is noted that while the developed world will be more vulnerable, the least developed countries, could exhibit more resilience. Additionally, this paper considers the way societies and cities could demonstrate more resilience, framing the need for further research such as: technological adaptation; study and simulations of related scenarios; design of water-energy-food nexus for survival clusters; resilience measures for money, economy, communications, and trading. As we have a very small timeframe of data (less than 200 years) of the appearance and the effects of EMP, we have to study it, even if the wish is that we will never confront it. It seems unreasonable for our narcissistic and wonderful civilization to behave like ostrich hiding its’ head in the sand in order to be hidden by this threat.

Cette recherche propose d'étudier les réaménagements narcissiques et objectaux susceptibles d'être mobilisés chez les adolescent.e.s harcelé.e.s. Plus spécifiquement, à partir de nos entretiens de recherche et des travaux analytiques déjà existants à propos des adolescents harcelés, nous nous sommes interrogées sur la fragilité des assises narcissiques et des positions sexuées, ainsi que sur les particularités relatives aux aménagements identificatoires et au traitement pulsionnel chez ces derniers. Ce cheminement nous a conduit sur les traces du masochisme. Si notre hypothèse en lien avec la nature masochiste des conduites défensives chez certains adolescents harcelés nous est apparue si intéressante, c'est aussi du fait de la particularité de la tranche d'âge des sujets qui convoque avec une acuité certaine les risques de désintrication inhérents à la réactivation œdipienne et aux remaniements identificatoires. Ainsi notre problématique est la suivante : les achoppements identificatoires repérables chez les adolescents en situation de harcèlement scolaire pourraient-ils connaitre, dans certains cas, un destin à coloration masochiste ? Au niveau méthodologique, la population est composée de 10 préadolescents et adolescents harcelés (5 filles et 5 garçons). Le matériel clinique a été recueilli par la mise en place d'un dispositif en trois entretiens au sein des établissements partenaires. L'entretien préliminaire était suivi d'un entretien comprenant la passation des tests projectifs (Rorschach, T.A.T. et planches complémentaires en situation scolaire), puis d'un entretien de restitution. Les résultats mettent en lumière que la construction d'un maillage identificatoire en lien avec l'être harcelé, pourrait revêtir une dimension initiatique au travers d'une posture victimaire, voire sacrificielle, participant au travail de subjectivation propre à l'adolescence. Cette posture peut être amenée à s'exprimer au travers d'aménagements psychiques à coloration masochiste susceptibles de s'illustrer soit via l'externalisation de modalités passives et masochistes dans le lien aux pairs, soit par un retournement de l'agressivité contre soi. Si ces deux modalités peuvent se retrouver chez tout type de fonctionnement psychique sans présager d'un devenir nécessairement pathogène - du fait notamment de la plasticité relative au processus adolescent - leurs enjeux seront différents en fonction du registre de problématique dans lequel le sujet s'inscrit. Ainsi, dans certains cas, le recours au masochisme peut s'apparenter à une tentative de subjectivation en lien avec une quête traumatotropique au service d'un besoin de différenciation vis-à-vis des premiers objets d'amour. Dans d'autres cas, lorsque la subjectivation se sclérose autour de la traumatophilie, le risque mélancolique n'est jamais loin
This research proposes to study the narcissistic and objectual rearrangements likely to be mobilized among harassed adolescents. More specifically, based on our research interviews and existing analytical work on harassed adolescents, we questioned the fragility of narcissistic foundations and sexual positions, as well as the particularities relating to the arrangements of identifications and impulses among the latter. This path has led us on the trail of masochism. If our hypothesis linked to the masochistic nature of defensive behavior among some harassed adolescents appeared so interesting to us, it is also due to the particularity of the age group of the subjects which calls for numerous changes due to of Oedipal reactivation. So our problematic is the following: could the identificatory stumbles identified among adolescents in situations of school bullying experience have, in certain cases, a destiny with a masochistic evolution?We used a population made up of 10 bullied pre-adolescents and adolescents (5 girls and 5 boys) to carry out our research. The clinical material was collected by setting up a three-interview system within the partner establishments. The preliminary interview was followed by an interview including the administration of projective tests (Rorschach, T.A.T. and additional boards in a school situation), then a feedback interview.The results highlight that the construction of an identification linked to the fact of being harassed, could take on an initiatory dimension through a victim posture, even sacrificial, participating in the work of subjectification specific to adolescence. This posture can be expressed through psychological adjustments with a masochistic color likely to be illustrated either via the externalization of passive and masochistic modalities in the bond with peers, or by a reversal of aggressiveness against themselves. If these two modalities can be found in any type of psychological functioning without foreboding a necessarily pathogenic outcome ? in particular due to the plasticity relating to the adolescent process ? their impact will be different depending on the register of problems in which the subject fits. Thus, in certain cases, the use of masochism can be compared to an attempt at subjectification linked to a traumatic quest serving a need for differentiation with respect to the first objects of love. In other cases, when subjectification becomes fossilized around traumatophilia, the risk of melancholy is close

Abstract This chapter introduces the construct of narcissism, reviews its evolutionary origins, and explores its relationship with emotions. Narcissism is presented as a personality trait with grandiose and vulnerable expressions, as well as a personality disorder characterized by extreme levels of narcissism combined with impairment. Some discussion surrounds whether grandiose and vulnerable expressions of narcissism should be conceptualized as distinct, stable traits versus oscillating narcissistic states. Evolutionary topics include the heritability of narcissism, the genetic foundations of narcissism, evolutionarily grounded strategies, including mating and survival strategies, that may have facilitated sexual and natural selection of narcissistic traits, as well as critiques of existing theory in this literature. The emotion section focuses on the emotional experiences of narcissists, paying particular attention to how these experiences contrast, depending on whether narcissism is more grandiose or vulnerable. Attempts are made throughout the chapter to identify connections between the conceptual, evolutionary, and emotion literatures.

This chapter considers the foundations of parental narcissism. The chapter begins by referencing the shift from the 'Me' decade to the 'Me' millennium, so as to contextualise two critical political developments: the coming of the New Right and the failure of the Labour Party to counter its influence. The chapter shows how the New Right set about creating the economic and social agenda, not least through Sir Keith Joseph's cycle of deprivation thesis and his growing interest in 'parent education' as an antidote to 1960s permissiveness. The chapter then proceeds to examine the cultural remoralising of Britain that begin to occur in the 1970s with particular reference to the Labour Party's retreat from liberal social democratic principles to those of a more authoritarian character. The rightward (and authoritarian) drift was gradually confirmed by the introduction of the 'new behaviourism' into British psychology and particularly into health visiting and social work, which served to problematise children's behaviour in favour of parental convenience.