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Статті в журналах з теми "Naracoorte"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Adetutu, Eric, Krystal Thorpe, Esmaeil Shahsavari, Steven Bourne, Xiangsheng Cao, Ramin Fard, Greg Kirby, and Andrew Ball. "Bacterial community survey of sediments at Naracoorte Caves, Australia." International Journal of Speleology 41, no. 2 (July 2012): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.41.2.2.

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2

Hamilton-Smith, Elery. "No ordinary man: Tenison Woods and the Naracoorte Caves." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 31 (2006): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115510608619581.

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3

HAMILTON-SMITH, ELERY. "No ordinary man: Tenison Woods and the Naracoorte Caves." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 30, sup1 (January 2006): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115510609506862.

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4

Forbes, M. S., and E. A. Bestland. "Origin of the sedimentary deposits of the Naracoorte Caves, South Australia." Geomorphology 86, no. 3-4 (May 2007): 369–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.09.009.

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5

Bertozzi, T., and AC McKay. "Incidence on Polypogon monspeliensis of Clavibacter toxicus and Anguina sp., the organisms associated with 'flood plain staggers' in South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 5 (1995): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950567.

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During 1991-92, a survey was conducted in South Australia to determine the distribution of the nematode Anguina sp. and bacterium Clavibacter toxicus associated with 'flood plain staggers'. Polypogon monspeliensis (annual beardgrass) was examined at 265 sites in flood-prone areas in the South East. Seed-galls produced by Anguina sp. were observed at 96 sites, and at 78 of these, seed heads infected with C. toxicus were observed. Infected sites were observed throughout the survey area, with the greatest concentration between Naracoorte and Kingston. No infected Agrostis avenacea (annual blowngrass) was found in the South East or along the flood plains of the Murray River.

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6

Macken, Amy C., and Elizabeth H. Reed. "Late Quaternary Small Mammal Faunas of the Naracoorte Caves World Heritage Area." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 137, no. 1 (January 2013): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/3721426.2013.10887171.

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7

Forbes, Matthew, and Erick Bestland. "Guano-derived deposits within the sandy cave fills of Naracoorte, South Australia." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 31 (2006): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115510608619578.

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8

FORBES, MATTHEW S., and ERICK A. BESTLAND. "Guano-derived deposits within the sandy cave fills of Naracoorte, South Australia." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 30, sup1 (January 2006): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115510609506859.

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9

Reed, Elizabeth. "World Heritage values and conservation status of the Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh / Naracoorte)." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplementary Issues 62, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg_suppl/2021/0703.

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10

Fitzsimmons, Kathryn E., and Timothy T. Barrows. "Late Pleistocene aeolian reactivation downwind of the Naracoorte East range, southeastern South Australia." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 56, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0372-8854/2012/0068.

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11

Darrénougué, Nicolas, Patrick De Deckker, Kathryn E. Fitzsimmons, Marc D. Norman, Liz Reed, Sander van der Kaars, and Stewart Fallon. "A late Pleistocene record of aeolian sedimentation in Blanche Cave, Naracoorte, South Australia." Quaternary Science Reviews 28, no. 25-26 (December 2009): 2600–2615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.05.021.

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12

Ayliffe, L. K., and H. H. Veer. "Uranium-series dating of speleothems and bones from victoria cave, naracoorte, South Australia." Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience section 72, no. 3 (May 1988): 211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9622(88)90026-7.

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13

Griffiths, M., R. T. Wells, and D. J. Barrie. "Observations on the sk ulls of fossil and extant echidnas (Monotremata: Tachyglossidae)." Australian Mammalogy 14, no. 2 (1991): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am91009.

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Анотація:

The anatomies of four well-preserved, fossilised tachyglossid skulls from Naracoorte, South Australia are described and compared with that of a fossilised skull from north-western Tasmania, with those of 13 extant Long-beaked Echidnas, Zaglossus bruijnii, from New Guinea, and with those of II Short-beaked Echidnas, Tachyglossus aculeatus. The difference in structure and proportions of the rostrums, palates and craniums of the fossil forms from those of Z. bruijnii and T. aculeatus are so great that it is concluded that the former should be placed in a new genus; the name Megalibgwilia is proposed. From the conformation of the rostrum and palate it is suggested that the principal prey of Megalibgwilia was large insects such as scarab and moth larvae, not oligochaete worms as is the case with Z. bruijnii.

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14

Hamilton-Smith, Elery. "Much ado about very little: bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) guano mining at Naracoorte, South Australia." Australian Zoologist 30, no. 4 (April 1998): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.1998.003.

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15

Pate, Donald, Matthew C. McDowell, Rod T. Wells, and Smith M. Smith. "Last Recorded Evidence For Megafauna At Wet Cave, Naracoorte, South Australia 45,000 Years Ago." Australian Archaeology 54, no. 1 (January 2002): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2002.11682069.

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16

Easton, L. C. "Pleistocene Grey Kangaroos from the Fossil Chamber of Victoria Fossil Cave, Naracoorte, South Australia." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 130, no. 1 (January 2006): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/3721426.2006.10887045.

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17

Gr�n, Rainer, Kevin Moriarty, and Rod Wells. "Electron spin resonance dating of the fossil deposits in the Naracoorte Caves, South Australia." Journal of Quaternary Science 16, no. 1 (January 2001): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1417(200101)16:1<49::aid-jqs570>3.0.co;2-#.

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18

Adetutu, Eric M., Krystal Thorpe, Steven Bourne, Xiangsheng Cao, Esmaeil Shahsavari, Greg Kirby, and Andrew S. Ball. "Phylogenetic diversity of fungal communities in areas accessible and not accessible to tourists in Naracoorte Caves." Mycologia 103, no. 5 (September 2011): 959–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/10-256.

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19

Priya, L. J. Arnold, V. Guilarte, M. Duval, M. Demuro, R. Weij, and E. H. Reed. "ESR and OSL dating of fossil-bearing deposits from Naracoorte Cave Complex palaeontological sites, south Australia." Quaternary Geochronology 69 (April 2022): 101270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2022.101270.

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20

Forbes, M. S., E. A. Bestland, R. T. Wells, and E. S. Krull. "Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene Robertson Cave sedimentary deposit, Naracoorte, South Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 54, no. 4 (June 2007): 541–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120090601078388.

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21

Ewers, Julie. "Australian Rural Education Award 1995." Australian and International Journal of Rural Education 6, no. 1 (March 1, 1996): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v6i1.404.

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As a parent involved at Lucindale Area School, and on behalf of Lucindale Area School and the community, I gladly accept this award and thank SPERA for choosing our school to be the winner of this award. What has happened at Lucindale Area School definitely enhances education and does demonstrate a commitment towards advancing the positive aspects of rural education. This award acknowledges the success we have achieved in solving our initial problems, it also acknowledges the very hard work carried out by our Principal, staff, parents, students and community members. Lucindale is as the name implies, a school comprising of students from reception through to year 12. Our current enrolments are around 270. There are just over 70 secondary students. It is situated in the small rural township of Lucindale, a population of about 490 people. The nearest town is Naracoorte with a population of 5,000 - 42 kilometres away). Our largest closest regional town is Mt. Gambier, 120 kilometres away with a population of 23000. So we are very small and very rural.

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22

White, Susan, and John A. Webb. "The influence of tectonics on flank margin cave formation on a passive continental margin: Naracoorte, Southeastern Australia." Geomorphology 229 (January 2015): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.09.003.

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23

Holz, Peter H., Phillip Clark, David J. McLelland, Linda F. Lumsden, and Jasmin Hufschmid. "Haematology of southern bent-winged bats (Miniopterus orianae bassanii) from the Naracoorte Caves National Park, South Australia." Comparative Clinical Pathology 29, no. 1 (August 21, 2019): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-019-03049-z.

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24

James, Jane A., and Carolyn N. Wild. "The Bigger They Are, the Harder They Fall! Sustainable Tourism Planning at Naracoorte Caves World Heritage Site, Australia." Journal of Heritage Tourism 2, no. 3 (January 2008): 196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2167/jht060.0.

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25

Bestland, Erick, та Jessica Rennie. "Stable isotope record (δ18O and δ13C) of a Naracoorte Caves speleothem from before and after the Last Interglacial". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 31 (2006): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115510608619571.

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26

BESTLAND, ERICK A., та JESSICA RENNIE. "Stable isotope record (δ18O and δ13C) of a Naracoorte Caves speleothem from before and after the Last Interglacial". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 30, sup1 (січень 2006): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115510609506852.

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27

Clarke, Philip. "The “petrified” man of Naracoorte, South Australia. An early example of nineteenth century tourist interests in Indigenous subjects." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 144, no. 2 (July 2, 2020): 224–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2020.1843120.

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28

Atkins, Rachel A., Robert S. Hill, Kathryn E. Hill, Samantha E. M. Munroe, and Elizabeth H. Reed. "Preservation quality of plant macrofossils through a Quaternary cave sediment sequence at Naracoorte, South Australia: Implications for vegetation reconstruction." Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 299 (April 2022): 104607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104607.

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29

Lewis, I. D. "South Australian geology and the State Heritage Register: an example of geoconservation of the Naracoorte Caves complex and karst environment." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 66, no. 6 (June 16, 2019): 785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2019.1608300.

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30

Macken, Amy C., Nathan R. Jankowski, Gilbert J. Price, Erick A. Bestland, Elizabeth H. Reed, Gavin J. Prideaux, and Richard G. Roberts. "Application of sedimentary and chronological analyses to refine the depositional context of a Late Pleistocene vertebrate deposit, Naracoorte, South Australia." Quaternary Science Reviews 30, no. 19-20 (September 2011): 2690–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.05.023.

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31

St Pierre, Emma, Jian-xin Zhao, Yue-xing Feng, and Elizabeth Reed. "U-series dating of soda straw stalactites from excavated deposits: method development and application to Blanche Cave, Naracoorte, South Australia." Journal of Archaeological Science 39, no. 4 (April 2012): 922–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2011.10.027.

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32

Desmarchelier, J. "Stable isotope record and its palaeoenvironmental interpretation for a late Middle Pleistocene speleothem from Victoria Fossil Cave, Naracoorte, South Australia." Quaternary Science Reviews 19, no. 8 (April 2000): 763–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-3791(99)00037-2.

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33

Fraser, Rebecca, and Roderick Wells. "Palaeontological excavation and taphonomic investigation of the late Pleistocene fossil deposit in Grant Hall, Victoria Fossil Cave, Naracoorte, South Australia." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 31 (2006): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115510608619579.

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34

Pate, F. Donald, Matthew McDowell, Rod Wells, and Andrew Smith. "Additional AMS radiocarbon dates for Wet Cave and the timing of megafaunal extinctions in the Naracoorte region of South Australia." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 31 (2006): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115510608619585.

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35

FRASER, REBECCA A., and RODERICK T. WELLS. "Palaeontological excavation and taphonomic investigation of the late Pleistocene fossil deposit in Grant Hall, Victoria Fossil Cave, Naracoorte, South Australia." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 30, sup1 (January 2006): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115510609506860.

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36

PATE, F. DONALD, MATTHEW C. McDOWELL, ROD T. WELLS, and ANDREW M. SMITH. "Additional AMS radiocarbon dates for Wet Cave and the timing of megafaunal extinctions in the Naracoorte region of South Australia." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 30, sup1 (January 2006): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115510609506866.

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37

Grealy, Alicia, Amy Macken, Morten E. Allentoft, Nicolas J. Rawlence, Elizabeth Reed, and Michael Bunce. "An assessment of ancient DNA preservation in Holocene-Pleistocene fossil bone excavated from the world heritage Naracoorte Caves, South Australia." Journal of Quaternary Science 31, no. 1 (January 2016): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2830.

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38

Piper, KJ. "An early Pleistocene record of a giant koala (Phascolarctidae: Marsupialia) from western Victoria." Australian Mammalogy 27, no. 2 (2005): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am05221.

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Анотація:

THE pre Holocene-Late Pleistocene record of Phascolarctos in Australia is extremely meagre. There are at least two, possibly three extinct species of Phascolarctos in addition to the extant Phascolarctos cinereus (Black 1999). P. yorkensis (syn. Cundokoala yorkensis; Black and Archer 1997) is known from the Early Pliocene Curramulka Local Fauna, South Australia (SA), and the Late Pleistocene Wellington Caves Local Fauna, New South Wales (Archer et al. 1997; Pledge 1992). P. stirtoni occurs in the Late Pleistocene Cement Mills Local Fauna, Queensland, and is known only from a partial maxilla containing P3-M2 (Bartholomai 1968, 1977). Phascolarctos material from the mid- Pleistocene Victoria Fossil Cave and Spring Cave, Naracoorte, SA, have also been referred to P. cf. stirtoni but remain undescribed (Reed and Bourne 2000; Moriarty et al. 2000). P. maris is known from a single lower molar from the Early Pliocene Sunlands Local Fauna, SA (Pledge 1987). Black (1999) cast doubt on its validity, suggesting its features may fall within the intraspecific variation of P. stirtoni. If P. maris is referable to P. stirtoni it is another South Australian instance of this species, and extends its range back to the Early Pliocene. The new phascolarctid material documented here is from the early Pleistocene Nelson Bay Local Fauna, Portland, Victoria (141o 35? E; 38o 36? S). It is therefore an important additional southern occurrence of a species larger than the living P. cinereus, and is the only pre- Late Pleistocene record of the Phascolarctidae in Victoria.

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39

Macken, Amy C., Richard A. Staff, and Elizabeth H. Reed. "Bayesian age-depth modelling of Late Quaternary deposits from Wet and Blanche Caves, Naracoorte, South Australia: A framework for comparative faunal analyses." Quaternary Geochronology 17 (June 2013): 26–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2013.03.001.

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40

Moriarty, Kevin C., Malcolm T. McCulloch, Roderick T. Wells, and Matthew C. McDowell. "Mid-Pleistocene cave fills, megafaunal remains and climate change at Naracoorte, South Australia: towards a predictive model using U-Th dating of speleothems." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 159, no. 1-2 (June 2000): 113–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(00)00036-5.

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41

Macken, A. C., M. C. McDowell, D. N. Bartholomeusz, and E. H. Reed. "Chronology and stratigraphy of the Wet Cave vertebrate fossil deposit, Naracoorte, and relationship to paleoclimatic conditions of the Last Glacial Cycle in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 60, no. 2 (March 2013): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2013.758657.

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42

Austen, E. A., P. W. G. Sale, S. G. Clark, and B. Graetz. "A survey of farmers' attitudes, management strategies and use of weather and seasonal climate forecasts for coping with climate variability in the perennial pasture zone of south-east Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 2 (2002): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01030.

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Анотація:

A survey of 62 producers in the perennial pasture zone of south-eastern Australia was undertaken to gain an understanding of farmer attitudes toward climate variability, the use of weather and seasonal climate forecasts on farms and how climatic variability affects farm management. The 3 localities surveyed were Hamilton and surrounding districts in south-western Victoria, Lucindale and Naracoorte districts of south-eastern South Australia, and Campbell Town, Ross and Bothwell districts of North Central and upper Derwent Valley regions of Tasmania. Farmers in all districts considered winter rainfall to be the most reliable in terms of consistency, while autumn rainfall was the least reliable but had the greatest impact on production. Perceptions of seasonal rainfall variability and its impact were influenced by stocking rates; farmers with more heavily stocked properties considered rainfall in the growing season to be less reliable than did farmers with lower stocking rates and that autumn and winter rainfall had a greater impact on production. All farmers had strategies to manage their grazing enterprises in response to the prevailing season’s climate conditions, but not all available strategies were used. All participants fed supplements in poorer seasons while Tasmanian farmers tended to reduce stock numbers more in poorer seasons than did Victorian farmers. All the farmers used short-term weather forecasts to help make decisions about farm management, with 100% of farmers in all 3 states using radio and television forecasts and sheep graziers’ warnings. However, farmers felt that many other forecasts were unreliable and they were often were unwilling to incorporate them into decision making. Less than 50% of farmers had read or heard about the 3-month seasonal climate outlook and they were not willing to base management decisions on these outlooks. The uptake of information technology and the use of the Internet amongst farmers in the perennial pasture zone have increased rapidly, with an average of 76% of farmers using a computer and 30% connected to the Internet. Computers were mainly used for financial and farm management, while the Internet was mainly used for farm information. The education level attained by the farmer was the main factor that influenced the uptake and use of information technology.

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43

Deland, M. P. B., J. M. Accioly, K. J. Copping, J. F. Graham, S. J. Lee, P. McGilchrist, and W. S. Pitchford. "Divergent breeding values for fatness or residual feed intake in Angus cattle. 6. Dam-line impacts on steer carcass compliance." Animal Production Science 58, no. 1 (2018): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14594.

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The present study determined the impact of maternal genetics for estimated breeding values for rib fat (High-Fat, Low-Fat) or residual feed intake (RFI; High-RFI, Low-RFI) on the carcass compliance of Angus steer progeny when reared pre-weaning under High or Low-Nutrition and post-weaning under various finishing system (grazing versus short-term feedlot). The dams were joined to sires of similar genetic background (close to average estimated breeding values) and sires were rotated among all dam genotypes, with herds located at either Struan Research Centre, near Naracoorte in the south-east of South Australia, or Vasse Research Station, in the south-west of Western Australia. The breeding herd was part of the Beef CRC maternal productivity project and cows were managed under either High or Low-Nutrition, achieved by adjustments to stocking rate in rotational grazing systems and supplementary feeding, so as to maintain ~20% difference in cow liveweight. The steer progeny were weaned at ~7 months of age, with individuals from both pre-weaning nutritional treatments being treated the same from then on at each site. Steers from Struan Research Centre in South Australia born in 2008 and 2009 were sold and grown out on pasture on a local commercial property. Steer calves born in 2010 at Vasse remained on the station where they were backgrounded on hay, followed by a short period (111 days) total mixed ration containing 40% grain. In the first year, steers from Struan (n = 58) were slaughtered together at ~2 years of age, and in the second year (n = 85), consigned to six slaughter groups as their ultrasound-scanned subcutaneous P8 (rump) fat reached 7 mm and their liveweight exceeded 550 kg. Steers from Vasse (n = 101) were slaughtered at ~12 months of age, all on the same day. High-Fat-line dams produced steers with carcasses with greater P8 fat than did Low-Fat-line dams at both sites. At Struan, when the 2008-born steers were slaughtered together, more steers from Low-Fat dams failed to meet minimum fat specifications, than steers from High-Fat dams (28% vs 9% respectively). The steers born in 2009 at Struan all met processor fat specifications but steers from the Low-Fat dams took longer to reach the fat threshold, and so had greater carcass weight, but attracted more price penalties because of increased dentition. All steers from Vasse met minimum requirements for fat, with none penalised for dentition. Vasse steers from High- or Low-RFI dams performed in a manner similar to that from High- and Low-Fat dams, respectively, in that the High-RFI group produced fatter carcasses than did the Low-RFI group. Steers reared under low pre-weaning nutrition weighed less at weaning than did those on High-Nutrition, but had higher weight gains after weaning, although insufficient to result in the same carcass weight. The results showed that commercial cattle producers need to be aware of the balance and trade-off among fat breeding value, effect of pre-weaning nutrition and post-weaning growth required to ensure their cattle meet market specifications and to avoid price penalties.

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Megirian, Dirk, Gavin J. Prideaux, Peter F. Murray, and Neil Smit. "An Australian land mammal age biochronological scheme." Paleobiology 36, no. 4 (2010): 658–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/09047.1.

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Constrained seriation of a species-locality matrix of the Australian Cenozoic mammal record resolves a preliminary sixfold succession of land mammal ages apparently spanning the late Oligocene to the present. The applied conditions of local chronostratigraphic succession and inferences of relative stage-of-evolution biochronology lead to the expression of a continental geological timescale consisting of, from the base, the Etadunnan, Wipajirian, Camfieldian, Waitean, Tirarian, and Naracoortean land mammal ages. Approximately 99% of the 360 fossil assemblages analyzed are classifiable using this method. Each is characterized by a diagnostic suite of species. An interval of age magnitude may eventually be shown to lie between the Camfieldian and Waitean, but is currently insufficiently represented by fossils to diagnose. Development of a land mammal age framework marks a progressive step in Australian vertebrate biochronology, previously expressed only in terms of local faunas. Overall, however, the record remains poorly calibrated to the Standard Chronostratigraphic Scale. Codifying the empirical record as a land mammal age sequence provides an objective basis for expressing faunal succession without resort to standard chronostratigraphic terms with the attendant (and hitherto commonly taken) risks of miscorrelating poorly dated Australian events to well-dated global events.

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Arnold, L. J., M. Demuro, R. Power, Priya, M. Duval, V. Guilarte, R. Weij, et al. "Examining sediment infill dynamics at Naracoorte cave megafauna sites using multiple luminescence dating signals." Quaternary Geochronology, April 2022, 101301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2022.101301.

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Weij, Rieneke, Jon D. Woodhead, J. M. Kale Sniderman, John C. Hellstrom, Elizabeth Reed, Steven Bourne, Russell N. Drysdale, and Timothy J. Pollard. "Cave opening and fossil accumulation in Naracoorte, Australia, through charcoal and pollen in dated speleothems." Communications Earth & Environment 3, no. 1 (September 26, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00538-y.

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AbstractCaves are important fossil repositories which provide records extending back over million-year timescales. While the physical processes of cave formation are well understood, the timing of initial cave development and opening—a more important parameter to studies of palaeontology, palaeoanthropology and archaeology—has proved more difficult to constrain. Here we investigate speleothems from the Naracoorte Cave Complex in southern Australia, with a rich record of Pleistocene vertebrate fossils (including extinct megafauna) and partly World Heritage-listed, using U-Th-Pb dating and analyses of their charcoal and pollen content. We find that, although speleothem formation began at least 1.34 million years ago, pollen and charcoal only began to be trapped within growing speleothems from 600,000 years ago. We interpret these two ages to represent the timing of initial cave development and the subsequent opening of the caves to the atmosphere respectively. These findings demonstrate the potential of U-Th-Pb dating combined with charcoal and pollen as proxies to assess the potential upper age limit of vertebrate fossil records found within caves.

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