Статті в журналах: "Nanostructured materials applications"

1

Yang, Ming, Xiaohua Chen, Zidong Wang, Yuzhi Zhu, Shiwei Pan, Kaixuan Chen, Yanlin Wang, and Jiaqi Zheng. "Zero→Two-Dimensional Metal Nanostructures: An Overview on Methods of Preparation, Characterization, Properties, and Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11081895.

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Metal nanostructured materials, with many excellent and unique physical and mechanical properties compared to macroscopic bulk materials, have been widely used in the fields of electronics, bioimaging, sensing, photonics, biomimetic biology, information, and energy storage. It is worthy of noting that most of these applications require the use of nanostructured metals with specific controlled properties, which are significantly dependent on a series of physical parameters of its characteristic size, geometry, composition, and structure. Therefore, research on low-cost preparation of metal nanostructures and controlling of their characteristic sizes and geometric shapes are the keys to their development in different application fields. The preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, and application progress of metallic nanostructures are reviewed, and the methods for characterizing metal nanostructures are summarized. Finally, the future development of metallic nanostructure materials is explored.

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Chen, Huige, Run Shi, and Tierui Zhang. "Nanostructured Photothermal Materials for Environmental and Catalytic Applications." Molecules 26, no. 24 (December 13, 2021): 7552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247552.

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Solar energy is a green and sustainable clean energy source. Its rational use can alleviate the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Directly converting solar energy into heat energy is the most efficient method among all solar conversion strategies. Recently, various environmental and energy applications based on nanostructured photothermal materials stimulated the re-examination of the interfacial solar energy conversion process. The design of photothermal nanomaterials is demonstrated to be critical to promote the solar-to-heat energy conversion and the following physical and chemical processes. This review introduces the latest photothermal nanomaterials and their nanostructure modulation strategies for environmental (seawater evaporation) and catalytic (C1 conversion) applications. We present the research progress of photothermal seawater evaporation based on two-dimensional and three-dimensional porous materials. Then, we describe the progress of photothermal catalysis based on layered double hydroxide derived nanostructures, hydroxylated indium oxide nanostructures, and metal plasmonic nanostructures. Finally, we present our insights concerning the future development of this field.

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3

Matteazzi, Paolo. "Nanostructured Titanium Based Materials." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 2878–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.2878.

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Assembling Nanostructures in 3D objects is actually the most relevant challenge in nanomanufacturing, opening the route to full industrial impact of nanomaterials. Titanium based systems are of great interest in several applications due to combination of strength, density, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Nanostructured Titanium alloys can be synthesized by high energy milling and assembled in 3D products by different routes.

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4

Bechelany, Mikhael, Sebastien Balme, and Philippe Miele. "Atomic layer deposition of biobased nanostructured interfaces for energy, environmental and health applications." Pure and Applied Chemistry 87, no. 8 (August 1, 2015): 751–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0102.

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AbstractThe most fundamental phenomena in the immobilising of biomolecules on the nanostructured materials for energy, environmental and health applications are the control of interfaces between the nanostructures/nanopores and the immobilized biomaterials. Thus, the throughput of all those biobased nanostructured materials and devices can be improved or controlled by the enhanced geometric area of the nanostructured interfaces if an efficient immobilization of the biomolecules is warranted. In this respect, an accurate control of the geometry (size, porosity, etc.) and interfaces is primordial to finding the delicate balance between large/control interface areas and good immobilization conditions. Here, we will show how the atomic layer deposition (ALD) can be used as a tool for the creation of controlled nanostructured interfaces in which the geometry can be tuned accurately and the dependence of the physical-chemical properties on the geometric parameters can be studied systematically in order to immobilize biomolecules. We will show mainly examples of how these methods can be used to create single nanopores for mass spectroscopy and DNA sequencing, and membrane for gas separation and water treatment in which the performance varies with the nanostructure morphologies/interfaces and the immobilization conditions.

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5

Han, Yang, and Zhien Zhang. "Nanostructured Membrane Materials for CO2 Capture: A Critical Review." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 3173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16584.

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To mitigate carbon emission from the combustion of fossil fuels, membrane is advantageous due to the fact that membrane is a thin interphase acting as a selective barrier separating two phases. This thinness, typically in the range of 100 nm to a few micrometers, provides an almost natural platform to implement functional nanostructures. In this review, the recent progress in nanostructured membrane materials for CO2 capture will be discussed, including applications in flue gas decarbonizing (CO2/N2 separation) and syngas purification (CO2/H2 separation). In addition, the fundamentals of membrane technologies are also introduced. The reviewed nanostructure formation is confined to solid state materials, including polymer with intrinsic microporosity, carbon-based membranes, zeolite, and metal organic framework.

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Machín, Abniel, Kenneth Fontánez, Juan C. Arango, Dayna Ortiz, Jimmy De León, Sergio Pinilla, Valeria Nicolosi, Florian I. Petrescu, Carmen Morant, and Francisco Márquez. "One-Dimensional (1D) Nanostructured Materials for Energy Applications." Materials 14, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 2609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102609.

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At present, the world is at the peak of production of traditional fossil fuels. Much of the resources that humanity has been consuming (oil, coal, and natural gas) are coming to an end. The human being faces a future that must necessarily go through a paradigm shift, which includes a progressive movement towards increasingly less polluting and energetically viable resources. In this sense, nanotechnology has a transcendental role in this change. For decades, new materials capable of being used in energy processes have been synthesized, which undoubtedly will be the cornerstone of the future development of the planet. In this review, we report on the current progress in the synthesis and use of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructured materials (specifically nanowires, nanofibers, nanotubes, and nanorods), with compositions based on oxides, nitrides, or metals, for applications related to energy. Due to its extraordinary surface–volume relationship, tunable thermal and transport properties, and its high surface area, these 1D nanostructures have become fundamental elements for the development of energy processes. The most relevant 1D nanomaterials, their different synthesis procedures, and useful methods for assembling 1D nanostructures in functional devices will be presented. Applications in relevant topics such as optoelectronic and photochemical devices, hydrogen production, or energy storage, among others, will be discussed. The present review concludes with a forecast on the directions towards which future research could be directed on this class of nanostructured materials.

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7

Jortner, Joshua, and C. N. R. Rao. "Nanostructured advanced materials. Perspectives and directions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, no. 9 (January 1, 2002): 1491–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274091491.

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A focus of frontline interdisciplinary research today is the development of the conceptual framework and the experimental background of the science of nanostructured materials and the perspectives of its technological applications. We consider some current directions in the preparation, characterization, manipulation, and interrogation of nanomaterials, in conjunction with the modeling of the unique structuredynamicsfunction relations of nanostructures and their assemblies. The implications of quantum size and shape effects on the energetics, nuclearelectronic level structure, electric-optical response and dynamics, reveal new unique physical phenomena that qualitatively differ from those of the bulk matter and provide avenues for the control of the function of nanostructures. Current applications in the realm of nanoelectronics, nanooptoelectronics, and information nanoprocessing are addressed, and other directions highlighted. Chemical sciences make a central contribution to this novel and exciting scientifictechnological area.

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8

Nocua, José E., Fabrice Piazza, Brad R. Weiner, and Gerardo Morell. "High-Yield Synthesis of Stoichiometric Boron Nitride Nanostructures." Journal of Nanomaterials 2009 (2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/429360.

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Boron nitride (BN) nanostructures are structural analogues of carbon nanostructures but have completely different bonding character and structural defects. They are chemically inert, electrically insulating, and potentially important in mechanical applications that include the strengthening of light structural materials. These applications require the reliable production of bulk amounts of pure BN nanostructures in order to be able to reinforce large quantities of structural materials, hence the need for the development of high-yield synthesis methods of pure BN nanostructures. Using borazine (B3N3H6) as chemical precursor and the hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) technique, pure BN nanostructures with cross-sectional sizes ranging between 20 and 50 nm were obtained, including nanoparticles and nanofibers. Their crystalline structure was characterized by (XRD), their morphology and nanostructure was examined by (SEM) and (TEM), while their chemical composition was studied by (EDS), (FTIR), (EELS), and (XPS). Taken altogether, the results indicate that all the material obtained is stoichiometric nanostructured BN with hexagonal and rhombohedral crystalline structure.

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Kamanina, N. V., P. Ya Vasilyev, S. V. Serov, V. P. Savinov, K. Yu Bogdanov, and D. P. Uskokovic. "Nanostructured Materials for Optoelectronic Applications." Acta Physica Polonica A 117, no. 5 (May 2010): 786–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.117.786.

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10

Chang, Shoou-Jinn, Teen-Hang Meen, Stephen D. Prior, Artde Donald Kin-Tak Lam, and Liang-Wen Ji. "Nanostructured Materials for Microelectronic Applications." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/383041.

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Bux, Sabah K., Jean-Pierre Fleurial, and Richard B. Kaner. "Nanostructured materials for thermoelectric applications." Chemical Communications 46, no. 44 (2010): 8311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0cc02627a.

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12

Lund, P. D. "Nanostructured materials for energy applications." Microelectronic Engineering 108 (August 2013): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2013.04.002.

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13

Shi, Donglu, and Hongchen Gu. "Nanostructured Materials for Biomedical Applications." Journal of Nanomaterials 2008 (2008): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/529890.

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14

Jaafar, Juhana. "Nanostructured Materials: Properties and Applications." Micro and Nanosystems 15, no. 1 (March 2023): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187640291501230217110258.

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15

Mendes, Rafael, Paweł Wróbel, Alicja Bachmatiuk, Jingyu Sun, Thomas Gemming, Zhongfan Liu, and Mark Rümmeli. "Carbon Nanostructures as a Multi-Functional Platform for Sensing Applications." Chemosensors 6, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors6040060.

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The various forms of carbon nanostructures are providing extraordinary new opportunities that can revolutionize the way gas sensors, electrochemical sensors and biosensors are engineered. The great potential of carbon nanostructures as a sensing platform is exciting due to their unique electrical and chemical properties, highly scalable, biocompatible and particularly interesting due to the almost infinite possibility of functionalization with a wide variety of inorganic nanostructured materials and biomolecules. This opens a whole new pallet of specificity into sensors that can be extremely sensitive, durable and that can be incorporated into the ongoing new generation of wearable technology. Within this context, carbon-based nanostructures are amongst the most promising structures to be incorporated in a multi-functional platform for sensing. The present review discusses the various 1D, 2D and 3D carbon nanostructure forms incorporated into different sensor types as well as the novel functionalization approaches that allow such multi-functionality.

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16

Vysikaylo, P. I. "Quantum Size Effects Arising from Nanocomposites Physical Doping with Nanostructures Having High Electron Affinit." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 3 (96) (June 2021): 150–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2021-3-150-175.

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This article considers main problems in application of nanostructured materials in high technologies. Theoretical development and experimental verification of methods for creating and studying the properties of physically doped materials with spatially inhomogeneous structure on micro and nanometer scale are proposed. Results of studying 11 quantum size effects exposed to nanocomposites physical doping with nanostructures with high electron affinity are presented. Theoretical and available experimental data were compared in regard to creation of nanostructured materials, including those with increased strength and wear resistance, inhomogeneous at the nanoscale and physically doped with nanostructures, i.e., quantum traps for free electrons. Solving these problems makes it possible to create new nanostructured materials, investigate their varying physical properties, design, manufacture and operate devices and instruments with new technical and functional capabilities, including those used in the nuclear industry. Nanocrystalline structures, as well as composite multiphase materials and coatings properties could be controlled by changing concentrations of the free carbon nanostructures there. It was found out that carbon nanostructures in the composite material significantly improve impact strength, microhardness, luminescence characteristics, temperature resistance and conductivity up to 10 orders of magnitude, and expand the range of such components’ possible applications in comparison with pure materials, for example, copper, aluminum, transition metal carbides, luminophores, semiconductors (thermoelectric) and silicone (siloxane, polysiloxane, organosilicon) compounds

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17

Soares, Sofia F., Tiago Fernandes, Ana L. Daniel-da-Silva, and Tito Trindade. "The controlled synthesis of complex hollow nanostructures and prospective applications." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2224 (April 2019): 20180677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2018.0677.

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Functionality in nanoengineered materials has been usually explored on structural and chemical compositional aspects of matter that exist in such solid materials. It is well known that the absence of solid matter is also relevant and the existence of voids confined in the nanostructure of certain particles is no exception. Indeed, over the past decades, there has been great interest in exploring hollow nanostructured materials that besides the properties recognized in the dense particles also provide empty spaces, in the sense of condensed matter absence, as an additional functionality to be explored. As such, the chemical synthesis of hollow nanostructures has been driven not only for tailoring the size and shape of particles with well-defined chemical composition, but also to achieve control on the type of hollowness that characterize such materials. This review describes the state of the art on late developments concerning the chemical synthesis of hollow nanostructures, providing a number of examples of materials obtained by distinct strategies. It will be apparent by reading this progress report that the absence of solid matter determines the functionality of hollow nanomaterials for several technological applications.

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18

Liu, Yi, and David J. Sellmyer. "Selected Reflection Imaging of Nanostructured Materials." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 752–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600023886.

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Nanostructured materials are finding increasing applications. In characterizing the nanostructured materials, we have developed a technique using a conventional TEM to characterize the nanostructure. The technique is named selected reflection imaging and could be used for measuring the grain size, measuring the volume fraction of a second phase in a dual phase material, measuring the texture and identifying the crystal structure in multiphase materials.The technique is evolved from dark field imaging which is known to generate strong contrast. In conventional materials with a grain size larger than 1 μm, selected area diffraction pattern is from a single crystal. Dark field image could be formed by allowing one of the diffracted beam to go through the objective aperture. In nanostructured materials, however, the diffraction pattern becomes a ring pattern. Ordinary dark field image could be formed by allowing one of the spot in the ring to go through the aperture. However, only a limited number of grains are differentiated from the rest.

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Zhang, Ling, Yuan-Cheng Zhu, and Wei-Wei Zhao. "Recent Advances of Nanostructured Materials for Photoelectrochemical Bioanalysis." Chemosensors 10, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10010014.

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Nowadays, the emerging photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioanalysis has drawn intensive interest due to its numerous merits. As one of its core elements, functional nanostructured materials play a crucial role during the construction of PEC biosensors, which can not only be employed as transducers but also act as signal probes. Although both chemical composition and morphology control of nanostructured materials contribute to the excellent analytical performance of PEC bioassay, surveys addressing nanostructures with different dimensionality have rarely been reported. In this review, according to classification based on dimensionality, zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional nanostructures used in PEC bioanalysis are evaluated, with an emphasis on the effect of morphology on the detection performances. Furthermore, using the illustration of recent works, related novel PEC biosensing patterns with promising applications are also discussed. Finally, the current challenges and some future perspectives in this field are addressed based on our opinions.

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SIRGHIE, Alexandru, Mihai OPROESCU, Gabriel Vasile IANA, and Adriana Gabriela PLAIASU. "Nanostructured materials for CBRNdetection." University of Pitesti. Scientific Bulletin - Automotive Series 30, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26825/bup.ar.2020.009.

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Nanomaterials are gaining significance in technological applications due to their chemical, physical, and mechanical properties and enhanced performance when compared with their bulkier counterparts. The synthesis of nanostructured materials has led to a significant increase in properties (thermal, optical, electrical, magnetic, mechanical) as well as the discovery of materials with new properties due the fact that at the nanoscale the materials have a high surface area Most applications of nanomaterials in sensors are related to their synthesis. In this paper we report recent trends in applications of various nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, nanowires andgraphene to detect CBRN agents.

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Nanda, Karuna Kar. "Anomaly in Thermal Stability of Nanostructured Materials." Materials Science Forum 653 (June 2010): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.653.23.

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Understanding of the melting temperature of nanostructures is beneficial to exploit phase transitions and their applications at elevated temperatures. The melting temperature of nanostructured materials depends on particle size, shape and dimensionality and has been well established both experimentally and theoretically. The large surface-to-volume ratio is the key for the low melting temperature of nanostructured materials. The melting temperature of almost free nanoparticles decreases with decreasing size although there are anomalies for some cases. Superheating has been reported for some embedded nanoparticles. Local maxima and minima in the melting temperature have been reported for particles with fewer atoms. Another quantity that is influenced by large surface-to-volume ratio and related to the thermal stability, is the vapour pressure. The vapour pressure of nanoparticles is shown to be enhanced for smaller particles. In this article, we have discussed the anomaly in thermal stability of nanostructured materials.

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22

Lee, Jinho, Donghwi Cho, Haomin Chen, Young-Seok Shim, Junyong Park, and Seokwoo Jeon. "Proximity-field nanopatterning for high-performance chemical and mechanical sensor applications based on 3D nanostructures." Applied Physics Reviews 9, no. 1 (March 2022): 011322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0081197.

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In this era of the Internet of Things, the development of innovative sensors has rapidly accelerated with that of nanotechnology to accommodate various demands for smart applications. The practical use of three-dimensional (3D) nanostructured materials breaks several limitations of conventional sensors, including the large surface-to-volume ratio, precisely tunable pore size and porosity, and efficient signal transduction of 3D geometries. This review provides an in-depth discussion on recent advances in chemical and mechanical sensors based on 3D nanostructures, which are rationally designed and manufactured by advanced 3D nanofabrication techniques that consider structural factors (e.g., porosity, periodicity, and connectivity). In particular, we focus on a proximity-field nanopatterning technique that specializes in the production of periodic porous 3D nanostructures that satisfy the structural properties universally required to improve the performance of various sensor systems. State-of-the-art demonstrations of high-performance sensor devices such as supersensitive gas sensors and wearable strain sensors realized through designed 3D nanostructures are summarized. Finally, challenges and outlooks related to nanostructures and nanofabrication for the practical application of 3D nanostructure-based sensor systems are proposed.

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23

Tanabe, Katsuaki. "Nanostructured Materials for Solar Cell Applications." Nanomaterials 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12010026.

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24

Tang, Zhaohui, Chaoliang He, Huayu Tian, Jianxun Ding, Benjamin S. Hsiao, Benjamin Chu, and Xuesi Chen. "Polymeric nanostructured materials for biomedical applications." Progress in Polymer Science 60 (September 2016): 86–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.05.005.

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Greer, A. Lindsay. "Nanostructured Materials - from Fundamentals to Applications." Materials Science Forum 269-272 (January 1998): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.269-272.3.

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Rani, B. Jansi, M. Praveenkumar, S. Ravichandran, G. Ravi, Ramesh K. Guduru, and R. Yuvakkumar. "BiVO4 Nanostructures for Photoelectrochemical (PEC) Solar Water Splitting Applications." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 7427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16642.

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We reported a simple and economical SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) assisted BiVO4 solvothermal synthesis of BiVO4 nanostructures. The implementation of pristine and SDS assisted BiVO4 nanostructure as photoanode in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting was investigated. The good crystalline nature, defects present in the material, recombination nature and vibrational properties of the synthesized BiVO4 nanostructures have been analyzed and confirmed by XRD, Raman, PL and FTIR studies. The constructed nanoflower oriented morphology combined with nanorods for SDS assisted BiVO4 have been examined by SEM studies. The optical band gap differences were observed as 2.35 and 2.31 eV for pristine and SDS assisted BiVO4 nanostructures respectively. The higher photocurrent density of 5.8 μA/cm2 at 0.5 V versus RHE with lower flat band potential of -0.75 V revealed for SDS assisted BiVO4 nanostructured photoanodes. Good conductivity, higher charge separation efficiency and 52% photocurrent retention under illumination was reported over 7200 s for the same efficient photoanode. These results suggested the substantial possibility of BiVO4 nanostructures synthesized by using SDS surfactant could be utilized as efficient photoanodes for PEC water splitting applications.

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Zou, Shuangyang, Xiaoan Zhao, Wenze Ouyang, and Shenghua Xu. "Microfluidic Synthesis, Doping Strategy, and Optoelectronic Applications of Nanostructured Halide Perovskite Materials." Micromachines 13, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101647.

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Halide perovskites are increasingly exploited as semiconducting materials in diverse optoelectronic applications, including light emitters, photodetectors, and solar cells. The halide perovskite can be easily processed in solution, making microfluidic synthesis possible. This review introduces perovskite nanostructures based on micron fluidic channels in chemical reactions. We also briefly discuss and summarize several advantages of microfluidics, recent progress of doping strategies, and optoelectronic applications of light-sensitive nanostructured perovskite materials. The perspective of microfluidic synthesis of halide perovskite on optoelectronic applications and possible challenges are presented.

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Jakubinek, Michael B., Champika J. Samarasekera, and Mary Anne White. "Elephant ivory: A low thermal conductivity, high strength nanocomposite." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0029.

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There has been much recent interest in heat transport in nanostructures, and alsoin the structure, properties, and growth of biological materials. Here we present measurements of thermal properties of a nanostructured biomineral, ivory. The room-temperature thermal conductivity of ivory is anomalously low in comparison with its constituent components. Low-temperature (2–300 K) measurements ofthermal conductivity and heat capacity reveal a glass-like temperature dependenceof the thermal conductivity and phonon mean free path, consistent with increased phonon-boundary scattering associated with nanostructure. These results suggest that biomineral-like nanocomposite structures could be useful in the design of novel high-strength materials for low thermal conductivity applications.

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Welser, Roger E., Adam W. Sood, Jaehee Cho, E. Fred Schubert, Jennifer L. Harvey, Nibir K. Dhar, and Ashok K. Sood. "Nanostructured Transparent Conductive Oxides for Photovoltaic Applications." MRS Proceedings 1493 (2013): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.30.

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ABSTRACTOblique-angle deposition is used to fabricate indium tin oxide (ITO) optical coatings with a porous, columnar nanostructure. Nanostructured ITO layers with a reduced refractive index are then incorporated into antireflection coating (ARC) structures with a step-graded refractive index design, enabling increased transmittance into an underlying semiconductor over a wide range of wavelengths of interest for photovoltaic applications. Low-refractive index nanostructured ITO coatings can also be combined with metal films to form an omnidirectional reflector (ODR) structure capable of achieving high internal reflectivity over a broad spectrum of wavelengths and a wide range of angles. Such conductive high-performance ODR structures on the back surface of a thin-film solar cell can potentially increase both the current and voltage output by scattering unabsorbed and emitted photons back into the active region of the device.

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Su, Jian-Qing, Tracy W. Nelson, and Colin J. Sterling. "A new route to bulk nanocrystalline materials." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 8 (August 2003): 1757–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0243.

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Despite their interesting properties, nanostructured materials have found limited use as a result of the cost of preparation and the difficulty in scaling up. Herein, the authors report a technique, friction stir processing (FSP), to refine grain sizes to a nanoscale. Nanocrystalline 7075 Al with an average grain size of 100 nm was successfully obtained using FSP. It may be possible to further control the microstructure of the processed material by changing the processing parameters and the cooling rate. In principle, by applying multiple overlapping passes, it should be possible to produce any desired size thin sheet to nanostructure using this technique. We expect that the FSP technique may pave the way to large-scale structural applications of nanostructured metals and alloys.

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Zhang, Wu, Haizeng Li, Eric Hopmann, and Abdulhakem Y. Elezzabi. "Nanostructured inorganic electrochromic materials for light applications." Nanophotonics 10, no. 2 (November 20, 2020): 825–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0474.

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AbstractElectrochromism, an emerging energy conversion technology, has attracted immense interest due to its various applications including bistable displays, optical filters, variable optical attenuators, optical switches, and energy-efficient smart windows. Currently, the major drawback for the development of electrochromism is the slow switching speed, especially in inorganic electrochromic materials. The slow switching speed is mainly attributed to slow reaction kinetics of the dense inorganic electrochromic films. As such, an efficient design of nanostructured electrochromic materials is a key strategy to attain a rapid switching speed for their real-world applications. In this review article, we summarize the classifications of electrochromic materials, including inorganic materials (e.g., transition metal oxides, Prussian blue, and polyoxometalates), organic materials (e.g., polymers, covalent organic frameworks, and viologens), inorganic-organic hybrids, and plasmonic materials. We also discuss the electrochromic properties and synthesis methods for various nanostructured inorganic electrochromic materials depending on structure/morphology engineering, doping techniques, and crystal phase design. Finally, we outline the major challenges to be solved and discuss the outlooks and our perspectives for the development of high-performance nanostructured electrochromic materials.

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LIU, FEI, and DONGFENG XUE. "CHEMICAL DESIGN OF COMPLEX NANOSTRUCTURED METAL OXIDES IN SOLUTION." International Journal of Nanoscience 08, no. 06 (December 2009): 571–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x09006407.

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Nanostructured materials with controlled architectures are desirable for many applications, among which, metal oxides are especially important in optics, electronics, biology, catalysis, and energy conversions. Various chemical routes have been widely investigated for the synthesis of nanostructured metal oxide particles and films. More recently, deliberately designed chemical strategies have been used to produce particles and films composed of more complex crystal structures. In this paper, we discuss some recent progresses in the design of complex nanostructures through chemical routes, emphasize particularly on metal oxides. We first review some basic concepts involved in the fabrication of complex nanostructures, including crystal nucleation and growth, shape controlling and ripening process. We then describe more recent work on the use of different methods to synthesize a wide range of complex nanostructures, including hierarchical structures, heterostructures, as well as oriented nanowires and nanotubes. Such purposely built materials are designed, and engineered to match the physical, chemical, and structural requirements of their applications.

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33

Noah, Naumih M. "Design and Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials for Sensor Applications." Journal of Nanomaterials 2020 (October 31, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8855321.

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There has been an increasing demand for the development of sensor devices with improved characteristics such as sensitivity, low cost, faster response, reliability, rapider recovery, reduced size, in situ analysis, and simple operation. Nanostructured materials have shown great potential in improving these properties for chemical and biological sensors. There are different nanostructured materials which have been used in manufacturing nanosensors which include nanoscale wires (capability of high detection sensitivity), carbon nanotubes (very high surface area and high electron conductivity), thin films, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, polymer, and biomaterials. This review provides different methods which have been used in the synthesis and fabrication of these nanostructured materials followed by an extensive review of the recent developments of metal, metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, and polymer nanostructured materials in sensor applications.

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34

Song, Zihui, Wanyuan Jiang, Xigao Jian, and Fangyuan Hu. "Advanced Nanostructured Materials for Electrocatalysis in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries." Nanomaterials 12, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 4341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12234341.

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Lithium–sulfur (Li-S) batteries are considered as among the most promising electrochemical energy storage devices due to their high theoretical energy density and low cost. However, the inherently complex electrochemical mechanism in Li-S batteries leads to problems such as slow internal reaction kinetics and a severe shuttle effect, which seriously affect the practical application of batteries. Therefore, accelerating the internal electrochemical reactions of Li-S batteries is the key to realize their large-scale applications. This article reviews significant efforts to address the above problems, mainly the catalysis of electrochemical reactions by specific nanostructured materials. Through the rational design of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts (including but not limited to strategies such as single atoms, heterostructures, metal compounds, and small-molecule solvents), the chemical reactivity of Li-S batteries has been effectively improved. Here, the application of nanomaterials in the field of electrocatalysis for Li-S batteries is introduced in detail, and the advancement of nanostructures in Li-S batteries is emphasized.

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35

Stride, John A., and Nam T. Tuong. "Controlled Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanostructures." Solid State Phenomena 162 (June 2010): 261–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.162.261.

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Recent interest in nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been driven by the excellent photocatalytic and optical properties exhibited by the anatase and rutile phases. This article highlights the relationship between reaction conditions and the resultant nanostructured TiO2 and is primarily focused on wet chemical synthetic methods. We show that solvothermal syntheses of nano-TiO2 can be rationalised by making use of a diffusion-controlled model accounting for physical properties of the solvent such as the vapour-pressure, allowing the prediction and control the phase, size and type of nanostructured TiO2 product. This external control makes it possible for the systematic synthesis of TiO2 nanostructures via parameters such as the solvent chain length, the reaction temperature and time, and also by the addition of surfactants, providing the ability to design and tailor the nanostructured TiO2, which is vital for the optimal application of these nanostructures in photocatalytic or optical applications.

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36

Kareiva, Aivaras, Greta Inkrataitė, and Liudas Daumantas. "Nanostructured Bioceramic Materials 2020." Vilnius University Proceedings 11 (December 1, 2020): 1–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/proceedings.2020.2.

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The aim of the conference “Nanostructured Bioceramic Materials” is to overview and share information about the newest achievements concerning bioceramic nanotechnologies with the scientic community. During the conference, scientists from chemistry, physics, technology, medicine and implantology will be able to acquaint themselves with synthesis methods, unique properties and applications of bioceramic nanomaterials in implantology.

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37

Sen, Dipanjan, and Markus J. Buehler. "Shock Loading of Bone-Inspired Metallic Nanocomposites." Solid State Phenomena 139 (April 2008): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.139.11.

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Nanostructured composites inspired by structural biomaterials such as bone and nacre form intriguing design templates for biomimetic materials. Here we use large scale molecular dynamics to study the shock response of nanocomposites with similar nanoscopic structural features as bone, to determine whether bioinspired nanostructures provide an improved shock mitigating performance. The utilization of these nanostructures is motivated by the toughness of bone under tensile load, which is far greater than its constituent phases and greater than most synthetic materials. To facilitate the computational experiments, we develop a modified version of an Embedded Atom Method (EAM) alloy multi-body interatomic potential to model the mechanical and physical properties of dissimilar phases of the biomimetic bone nanostructure. We find that the geometric arrangement and the specific length scales of design elements at nanoscale does not have a significant effect on shock dissipation, in contrast to the case of tensile loading where the nanostructural length scales strongly influence the mechanical properties. We find that interfacial sliding between the composite’s constituents is a major source of plasticity under shock loading. Based on this finding, we conclude that controlling the interfacial strength can be used to design a material with larger shock absorption. These observations provide valuable insight towards improving the design of nanostructures in shock-absorbing applications, and suggest that by tuning the interfacial properties in the nanocomposite may provide a path to design materials with enhanced shock absorbing capability.

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Spontak, R. J., H. Jinnai, M. B. Braunfeld, and D. A. Agard. "Quantitative Transmission Electron Microtomography of Complex Bicontinuous Polymer Nanostructures." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 1128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600038137.

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Nanostructured polymers constitute an increasingly important class of materials. Investigations into the formation of nanostructural elements in microphase-ordered block copolymers have elucidated universal mechanisms of self-organization in soft-condensed matter, since topologically comparable nanostructures develop in biological and surfactant systems. Emerging applications of such polymers include nanotemplates for inorganic materials, optical switches and nanoreactors. Despite all the efforts that have focused on these materials in previous years, basic questions regarding the characteristics of these nanostructures, especially those exhibiting bicontinuity, persist. While most attempts to address these questions have relied on small-angle scattering, a real-space approach to this problem compares slices of simulated nanostructures to 2-D transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. An alternate strategy is transmission electron microtomography (TEMT), which utilizes 3-D images (reconstructed from a series of 2-D images collected at sequential tilt angles) for detailed structural analysis. Using this method, we have, for instance, recently confirmed that packing frustration,

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39

Toimil Molares, Maria Eugenia. "(Invited) Impact and Perspective of Electrodeposited Nanostructured Materials for Energy Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 23 (October 9, 2022): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0223944mtgabs.

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During the last decades, researchers have demonstrated in many inspiring and creative ways that electrodeposition is an essential and versatile technology to fabricate tailored nanostructures relevant to many different applications. The combination of excellent know-how on how electrodeposition parameters influence and control the composition, morphology and structure of the resulting materials, as well as applying inventive approaches using tailored and complex substrates, templates, and new methodologies, have resulted in a plethora of three-, two-, one- and zero-dimensional materials and coatings of many different compositions and combinations. This talk will provide an overview of remarkable advances achieved in designing and synthesizing nanostructured materials by electrodeposition, especially for energy applications, such as electrodes for batteries, photo- and electrocatalysis, and thermoelectrics, and discuss the upcoming perspectives and challenges in the field.

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40

Omeiza, Lukman Ahmed, Abdalla M. Abdalla, Bo Wei, Anitha Dhanasekaran, Yathavan Subramanian, Shammya Afroze, Md Sumon Reza, Saifullah Abu Bakar, and Abul Kalam Azad. "Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for Advanced Applications in Fuel Cells." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 14, 2023): 1876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041876.

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Nanostructured materials have gained much attention in recent engineering and material- science research due to their unique structural makeup, which stands them out from their bulk counterparts. Their novel properties of tiny-size structural elements (molecules or crystallites, clusters) of nanoscale dimensions (1 to 100 nm) make them a perfect material for energy applications. The recent keen interest in nanostructured materials research by academia and industrial experts arises from the unique variable characteristics of increased electrical and thermal conductivity. This occurs as nanostructured materials undergo a transient process from infinite-extended solid to a particle of ascertainable numbers of atoms. The commercial and energy sectors are very interested in developing and expanding simple synthetic pathways for nanostructured-electrocatalysts materials to aid in optimizing the number of active regions. Over the decades, various techniques have been put forward to design and synthesize nanostructured-electrocatalysts materials for electrochemical generation of energy and storage applications. As a result, the design of fuel cells, supercapacitors, and energy-storage devices has advanced significantly. This review provides a comprehensive outlook of various synthesis techniques and highlight the challenges of nanostructured- electrocatalysts materials application in fuel cells. Several synthesis methods are discussed and summarized for enhanced nanomaterial preparation and high product attainment with the sol-gel synthesis method being emphasized. The design methodology for an effective nanostructured electrocatalysts with high efficiency for fuel cells was also discussed.

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41

Chen, Xiaochun, Changlong Jiang, and Shaoming Yu. "Nanostructured materials for applications in surface-enhanced Raman scattering." CrystEngComm 16, no. 43 (2014): 9959–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ce01383b.

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This highlight summarizes current advances in the design and the employment of nanostructured materials in SERS substrates especially from the dimensional point of view. We then talk about synthesis methods and the novel properties of these nanostructured materials with their potential applications in SERS.

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42

Choi, Hojin, and Hyeonseok Yoon. "Nanostructured Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Capacitor Applications." Nanomaterials 5, no. 2 (June 2, 2015): 906–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano5020906.

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43

Zaera, Francisco. "Nanostructured materials for applications in heterogeneous catalysis." Chem. Soc. Rev. 42, no. 7 (2013): 2746–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35261c.

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44

Singh, Ravi Chand, Manmeet Pal Singh, and Hardev Singh Virk. "Applications of Nanostructured Materials as Gas Sensors." Solid State Phenomena 201 (May 2013): 131–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.201.131.

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Gas detection instruments are increasingly needed for industrial health and safety, environmental monitoring, and process control. To meet this demand, considerable research into new sensors is underway, including efforts to enhance the performance of traditional devices, such as resistive metal oxide sensors, through nanoengineering. The resistance of semiconductors is affected by the gaseous ambient. The semiconducting metal oxides based gas sensors exploit this phenomenon. Physical chemistry of solid metal surfaces plays a dominant role in controlling the gas sensing characteristics. Metal oxide sensors have been utilized for several decades for low-cost detection of combustible and toxic gases. Recent advances in nanomaterials provide the opportunity to dramatically increase the response of these materials, as their performance is directly related to exposed surface volume. Proper control of grain size remains a key challenge for high sensor performance. Nanoparticles of SnO2have been synthesized through chemical route at 5, 25 and 50°C. The synthesized particles were sintered at 400, 600 and 800°C and their structural and morphological analysis was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The reaction temperature is found to be playing a critical role in controlling nanostructure sizes as well as agglomeration. It has been observed that particle synthesized at 5 and 50°C are smaller and less agglomerated as compared to the particles prepared at 25°C. The studies revealed that particle size and agglomeration increases with increase in sintering temperature. Thick films gas sensors were fabricated using synthesized tin dioxide powder and sensing response of all the sensors to ethanol vapors was investigated at different temperatures and concentrations. The investigations revealed that sensing response of SnO2nanoparticles is size dependent and smaller particles display higher sensitivity. Table of Contents

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45

Rempel, A. A. "Nanotechnologies. Properties and applications of nanostructured materials." Russian Chemical Reviews 76, no. 5 (May 31, 2007): 435–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rc2007v076n05abeh003674.

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46

Adabi, Mahdi, Majid Naghibzadeh, Mohsen Adabi, Mohammad Ali Zarrinfard, Seyedeh Sara Esnaashari, Alexander M. Seifalian, Reza Faridi-Majidi, Hammed Tanimowo Aiyelabegan, and Hossein Ghanbari. "Biocompatibility and nanostructured materials: applications in nanomedicine." Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 45, no. 4 (May 31, 2016): 833–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2016.1178134.

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47

Xu, Tao, Ning Zhang, Heather L. Nichols, Donglu Shi, and Xuejun Wen. "Modification of nanostructured materials for biomedical applications." Materials Science and Engineering: C 27, no. 3 (April 2007): 579–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2006.05.029.

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48

Kear, B. H., and P. R. Strutt. "Chemical processing and applications for nanostructured materials." Nanostructured Materials 6, no. 1-4 (January 1995): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0965-9773(95)00046-1.

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Bux, Sabah K., Jean-Pierre Fleurial, and Richard B. Kaner. "ChemInform Abstract: Nanostructured Materials for Thermoelectric Applications." ChemInform 42, no. 5 (January 7, 2011): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201105215.

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50

Cho, Seong J., Se Yeong Seok, Jin Young Kim, Geunbae Lim, and Hoon Lim. "One-Step Fabrication of Hierarchically Structured Silicon Surfaces and Modification of Their Morphologies Using Sacrificial Layers." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/289256.

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Fabrication of one-dimensional nanostructures is a key issue for optical devices, fluidic devices, and solar cells because of their unique functionalities such as antireflection and superhydrophobicity. Here, we report a novel one-step process to fabricate patternable hierarchical structures consisting of microstructures and one-dimensional nanostructures using a sacrificial layer. The layer plays a role as not only a micromask for producing microstructures but also as a nanomask for nanostructures according to the etching time. Using this method, we fabricated patterned hierarchical structures, with the ability to control the shape and density of the nanostructure. The various architectures provided unique functionalities. For example, our sacrificial-layer etching method allowed nanostructures denser than what would be attainable with conventional processes to form. The dense nanostructure resulted in a very low reflectance of the silicon surface (less than 1%). The nanostructured surface and hierarchically structured surface also exhibited excellent antiwetting properties, with a high contact angle (>165°) and low sliding angle (<1°). We believe that our fabrication approach will provide new insight into functional surfaces, such as those used for antiwetting and antireflection surface applications.

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